Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

NGHIN CU KH NNG X L NC THI C

NNG CHT HU C CAO BNG THIT B K KH
DNG VCH NGN
INVESTIGATION OF HIGH STRENGTH ORGANIC MATTER WASTEWATER
TREATMENT ABILITY BY ANAEROBIC BAFLED REACTOR
SVTH: TN N TR MI
Lp 05MT1, Trng Cao ng cng ngh, i hc Nng

HUNH TRNG NGHA

Lp 05MT2, Trng Cao ng cng ngh, i hc Nng

GVHD: ThS TRN MINH THO

Khoa Cng ngh ho hc, Trng Cao ng cng ngh, i
hc Nng
TM TT
X l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to m c th l trong iu kin
k kh c th gip x l cc ngun nc c nng cht nhim cao m vn thn thin vi
mi trng, vi chi ph thp. Vi l do ti nghin cu kh nng x l nc thi c nng
cht hu c cao (BOD=6000-8000 mg/L) bng m hnh thit b k kh dng vch ngn.
ABSTRACT
Wastewater treatment by biological approach in artificial condition, especially anaerobic
environment, can strongly reduce comtaminated matters in highly polluted water resources
with environmentally friendly way, but low cost. For this reason, the research focuses on
studying ability of high strength organic matter wastewater treatment (BOD=6000-8000 mg/L)
via pilot scale of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR).

1. M u
Trong vi thp nin tr li y, cng vi xu th chung ca ton cu, Vit Nam khng ngng
y mnh qu trnh cng nghip ho - hin i ho t nc nhm to dng v th trn trng
khu vc v th gii. Nhiu khu cng nghip mc ln lm thay i din mo v thc y
kinh t trong nc pht trin. Tuy nhin, chnh iu ny li lm cho cn cn MI TRNG PHT TRIN c s thay i ng k theo chiu hng tiu cc l mi trng ngy cng b
nhim v suy thoi nghim trng. Trong c bit l s nhim do nc thi t cc nh
my, cc khu cng nghip v ang t ra nhng yu cu cp thit i vi cc k s mi
trng v x hi ni chung cn phi c nhng bin php kp thi bo v mi trng sng
v sc khe cng ng.
So vi nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip c cc ch s BOD ( nhu cu oxygen sinh
ha ) v COD ( nhu cu oxygen ha hc ) cao hn nhiu. Do vy m mc nhim ca
nc thi cng nghip l rt cao, nh hng tiu cc n mi trng v sc khe ngi dn.
Tuy nhin, la chn mt bin php x l ph hp li khng phi l vic lm d dng. Trong
nhiu bin php x l nhim, bin php sinh hc c mi ngi c bit quan tm s dng
v n chim u th v quy m v gi thnh u t, thn thin vi mi trng. c bit l
khng gy ti nhim mi trng - mt nhc im m bin php ha hc v vt l hay mc
phi.
Nu nh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin ch p dng i vi
cc loi nc thi c nhim bn khng cao hoc nc thi sinh hot, th vi bin php sinh
hc x l nc thi trong iu kin nhn to m c th l trong iu kin k kh chng ta c

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i hc Nng - 2008

th x l cc ngun nc c nhim bn hu c cao bng cch phn hy ym kh cc cht

hu c cha trong nc thi to thnh kh CH4, cc sn phm v c k c CO2 v NH3.
Trn c s chng em tin hnh nghin cu kh nng x l nc thi c nng cht
hu c cao bng thit b k kh dng vch ngn nhm gim nng cht hu c trong nc
thi, gp phn bo v mi trng, hng ti mc tiu pht trin bn vng.
2. Gii thiu
2.1 Mc tiu nghin cu
- Nghin cu kh nng x l nc thi c nng cht hu c cao bng phng php s dng
thit b k kh dng vch ngn da trn hm lng BOD.
- So snh vi cc phng php kiu c, t a ra nhn xt v cc phng n xut nhm
m rng m hnh trong tng lai.
2.2 Phm vi nghin cu
- ti nghin cu kh nng x l nc thi ti bi rc Khnh Sn (nc r rc) v nc thi
ti h m Rong (c b sung BOD) ca thit b k kh dng vch ngn.
- Ton b quy trnh nghin cu c thc hin ti phng th nghim Cng ngh Mi trng,
khoa Cng ngh ho hc - trng Cao ng cng ngh.
2.3 i tng nghin cu
- Bn hot tnh c ly t b UASB ( Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) ti i hc Bch
Khoa - Nng.
- Nc thi c ly t hai ngun:
+ Bi rc Khnh Sn.
+ H m Rong.
3. Phng php thc hin
3.1 T chc thc hin
ti nghin cu c trin khai thc hin vi cc cng vic c th nh sau:
Bng3.1 K hoch thc hin chi tit
CNG VIC

THI GIAN
16/12

2/1/2008

10/1

12/1

Vit cng
Lp t thit b
Ly mu
Phn tch mu
u vo
Vn hnh thit b
Phn tch mu
u ra
Tng hp kt qu
Nhn xt, gii
thch
Vit hon chnh

415

20/1

20/3

5/4

15/4

20/4

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Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

3.2 Quy trnh thc hin

Ly mu nc

B sung BOD (i vi
nc m Rong)

Kt qu
phn tch I

Phn tch cht

lng nc trc
khi x l

a mu vo thit b k kh c
vch ngn tin hnh x l

Phn tch cht lng

nc sau sau khi x
l

Kt qu
phn tch II

Lp biu so snh da trn

kt qu phn tch

Tnh ton hiu sut

x l

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Nhn xt v
Kt lun

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

3.3 Gii thiu m hnh

3.3.1 S thit b

2
Hnh 3.1 M hnh l thuyt thit b k kh dng vch ngn.
3.3.2 Cu to thit b
Thit b k kh dng vch ngn c cu to nh sau:
1. B cp nc u vo
2. Bnh thu nc u ra
5 b x l c ni vi nhau bng ng nha mm, c van iu chnh lu lng vo.
- Kch thc mi b: LxWxH = 0.1x0.1x0.6m, c l trn v di v tr so le, ng
knh l: 14. Pha trn c b tr np y, c l vi ng knh: 14
- Khong cch gia cc b l 0.2 m.
- Cc b c gn st tng t chnh lch nhau 0.1m.
3.3.3 Vn hnh thit b
- Cho bn hot tnh vo cc b vi th tch bng nhau: 0.2L
- Nc r rc c gi nguyn vn hnh.
- i vi nc h m Rong v nng cht hu c thp, x l trong iu kin k kh s
khng hiu qu. Do chng em tin hnh b sung BOD nc u vo t nng BOD
ph hp (2,500 mg/L) cho vic th nghim hiu sut x l ca thit b k kh c vch ngn.
- M van cp nc t b cha nc thi vo b u tin; iu chnh van nc chy nh
git. Nc s ln lt lp y cc b
- Nc thi chy qua nn bn, i ngc ln tip xc v xo trn bn cng nh cc ht cht rn
l lng, bn s c hot ho, tng sinh khi v lng xung y. Kt qu l cht lng nc
s c ci thin sau khi qua h thng x l.
- Trong qu trnh vn hnh iu chnh pH nc u vo t 7.5 8.5
- Trn mi b c b tr ng thu kh nhm trnh hin tng bn tro gy tc ng dn nc
- Nc sau khi x l c em i phn tch so snh vi cht lng nc u vo. T
tnh ton hiu sut x l.
4.Kt qu v tho lun
4.1 Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc (nc r rc) ti bi rc Khnh Sn

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i hc Nng - 2008

Bng 4.1 : Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc r rc trc v sau khi x l

Ngy

Thng s

n v

HRT
(ngy)

21/3

27/3

29/3

3/4

10/4

pH
COD
BOD5
Nhit
pH
COD
BOD5
Nhit

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
-

pH
COD
BOD5
Nhit
pH
COD
BOD5
Nhit

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
-

pH
COD
BOD5
Nhit

mg/L
mg/L
-

Cht lng
nc u vo

Cht lng
nc u ra

8
480
384
27 - 33
8
600
468
27 - 33

6.5
148
87
27 - 33
6.5
256
140.8
27 - 33

Hiu
sut
(%)
69,16
77,34
57.33
68,17
-

8
536
428.8
27 - 33
8
550
440
27 - 33

7
146
115,3
27 - 33
7
195
136,5
27 - 33

72,76
73,11
64.54
68,97
-

8
520
400
27 - 33

6.5
207
165
27 - 33

60,12
58,75
-

4.2 Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ti h m Rong

Bng 4.2 : Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc h m Rong trc v sau khi x l
Ngy Thng s
n v
HRT
Hiu
Cht lng
Cht lng
(ngy)
sut
nc u vo nc u ra
(%)
pH
5
7.5
7
17/4
COD
mg/L
1200
147
87,75
BOD
mg/L
940
80,85
91,39
Nhit
27 - 33
27 - 33
22/4

pH
COD
BOD
Nhit

mg/L
mg/L
-

8
1300
1040
27 - 33

7
104
58
27 - 33

92,0
94,42
-

27/4

pH
COD
BOD
Nhit

mg/L
mg/L
-

8
3024
2116,8
27 - 33

7
150,5
113,5
27- 33

95,0
94,64
-

4.3 Nhn xt kt qu
- Cc thng s u vo COD, BOD, pH c khng ch kh n nh.

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Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

- So vi nc thi h m Rong, nc r rc ti bi rc Khnh Sn c hiu sut x l thp hn

do nhng nguyn nhn sau:
+ Nc r rc c a vo x l trong giai on thit b mi i vo vn hnh, cha n inh.
+ Nng COD, BOD u vo ca nc rc thp hn nc thi h m Rong ( b sung
BOD).
- Hiu sut x l ca thit b ph thuc vo:
+ Thi gian nc lu. (Hiu sut tng khi thi gian nc lu tng v ngc li).
+ Nng COD, BOD u vo (Hiu sut tng khi nng COD, BOD u vo tng v
ngc li)
- Hiu sut x l tng khi ln lt qua cc b phn ng c vch ngn.
- Hiu sut x l ca thit b t c cao nht l 95%.Do vy, kh nng ng dng v pht
trin m hnh ny trong thc t l rt ln.
5.Kt lun v kin ngh
5.1 Kt lun
Cht lng nc r rc ti bi rc Khnh Sn v nc thi h m Rong (i tng
trc tip nghin cu) vt tiu chun cho php vi mc nhim l rt ln, nu x thi trc
tip vo mi trng s gy ra nhng hu qu nghim trng, nh hng n sinh thi v sc
kho cng ng. Sau mt thi gian nghin cu bng thc nghim m hnh x l nc thi c
nng cht hu c cao (Nc r rc v nc thi h m Rong c b sung BOD) bng thit
b k kh dng vch ngn chng em thu c mt s kt qu nh sau:
- Nng COD sau x l so vi u vo gim 75% (i vi nc r rc) v 95% (i vi
nc thi h m Rong c b sung BOD). Do vy, m hnh c th c pht trin ng
dng trong thc t.
- Bn hot tnh c s dng trong thit b c kh nng lng tt v tng sinh khi ng k sau
mt thi gian thit b hot ng.
- C kh thot ra trn mi b.
5.2 Kin ngh
c th m rng quy m v p dng m hnh trong thc t nhm x l cc ngun nhim t
cc khu cng nghip, nc thi c nng cht nhim cao, ti c mt s kin ngh sau:
- Vi m hnh trn cn xc nh thm cc thng s nh Nit tng s, Photphos tng s.. c
th xem xt mt cch tng th kh nng x l ca thit b.
- Lp t cnh khuy trong mi b tng cng kh nng tip xc gia bn v nc.
- Lp t b o kh t ng c hin th s o c lng kh sinh hc to thnh v c h
thng thu hi kh s dng cho cc mc ch khc.
- B tr cc vi tho bn m bo qu trnh hot ng lin tc cho h thng.
- Cht lng nc u ra c hm lng cn kh ln v cha m bo cc tiu chun v mu,
mi..Do vy, sau cng trnh ny cn b tr cc b lng, lc v chuyn tip sang thit b hiu
kh x l trit trc khi x thi ra mi trng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] PGS.TS Lng c Phm (2003) - Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc.
Trang 71 - 120. Ti bn ln th nht - Nh xut bn gio dc.
[2] ThS L Xun Phng (2001) - Vi sinh vt cng nghip. Trang 80 - 85. Nh xut bn xy
dng - H Ni.

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i hc Nng - 2008

[3] ThS L Xun Phng (2005) - Gio trnh vi sinh mi trng. Trang 342 - 361. Ti liu
lu hnh ni b.
[4] Nguyn Vn Phc (2004) - X l nc thi bng bn hot tnh. Trang 7 - 20. Nh xut
bn i hc Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh.
[5] ThS V Vn Minh (2006) - Bi ging qun l mi trng. Trang 3 - 17. Ti liu lu hnh
ni b.
[6] S khoa hc v cng ngh thnh ph Nng. Trung tm thng tin khoa hc v cng
ngh - Tm tt kt qu nghin cu khoa hc thnh ph Nng nm 2006
[7] Trung tm bo v mi trng thnh ph Nng - n qun l tng hp mi trng
m Rong - Thun Phc.

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