+ Git l phn mm qun l m ngun phn tn c pht trin bi Linus

Torvalds dnh cho vic pht trin Linux kernel. Git l phn mm m m c phn
phi theo giy php cng GPL2. Git c kh nng chy trn nhiu h iu hnh
khc nhau nh Linux, Windows, Mac OSX.
+ Repository (nh kho) hay c gi tt l Repo n gin l ni cha/c s
d liu (database) tt c nhng thng tin cn thit duy tr v qun l cc sa i
v lch s ca d n. Trong Repo c 2 cu trc d liu chnh l Object Store v
Index. Tt c d liu ca Repo u c cha trong th mc bn ang lm vic
di dng folder n c tn l .git (khng c phn tn trc du chm).
+ Object store
Object store l tri tim ca Git, n cha d liu nguyn gc (original data
files), cc file log ghi chp qu trnh sa i, tn ngi to file, ngy thng v cc
thng tin khc.
Git c 4 loi object l:Blobs, Trees, Commits, Tags
- Blobs: l file nh phn c th cha c mi loi d liu bt k l d liu
ca chng trnh g.
- Trees: lp i din cho thng tin th mc nh thng tin nh danh ca blob,
ng dn, cha mt t metadata cha thng tin cu trc v cc th mc nh c
trong th mc .
- Commits: Cha metadata c thng tin v mi th nh tn tc gi, ngi ti
ln (commiter), ngy ti ln, thng tin log...
- Tags: nh du cho d c. thy v 1 ci tn di nh l
9da581d910c9c4ac93557ca4859e767f5caf5169, chng ta c th tn tag l Ver-1.0Alpha. D nh v d s dng hn.
+ Index: l file nh phn ng v tm thi miu t cu trc th mc ca ton
b Repo v trng thi ca d n c th hin thng qua commit v tree ti mt
thi im no trong lch s pht trin. Git l mt h thng truy tm ni dung
(content tracking system). Index khng ha ni dung file m ch dng truy tm
(track) nhng th m bn mun commit.

+ ADB l g? ADB, l cch gi ngn gn ca Android debug bridge, bn c

th hiu y l mt cng c gip bn s dng cc dng lnh giao tip vi in
thoi Android ca bn. Mt khi bn ci t ADB, v Android c kt ni vi
my tnh thng qua USB, bn c th g lnh s dng Android ngay trn my
tnh.
Vi ngi dng bnh thng, ADB thng dng flash hay root Android,
thm ch cn c dng chuyn d liu t my tnh vo Android vi quyn
root.
+ AOSP l g? AOSP, l vit tt ca cm t The Android Open Source
Project, dch ra Ting Vit th n l D n M Ngun M Android hay y l
phin bn Android nguyn bn nht c to ra bi Google. y cng chnh l
cha ca rt nhiu ROM ch khc c cc hng sn xut in thoi, hoc
ngi dng ti v v chnh sa theo h, nh Samsung th lm ra TouchWiz, HTC
th lm ra Sense cn Oppo th lm ra ColorOS.
Mt ROM Android gc ca d n AOSP ch vo khong 200 300 MB,
nhng sau khi qua tay cc nh sn xut ROM th n s nng ti khong vi GB :D.
C ngha l nu bn s dng c bn ROM Android gc th my s chy rt
nhanh, mt m nhng c th mt i nhiu th hay ho c nh sn xut nh km
theo.
+ Bootloader l g? Hiu mt cch n gin, Bootloader c tc dng tng t
nh vi BIOS/UEFI trn my tnh ca chng ta. Khi bn nhn nt khi ng
Android, iu u tin n lm chnh l chy Bootloader. Sau khi Bootloader c
khi ng xong, n s load tip Recovery hoc Kernel my, v cui cng mi l
load ROM (H iu hnh).
Mi my Android khi sn xut u b nim phong bng cch kha bootloader,
tc bn khng th nghch ph g y nu khng s dng cc phn mm chuyn
dng t nh sn xut, chng c tc dng kim tra nim phong my ca bn.
+ Dalvik l g? Khi bn flash ROM cho Android, bn phi thc hin vic xa
Dalvik Cache. c th hiu c ngha ca iu ny, bn cn phi bit Dalvik
l g.

Dalvik l trnh bin dch Java trn Android, hiu theo cch n gin n l
chnh l th c bn nht gip phn mm c th chy trn Android. V d, APK
chnh l nhng phn mm Java c vit ring cho Android, m Android mun
chy Java th cn phi c Dalvik c chng. Dalvik l mt trnh bin dch Java
cc k thn thin vi Android, c Google s dng trn cc h iu hnh Android
mi nht ca h, trc y th Google s dng mt trnh bin dch khc, gi l
ART.
Dalvik Cache l b nh ca Dalvik, n duy tr nhng dng code Java khi
Android x l. Nu bn khng xa Dalvik Cache, th Dalvik s gp rc ri trong
vic x l code Java trn ROM mi.
+ Deodex l g? Deodexed ROM l tp hp ca tt c file APK v OS c
bin dch v sp xp di 1 file duy nht, gi l classes.dex. V tt c code u
nm trong 1 file duy nht nn s d dng hn trong vic ty chnh ROM. Thnh ra
Deodex rt c a chung bi cc bn mod ROM, cc lp trnh vin chuyn to
ROM.
Tuy vy, cc code ny u cn thm thi gian bin dch li trn Dalvik.
+ GAPPS l g? Khi flash ROM, bn s thng bt gp cm t GAPPS, v
h thng yu cu bn flash file GAPPS trc khi flash ROM. V sao vy?
GAPPS l file cha ton b nhng ng dng ca Google trn Android, nu
in thoi bn khi ng m khng c nhng ng dng ny th bn s khng th
dng GPS, khng th ng b d liu, khng th dng ti khon Google ni
chung l tt c nhng th c lin quan ti Google .
Mi phin bn Android li s dng mt file GAPPS ring, thng bn s
c cung cp link download GAPPS khi lm theo cc hng dn flash ROM,
nhng nu h khng cp n n th bn vn c th dng ng dng Gapps
Manager ti file GAPPS thch hp vi my bn.
+ Kernel l g? Ni v Kernel, th Kernel khng phi l th m ch mi in
thoi Android mi c. V c bn, y l lp nm gia my v h iu hnh. Mi
h iu hnh nh Windows, Mac, iOS u c Kernel ca ring mnh.
in thoi Android s dng Linux Kernel, hay cn gi l Nhn Linux. Mi
khi phn mm mun giao tip vi phn cng, n u phi thng qua Kernel, k c

nhng thay i nh nh tng volume hay cao hn l gi in, tt c chng u phi

thng qua Kernel.
Mi ROM khc nhau li s dng Kernel khc nhau, ty theo cu trc ca h
iu hnh.
+ Odex l g? V mt k thut, thut ng ny kh kh c th gii thch v
c th hiu, nhng y l Toonima, v y l bi dnh cho ngi mi nn mnh c
th m t Odex theo cch khc bn d hnh dung hn.
Tm gn v Odex ch trong mt cu: Odex l trnh bin son trc ca file
.dex. Tc file ny c ti u ha chy trn Dalvik.
Odex ROM chnh l ROM c ti u ha, do n mt t thi gian hn
khi ng v ngc li file ROM cng s kh chnh sa hn sau khi c ti
u ha.
+ Custom Kernel?
Bn phi root mi s dng c custom kernel. Xem v root ti y. Nh
backup mi th trc khi lm mi th.
Custom kernel cho php bn iu khin c xung nhp CPU, GPU do
cho php bn qun l xung nhp tt hn (gim xung khi sleep my, tng xung khi
bt my) do thi lng pin s tt hn.
Lm tng m lng loa, cho php m kha m khng chm n phm
cng....
i km vi nhiu phn mm m developer cung cp, cho php can thip
vo my su hn. Nng cao im benchmark ca thit b.
Custom kernel ph bin: Franco kernel, infamous kernel...
Bn mun tm kernel cho my ca bn. Bn vo trang forum.xdadevelopers.com sau g tn thit b ca bn vo, vo phn kernel tm hoc phn
Android Original Development.
Vy l cc bn hiu thm v kernel hy n xem cc bi vit sau nh.