Gio trnh guitar m ht c bn

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Bi 1: Gii thiu guitar v kin thc cn bn:
*n guitar thng c s dng vi 2 loi dy l dy nilon v dy kim loi.
- Dy Nilon thng dng cho chi theo phong cch c in (Classic).
V d: Romance, Natalia, Ozawa

- Dy kim loi thng dng cho m ht (n dy kim loi so vi n dy nilon

c cn di hi 2 ngn v b ngang nh hn)

*(QUAN TRNG)
-So snh v 2 loi n ph bit nht ny: n Classic dy bng nilon nn l n
mm hn, au tay hn => nn trong qu trnh tp hn nhng cn n to
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hn nn tay nh kh cm hn. n Acoustic cn nh hn nn tay nh cng cm

d hn nhng dy bng kim loi, cng hn, n au tay hn rt nhiu nhng m
nghe hay hay hn :v
-Ukulele (4 dy):

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*(QUAN TRNG)
n guitar thng thng c 6 dy trong gio trnh s c nh s t 1 n 6,
th t dy tnh t dy b nht l dy s 1, dy ln nht l dy s 6:
- Dy s 1 l dy Mi cao (E)
- Dy s 2 l dy Si (B)
- Dy s 3 l dy Son (G)
- Dy s 4 l dy R (D)
- Dy s 5 l dy La (A)
- Dy s 6 l dy Mi trm (E)
Vy ln lt khi gy t trn xung ta c cc m ca cc nt: E, A, D, G, B, E.
K hiu cc nt nhc bng ch ci latin: (C), R (D), Mi (E), Pha (F), Son
(G),La (A), Si (B).
Trong gio trnh c s dng t ngn, trn cn n c rt nhiu ngn, c
phn cch bi cc thanh kim loi. t ngn v t dy s c dng ch ta
ngn tay phi n sau ny.
*Ch : cc bn c th s dng app gString trn Android chnh dy n mnh
cho ng, n s thu v hin ln mn hnh ch ci m , cc bn chnh sao cho
cc ch hin ln ng vi cc ch ci trn ca tng dy. C 1 cch d nh th t
ch ci trn l: Bn Gi i n ch (E B G D A E).
Cc t th m n thng gp:

T th chun nhng khxu :3

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T th p :D

T th cng p :v
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*(QUAN TRNG)
Cch ln dy n (Rt cn thit trong vic luyn n):
-Khi nim: (Khng cn nh, ch c cho bit thi) Ngi ta thng
dng m thoa pht ra nt "A" vi tn s 440 Hz (Hertz).Do mt nhm
vt l hc ngi c tm ra vo khong nm 1834 lm m chun khi
ln dy n guitar.

m thoa (diapasion) l mt cy cha hai nhnh nh lm bng thp

Bm ngn 5 trn dy 1 (E) = nt la (A) 440 Hz
-Cch chnh dy (cn phi nh y, d thi v khng h phc tp):
Khi c dy E ng nt tiu chun ri, ta dng giy ny lm tiu chun
cho nhng dy cn li. Cch thng thng l ta so snh m ca tng
cp 2 dy lin tip mt, bt u so dy 2 vi dy th nht, ri dy 2
vi dy 3, xong tip tc ln lt so cc dy t nh n ln:
C th:
Bm ngn 5 trn dy 2 (B) = dy 1 (E)
Bm ngn 4 trn dy 3 (G) = dy 2 (B)
Bm ngn 5 trn dy 4 (D) = dy 3 (G)
Bm ngn 5 trn dy 5 (A) = dy 4 (D)
Bm ngn 5 trn dy 6 (E) trm = dy 5 (A)
Mt s kin thc l thuyt m nhc c bn (c bn l kh n gin)
1. Cc bc c bn
Trong m nhc ngi ta dng 7 bc c bn ch cao thp ca m
thanh:
Do re mi fa sol la si
Cc bc m c bn cn c k hiu bng ch ci Latin:
C (do) D (re) E (mi) F (fa) G (sol) A (la) B (si)
Cc bc m ny c lp li theo chu k, ht 1 chu k (t 1 nt n 1 nt cng
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tn k tip) gi l mt qung 8.
Cung v na cung:
L n v o cao thp ca m thanh. 1 cung = 2 na cung. Gia cc bc c
bn c 2 khong cch na cung l khong cch gia Mi-Fa (E F) v Si-Do (B
C), cc khong cch cn li cch nhau 1 cung.
C (do) D (re) E (mi) F (fa) G (sol) A (la) B (si)C(o)
Chng ta cn hc thuc qui tc ny ng dng.V d c th xc nh tt
c cc nt nhc trn n.Trn cn n c 1 ngn l na cung,2 ngn l 1
cung.V d theo nh qui tc Cung trn dy th nht (E) cc bn bm vo
ngn th nht tc l ang ln na cung v nt s l nt Fa.(Mi ln Fa
na cung theo qui tc).Tng t cho cc nt cn li.
Du thng: K hiu: #
L k hiu biu th s nng bc c bn ln na cung
V d:Cng nh trn F ln 1 cung (2 ngn) s l G.Nh vy F ln na cung ko
c nt no trong qui tc trn n s l nt F#.
Du dng: k hiu l b
Biu th cho s gim bc xung na cung.i km sau cc hp m v d
nh:Ab,Cb,
V d:Tng t v d trn G gim na cung s l Gb.(Son ging).Nh vy c
th thy c nt Gb s trng vi nt F#.Nn gi nt l Gb hay F# th cng
l n c.
Hp m
Hp m l g?:
L s kt hp ca t nht 3 m thanh(pht ra t 3 dy khc nhau trong 1 ln
nh) tr ln, cc m c to ra nh cc ngn tay n vo dy n, hp m
c dng m cho giai iu chnh.
a) Hp m: c 3 loi c bn
Hp m trng c k hiu bng ch ci vit Hoa
VD: C = Hp m trng; G = Hp m sol trng
Hp m th k hiu bng ch ci ch tn nt in hoa km ch
VD: Em = Hp m mi th; Dm = Hp m r th
Hp m hp m by k hiu bng ch ci ch tn nt in hoa km s 7
pha sau
VD: A7 = Hp m la by; D7 = Hp m r by
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Ta c 7 nt c bn nh vy s c 7 hp m tng ng vi mi nt.V mi
nt s c c bn l 3 loi hp m va ni trn.
V d: C() th c hp m C( trng), Cm ( th), C7 ( by)
Cch nh:
Tay phi:

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Tay tri:

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Ngn tay ci (P) ph trch gy 3 dy Bass 4,5,6.Ngn tr (i) gy dy

3,ngn gia(m) gy dy 2,ngn p t (a) gy dy 1, v c bit l ngn
t v dng, khng dng lm g c.
* Lu khi tp luyn:
- Ngn tr bm ngn 1, ngn gia bm ngn 2ngn p t ngn 3 & ngn
t ngn 4 (nh hnh v)
- Bm bng u ngn tay,ngn tay hi vung gc vi dy n v st vi
phm n ting n khng b d!!!
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Bi 2: Tp iu-Hp m
Sau y chng ta s bt u i vo hc nhng iu nh c bn nht trong
Ghita, nn nh 1 iu, tn iu l g khng quan trng, c th min ny gi
bng tn ny, min khc gi bng tn khc nhng quan trng nht vn l cc
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bn c nh thnh tho c iu hay khng thi. Lc u nhn vo c ngh

rt kh nhng n hon ton rt kh :D a thi hon ton n gin, chng ta
bt u./
*Khi nim: Hp m l g?
m tc l m thanh, hp tc l hn hp, vy hp m tc l hn hp nhiu m
thanh to thnh 1 hp m, n Guitar c 6 dy vy hin nhin m thanh y l
pht ra t 6 dy n ri. Vy lm sao c th lm ra 1 hp m? Hp m c to
ra bng cch n cc ngn tay tri vo cc v tr trn cn n ng vi dy+ngn
thch hp pht ra nhng m thanh khc nhau to nn hp m. C th th no
th cc bn s c hc trn lp.
*Khi nim: Vy iu l g?
Hn khi nghe cc bi ht Ghita, cc bn thy ting n rt du dng, rt c nhp
iu, v c 1 vng lp nht nh. c th to c nhng ting n cho 1
bi ht th phi kt hp gia tay tri v tay phi, tc l gia Hp m v iu.
Nu nh tay tri m nhn vai tr n cc hp m th tay phi li gi vai tr to
iu cho bi ht. y, trong Ghita, iu l 1 th t gy dy n ri c lp i
lp li trong sut bi ht. Ch n gin vy thi, cn c th tng iu gy theo
th t nh th no th s trnh by c th sau.
*Ch : trong sut gio trnh, chng ta s quy nh theo chun quc t quy
nh :D l 3 dy 4 5 6 s c gi l dy Bass, n gin v m n trm. Cn
phi gy dy Bass no th ty thuc vo hp m bn n, mi hp m khc nhau
phi n dy Bass khc nhau.

iu 1: iu Slow (Nhiu ni gi l iu Slow Rock, k n i khng quan

trng lm u) (Nhp 6/8)
Cng thc: Bass 3 - 2 1 2 3
Tui Hng Th Ngy

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---------------------C -------------------Am--------Dm-------------G
Tui hng th ngy di mi trng tui th i qua ri,
-----------C-----------Am-------Dm---------------------G
li trong ti 1 ni bun ni ln ting yu lng thm anh dnh
------C
cho em.
--C---------------------------Am----------Dm-------------------G
Xa chng ta chung trng cng nhau kt hoa c hn, m
--C-----------------------Am-----Dm--------------------G----------------C-sao bng dng em li b qun hoa, qun tnh ti. Em vi ra i
-----------Am----------Dm------------------G------------------C
trong li bit thng nm vn tri qua dn, anh ch tin em.
------------------C-------------Am-------D----------------------G
K nim trong ti phai m gi em bc i theo chng,
----------------C------------Am-------Dm--------------G--------------------C
b li trong ti mt bng hh nh ni ln yu lng thm anh dnh cho em.
Cch Bm Hp m:

trng:C

R th:Dm

La th: Am

Son by: G7

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Bng Lng Tm
[Am]
[Dm]
Nh v mt thi trang sch p cnh hoa.
[G]
c [E7]
Nh tui hc tr bao c m.
[Am]
[Dm]
Nh chiu no nhau bc i trn sn trng xa.
[E7]
[Am]
Bng bng khung tnh n t bao gi.
[Am]
[Dm]
Thi gi ch cn bng lng tm trn sn.
[G]
c
[E7]
Mi tnh hc tr ri vt cnh bay.
[Am]
[Dm]
i chiu no cng nhau bc i trn sn trng xa.
[E7]
[Am]
c mong sao tnh n li mt ln.
[F]
[G]
[Dm]
[Am]
V nh i mt no lm sao xuyn lng ai.
[F]
[G]
[Dm]
[Am]
Mt thong nh ng ngng xoe trn i mt nhn ai.
[F]
[Am7]
[E7]
[Am]
V c mong mt ngy, mt ngy ta s bn nhau.

Bi: Nht k ca m
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Bao ngy M ngng [Am] bao ngy M trng [Em], bao ngy M mong [F]
con cho i [C],
p trong y lng [Am] , c chng ting ci [F] ca mt hi nhi [G] ang ln
dn [E]?
M cht tnh gic[Am] , v M nhn thy [Em] hnh hi nh b [F] nh thin
thn, [C]
Ting con khc o [Am] , mt M l nha [G] , cm n v con [F] n [G] bn
M [Am]...
Ny con yu i [Am] , con bit khng [Em] ? M yu con [F] , yu con nht i
[C] !
Ngm con ngoan [Am] nm trong ni [Em] , mt xoe trn [F or Dm7], i b
cng [G] !
Nhn Cha con [Am] , Cha ang rt vui [Em] , git nc mt [F] ln trn khe
mi [C] ,
Con hy nhn ka [Am] , Cha ang [G] khc v con. [Am]..

iu blue: Hn c n(nhp 2/4)

Cng thc: Bass 3 - (2/1) 3
(2/1) tc l chp 2 dy 1 v 2, tc l ta s gy 2 dy 1 v 2 cng 1 lc.
C [C] hn c n [G] xa xa
ng [Am] c sao [Em] mt mnh
Phi [F] chng cng tht [C] tnh
Ho [Dm] nim au vi ta [G].
[C] C ch gi bay ngang [G] qua
Kh [Am] nh vut mt tm [Em] hn mnh
Ny [F] cu trai tht [C] tnh
Bun [G] lm chi hi em [C]?
Do.
Verse 2:
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C git nc ri trn mi
Kh nh thm xt xa trong lng
Hnh nh nc cng bit rng
Nng xa cch ta
i git nc au thng kia i
Ch vi khc khin ta thm bun
V ta cng bit rng
Nng xa cch ta.
Do
Verse 3:
Khi ngi n quay lng ra i
Du cn cht vn vng trong lng
Th ngi yu i ta bit rng
Nng xa cch ta.
Ta m mt cht au thng thi
Giu tht kn mi trong tm hn
V ngi yu i ta bit rng
Nng s qun mt ta.
Cch bm hp m:
Fa trng: F c 2 cch bm.

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Son trng:G

Mi th :Em

C b ma ng
Tng cn gi [Am], kh v tnh [Em].
Chic l [F] la cnh, bung xung [C] lng
ng
Ngi nht nhng chic l [Am] ti nh
v [Em] ,
C b [F] ng yu ca ti [G].
Ma ng [Am] n em vn ci [Em].
Em c [F] mnh l , bng tuyt [C] ngoi
tri
c bay mi [Am] ln thin
ng [Em],
Mt thin [F] ng tuyt ri [E7].
Tuyt [Am] chng c u [Em] em i,

Ch c [F] ti bn cnh [C] em thi.

Ma ng n [Am] du khin em [Em] s
lnh,
ng lo [F] v cn ti y [G] ...
Bc [C] cng vi nhau [G],
Di cn ma [Am] phn rt lu [Em]
Ti nhn em [F], em mt [C].
Em khng ni [Dm] khin cho lng
ti [G] bi hi
Trong [C] ngn mt em [G],
Thy long lanh [Am] mun vng tuyt
ri [Em].
Mt ma ng [F] em ng [G],
Mt ma ng [Am] m m

iu slow surf (nhp 2/4)

Cng thc: Bass 3 2-3-1-3-2-3
Ch anh hiu em

-----------------------C----------------------------------G-Anh nh nhng ngy, m mnh cn bn cnh nhau.

--------------------Am------------------------------------Em
Tht p bit my khonh khc yu thng ny.
-------------------F------------------------------------C
Tht p bit my nhng lc ta va quen nhau.
------------------F-----------------------------G
Tht p bit my lc ta mi yu nhau.

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-----------------------C----------------------------------G-Khi i ta mi yu nhau thng hay mng m lm.

--------------------Am-----------------------Em
Mnh tng hn c s mi lun bn nhau.
-------------------F------------------------------------C
Mnh tng ha s mi khng bao gi xa cch ri.
------------------F------------------G
M nay gi y hai a hai ni.
-----------------------C------------------------------G-C bao gi em nh nh v anh nh ngy xa.
--------------------Am-----------------------Em
C bao gi em ngh ngh v anh by gi.
-----------------------------F--------------------C------------C bao gi em thy tht tic cho tnh yu ca i mnh .
-----------------------------F-----------------G-------V khi em gp ngi mi chc g hn anh.
-----------------------C------------------------------G
C bao gi em ngh khng ai hiu em bng anh.
--------------------Am-----------------------Em
Lc em cn nng nu trn b vai anh ny.
-----------------F---------------------------------C----------------Lc em cn ai m em tht lu t ng sau lng em ny.
--------------------F------- --------------------C--Ch anh mi bit, ch anh mi hiu c em.

Bi: Con ng tnh yu

C mt con ng (C) mang tn l tnh yu (G)
Khi ti bc mt mnh (Am) m nhng ni c n (Em)
m trong tng ln (F) gi thong... m trong tng ht (Em) ma bay
n y (Dm) tng ting nng sm mai, n khi ngn nh (G) sao ri trong
bng m
C mt con ng (C) mang tn l tnh yu (G)
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Mt ngy khi em n (Am) snh bc i cng ti (Em)

C nng m gia ma ng (F), c ting ht trong con tim (Dm) c n
by lu (G).
ip khc:
No ng u duyn s (C) em i vi ti mt on (Am) thi
Bng em xa khut dn (F) giu nc mt nghe c n em quay v (G)
V gi y thm ni (F) nh em... qun quanh m (G)
V gi ti khng mun (C) i tip con ng (Am) kia
Ngy em xa ti (F) gic m kia tan (G) ri
Ch c th yu em thi (Em) tnh ny trao ht em (Am) ri
V tng m ti vn (F) m v, on cui (G) con ng c em (C).

Gic m cha-mi (Chapi :v)

ni [Em] y ti [Em] thy trn ngn ni[G] cao
C hai [Em] ngi, ch c hai ngi [B7] yu nhau [B7] [Em]
H [Em] sng khng ma [Em] ng khng ma nng[G] ma
C mt [Em] ma, ch c mt ma [B7] yu nhau [B7] [Em]
ni [G] y n d trng[G] nhn nh quanh [Am] i
Mt mi tranh [Em] ngho mt nh [B7] sn yn vui[B7]
ni [G] y h ang sng[G] cuc sng yn [Am] bnh
Ai [Am] ngho cng c cy [Em] n cha [G] pi[G]
Khi rung [Am] ln vi si[Am] dy n ong [G] y hn [B7] ngi [Em] Raglai
i [C] Raglai nhng rng cy ngn ni mang ting [G] n Cha pi [Em]
Ai [C] yu t do yu rng xanh th ln ni nghe [G] n Cha pi [Em]
Ti [Am] yu Cha pi khng cn c n, khng [Em] bun, khng [Em] vui
Ti [Am] nghe Cha pi cht thy nao [C] lng v mt [B7] gic m, i Cha [Em] pi
[Em] Cha pi [C] , Cha [D] pi, [C] Cha pi, [D] Cha pi, [D] i Cha pi [Em]

Cch bm hp m:
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Si by:

B7

iu Disco Qut ch (4/4).

Cu trc: Xung ln (x) ln xung ln (x)
Vi (x) l ting p dy vo cn n nghe ting chat nh ting trng
Bi ht: V ti cng yu em
[C]
[Am]
[F]
[Em]
Ti yu xem mt cun truyn hay , ting chim ht u ngy ,v yu bin vng
[Dm]
[G]
[G7]
Ti yu ly c ph bui sng , con ng ngp l vng
[C]
[Am]
[F]
[Em]
Ti yu hng v tt ngy xa , mi tranh di hng da v yu tr th
[Dm]
[G]
[G7]
[C]
Ba cm canh c v iu thuc , gic ng khng mng m , v Ti Cng
Yu[Em]
[C]
[Dm]
V Ti Cng Yu[Em]
[E7]
[Am]
[F]
[G7]
V Ti Cng Yu[Em], yu em rn rng yu em nng nn

(Tng t nh on trn)
Ti yu i b di hng cy, vui vi bn b, v ly ru ngon.
Ti yu trong nh nhiu cy l, v yu nhng ngi gi.
Ti yu nhng g n t nhin, nhng cu ni thnh tht, v yu ngy nng.
Ti yu mc jean v o trng, yu trng sng ngy rm,v Ti Cng Yu Em.
[C]
[Dm]
V ti cng yu em
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[E7]
[Am]
[F]
[G7]
[C]
V Ti cng yu em , yu em rn rng yu em nng nn , yu em cha chan

Bi ht: Bi ca sa u nnh
Am
Dm
Ngy xa. em bn sa u nnh.
Dm
Am
Ngy xa em p chic xe mu xanh
Dm
Em ! Chnh em ngy xa
E7
Am
Bn sa u nnh em p chic xe mu xanh
(tng t)
Ngy nay em bn sa u nnh
Ngy nay em p chic xe mu xanh
Em! Chnh em ngy xa
Bn sa u nnh em p chic xe mu xanh
Ngy mai em bn sa u nnh
Ngy mai em p chic xe mu xanh
Em! Chnh em ngy mai
Bn sa u nnh em p chic xe mu xanh
Ri con em cng bn sa u nnh
Ri con em cng p chic xe mu xanh
i! con em cng nh th
Bn sa u nnh cng p chic xe mu xanh
Ri chu em cng bn sa u nnh

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(i tng hp m ti: http://hopamchuan.com/song/1601/truong-ca-sua-daunanh)

Ri chu em cng p chic xe mu xanh
i! chu em cng nh th
Bn sa u nnh cng p chic xe mu xanh
Ri cht em cng bn sa u nnh
Ri cht em cng p chic xe mu xanh
i! cht em cng nh th
Bn sa u nnh cng p chic xe mu xanh
Nh em ai cng bn sa u nnh
Nh em ai cng p chic xe mu xanh
i! C nh em nh th
Bn sa u nnh cng p chic xe mu xanh
Ri ti ca bn sa u nnh
Ri ti ca cng p chic xe mu xanh
i! Bi ca ch c th
Ht sa u nnh ri n chic xe mu xanh
Ri ca xong i ung sa u nnh
Ri ca xong i p chic xe mu xanh
i! Ti nng ch c th
Bn sa u nnh ri p chic xe mu xanh

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Bi 3: Nhc l-Gam ca mt bi ht
CC VN V GAM (SCALE)
Chc cc bn khng t ln c nghe: "Bi ny chi gam trng (C)
hay ging trng..." Vy "Gam l g?"
Khi nim: S sp xp m thanh ca iu thc theo th t cc qung hai i ln
t m ch (bc I) n m ch qung 8 tip theo gi l hng m ca iu thc
hay cn gi l GAM. Cc m hp thnh gam gi l cc bc. Mi gam trng
hoc th u c 7 bc c k hiu bng s La M.
phn trc chng ta c khi nim v qung. Qung 2 l khong cch gia
2 nt nhc lin k nhau (VD: C -> D; D -> E; E -> F..... khi ta ni: D l bc 2
ca C; E l bc 2 ca D; E l bc 2 ca F....) Nh vy xc nh bc ca mt
m no so vi m ch th ta bt u m t m ch (bc 1) n m cn xc
nh bc.
VD: m ch l C, cn xc nh G l bc my ca C ta s m: C (bc 1); D (bc
2); E (bc 3); F (bc 4); G (bc 5). Vy G l bc 5 ca C. Theo cch lm nh
vy ta s thy bc 8 ca C chnh l C nhng cao cao hn.
Ch : Cc bn cn ghi nh th t dy m v khong cch gia chng:
- Th t dy m: C (); D (R); E (mi); F (Fa); G (Sol); A (la); B (Si); tip theo
l mt qung 8 nh vy nhng cao cao hn.
- Khong cch :
C (do) D (re) E (mi) F (fa) G (sol) A (la) B (si)C(o)
Nh vy trong mt Gam s c 7 bc. Di y s l mt s v d c th (chng
ta s ly 2 gam trng (C) v La th (Am) phn tch cu to v trong 2
gam ny khng c cc du ha thng v ging)
VD1: Gam trng (m ch l C) s c cu to nh sau:
C (1) D (1) E (1/2) F (1) G (1) A (1) B (1/2) C
* Trong ngoc l khong cch gia cc nt nhc vi
- 1: k hiu cho 1 cung
- 1/2: k hiu cho 1/2 cung
Nh vy t gam C ta rt ra c quy lut ca gam trng t nhin s l:
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|1| 1| 1/2| 1| 1| 1| 1/2| (* ).y cng l qui tc m giai ca Gam trng.

T quy lut ( *) trn ta s phn tch c cu to ca tt c cc gam trng t
nhin khc. VD gam D (R trng). Trc ht ta vit ra dy hp m ca gam D:
(Bt u t m ch D, v kt thc m D cao cao hn mt qung 8):
|D|E|F|G|A|B|C|D|
Sau ta p quy lut (* ) vo dy m trn. C th:
- Ta thy D v E cc nhau ng 1 cung --> Gi nguyn
- E v F cch nhau 1/2 cung --> Nt F phi thng ln 1/2 cung ng theo quy
lut ( *) --> ta c nt F# thay v F
- F# v G cch nhau 1/2 cung --> gi nguyn.
- G v A cch nhau 1 cung --> gi nguyn.
- A v B cch nhau 1 cung --> gi nguyn.
- B v C cch nhau 1/2 cung --> Nt C phi thng ln 1/2 cung --> ta c nt C#
- C# v D cch nhau 1/2 cung --> gi nguyn.
Nh vy, dy m giai ca gam D l: D/E/F#/G/A/B/C#/D. C th thy trong
gam D c 2 du thng. y chnh l cch bn tm ra gam ca mt bn nhc
thng qua cc du ha u khung nhc.
Tng t nh vy, cc bn th thc hin cho cc gam trng khc
VD2: Ta s ly mt v d v gam th t nhin. Gam Am (La th)
Dy m ca gam Am: A (1) B (1/2) C (1) D (1) E (1/2) F (1) G (1) A
Vy quy lut ca gam th t nhin l: 1..1/2..1..1..1/2..1..1 (* *) y cng l
qui tc m giai ca Gam Th.
Ta s p dng quy lut (* *) phn tch cu to cc gam th t nhin khc. VD
gam Bm (Gam Si th)
Dy m ca gam Bm: B/C/D/E/F/G/A/B
Khi a quy lut (* *) vo ta s c m giai ca Bm l : B/C#/D/E/F#/G/A/B.
C th thy trong gam Bm c 2 du thng.
Gam song song.
- Qua cc v d trn ta c nhn xt: Gam C v Am cng khng c du ha
(# hay b), Gam D v Bm cng c 2 du ha (2 du #). Ngi ta gi l cc
cp gam song song. Vy 1 cp gam song song l mt cp gam trng v th
c cng du ha. K hiu: C//Am; D//Em v tng t vi cc cp khc.
C cc Gam song song nh sau:
a) B kho khng mang du ho (trong dy m ko c du # hay b g c):
Do trng ( C) v La th ( Am)
b) B kho mang du thng (#) :
1# (c 1 du #): Sol trng v Mi th
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2# : R trng v Si th
3# : La trng v Fa#th
4# : Mi trng v Do#th
5# : Si trng v Sol# th
6# : Fa# trng v Re# th
7# : Do# trng v La# th
c) B kho mang du ging :
1b : Fa trng v Re th
2b : Sib trng v Sol th
3b : Mib trng v Do th
4b : Lab trng v Fa th
5b : Reb trng v Sib th
6b : Solb trng v Mib th
7b : Dob trng v Lab th

V d: bi ht trn nhp cho ta bit nn chi iu g (nh valse hoc

boston.). u khung nhc c 1 du #.Nh vy n s c chi Gam G
hoc Em( Do y l 2 Gam song song) . bit c n chi gam g th nhn
vo nt cui cng ca bi ht l nt g th bi ht s c chi Gam .Nh v
d ny th nt cui l nt G nn s c chi Gam G.
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Tuy nhin ci ny(nhn bn nhc) nh kh t ng dng trong thc t.V

d:Khi ang ngu hng bi no bn ly ra chi th ly u ra ci bn nhc
nh trn.Hoc ra ngoi nh ht vs bn b th khng th no m lc no cng
mang c mt ng bn nhc i theo c..nn cn c nhng g mnh ni tip
sau y ng dng.
Hp m:
Hp m c bn c 3 nt, c tnh theo quy tc 1-3-5.
Cu to:
Hp m trng:
1: Nt gc, cng chnh l tn ca hp m
3: Nt qung 3 cch nt gc 2 cung.
5: Nt qung 5, cch nt qung 3 1,5 cung
Hp m th:
1: Nt gc, cng chnh l tn ca hp m
3: Nt qung 3 cch nt gc 1,5 cung.
5: Nt qung 5, cch nt qung 3 2 cung
Nh vy c th thy cu to Th v Trng ngc nhau.
VD: Hp m C (DO trng) gm c 3 nt:
1: C (do) chnh l nt gc
3: E (mi) cch nt gc C khong cch 2 cung
5: G (sol) cch nt E khong cch 1,5 cung
VD: Hp m Am (La th) gm c 3 nt:
1: A (La) chnh l nt gc
3: C () cch nt gc A khong cch 1,5 cung
5: E (Mi) cch nt gc A khong cch 2 cung
+ y l ci cn thit phi bit xc nh cc hp m trong mt Gam
m mnh sp ni sau y.
Cch xc nh cc hp m trong Gam
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 phn ni v Gam mnh cp ti vn cch xc nh cc nt m

giai trong Gam.
V d: Cc nt trong m giai Gam D v d trn l:
D- E-F#-G-A-B-C#-D.
Nh vy bi ht chi D th trong bi s c cc hp m E,F#,G,A,B,C# nhng
quan trng l phi bit cc hp m l th hay trng.Th xc nh cn
nm vng qui tc cu to hp m.
Hp m E:Nt gc l E nt qung 3 ca E l G v qung 5 l B.
G cch E 1,5 cung.B cch G 2 cung.Do hp m E s l Em.
Hp m F#: Nt gc l F#, nt qung 3 ca F# l A Qung 5 l C#.
A cch F# 1,5 cung, C# cch A 2 cung .Do y s l hp m F#m
Tng t cho cc hp m cn li.Cc hp m cho Gam D l:
D G A -Bm Em F#m
V mt cch n gin gn ng nhn vo dy m giai th v tr 1-4-5 s l
hp m trng.2-3-6 s l hp m th.
V p dng 6 hp m ny bi ht c x l 99%.
Tng t cc bn th t mnh xc nh cc hp m cho cc Gam cn li v
so snh vi kt qu sau nh:
trng La th.
(2 Gam song song,tc l bi ht c chi trn
C hay Am th s xut hin cc hp m i km nh sau)
C - F - G -Am Dm Em
R trng Si th
D G A-Bm Em F#m
Mi trng thng th
E A B-C#m F#m G#m
Fa trng R th
F Bb C-Dm Gm Am
Sol trng Mi th
G C D-Em Am Bm
La trng Fa thng th
A D E-F#m - Bm C#m
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Si trng Sol thng th

B E F#-G#m C#m D#m
Tuy nhin do v m giai th c nhiu loi nh m giai t nhin,m giai ha
m nn do cc bn c th thy mt s bi ht n s c thm mt s
khc bit.V d:mt s bi chi Am th theo qui tc trn th s xut hin
Em (v d bi :C b ma ng).Nhng nu theo m giai ha m th s l
E.Nn mt s bi ht nh :Bt cht 1 tnh yu,Em i H Ni Ph.s l E
ch ko phi Em.

Mt s vng ha m c bn trong m ht:

CC HP M TRNG:
C_Dm_Em_F_G7_Am
D_Em_F#m_G_A7_Bm
E_F#m_G#m_A_B7_C#m
F_Gm_Am_Bb_C7_Dm
G_Am_Bm_C_D7_Em
A_Bm_C#m_D_E7_F#m
B_C#m_D#m_E_F#m_G#m
---------CC HP M TH:
Cm_Eb_Fm_G7_Ab_Bb
Dm_F_Gm_A7_Bb_C
Em_G_Am_B7_C_D
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Fm_Ab_Bbm_C7_Db_E
Gm_Bb_Cm_D7_Eb_F
Am_C_Dm_E7_F_G
Bm_D_Em_F#7_G_A

Nhng v c bn cc kt qu nh trn x l c 99% bi ht ri.

t hp m vo bi ht ra sao,ch no,hp m g??
Nu nm vng l thuyt cn bn m nhc th ch cn nhn vo cc nt trong mi
nhp l cng bit ngay nhp y thuc hp m g? Tuy nhin do vn bn
nhc dnh cho dn chi nghip d nh chng ta l khng cn thit.(nh mnh
ni trn).Trong trng hp hc m n cp tc ny th ch cn cch l phi
m nh sau :
Bt u vi ch m ca bi ht, sau nghe theo giai iu ca bi ht
cm nhn lc no th chuyn v chuyn qua hp m g trong Gam v
phi m bo ng nhp.Ban u c m nh ln xem hp m no th hp
l.Ci ny cc bn phi tp nghe nhc nhiu nhn bit.V nu chi nhiu
th nhng bi nhc Vit rt hay i theo vng Canon.(C-G-Am-Em-FC-Dm-G.) Hoc i theo mt vng xc nh no ,chi nhiu cc bn s
bit.

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Hp m Ukulele

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1 vi hp m Guitar c bn:
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Hp m guitar (kh FULL)

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