14.4 Differentiability and Tangent Planes (LT Section 15.4) Preliminary Questions 1. How isthe ncarzaton of fx, 9) a,b) deine? SOLUTION The icarization off) at (a,b) isthe Tinea fonction Lay) ab) + fl. d= 2) + Slay ~B) ‘This funtion she equation of the tngent plane tothe surfice = f(y) at (ab, 0.6). 2 Desine local Iie fo foetons of tw variable SOLON f(x) is oclly Hear at (a2) if F05,)) Ley) =e Wee OOF focal 9) nan pen ik D coming (0) whee) isis fm, In Bxercioes 3-5, assume tar 123) LOAD=5, — f0,3) ‘3. Which of @)-() isthe ineazaton of Fat 2,3)? @ Lo 84 5047 ©) Le.) = 8450-2) 479-3) SOLUTION The lineatzain off t (2,3) the folloing linear nein: Le» 34+ LONE=2+HEI9—3) ‘Thats, LG,9) = 84566 =2)419=3) = 23458479 ‘Te function in (isthe comet enswex, 4, Baimate 2.3.0. souuTiog Wet the near approximation Fath b= fob) + ola, BDh Hla. De 1-3=0..Thea, Wee (a,b) = 2,3). =k JQ3.D% FOI4 fx2,3)-04 f2,3)-0. We get the estinaon 72, 3.1) = 8.7, S. Estimate Af at, 3) A = 03 and SOLUTION The change inf cat be estimated by the linear approximation s flows AS * Li@, BVA Jylasdvay AF F403) (03) + fy,3)-02 4047-01-87 af =5-(-03)+7-02=—01 ‘The estmsed change is Af & (6, Which tons lows us to conclude that (9) SOLUTION The funeion f(x,y) = 2898 isa polynomial, beoe f(t, 9) and f(y) exis and are continous ‘Therefore the Citron for Dies impli that fs dflrenable everywhere. Brercses.—==S~SOS~*~*~<“CSSSSSSSSS 88 isierenale? 3 faaxyto, Dd outros The equton ofthe tangent plane at, 1) 2 fO,04 £2, DE-2452,09-0 0 ‘We comput th vues of f ands paial derivatives a2, 1): foyerrtsy? (0.026 fe dedyty = KQN=s HeI=243y7 — H21)=10 ‘We noe ste ths values in (1) oobi the following equation ofthe tangent plane: +58 —2)+109—1) sr Wy 14 + 10y 14f 12, Find the pins onthe phot z= 332+ 8)~! where the tangent planes paleo 2¢ +79 422 soLomi0s Te equton of the gent plane atthe pin (f(b) onthe graph of = fs, 3) is E= HOD Habe a)+ flab fu(0,1)ie~0) fla. YQ —b)—2+ f10,0) ‘Therefore the flloming vector noma the plane: Ve (flr, fa,b),—I) We compat the paral derivatives ofthe fneton z= 29-489: fe n= 2, falas) LCE) = 398899, flab) = 308? — 20-2 ert, te ectr = (7205-6, -1) ono te tnt le at (2 Fortwo pln pal, ‘eve van spel The cavern mal eco heisn = 27,2) The flowing aml Bast? re 5/2 We comput the -coaenate ofthe pint . Sy esey te? cor ecp tae ‘The ino the pap a wih he gerne pos +7942 = 0 14, Wittens approsimation to f(r, 3) = x(1+9)" 14,8) Sa+,b+K) = f(a,b)-+ fla, Bh fyl0,0)k 1) a the on se ittoctimate 3 and compare with he vale obeined sing acaleuloor. sour Netneompe het) = 10-9 np eae 8 = Hesynnteyy! 9! sme haa nnesy! = pred fe N=? = HOD= es fothienmeetinn o ‘Toestmate 284 = 72Phy we scth = 7.98 ~ 8 = ~0.02, = 1.02— 1 = 0.02 inthe equation above to obtain 109,102 = 23844 Nene —2000)=395 ‘The acta abe 198 258 — sos3%, Automobile uae pases point P ona rsd of with w tat an average rte of R vehicles pe second. Although the arival of atomobies is iregulr, ale engineer ave found that he vee ming fine onl ee & BaP in feof at esr secon is approximately 7 =e! seconds, Apedesrian walking seed of'3.5 Us 61 mp0) 1/33 5 este ud, Tharos he avrg ne th esa wi have fo wal efor sig 3 (o3.He0AI3 {) Whatis the poesian'’s average wating ine i w =25 land R = 02 vehicle pr second? (©) Use the liner approximation to estimate the increase in wang nei w is nreased 927 (6) Esme the wating time ihe widths inceasd to 27 Nand decreases 00.18, (@ Wiat isthe ate of increase in waiting time pe It ncrease in width when we second? () Weare given thatthe average time the pedestian wil ave to wat fora -econd sp nts 101 and R= 0:3 vebicle per cw, R= ges Sen R= Subst he values w = 25 and 12, wean 25 (2802)85 9.298 seconds £105,02)= Fret 2938 second (0) The ins approximation at (w, R) = (25,02), AS % fi25,02) 00+ fr25,02)0R o ‘We compat th paral derivatives Using the Prods Rule and the Chain Re we have (ers ucotns 33 foo.®) ‘By te Chain Rae we get fo, Rm gh, Srl, B= zs Ate point (25,02) we have $025.02) 29; fn(25,02) = 2129 ® Subsiutng these deivatves, Aww = 27 ~25 =, and Ar in (1) we ge ay=29:2=58 ‘Anincreas of2 aw cases an ners of 8 reson in wing time () Wesbutte the dsvatives in (2) with Aw = 2and Ar = 0.18 0:2 = ~0.02n the ner approximation (1 cin af =29.2-2129.002% 154 ‘Tati he wating ime is ncresed by approximately 1.54 secoods. Using pat (a the estimated wating ine 105,02) + 154% 298-4 1.54 = 31.3 seconde (4) Thea of increase in wenting time pe one fot nreasein with, when w the derivative obaied in par) we ae and R = 03,8 $600.03). sng earn (142) a coo 2% (142) ~nss14.5 The Gradient and Directional Derivatives (LT Section 15.5) Preliminary Questions 1, Wihichof the follosing isa possible value ofthe gradient Vf ofa fnction f(x, 9) of wo vaibles? ws ©) G4) © 8.43) SOLUTION The gradient of f(x, 9) a vector with Io components, bene the posse vate ofthe grant Vf = (i. 5)e 2 Thu fae? Aiferesable function increases a tert Vf nthe deton of fp SoLUTION The statement iste. The valve [Vp] ether of ire off in he diection Vf. 4 Desert the to main geomet properties ofthe gratia V7. Souerion The gradient off points inthe dieson of maximum rte of sree of fans normal tothe level carve (Cesarace off 4. Youare standing ata point where he temperature radon vector point in the northeast (NE) erst. a which zetia} sould you wale wo avis change intemperate? (NE o nw (@ 88 @ sw SOLUTION “Thereof change ofthe temperature T a point inthe erection font vector wis the dieeona ‘ervative DgT(P), which given by the formals DuT(P) = 1 fphoost ‘To avoid change intemperate, we mst chose the dzection ws that Dy7'(P) =O, tits cox@ = 0,500 = or 8 = & Since the gradient at P is pining NE, we sould walk NW op SE to avoid a change in temperate Tas the answot is (and.2 Let f(x,y) =e ande(s) = F140. @ cau acin 0) tte cnn Pas waaay, (Wc econ) wl te Cn ht be pep) (Wet oe pi deat 9): ‘The rae vectors thus Ditecnainge = (2,12 camponsnnte, webin om (#0407) 62,9 (6) Wetind $F (e0)) using the Cain ales the results of part (a). This gives af dr, 4 yee a eae EE + ZF - 00-28 462-1 ‘To wit the answer in eos of only, we substte x = and a Sree Lee This ives ae ahetet Eyeanmarnd st a2 cet (@ Wesubstinte x = 2, y = 1-1 f¢e,9) = 2 w obi he compose function f(t) Feet) mee ‘We now diene the compote fton cin 4 4 ony etsadyint drteon= Se) = 08 +4 ‘This ret gree with teres obtsinedn par (a. 3. Fig 1 sows th evel carves of fincton x, ) and path), averse in he detonated, State ‘weer the derivative (6) is postive, nega, or 0a points A-D. FIGURE 14 Souvtox Ati Aad. pti peri eget ce he cna is, hich meas hat sng te pat) he fnetion J, emportcomtn a te irate 7) ea Aoi, path ‘ovig om igh coisr 10) os lover = 20 toe eae hepa Ne Po Cw Be Pathove ome otro 10 twas ota eval, te eae pase,138, A bug located at (3,9,4) begins walking in a night ine toward (3, 7,3) At what ri the bus temperature ‘hanging ifthe temperature is Ts, y,2) = 26?"*? Units awn meters and degrees Cisos. ‘souvrion The bugis walking na sright ie fom the point P = @,9,4) towards Q = (5,7, 3) ence there of change inthe temperature is the directional derivative inthe direction of v = PO. We frst normalize v to aban Flan(5-39-9.-)= 0,-2.1 a =4a2,-1 Wi vere 3% J Vesper 39) 20H 8.9.4: at aT OT) pest ert, pe, orm (MB foe a0 04 YT = 4 ,3,-3) =F 13,3) ‘Therate of chang ofthe huss empath string point P ie the dieconlderivaive Dasha tragg-enet,-a-ba-2 ‘The answers 4947 degrees Cebus pr mater ‘34. The emperae action (x, 9) Te) = 0 Geconds), bog aves longa cle temperate changing atime = ¥/3 20 + 0.12 — 29) (degrees Cel). Binning a (200, 0 sme ‘aio 200 em centre the rs st sped oS ls How ft the soLUTION Fist we sould parametie the circle the bg walking slong FC) = (200061, 200sin1}.0 <1 < 2x ‘Tent = 5/3 then = 100 ad y = 1009/3, Next we need casi the velocity econ t ro) Now to normalize ve bane We lo need to compte the grant of T(r, y) = 2040.12 xy) ato x/3 (ox 100, y = 10005: feel a, (02x~0y,-04) 20100) ~0.1100¥4,. 0.1400) = (20— 10V3.—10) (38 he detiona deat YT a00,10005) ‘Then these of hang ofthe buys temperate at the poi + 0-105, 1} -( 3,3) = 10 1ovS—aa2 Daf te13)= Mensen Sot empora is changing t-732 depres Casas er second 35, Suppose that V fp = (2,44). Is ficreasng or deseasing at P inthe erection v= (2, 1,317 SoLUTION We compute the desivative off at P with espectto¥ Def (P)=Vfp-¥= 2.44) 1,3) 44h Dm 12> 0 Since the derivative is postive, fi nceasing at Pia he drei of»(50. Find a finction f(x, y,2) such that V SOLUTION The following equality most bo fev} ws ) (oe) Thais, Pa a af y ar wae (One of he fanetons ht aise these equalities is Lahaye Ssaim pte bts by 56, Finds uni vector tht normal othe src ¢2 — 2s — y* = 16 at P = (2, 2,8) that points nthe direction of the xy-pane Gin oter words, youve in the deton of, you will evenly cs the = pane) SOLUTION The gaint vector Wfp is norma the surface f(e, 9,3) = 2 ~ 2x4 y= 16. P. We find hs (64, 32,16) J=bP-97.2) = viaan =(82,-4-23.2.3) “Wenormaize to ohtsin unit vector noma othe src: Vir (-64,~32,16) WI Ieee 1h ‘Tere are wo unit norma the surfaces Pay, ‘We sed fnd the normal ht pins inthe det ofthe plane. Since he pot P ‘he normal we ned has agave component. Hence, 22,8) sabove the xy pane, ae) wa ‘57. Suppose inthe previous exec, that pal asd tthe pint P= (2, 2,8) travels toward the xplane fn the ‘Gzecton normal othe race. (@) Through which pont Q onthe 2y-lene wl he price pas? (©) Suppose the aes are carted in centimeters. Determine he path () of the parle iit aves ta constant speed ‘of 8 cms. How log wl tke the particle to eth (@) The parle uavels long the lne hough P m (2,2, 8) in th diction A, 2,1). The vce parametrization of ttisine fe HO) = 2.2.8)4116.2,-1) = @44,24208—0) o ‘We must find the pont whee this ie eure the y-pline At thie plate zconponent i ro Hence, B10 + tee Subsiuting = Bin (1) we obtain FB) = 244-8,242-8.0) ‘The price wil pas though the point Q = (24, 18,0) on the x: plane 24,18,0) () Iv sa direction vostor ofthe Hine P, 9 that IV] = 8, the following prametzation ofthe lve bas constant speed 22.2840 ). Inthe previo exec, we found the nit vetorm = oh (2. |, bain he following parametrization othe ine: (Ti Nas spec 8 boca Te = I erefre we we the destin very = n= 85,2, 5 329g tg enn 0.2841 Seana les Bas nso) “ofnd the tine ete forthe price ech canes sng, we fn conpute he dss FD: Fo = (6097 08-2 O~ 0 = VI = BVT “The tine needed is thas14.6 The Chain Rule (LT Section 15.6) Preliminary Questions 1. La fs.9) ay, wheres = vad y (@) What ie rary evates off7 (0) Wontar te indepen vals? (a) Tho rimarydcvves of fare Bf and (0) The inept vases und 08 wc xa y pet ‘In Questions 2 a3, suppose shat fu, ») = ue", where = rs ond rts, 2 The compost fonction f(a) fel @ net () re Go ree SoLUTION The compose faction u,v) is obtained by replacing w and vi the formal for fe, 0) byte cone ‘ponding functions w= rs andy =r +1. This gives Flats). 08) ale eNO? rset Answer (asthe conect answer ‘3. Whats the valve of fw, 9 at 8) Lan souumion Wecompute snd vo reat he pit 8) an: wQ.=t 1 wd yertia2 Subatiating in (4) we get i 4. According tthe Cen Re freq to choose the corel anes) wae af a8 ara oy © Sart iis oy ier * ay ar souumion Fora function f(x») where ts as ven ino). Ta, e 5, Suppose tat x,y, ae functions ofthe independent variables uw, Which ofthe following terms appear i the Chain eapeton ou? wy 38 oe @ ie © orae © gwar © ibe SOLUTION By the Chain Rule, the ervatine 3 is Moan, a ty, oe Ge bea0 Sy be * Be Tarte (9 thoy comet nee 6 With pation sin te previ question, des vse inthe Cn Ral expression for 8/3 SOLUTION The Chin Rue expression for is ‘The dvivaive 9 does not apear in ierentitngf wih respect tothe independent vr Exercises8 Ei pna treed yauty Sour Wee flowing se Step 1. Compute the primary derivatives. The primary drvatves of f(x,y) = 22+)? ae OF agen fi Bareertrsay o Sep 3, gress noverin tems of wand. Westie x me ad y= vin tin Ln rerverte p24 yy =2(2e™ 4440) AS, 4/2 at 0) = 0.1), where as, 9) a= yx met coe, y SOLUTION The primary deivaives of gy) = x2 y2 ae We ind and 2: 2 ony, Been re 8 neon env m2 ccne 580) @ We determine 9) for (a2) = 1 y= sin! =n inal, we subsite (a, ») = an the following derivative: 1) and (x, 9) = (6s sn 1) 2) an se the dey coe a — sin? = cos 2a, 0 a ml = 26! (ott si?) =2-c002-1 = 2002 =) ‘3. Late = (5,92) and eg = #/ fe. Show tat fasten f(s, 9,2) = cexiginr = rl = Vet ryEH EE then (depend only onthe distance fo the eros a SOLUTION The gradient off isthe allowing voter ora (2,220 ae ye ‘We nme hs ctr tems fans he Chan as, ve 8 rot ern F oh oF) ag eg = PE POR eae ? ptt » » Lo rete Prepare ay Oy PO Tae 7 8 pte 4 : POR FO Tara PO; Hence,cles (n constant) are eae ‘7. The peste P vole V, ad tempers To van dx Was gas win moles (none the equation (r=9) omen where and Rar constant Calvlte P/O and 3/2 sone Lat Fbe te following fnstion: Few (r=92) em =aRT By EG, o ‘We compute he parti daivatives of F ar od oF Ed a) p20 ont BF aay Ay —ny+ (P+) = Pa a av nb aR Substing in 1 ves mvs —v4 PV 2a =a 14.7 Optimization in Several Variables (LT Section 15.7) Preliminary Questions 3 The fonctions f(s 3) = 22+» and g(x, 5) = 3? — ? both have cal pitt (0,0) How sth behavior of ‘th two fonton i he eral pint difecent? SOLUTION Let f(s.y) = 22+)? ad g(x,y) = x2 ~ y2 Inthe dain R2, the pial desivaives of fonda fends fin=2% Nya, hyd by feet, a= 2, gy =-2y, ‘Therefore, fe = fy = O at 0,0) and ge = & is the origin Sine the dsrninant of fi B fh gy a0 0 at (0,0). Thats, tbe wo functions have one titi poi, which 4 > 0, Yer > 0, al the disciminnt of @ ie D = —4'< 0, f at ‘loca minimum (wich aso global minimum atthe ergn, where ¢ basa sale pl there Meove: ice slim, 20.) = oo nd im. gC. 0) = 00, doesnot have sab exrena onthe pane, Silay, does na ven ‘lobe maximum bu does havea gibal mina, whichis J(0,0) = 0. ‘pi 1, 2011V8 CHAPTER 16 1 DIFFERENTIATION IN SEVERAL VARIABLES. (7 CHAPTER 26) 2, Ie te pins indicated in the contour map as oa mining, oc maxis, sae pois or ihe ge 15 FiQURE 15, souumiow If f(P) isa ocl minimum or maximum, thn the nay eel carves re closed cares ening Pin Figure (C),fiseses in al directions emsnting fom P and decreases inal ston emanating tom Q. ences f ‘asa Toa! minim at Pan lca anit. InFigue (A) the level curves ough the point consist of two iterscing lines te divide the neighborhood near int four regions. fis decreasing in some ctios and increasing noe iretons. Therefor, ia wade ot Figure (A) Point Sin Flgue (8) neither cal extremum nora sd poi of f Flgue ) 3. Lt f(x,y) beaconinuoos function on a domain D in RZ, Determine which of the following staements ar tvs (@) ID is closed and bounded then takes on a maxima value on D. (©) IF ic ster closed oor bounded then F doesnot ak on 2 maxima value of D. (© J(2,y) need nothavea maximum vale on the dota D deed by 0 =x < 1,0 ¢y <1 (4) A contiuous funtion takes 09 neither a minimum no & mama vale on the open quadrant (eng)ex> 0,9 >0) (a) This statement ise. follows bythe Theorem on Existence of Global Extrema () The sateen is false. Consider the consent fnsion f(r) = 2 the foloning dn: ‘oil 19,2011SECTION 147 1 Optimization n See Vaiss (LT SECTION 15.2) 181, Da(9):0<2 21,029 <0) bvouly i continous and Dis ier coed nor bounded. However, f isk om& mau value ich 2) (€) The omain D= (Us, 9) :0'< 3, = 1) nthe following rectangle: DeleayO2ny21) Disclosed and bounded ence f takes ona mama vale on D, Ths the statment sae, (@) The samen is fate. The constant fureion, snd £0.9) = ¢tkes on minim and masimum valves onthe open 5. Let fin.y)= 92 = ys? bay. (@) Show that thecal pins x, sty the equations YOWR+N =O, xQy-z4 0 () Show hat f bas four etic pas (6) Use the seoond derivative to determine the nature of he iil pnts, (0 Tec pi eno Bee en 6,9) =O 9) =O T fea P2yetye0 tes D=0 fyle)=2yn— Peo 7 xOy-4 =O (0) Wend epi by sling te quan bind apt): yo-2re d= © xOy-x4D=0 @ Equation (impish y =O ory ~ 1 Substiuingy = in @) and solving foxx ies sExsN=0 3 x20 of xa1 We disin he selon (0,0) nd (1,0) We now subsite y = 2s ~ 1 in 2) and salve for x We get x@r-2-x4)=0 xGr-1) ‘We compat the y coordinate, sig y =2e — We bin te ston (,—1) ant (J, 4) To soaring te cil point ar, (0), Daan ($8. ‘Tas oft i pois hav ett on core, ne sw rower rine (©) We comps eon re il devs Lr | fate.= Lota y= ay 2 Inte sim Beagrie | ‘gi 18,2011‘Theiscrimian ie Dos.9)= fiadyy ~ fy 29-28 ~ Oy 2x4 18 = ty Oy 244 ‘Wenow apply he Second Deve Tex. We int compte th criminal pons: 0,0) =-1<0 DU,0)=-1<0 0,-1)=-1<0 Te Seo esate Testing ha hep (0 1,0), 1 eae pins nd (J.-J) aoe B. fix,y)=x=y? Ine +») ‘Step 1. Find the critical points. We set the partial derivatives of f(x, y) =x — y® — In(x+ y) equal to zero and solve. 1 Lpleg) = -2y— Ses dm EEF ‘The fst equaton implies hat; = 1, Subst in he second equation gives aio + 2y ‘We mast y= —f nthe firs equation and salve for ad ‘We obtain here point (3,~1)-Noses hat atoagh fx nd fy done whee + hese re ot ered oinssince fis at defined a these pins, ‘Step2. Compute te discriminant. We compat the second-order paral deiaives: foto $ (Ih )= oe os ‘Step Apply the Second Derivative Test. We ave G-)-3S. Find the maximum of Soypaatynat= 2 oay onthe square, 0 = x <2,0.< y <2¢Figue2. (4) Fist oct the ciel point of fin the aguas, and evaluate fat this poet ©) On te botom edge of the spac, y= O and a, 0) = x ~ 22. Find th ertume values off o the boom eg (6) Find the extreme values of fon the remaining edges. (@) Find he argest among the vals compte in), 8), and (0, | Beye ft ig a0? FIGURE 21 The fonton f(z, 3) = x-+y—x2 ~ 2 — xy onthe boundary segments ofthe sqare Osxs20zye2 (4) To find the cra! points, we ok at he ist onder partial desivaives sete to ad solve: Flee I~2— ye 0, fyle,y)=1—2y-¥ 20 ‘Thies y = 1~ 2 and x = 1— 29, sag sano we ee y = 1/3 and x = 1/3 The rea pis 0/3, 1/3), subsequently, (1/3, 1/3) = 1/3, ” “6 wens aa (©) Toind he exreme pons of /(,0) = x ~ weak he fist desivative an sei elo 2x0 ad soe: £00) am ‘Thos the extreme ale onthe bot edge ofthe squares £0720) (0, Now ond the extreme valor on the ther edges of he square st letus se = 02 f(0,9) =~ y Taking he ist eivatv and sting equal 10 gives ws SO.Ya1~2y =O. ym IP ‘Tecefore the extreme vale along x = Os f(0, 1/2) = 1/4. 12-1 Take the it derivative ond sting equal 0 ives (G2 21209 HI Bis V2.2 = ~7H4 21y — yak theft derivative and soting a to gives wx sa» 2is 10,17) = ~T14, (@) Ovtofalthevalues we computed in pars), and (e),1/3isthel 45, Find te maximum volume of the gest box ofthe type shown in gue 22, with one commer a the origin and the ‘opposite corer at point P= (x, 9,2) on he paselai & withs.y.220 st This value occ athe point (1/3, 1/3). FiguRe 22 pai 18,2011SECTION 147 1 Optimization Seva Yorisles (LT SECTION 15.7). 77 SOLUTION To msxmize the volume ofa rectangular box, sat withthe relaion V = xy and slog the parsoiid equation we see ‘Therefore we wil conser tay tga Ve») ay = Fy ay ‘Fistto ind thecal pins, we tke the fst-ode paral dsvaves and se them egal zero and sole: werrer fyb Youn a? ‘Uring the equation Vj = 0 we see -hyt= (Note her, we can jgnore the valu = 0, net produces box having 20 vole) ‘Using this elation in the fist equation, Vy = 0, we se: 3 eo, Pea Factoring we ee: sa ts det ho ° 41 -de-lileeo = aoe Sine the governing equation fr 9) paraboloid tht is symmetric about thes, we peony consider tke pint when re Dor ‘Therefore since y = 3 Pande = ‘Ths wil ge abox avin 2 volume nots asin volume al Using andy = y3— FF. e= 1 = Js? J9% weve got a 1 3 ‘Therefore the box having maximum volume bas dimension, x = 1, y = 3/2, andz volume Lp ret} 1/2 and maximum value feteaannennennnee nein eee ee OEE fo) web that minimizes te som of th gares ne 24: Bom Dow rey? ‘Show tht he minimum vale of occurs or mand sang the two egations Soka Do fat fet FIGURE 2¢ The lnearease-squaes minimizes the sum ofthe squares ofthe vec distances rom the dt points totheline, SOLUTION We fint nd the eral points of Em, b) = Yn (yy —mxj —8)?. Seng te patil devvatives ust tozeo, we get Enid) = 25> (y5 may —B)-(-xy) =-2 joy — may 8) =0 jet Fal b) = 23° (yy —mxy 8) = 23° y —may =8) i fi ~ Eov-my-a) 0 ‘We obtsin he folowing eqns: Yaya Egy ist Lom Ens tnno i mYdeeys, o nD tmaSy ® t r= ‘By Theorem 3 the minimum value of (6 tex) occurs ta critical point, which she solation of equation (1) sd), Ica be shown (se josttcaon tht Bm, b) has a minimum vale, nce i minimized byte sclation of and Justcaon: We show hat Eo, 5) = FF (9j — my —2)® sa minimam vale. Let (mos) be any point and Ep, Since En, bis increasing witht bovnd as jm > co and | > 2, dee exists a pamber R > 0 (m,b) > Bo itl > Rand bl > R o ‘The domain D = (0,0): m= Rand [| =} is closed and bounded and Em, 8 is continous on D ence Eas 8 ‘minimam yalve By en D. The point (mo, dp) sin D nce Em.) > By forall pens (mb) tt arent n D) eee By = Ela.) = Fo @ Ie fliows by (1) and @) that By she simu ve of tm, onthe eis mb plane apt 18,2011