LTE PHY Overview

Gwanmo Ku
Adaptive Signal Processing and Information Theory Research Group
Nov. 4, 2011

Outline
2/25

LTE Introduction
LTE PHY Standard Descriptions
Protocol Architecture
Standard Docs.
Parameters
Frame Structures
PHY Resources
Modulation, Channel Coding, and Physical Channels

References

2/11

LTE Introduction

Why LTE?
4/25

Continuity of
Competitiveness
of 3G System

Higher Data Rate

QoS

Packet Switch
Optimized System

LTE
High Spectral Efficiency
Very Low Latency
Support of Variable Bandwidth

(Reference: http://www.3gpp.org/LTE)

LTE Multiple Access

5/25

Base Station
(eNB)
DL : OFDMA with CP

UL : DFTS-OFDMA with CP
Mobile
(UE)

DL (Downlink), UL (Uplink), CP (Cyclic Prefix)

eNB (e Node B), UE (User Equipment)
DFTS-OFDMA (DFT Spread OFDMA) : also called as SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)
(Reference : p7, 3GPP TS 36.201 V8.3.0 (2009-03))

OFDMA & SC-FDMA

7/25

OFDMA

Bits

Constellation Mapping
&
S/P

- DFT

Subcarrier
Mapping

- IFFT

Add CP
&
P/S

DFT Spread

SC-FDMA (DFT Spread OFDMA)

S/P (Serial to Parallel Conversion), P/S (Parallel to Serial Conversion)

: Used Subcarriers
: Total Subcarriers
(Reference : p. 71, 3GPP TR 25.814 V7.1.0 (2006-09))

2/11

LTE PHY Standard Descriptions

LTE Protocol Architecture

9/25

LTE Protocol Architecture around PHY

Layer 3

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical Channels

Layer 2

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Control /
Measurements

Transport Channels
Layer 1

Physical Layer (PHY)

Logical Channels : Type of information transferred

Transport Channels : How the information is transferred
(Reference : p. 7, 3GPP TS 36.201 V8.3.0 (2009-03))

LTE PHY Standard Docs.

10/25

Rel-8 36 Series : LTE

Requirements

Rel-9 36 Series : LTE with Enhancement

Rel-10, 11, 36 Series : LTE Advanced
Rel-8 362XX : LTE PHY Technical Spec.
36201 : LTE PHY General Descriptions

Layer 1

36211 : Physical channels and modulation

36.212 : Multiplexing and channel coding
36.213 : Physical layer procedures

Layer 2 & 3

36.214 : Physical layer Measurements

PHY Parameters
11/25

DL/UL Parameters
System BW [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

# Resource Blocks

15

25

50

75

100

2048

FFT Size
= .

4096*
12

# Subcarriers per RB
= .
=

72

180

300

24*
600

900

1200

# Used Subcarriers
= .

Sampling Rate [MHz]

1.92

3.84

7.68

2400*
15.36

23.04

30.72

Subcarrier Spacing = 15 UL/DL, = 7.5 DL only

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09))

PHY Parameters CP Length

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One Slot
0.5 ms (500 s)

DL/UL Normal CP
5.2083
0

4.6875
Symbol 0

Symbol 1

Symbol 2

Symbol 3

Symbol 4

Symbol 5

Symbol 6

CP5

Symbol 5

66.6667

DL/UL Extended CP with Freq. Spacing 15 KHz

66.6667
cp0

Symbol 0

CP1

Symbol 1

CP2

Symbol 2

CP3

Symbol 3

CP4

Symbol 4

16.6666

DL Extended CP with Freq. Spacing 7.5 KHz

133.33
cp0

Symbol 0

CP1

Symbol 1

CP2

Symbol 2

33.333

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Operating Bands (700 MHz)

13/25
FDD Uplink

FDD Downlink

TDD
LTE Recommendation

700
MHz

699

716

Band 12

704

729

746

Band 12

800

750

756

758

Band 13

768

Band 14

777

787

Band 13

788

798

Band 14

716

Band 17

Band 17

757

776

Verizon LTE Plan in US

FCC Upper 700 MHz Band C
FCC Band in US

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

Operating Bands (800 MHz)

14/25
FDD Uplink

FDD Downlink

TDD
LTE Recommendation

800
MHz

850
824

849

869

900

750

Band 5

830

950

894

960

Band 5

840

875

Band 6

885

Band 6

880

915

Band 8

Cellular

925

Band 8

Cellular
FCC Cellular Band
But unavailable for LTE

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

Operating Bands (1700-2200 MHz)

15/25
FDD Uplink

FDD Downlink

TDD
LTE Recommendation

1700
MHz

1800

1710

1785

Band 3

1900

1805

2000

1880

Band 3

1770

1920

Band 39

1850

Band 10

1910

Band 35

1980

Band 1
1930

Band 37

2010
Band 34

2100
2025

2200

2110

2170

Band 1

1990

Band 36

1755

Band 10

2155

Band 4

Band 2

1749.9

1784.9

Band 9

1844.9

Band 2

Band 4

1879.9

Band 9

Band33

FCC
PCS Broadband and
Advanced Wireless Services (AWS)
AWS1

PCS Broadband

PCS Broadband

AWS1

AT&T LTE Plan : AWS band

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)
[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

Operating Bands (1400 & 2300-2700 MHz)

16/25
FDD Uplink
1400
MHz

1500

FDD Downlink

TDD

2300

2400

2500

LTE Recommendation
2600
2700

1427.9 1447.9 1475.9 1495.9

Band11

2570

Band11

Band 40

Band 7

2620

Band38

2690

Band 7

FCC
Broadband Radio Service (BRS) and
Educational Broadband Service (EBS)
BRS
EBS
BRS + EBS

2502

2602

2673.5

2690

But
LTE available
BW upto 5MHz

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

Frame Structure
17/25

Frame Structure Type 1 : FDD

Frame Structure Type 2 : TDD

5ms
Switch

10ms
Switch

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Frame Structure TDD (Cont.)

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UL/DL Configurations
Sub-frame Number

UL-DL
Configuration

DL to UL
Switch Point
Periodicity

5 ms

5 ms

5 ms

10 ms

10 ms

10 ms

5 ms

Subframe Index : D (Downlink), U (Uplink), S (Special)

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources
19/25

Resources in LTE
Resources : # Usable Subcarriers

Resource Block & Slot

Frequency

0.5 ms
Slot Time

Resourcce Block
BW

180 kHz

time

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources UL Slot Structure

20/25

Frequency
Nullities

SC-FDMA Symbols

BW [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

15

25

50

75

100

128

256

512

1024

1536

2048

Configuration

Normal CP

12

Extended CP

12

Configuration

CP Length
160 for 0th Symbol

Normal CP
144 for 1~6th Symbol

Extended CP

512 for 0~5th Symbol

Nullities

time
1 Slot

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources DL Slot Structure

21/25

Frequency
Nullities

OFDMA Symbols

BW [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

15

25

50

75

100

128

256

512

1024

1536

2048

= 15

12

= 15

12

= 7.5

24

Configuration
Normal CP

Extended CP

Configuration

Normal CP

= 15

CP Length
160 for 0th Symbol
144 for 1~6th Symbol

Extended CP

= 15

512 for 0~5th Symbol

= 7.5

1024 for 0-2nd Symbol

Nullities

time
1 Slot

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Modulations, Coding, Physical Channels

22/25

Modulations
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Channel Coding
Turbo Coding

Physical Channels
DL Physical Channels

PDSCH, PDCCH, PCFICH, PBCH, PMCH, PHICH

UL Physical Channels

PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.212 V8.8.0 (2009-12))

Future Work (Next Talk)

23/25

LTE

Resource Allocation

AMC
(Adaptive Modulation and Coding)

2/11

References

References
25/25

LTE related Webpages

http://www.3gpp.org

: 3GPP Standard Web

http://www.fcc.gov/

: FCC

http://wireless.fcc.gov/uls/

: FCC Band License Search

LTE Standard Docs. Release 8 Technical Specs.

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/latest/Rel-8/36_series/

FCC Useful Doc. 15th Report

http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

DFTS-OFDMA (SC-FDMA)
http://sites.google.com/site/hgmyung/scfdma