Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by kidney stones.

Presentation
Renal colic typically begins in the abdomen and often radiates to the hypochondrium (the part
of the anterior abdominal wall below the costal margins) or the groin. It is typically colicky
(comes in waves) due to ureteric peristalsis, but may be constant. It is often described as one
of the strongest pain sensations known.[1]
Although this condition can be very painful, kidney stones usually cause no permanent
physical damage. The experience is said to be traumatizing due to pain, and the experience of
passing blood, blood clots, and pieces of the stone. Depending on the sufferer's situation,
nothing more than imbibing significant amounts of water may be called for; in other
instances, surgery may be needed. Preventive treatment can be instituted to minimize the
likelihood of recurrence.[2]

Prognosis and treatment

Most small stones are passed spontaneously and only pain management is required. NSAIDs
(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as diclofenac [3] or ibuprofen, and
antispasmodics like butylscopolamine are used. Although morphine may be administered to
assist with emergency pain management, it is often not recommended as morphine raises
ureteral pressure, worsening the condition. There is typically no antalgic position for the
patient (lying down on the non-aching side and applying a hot bottle or towel to the area
affected may help). If the pain is not too intense, a more speedy release of the stones may be
achieved by walking. Larger stones may require surgical intervention for their removal, such
as percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Patients can also be treated with Alfuzosin in cases where
the stone is located in the ureter.