‘@, Senyriant 1062 by University of Siena Siena - aly sith lac. Conor Sena 1952 F_GIUSTI 8G. MANGANELL eo ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY ACCORDING 10 THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOLLUSCS (SAPROBIOLOGICAL AKALISYS) (MILAN 8, AnwnBASIE “ICH-GALEKIKAY ~ InstrTure, QUALITY CONTROL CENTER, BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YU-11.000, BEOGRAD, 29. Wovenara 111., STATE OF SERBIA, YUGOSLAVIA Introoucti08 ‘APONG THE AQUATIC PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES, THERE ARE THOSE WHICH CAN BE MOST FREQUEWTLY FOUND IN THE WATERS OF A CERTAIN LEVEL OF QUALITY (POLLUTION), SO THAT THEY CAN SERVE AS THE INDICATOR OF THE EXTEND OF POLLUTION, [.£, BASED OM THEIR DISTRIBUTION, IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE THE ASSESSMENT OF THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM QUALITY, CERTAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF MOLLUSCS (BOTTOM FAUNA} BELONG TO THESE INDICATORS, THE UTILIZATION OF THE INDICATOR MOLLUSCS SPECIES IN A SAPROBTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IS MOSTLY ONE WITHIN THE INDICATOR SPECIES OF ALL FAUNISTIC AND FLORISTIC GROUPS COLLECTED FROM THE INVESTIGATED LOCALITY (coM- WON SAPROBIC INDEX S}, HOWEVER, THE SAPROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSTS CAN AE CARRIED OUT BASEO ALSO ON THE NUH BER OF THE INDICATOR SPECIES OF INDIVIDUAL FAUNISTIC AND FLORISTIC GROUPS PRESEWT. THIS PAPER WILL PRE- SENT THE RESULTS OF THE SAPROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSES, OBTAINED FROM THE RIVERS ANO CHANNELS OF THE STATE OF SERBIA IN THE PERIOD 1985-1986 ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIGUTION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MOLLUSCS, MATERIALS AKO METHODS THE MALACOLOGICAL MATERIAL AS COLLECTED USING STANOARO METHODS (*PETERSEN' OREOGING MACHINE, SCOOPING ‘wea PrADO CH), THE MOLLUSCS DETERMENATLONS WERE DONE USING THE DETERMINATION KEYS (GEYER, 1977; E¥R- tani, 1953; Soos, 1983; Lozex, 1956; JaecKeL, 1976; GLOER ET AL., 1985). THE SAPROBIC MEMBERSHIP OF IN- DICATOR SPECIES WAS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE SAPROBIC CLASSIFICATIONS (SLADECEK, 1973; SEY, 1977; thever, 1984; MaUcH ET AL., 1985), THE SAPROBIC INDEX -(S) OF A LOCALITY WAS CALCULATED BY THE FORMULA: zsh = APANTLE & BUCK, 1955), MHERE : S-THE SAPROBIC INDEX OF AN INDICATOR SPI IR A GENUS, H- S i HERE: STH (DICATOR SPECTES OR A CEN HUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL REPRESENTATIVES OF AN INDICATOR SPECTES OR A GENUS/O.1 m% EXPRESSED IN RELATIVE GALS, THE QUALITY GRADES OF THE TESTED MATERS WERE DETERMENED USING THE 7-DEGREE SAPROBIC SCALE (LIEB- WANN, 1962; NEVER, 1984; MAUCH ET AL., 1985; GeWisseRGUTe IW GaveRW, 1967), Resuits TABLE |. SHOWS THE LISTING OF THE MOLLUSCS SPECIES THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND UP TO OATE IN THE RIVERS: ZAPA- ‘OA MORAVA (THE YEAR OF INVESTIGATION 1985), DANUBE (YUGOSLAV PORTION, FROM HOVE Sad TO YuGOSLAV-RUMA- NTAN-BULGARIAN BORDER, 1986), THE DANUBE AND THE SAVA (BELGRADE REGION, 1986) AND THE CHANNELS OF PAN Tevatcr RIT WEAR BELGRADE (1985), 78 MOLLUSCS SPECTES WERE COLLECTED (22 SPECIES OF SNAILS AND 6 SPECI ES OF SHELLS), CLASSIFIED IW 18 GEWUSES [TE SHATL AND 4 SHELL), AMONG THE 28 MOLLUSCS SPECIES, 2? HAD THE INDICATOR CHARACTER (15 SHATL AND 7 SHELL). TABLE 2. PRESENTS THE COMPARATIVE VALUES FOR SAPROBIC INDEX (S) OF THE INDICATOR MOLLUSCS SPECIES OR GENUSES, THE NUMBER OF INDICATOR SPECIES, AS WELL AS THE SAPROBIC INDEX (S) OF A SPECIES OR A GENUS DEPENDS ON THE AUTHORS CLASSIFICATION. IT WAS OBSERVED THAT THE SAPROBIC INDEX DIFFERRED A LOT IM SOME SPECIES, TWE SAPROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE HATERS OF THE ZAPADWA HORAVA SHOKED THAT WATERS, WHICH ARE BEYOND THE INFLUENCE OF EFFLUENT, WERE OF THE QUALITY GRADE IT 7 1.0). OW THE OTHER HAND, THE LOCALITIES WO, 5, ANA, WATERS, AAICH WERE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EF#LUE- NTS, WERE OF QUALITY GRADE IT AND III (P -gL-NezosAPROBTC, $=2.50), THE LOCALITY KO.5. WATERS, WHICHWERE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE EFFLUENTS OF THE TOWN OF KRUSEVAC AND THE RIVER RASINA, WERE OF THE LO WEST QUALITY ~ III GRADE (qd-ME2OSAPROBIC, S=3.00),. THE SAPROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE WATERS OF PANEEVAEKI RIT SHOWED THAT THE LEAST POLLUTED WATER WAS THAT AT THE LOCALITY NO.3. WHERE THE FRESH DANUBE WATERS GOT IW LP-MEZOSAPROBIC, S=1.95). THE WA- TERS BECAME MORE POLLUTED WITH THE OISTANCE, I.€. THE LOCALITIES NO. 1. AND 2. UPSTREAM AND THAT KO.4 DOWNSTREAM. THE HIGHEST POLLUTION HAS OBSERVED AT THE LOCALITIES HO.7, 8. ANO 9., WHERE THE EFFLUENTS FROM THE FARM GOT INTO THE WATERS, THESE THREE LOCALITIES WERE ALSO UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE RAINFALL RINGING PESTICIOES AND ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS DOWN FROM THE SURROUNDING PLOUGHLAND, THE SAPROBIC INDE OF THESE SITES WAS IM THE RANGE OF 2,13-2.19, THE SAPROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE YUGOSLAV PORTION OF THE DANUBE, I.€, FROM HovI SkD TO THEIR Yusos- ‘AY-RUMANTAN-BULGARIAM BORDER WERE PERFORMED GOTH AT MIGH AND LOW WATER LEVELS (MAY AND SEPTEMBER, RES PECTIVELT) AND SHOWED THAT TRE SAPROBIC INDEX (5) HAS HIGHER IN THE PERIOD OF LOW WATER LEVELS TO THAT TACEN IN THE PERIOD OF WICK WATER LEVELS. IT WAS ALSO ESTIMATED THAT THE SAPROBIC INOEX WAS HIGHER AT THE LOCALITHES BELONGING TO THE POND REGION OF THE POWER-PLANT *DJEROAP-I* AND "DUERDAP-IJ* THAN AT THOSE BELONGING TO THE RIVER-POND REGION THE SAPROBTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE HATERS OF THE SAVA AMD THE DANUBE WITHIN THE BELGRADE REGION, SHOWED THAT, BASED ON MALACOLOSICAL MATERIAL, THE QUALITY OF THE SAVA MATERS WERE MOSTLY STEADY AT THE LOCALITIES ANALYSED (B-MEZOSAPROBIC, S=1.86-Z,06). THE NATERS OF THE DANUBE SUFFERED HIGHER POLLUTION (AT THE LOCALITIES OOWNSTREAM FROM THE POINT WHERE THE SAVA EMPTIES IN THE DANUBE, SPECIALLY IN THE PE- LOD OF LOW WATER LEVELS. Conctustons: THe OBTAINED RESULTS SHOW TAAT IT 1S POSSIBLE, BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDICATOR MOLLUSCS SPE- CIES, 10 ASSESS THE MATER QUALITY OF A CERTAIN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM, THE SAPROBIOLOGICAL AMALTSES OF SOME WATERS IN THE STATE OF SERBIA SHOWS, BASED ON THE MALACOLOGICAL MATERIAL, THAT THE QUALITY OF THESE WA- TERS FALLS MOSTLY WITHIN THE QUALITY GRAGE I], CHANGING TO I-TIT oR TTT AT SOME LOCALITIES. THE SAPRO- BIOLOGICAL ANALYSES CAN BE CARRIED OUT BOTH ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE SAMPLES, AS THE SAPROBIC TWDEK VARIES IN SOME INDICATORS SPECIES (TABLE 2,), THE MOST RECENT OR THE MEAN SAPROBIC INDEX SHOULD ‘BE USED FOR THE ANALYSES, BESIOE THE ABOVE FORMULA (PANTLE & BUCK, 1955), AN EXTENDED FORMULA MAY BE 25hG USED AS uu: (DIN 38410, 19903 WHICH EMPLOVES NOT ONLY THE LISTED PARAMETERS (S AND 4), EnG BUT ALSO THE PARAMETER G-INDICATOR WEIGHT OF AN INDICATOR SPECIES OR A GENUS REFERENCES SORTEMTADER HL 2) Ewnmawy, P. 1935. MOLLUSKEN (WEICHTIERE), IN GROMER, P., EHRMANN, P, & ULMER, G, (HERAUSG.); DIE THERWELT MrrreceuRoPAS, I] Bo. LEIPZIG, VERLAG VON QuELLe 8 MeveR. 3) eWASSERCUTE IN BAYERN, 1987. MINCHEN, BATERTSCHES STAATMINISTERTUH DES [WWERN-OBERSTE BAUBEHOROE, 8, 14, 5, 4) Bever, D, 1927, UnseRe Lawo- uwo SUswASseR-MoLLusKen. SrurroanT, VERLAG LuTZ, K.6, 5) Gloer, P., MexeR-Broor, C. & OsTERMANN, 0, 1985. SUSWASSERMOLLUSKEN, 5-TE ERWEITERTE AUFL. HAMBURG, OW. 6) JaeCKEL, H.S. 1976, MoLUSCA (WEICHTIERE), IW STRESEMANN, £, (HERAUSG.}: EXKURSTONSEAUMA. WIRBELOSSE L, BeRuin, YEV YouR uWo Wissen, 202-230, s, . 7) LHeBRAWN, H. 1962. HANDBUCH DER ERISCHWASSER- UMD ABMASSER-BIOLOGLE, MUNCHEN, OLOENBDURG 8) Lofer, V, 1956. KLIE CESKOSLOVENSKYCH MERKUSU. BRATISLAVA, VYDAVATELSTVO SLOVENSKEY AKADERIE VIED. 9) HaucH, €., KonMANM, F. & SANZIN, W. 1985, BIOLOGISCHE GEMASSERANALYSE IN BAYERN. MONCHEN, BATERI-372 Sladetek SEV Meyer (1973) Classis Gastropoda Viviparus viviparus (L.) 2.0 Viviparus acerosus (Bourg.) Theodoxus transversalis (C.Pf.) Theodoxus danubialis (C.Pf.) Valvata naticina (Menke) Bithinia tentaculata (L.) 2.0 Lithoglyphus naticoides (C.Pf.) Lymnaea auricularia (L.) 25 Lymnaea peregra (0.F.Miller) Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) 1.85 Lymnaea palustris (0.F.Miller) 2.0 Lymnaea ovata (Draparnaud) Fagotia esperi (Ferrusac) Fagotia acicularis (Ferrusac) Amphimelania holandri (Ferrusac) Planorbarius corneus (L.) Physa fontinalis (L.) Physa acuta (Draparnaud) Planorbis planorbis (L.) Planorbis spp. (0.F.Maller) Gyraulus laevis (Alder) Gyraulus spp. (Charpentier) Succinea spp. (Draparnaud) Hydrobia ulvae (Pennat) Nnonn 2000 Classis Bivalvia Unio pictorum (L.) 2.3 Unio tumidus (Philipsson) Sphaerium corneum (L.) 2.4 Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck) Sphaerium spp. (Scopoli) Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) 1.5 Pisidium spp. (C.Pf.) O37) 1.8 2.15 2.15 1.85 per Qa gor 1.4 2.4 1.4 won o500 Pen nou (1984) PR waif NN NNN oo NWNN oouo NN woo oo Mauch et al. (1985) (1990) DIN 2 2. 2. N i NNONN Nwoo 38410 0 Table 2.SCHE LANOESART FUR WASSERWIRTSCHAFT, 112-113. S. 10) Never, D, 1984, MARROSKOPISCH-BIOLOGISCHE FELOMETHODEW ZUR VASSERGUTEGEURTEILUNG YON FLISSBENASSER (, T-Te AueL, Hannover, ALG uno GUND, 23, 55-56, s, 11) Pantue, R. & Buck, A. 1955, Dre BToLOGrscHe DaeRWACHUNG OER GewisSER, DIE OARSTELLUNG DER ERGEBNI- SSE. GAS UND WASSERFACK, 96 (16);604, 12) SEY, T977, UNTFTCIROWANDYE METODY ISSLEDOVANEA EAGESTYA yoo, ILI. MeoOY sToLOSKOGO ANALIZA YOO. Hosea, 13) SLaDEEEK, ¥, 1973, SYSTEM OF WATER QUALITY FROM BIOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW, ARCH. HroRoBrOL., ERG. Linwotosre, H.7, BeIcH.7. 18) Sons, L. 1943. PAGYORORZAG TERMESZETRAJZA. I, ALLATANI RESZ, A KARPAT-REDENCE MOLLUSCA-FAUNAJA, BL- OAPEST, HAGYJAR TUDIMANYOS AKADEHIA. Rivers and channel: Zapadna Pantevaéki Dunav Dunav Sava Morava rit Year od investigation: 1985. 1985. 1986. 1988. 1988 Classis Gastropoda Viviparus viviparus (L.) + Viviparus acerosus (Bourg. ) Theodoxus transversalis (C.Pf.) Theodoxus danubialis (C.Pf.) Valvata naticina (Menke) Bithinia tentaculata (L.) Lithoglyphus naticoides (C.Pf.) Lymnaea auricularia (L.) + + Lymnaea peregra (O.F.Miller) Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) + Lymnaea palustris (0.F.Miller) + Lymnaea ovata (Draparnaud) + Fagotia esperi (Ferrusac) + Fagotia acicularis (Ferrusac) + Amphimelania holandri (Ferrusac) Planorbarius corneus (L.) + Physa fontinalis (L.) Physa acuta (Draparnaud) + + Planorbis planorbis (L.) + Planorbis spp. (0.F.Miller) Gyraulus laevis (Alder) Gyraulus spp. (Charpentier) Succinea spp. (Draparnaud) Hydrobia ulvae (Pennat) bette tebe eeeee betes + et Feeeee ++ +44 Classis Bivalvia Unio pictorum (L.) + Unio tumidus (Philipsson) Sphaerium corneum (L.) Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck) Sphaerium spp. (Scopoli) + Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) + Pisidium spp. (C.P£.) + +ete + + + +t Table 1.