Model

Founder
Year
Types

Tylers Objective Model

Wheelers Process Model

Ralph Tyler

Wheeler

Lawtons Cultural Analysis

Model
Denis Lawton

1949

1967

1978

- Objective
- End product

-Cultural analysis

Purpose

To measure students progress

towards objectives

- Cyclical
- Spherical
- Process
Modified Tylers straight line
model into a cyclic or
spherical model for the
reason that Tylers model did
not provide for feedback or
help students achieve the
evaluative outcomes or
expected objectives
(Urebvu, 1990).

To describe the nature

of vocational education
To describe the
essentials of culture of
transmission by the
compulsory curriculum

Method

1. Specify Instructional
Objectives
2. Collect performance Data
3. Compare performance data
with the objectives/standards
specified

1. Logical and sequential

approach

1. Language system
2. Religion system
3. Law and politic system
4. Social Organization system
5. Technology sytem
6. Morality system
7. Values and attitude system
8. Aesthetic system
9.Education system

Steps

1. Development of
performance

1. Aims, Goals and

Objectives

1. Philosophical
Questions (cultural variables)

objectives
2. Development of activities
3. Organization of activities
4. Evaluation

Advantages

Involves the active

participation of the
learner
Objectives are clearly
defined in the purposes
Simple linear approach
to development of
behavioral objectives

Disadvantages

Narrowly interpreted
objectives (acceptable
verbs)
Difficult and time

2. Selection of learning
experiences
3. Selection of content
4. Organization and
integration of leaning
experiences
5. Evaluation

Provide logical
sequence
Provide baseline data
for objectives
Able to cope with
changing
circumstances
Provide flexibility (and
relevant to school
situations and more
appropriate to
curriculum
development ( by
teachers)
Difficult to locate It is
not different from
objective model since
it adopts logical

e.g. aims of education

worthwhile knowledge
2. Cultural variables
e.g. the kind of society we
have/we want Sociology
Questions
3. Selection from Culture
4. Psychological Questions
and
Theories e.g. of learning,
instruction, development etc.
5. Curriculum Organized in
stages, sequences

consuming construction
of behavioral objectives
Curriculum restricted to
a constricted range of
student skills and
knowledge

sequence
It takes time to
undertake an
effective situational
analysis