You are on page 1of 28

,

Wilhelm Wundt
z William James
z Herman Ebbinghaus
z



_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1879


Wilhelm Wundt

1895


Sigmund Freud, Joseph Breuer

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

/
z /
z /
z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Gordon W. Allport, Hans J. Eysenck, Raymond B.
Cattell

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Allport

,
:

.
,

. ,
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Allport
z

,
,
.

,

.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Eysenck
:
z -
z
z


()
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cattell
1

.
,
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cattell
2

,

.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


(1950 -1960)

:
z
z
z -

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

:
,

.

:
z

.
z


,
.
z
.
.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


B. F. Skinner
z
z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


- (-)
Pavlov, Guthrie, Hull, Wolpe
z





(, ,
).
:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Bandura
z



.

,

(
,

)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Bandura
z

(

)



.
: ,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


A. Beck
z
z
z
z

,





: (
-
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


z
z
z
z
z
z




( )

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


(20
)


(21 35 ).
( )

(35 )

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

.
:
z

z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

,
.
:
z Down ( 21
)
z Turner (
23 )
z Klinefelter (
23 )
PKU,
.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

:
) ,


) ,

.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



z
z
z (,
, )
z
z Rh
z
z
z
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


-
.
.
.
z - .
.

.
.
z - .

. .
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
z

- : =
.
.
.

: :
.
.
: :
.

.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z - 80% 24
z -

z - 3 (8 /24)
z 1 - 3 + 2
z :
-
,

.

z_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.

_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3
z
z
z

Babinski
Moro

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


:
z
z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Piaget-
z -



.
z , .
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6

z
z
z
z

z
z

(1 )
(2 3
)
(4 6
)


(7 11 )
(12 17
)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


=
, .

,
3-6
.

.
.
7-12
.
.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2-3

.
,
.
.

.

, .

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


1 -2

.
.
. 10 .

6-8


11

. (,
, , ).

2
2

.
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



z
z

z
z




.



.
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


.
,

11
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 5-6
)

(7 )


,
-.
.

( 12 )

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



:

,
,

.

,
,

.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
z
z



z .

.

z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

,
, , ,
,

- ,
, ,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


:
z

z
z

(

)
(
, )
( .
)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(
)

1 :
1 :

2 :

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

:
z (3 4 )
z (5 6 )

-
-
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


, ,



, . :

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

:
z ( / /
)
z
(
)

z : ,

z : ,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________


,


.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


WPPSI
Binet-Simon
z Goodenough ..

.

.
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

:



/

.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


.
z ,
z
z
4

z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________






.
3 :
z :
z : ,

z :


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


7

,
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


:
z 18 3 :
( )
z 3 6 :

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z

3 : -
.

(, , )
3-4 : ,

5-6 :
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


:
. 4

z :

z :
, .

(,

,
)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
z

z
z
z

2 :
3 :
4 :

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3
z

:


:
, ,


:
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z

(2 ):

( ,3 6 ):
,
, .
.

(7 ):

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________




:
z

z ,
.

z ,

z

z

.
,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z

,


,

.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________




, ,
.
:
z
z
z
z
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



4 :
1)

2)
3)
,

4)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(
, ,
- )
(
, ,
)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

, ,
, ,

, ,


--


-,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


:
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________



.

,

.

.
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________




, ,
.

. (: ''
'' : ''
'').
.
,

(: '' : ''
'').

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z
z




.


,
, .

,
.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

z
z
z
z

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-

z

/ -

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

You might also like