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s18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{3 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {LIMBAH KAYU }\par\pard\li
746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DAFTAR ISI }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PENDAHULUAN\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\
uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1
\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X.\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u
8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X.4 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BAB I TENTANG KAYU\u
c1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\
u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X.\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8
230X.5 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BAB II INDUSTRI PENGHASIL LIMBAH}\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KAYU\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\
uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1
\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8
230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230
X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X..6 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {BAB III DAUR ULANG LIMBAH KAYU}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8230X\uc1
\u8230X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X.13 }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {PENUTUP\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u82

30X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X
\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X.\u
c1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X37 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {DAFTAR PUSTAKA\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8
230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {..}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u82
30X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X38 }\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li618
6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {4 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PEN
DAHULUAN }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Di sebuah pabrik bubur kayu, baik bahan men
tah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan tenaga li
strik digunakan secara efisien}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {sehingga serat kayu mentah dimanfaatkan secara}\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penuh dalam sebuah area tertutup. Ma
lah cairan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limba
h dibakar untuk memproduksi listrik. Dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sana ditemukan kenyataan, pabrik bubur kayu}\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {merupakan suatu pabrik pengh
asil tenaga listrik }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {karena menghasilkan lebih banyak tenaga listrik }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {daripada yang digunakannya. Gambaran spserti
itu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memang terja
di di sebuah pabrik besar. Namun }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {kenyataannya di industri kayu yang banyak }\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terdapat di pedesaan karena mendekati
lokasi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hutan, te
knologi untuk membuat listrik dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {limbah bubur kayu belum siap baik ketrampilan }\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tenaga kerjanya, sumber pendanaa
n, dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teknologi
tepat gunanya. Oleh itu dari beberapa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ahli di Indonesia masih mengembangkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kemungkinan-kemungkinan teknologi ter
apan baru,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk
mengolah limbah kayu yang terbuang.
}\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-3
06\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {5 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn838
6\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {BAB I TENTANG KAYU }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs

24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kayu merupakan bahan yang sangat bermanfaat.}\par\pard\

li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bahan ini kuat tetapi dapat
dengan mudah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dip
otong dan diukir dalam berbagai bentuk.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sebagian besar kayu berasal dari batang pohon.}\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Setiap tahun begitu tumbuh,
pohon membuat}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la
pisan kayu baru disekelilingnya. Kalau kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gelondongan dipotong melintang, kalian akan }\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {melihat lingkaran tahunan
ini. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {STRUKTUR KAYU }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kay
u terbuat dari bermilyar-milyar pembuluh}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kecil yang berjajar sepanjang batang pohon. Kalau}\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pohon ini masih hidup p
embuliu ini mengangkut air }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {tumbuhan dari akar ke daun. Kay dari tiap-tiap }\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jenis pohon berbeda warna, kekerasan,
dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {polanya(serat
). }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KAYU OLAHAN }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tidak semua gelondongan dipotong dalam bentuk }\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {papan. Sebagian dikupa
s dengan pisau tajam }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sehingga potongannya tipis, yang disebut lapisan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu halus, terkelupas. Beberapa lapisan
kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {halus dapat
di
}\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{6 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BAB II INDUSTRI PENGHAS
IL}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {LIMBAH KAYU }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Di Indonesia ada tiga macam industri kayu yang
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secara dominan m
engkonsumsi kayu dalam jumlah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {relatif besar, yaitu: penggergajian, vinir/kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lapis, dan pulp/kertas. }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \*\tx1146\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {A.}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {LIMBAH KAY
U ITU MENCEMARI }\b0 \par\pard\li1146\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {LINGKUNGAN }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 { Sebegitu jauh limbah biomassa dari industri}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tersebut telah dimanfaatkan kembali dalam}\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proses pengolahannya
. sebagai bahan bakar guna}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {melengkapi kebutuhan energi industri vinir/kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lapis dan pulp/kertas. Yang menimbul
kan masalah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adala
h limbah penggergajian yang kenyataannya }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilapangan masih ada yang di tumpuk sebagian }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dibuang ke aliran sungai (
pencemaran air), atau}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {dibakar secara langsung (ikut menambah emisi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {karbon di atmosfir). Produksi total kayu}\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gergajian Indonesia me

ncapai 2.6 juta m3 per }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal

ex100 {tahun (Forestry Statistics of Indonesia}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1997/1998). Dengan asumsi bahwa jumlah limbah}\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang terbentuk 54.24
persen dari produksi total }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {maka dihasilkan limbah penggergajian sebanyak }\par\pard\li6186\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i6186\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {7 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
page\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.4 juta m3 per tahun; angka ini cukup besar }\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {karena mencapai sekitar s
eparuh dari produksi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {kayu gergajian. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adanya limbah dimaksud menimbulkan }\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {masalah penangananny
a yang selama ini dibiarkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {membusuk, ditumpuk dan dibakar yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kesemuanya berdampak negatif terhadap }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lingkungan sehingga penangg
ulangannya perlu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dipikirkan. Salah satu jalan yang dapat ditempuh}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adalah memanfaatkannya menjadi produk yang}\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bernilai tambah dengan
teknologi ter}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apan}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { dan
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kerakyatan sehin
gga hasilnya mudah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat. Hasil evaluasi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menunjukkan beberapa hal berpeluang positif}
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {bagai contoh teknologi terapan dimaksud dapat }\par\pard\li746\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diterapkan secara memuaskan dalam}\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengkonversi limba
h industri pengolahan kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {menjadi arang serbuk, briket arang, arang aktif, }\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arang kompos dan soil conditioning }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Penerapan teknologi aplikatif atau terapan }\par\pard\li746\r
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}}}}\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard
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par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kebutuhan bahan baku industri dengan }\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kemampuan produksi kayu secara le
stari. Bila}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mempe
rhatikan kondisi hutan alam yang makin }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menurun berarti makin langkanya bahan baku}\par\pard\li
746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu, serta besarnya tantanga
n berbagai aspek }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{khususnya di sektor kehutanan (lingkungan,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ekolabel, perdagangan karbon) maka perlu}\par\pard\li
746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilakukan perubahan mendasar
dalam kebijakan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
pembangunan kehutanan, salah satunya dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengedepankan peran inovasi teknologi yang lebih}\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berpihak kepada masy
arakat khususnya industri}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {kecil, meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan hasil }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hutan serta memaksimalkan pemanfaatan ka
yu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan limbah bio
massa yang mengarah kepada NOL}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {LIMBAH. }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
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}}}}\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \f
s32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BAB III. }\fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs32\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs32\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {INDUSTRI }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Limbah industri pengolahan kayu terdiri dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limbah yang dihasilkan }\fs24\cf1\f0\char
scalex100\b {industri kayu lapis}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,}\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {pengergajian}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { dan}{ }\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {pengerjaan kayu}\b0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { yang berupa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {potongan ujung, sebetan, sisa kupasan, tatal dan }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serbuk gergajian }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {A. PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH OL
EH INDUSTRI }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{Pada umumnya oleh perusahaan industri, limbah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult

0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tersebut diolah lagi menggunakan teknologi }\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terapan mengkonversi l
imbah industri pengolahan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {kayu menjadi arang serbuk, briket arang, arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aktif, arang kompos dan soil conditionin
g. }\par\pard\li1106\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \*\tx1466\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}
\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arang Serbuk dan Arang bongkah }\par\pard\li140
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-520\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gambar 3.1 Proses Pembakaran Arang}\par\pard\li245
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Menggunakan Drum }\par\pard\li6
066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {14 }\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsx
n173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teknologi yang digunakan dalam proses }\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pembuatan arang dari se
rbuk gergaji kayu ini}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {adalah dengan menggunakan drum yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dimodifikasi dan dilengkapi dengan lubang udara }\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {di sekeliling badan drum
dan cerobong asap }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dibagian tengah badan drum. Rendemen arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serbuk gergaji yang dihasilkan dengan cara ini}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebesar 15 \uc1\u8211
X 20 %. kadar karbon terikat sebesar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {50 - 72 kal/g dan nilai kalor arang antara 5800 \uc1\u8211
X }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6300 kal/g. Me
ngingat cara ini kurang efektif}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {bila ditinjau dari lamanya proses pembuatan arang}\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serbuk yang memerlukan waktu leb
ih dari 10 jam}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
ngan hasil yang tidak terlalu banyak, maka}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dibuat teknologi baru untuk mengatasi}\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kekurangan cara drum tersebut. Te
knologi ini}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diran
cang dengan konstruksi yang terbuat dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plat besi siku yang dapat dibongkar pasang}\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(sistem baut) dan ditutup deng
an lembaran seng}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
yang juga menggunakan sistem baut. Dalam satu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hari (9 jam) dapat mengarangkan serbuk }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebanyak 150 \uc1\u8211X 2
00 kg yang menghasilkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {rendemen arang antara 20 \uc1\u8211X 24 %. Kadar air 3,49}\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {%, kadar abu 5,19 %, kadar zat
terbang 28,93 %}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dan kadar karbon sebesar 65,88 %. Arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serbuk gergaji yang dihasilkan dapat dibuat atau}\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diolah lebih lanjut menj
adi briket arang, arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {aktif, dan sebagai media semai tanaman. Biaya }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066

\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {15 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk membuat kiln semi kontinyu ini adalah}\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebesar Rp. 2000.000,- }\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk limbah sebetan dan potongan ujung dapat }\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dibuat arang dengan menggunaka
n tungku kubah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ya
ng terbuat dari batu bata yang dipelester }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dengan tanah liat dan dilengkapi dengan alat }\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penampung atau mendingink
an asap yang keluar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dari cerobong sehingga didapatkan cairan ter dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {destilat yang dapat diaplikasikan lebih lanj
ut. Di}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thailand c
airan wood vinegar ini merupakan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {produk utama dalam hal pembuatan arang yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebelumnya merupakan produk samping
karena}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {harga jual
nya tinggi yaitu sebesar 50 Bath/L}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {sedangkan untuk arangnya hanya berharga 4}\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bath/kg. Dari kapasitas tungku sebes
ar 4,5 ton }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dihas
ilkan cairan destilat sebanyak 150 liter dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arang sebanyak 800 kg. Hasil penelitian yang}\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilakukan oleh Nurhayat
i (2000) menunjukkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {bahwa tungku dengan kapasitas 445 kg}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menghasilkan arang sebanyak 60,6 kg dan cairan }\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {destilat 75,5 kg. Adapu
n biaya pembuatan tungku}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {bata yang diplester dengan tanah liat yang }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilengkapi dengan alat proses pendinginan }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebesar Rp. 4000.0
00 (Nurhayati, 2000). }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {16 }\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn
666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2. Arang aktif }\par\pard\li746\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Arang aktif adalah arang yang diolah lebih}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lanjut pada suhu tinggi sehingga pori-porinya}\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terbuka dan dapat digun
akan sebagai bahan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {adsorben. Proses yang digunakan sebagian besar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menggunakan cara kimia di mana bahan baku}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {direndam dalam laruta
n, CaCl2, MgCl2, ZnCl2}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {selanjutnya dipanaskan dengan jalan dibakar pada}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suhu 5000C. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa}\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kualitas arang aktif
dalam hal ini besarnya daya}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {serap terhadap yodium memenuhi standar SII }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {karena daya serapnya lebih dari 20 %. }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f

s18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.
Briket arang }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Briket arang adalah arang yang diolah lebih}\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lanjut menjadi ben
tuk briket (penampilan dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {kemasan yang lebih menarik) yang dapat }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {digunakan untuk keperluan energi sehari-hari.
4. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Energi. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jenis limbah yang d
igunakan sebagai sumber }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {energi dapat berupa potongan ujung, sisa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pemotongan kupasan, serutan dan seruk gergajian
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu yang kesemu
anya digunakan untuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {memanaskan ketel uap. Pada industri kayu lapis }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\
ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {17 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\
pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {keperluan pemakaian bahan bakar untuk ketel uap }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebesar 19,7 % atau 40 % da
ri total limbah yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dihasilkan. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Untuk industri pengeringan papan skala industri}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kecil proses pengeringannya dilakukan secara}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {langsung dengan memba
kar limbah sebetan atau}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {potongan ujung, panas yang dihasilkan dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bantuan blower dialirkan ke dalam suatu rua
ngan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang berisi
papan yang akan dikeringkan. Untuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {mengeringkan papan sengon sebanyak 10260 kg}\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berat basah pada kadar air 161,04
% menjadi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5220 k
g papan pada kadar air 6,58 % selama 6}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hari menghabiskan limbah sebanyak 3433 kg.}\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teknologi lainnya adalah proses
konversi kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men
jadi bahan bakar melalui proses gasifikasi.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hasil penelitian Nurhayati dan Hartoyo (1992) }\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menyimpulkan bahwa limb
ah kayu kamper dapat }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar dengan sistem }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gasifikasi fluidized bed yang menghasilkan nil
ai}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kalor gas sebe
sar 7,106 MJ/m3 dengan komposisi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {gas H2 = 5,6 %; CO = 11,77 %, CH4 = 3,99 %;}\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C2H4 = 4,34 %, C2H6 = 0,21 %, N2 = 57
,69 % O2}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0,40 %
dan CO2 = 15,71 %. }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li60
66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
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18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri
0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {18 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {B. PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH U
NTUK}\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PERTAN
IAN }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul { 1}\u
l0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {. }\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {Soil co
nditioning }\ul0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Penggunaan arang baik yang berasal dari }\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limbah eksploitasi mau
pun yang berasal dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {industri pengolahan kayu untuk soil conditioning,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {merupakan salah satu alternatif pemanfaata
n }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arang selain s
ebagai sumber energi. Secara }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {morfologis arang memiliki pori yang efektif untuk }\par\pard\li746
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h. Oleh sebab }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
tu aplikasi arang pada lahan-lahan terutama lahan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {miskin hara dapat membangun dan meningkatkan }
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kesuburan tanah,
karena dapat meningkatkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {beberapa fungsi antara lain: sirkulasi udara dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {air tanah, pH tanah, merangsang pembe
ntukan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spora end
o dan ektomikoriza, dan menyerap }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {kelebihan CO2 tanah. Sehingga dapat }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {meningkatkan produktifitas lahan dan huta
n }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tanaman. }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {2. Kompos dan Arang Kompos }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Serbuk gergaji merupakan
salah satu jenis }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{limbah industri pengolahan kayu gergajian. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alternatif pemanfaatan dapat dijadikan kompos }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk pupuk tanaman.
Pembuatan kompos serbuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {gergaji kayu tusam (Pinus merkusii) dan serbuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gergaji kayu karet (Hevea braziliensis)
dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menggunak
an activator EM4 dan pupuk kandang}\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
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t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {menghasilkan kompos dengan nisbah C/N 19,94 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan rendemen 85 % dalam waktu 4 bulan }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\ul {3}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {. }\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\ul {Penerapan Hasil Penelitian }\ul0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hasil-hasi
l penelitian tersebut tidak akan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {berarti tanpa disebarluaskan kepada masyarakat }\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pengguna. Untuk hal ini perlu di
lakukan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serangka
ian ujicoba, maupun alih teknologi kepada}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {masyarakat dengan tujuan selain untuk }\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mempertanggung jawabkan hasil pen
elitian kepada}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ma
syarakat yang telah membiaya kegiatan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penelitian ini melalui penerimaan pajak yang}\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disetorkan kepada negara juga
untuk memberikan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{bekal ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pada}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {akhirnya masyarakat dapat membuat dan }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengolah sendiri bahan-baha
n yang belum}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {term
anfaatkan, minimal untuk kebutuhan sendiri}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sehingga dapat menghemat pengeluaran biaya }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bulanan. Hasil sosialisasi
yang dilakukan oleh }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Hendra dan Pari (2001) penambahan arang-}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kandang dapat meningkatkan panen cabe 2 kali}\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lebih besar dibanding
tanpa memakai arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {kandang dan tanah bekas pakai masih tetap subur }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {karena arangnya masih tersedia dan tidak lapu
k.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aplikasi arang
kompos dari serbuk gergajian kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sebagai media tanaman cabe dalam kantung}\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plastik di pekarangan rumah dapat meng
hemat }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{20 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
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ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pengeluaran keluarga seba
nyak Rp 50.000/bulan,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sehingga dapat digunakan untuk keperluan lain }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terutama untuk pendidikan. Namun demikian }\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk mengubah kebi
asaan yang biasa dilakukan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {oleh masyarakat tidak mudah, diperlukan waktu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang panjang seperti mengubah kebiasaan
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menggunakan kayu
bakar dengan arang/briket}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {arang dan mengubah kebiasaan menggunakan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pupuk sintetis kepada pupuk organik. }\par\pa
rd\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
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ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
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lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {21 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\
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f0\f0\charscalex100 {BAB IV DAUR ULANG LIMBAH}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0
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0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li14
40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
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lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Gambar 4.1 Mebel dari limbah kayu }\b0 \par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bahan baku mebel itu diperoleh dari limbah}\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pabrik atau penggergajian kayu.
Mereka membeli}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b
ahan limbah kayu itu secara kiloan atau per truk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang mana jenis kayu dan ukurannya sangat}\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bervariasi. }\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Dan}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { jenis yang dibeli tidak hany
a kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jati, teta
pi juga kayu bangkirai dan sonokeling, }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mereka mengerjakan pembuatan mebel itu mulai}\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dari menggergaji, mengamplas
, hingga finishing. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Satu set bangku sekolah yang te
rdiri atas 1 meja }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dan 2 kursi dijual dengan harga Rp 110 ribu - Rp }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {130 ribu. Sepuluh tahun lalu modal usahanya}\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hanya sekitar Rp 2
0 juta, kini keuntungannya bisa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {mencapai Rp 3-5 juta per bulan. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Per
lu Dibina }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Para perajin kini memasarkan produknya
ke }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berbagai kot
a seperti Semarang, Ungaran,}\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {23 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ken
dal, Wonosobo, dan Pekalongan. Selain }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menyediakan kebutuhan mebel rumah tangga,}\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pasar tetap mereka adalah sekolah
-sekolah di}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jaten
g. Untuk bisa memborong order bangku}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {sekolah, mereka harus memenangkan lelang yang}\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilakukan oleh Depdiknas setemp

at. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Meski sudah

dipasarkan hingga ke luar kota, para}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {perajin mengaku belum mampu melakukan ekspor.}\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hambatannya adalah kualitas dan
pengetahuan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yan
g masih minim. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-453\slmult0 \*\tx1146\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {B.}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {BUDIDAYA JAMUR }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Dari sebuah perusahaan penggergajian kayu yang}\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {setiap harinya menghasilkan li
mbah serbuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gerg
aji. Perusahaan tidak membuangnya, sehingga }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {makin hari limbah itu makin menggunung.}\par\pard\li
746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ketimbang menjadi pemandangan
tak sedap,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {masya
rakat berusaha memanfaatkannya agar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {mempunyai nilai ekonomis, yakni menjadikannya }\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sebagai media tanam jamur. Pro
sesnya adalah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seb
agai berikut: }\par\pard\li1466\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx1826\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {a.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Limbah penggergajian kayu itu mula-}
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mula dikeringuda
rakan. Sesudah kerin}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serbuk kayu dicampur dengan bekatul,}\par\par
d\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kapur lembut, pupuk urea
, dan pupuk }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TSP
. Setelah tercampur rata, campuran }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {dibasahi dengan air bersih (bukan air }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {24 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\par
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f0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-440\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hujan), agar campuran menjadi lembab}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Lalu dimasukkan ke dalam kantung}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {plastik 1 kg untuk direbus pada suhu}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100 - 115oC selama 8 - 10 jam. Setelah}\
par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diangkat, media t
anam tersebut}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {di
dinginkan selama satu malam. }\par\pard\li1466\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx1826\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Di ruang steril, ke d
alam kantung-}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ka
ntung "adonan" serbuk kayu ditanam}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {bibit jamur. Ujung plastik yang terbuka}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ditutup dengan kapas atau gabus.}\par
\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kantung berisi media
tanam dan bibit}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{jamur tadi selanjutnya disimpan di}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ruangan bersuhu 24 - 26 oC. }\par\pard\li1466\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \*\tx1826\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se
bulan kemudian, kantung akan }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {dipenuhi miselia berwarna putih.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kantung beserta isinya dipindahkan ke }\par\pard\
li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ruang berventilasi baik se
rta bebas dari}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h
ujan dan sinar matahari langsung dan }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {salah satu ujung plastik dibelah sekitar }\par\pard\li1826
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 cm sebagai tempat munculnya ja
mur.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Setelah sek

itar sebulan, jamur siap }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars

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}}}}\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {. }\b0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {KOMPOR BAHAN BAKAR GRAJEN }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
MODALNYA murah. Hanya butuh kaleng bekas}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {roti, bambu panjangnya sekitar 40 centimeter, }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu, irisan seng, dan gra
jen (limbah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pengg
ergajian kayu, red). Semuanya, bisa didapat }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tanpa harus mengeluarkan dana besar. Mungkin,}\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hanya grajen-nya saja y
ang harus dibeli.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Harganya, sekitar Rp 2.500 per karung. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kaleng roti
berbentuk kotak ukuran sedang,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {lanjutnya, cukup untuk memasak air satu panci}\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {besar, memasak nasi lengkap dengan sa
yurnya.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk mem
buat kaleng siap pakai, di salah satu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {sisi di bagian bawah kaleng, dilubangi dengan }\par\pard\li
3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ukuran sekitar 3 x 4 cm. }\p
ar\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {"Selanjutnya, di l
ubang}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itu diberi
kayu bentuk}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kot
ak. Lalu, dari atas }\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {diberi bambu. Ini, hanya }\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {untuk mencetak saluran }\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {api dari bawah ke atas.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dalamnya kaleng, diisi}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grajen kering,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dipadatkan. Kayu dan bambu, ditarik atau dil
epas }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dari dalam
kaleng," paparnya menjlentrehkan cara}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {membuat kompor irit bahan bakar ini. }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {26 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk mempermudah nyala grajen, ditetesi}\par\pard\li
746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minyak tanah sedikit. Dan, bu
m, dengan sulutan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{korek api, kompor pun menyala dan siap digunakan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk memasak. Agar kokoh, disamping kiri kan
an }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kaleng, bisa
ditambahi batu bata. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {resep anti-panci hitam. Yakni,
di atas kompor }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
iberi lapisan seng dengan dilubangi. Maka, asap }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hitam akan terpecah tidak terfokus ke sisi bawah
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {panci atau wajan
. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {D. DARI LIMBAH MENJADI BERKAH
}\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Beribu lembar kayu irisan dengan ukuran standar

}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itu ternyata set

iap pabrik menghasilkan juga}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {limbah kayu yang ukurannya tidak standar. Limbah}\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itu ada yang besar, lebar, sempir, p
anjang dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pendek
sesuai dengan sisa gergajian dari kayu asli}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang masuk ke dalam mesin-mesin gergajian }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {otomatis yang merajai pabr
ik kayu olahan yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ada di beberapa tempat di Pontianak di}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kalimantan Barat. Kayu-kayu limbah sisa ini}\par\pard\l
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cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limbah serupa. }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Produk daur ulang kayu-plastik }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mendapat sentuhan
seni seperti yang dikerjakan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {oleh teman-temannya di Bali, mungkin bisa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {merubah limbah kayu itu menjadi \uc1\u8213
Xbenda seni\uc1\u8214X }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {yang laku jual. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Dengan tekun Yusuf merancang pembuatan tikar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dari serpian kayu dengan ukiran seni ala}\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tradisional Kaliman
tan Barat. Kayu-kayu limbah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {dengan berbagai ukuran itu dipotong memanjang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kecil-kecil seragam besar kecilnya seper
ti batang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petunju
k menurut panjang kayu aslinya. Potongan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang besar dan ukurannya sama kemudian }\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dipotong-potong lebih lanjut men
jadi potongan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {le
bih kecil lagi dalam ukuran antara 5 \uc1\u8211X 10 cm, }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6
066\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {28 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkp
age\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seakan-akan seperti bahan manik-manik dari kayu}\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dengan ukuran panjang da
n lebar yang sama..}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Masing-masing potongan mendapat empat lubang,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang apabila digabungkan dengan benang kuat }\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terbuat dari tali se
nar, kayu-kayu kecil itu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {menyatu menjadi suatu tikar permadani yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indah dan kokoh. Untuk memberi sentuhan seni}\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pada karya yang di
rajut secara manual oleh gadis-}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {gadis muda dari Kalimantan Barat itu, sebagian }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu diberi warna hitam, coklat, a
tau warna lain }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
esuai permintaan pemesannya. Kayu-kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berwarna itu dirangkai dalam gambar-gambar }\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simbul untaian tradisional, ses
uai pesanan, seperti}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {layaknya seseorang menganyam permadani yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indah. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk membuat
potongan kayu itu lembut dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {tidak mengganggu, potongan kayu yang masih}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kasar diadu sesamanya dengan mengaduk }\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potongan itu berama

-sama. Rupanya kalau sesuatu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {yang kasar saling dibenturkan terjadilah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {keajaiban, kayu-kayu potongan kecil itu buka
n }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {saling pecah d
an robek, tetapi menjadi halus dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {berkilap. Dengan cara demikian kayu-kayu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potongan kecil itu menjadi sangat hal
us, tidak }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengga
nggu dan bisa digandeng dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sesamanya membentuk permadani yang}\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {29 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgw
sxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {mempunyai nilai seni tinggi, indah, kuat dan tahan }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {banting. }\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Permadani dengan hiasan gambar pilihan selera}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pemesan dapat dipesan dengan ukuran sesu
ai}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {permintaan. }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {. }\b0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PRODUK-PRODUK ANDALAN LIMBAH }\b0 \par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {KAYU }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gagang Sapu dari Limbah Saw Mill }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ada tiga jenis gagang
sapu yang dihasilkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Achyar, yakni jenis mixed wood, white wood dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {handle wood. Ketiganya terbuat dari kayu}\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jelutung dan merant
i. Dari sisi pasar, 75%}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {pasarnya adalah Timur Tengah, sisanya dibagi di}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sejumlah negara. Pasar Timur Tengah paling
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menyukai jenis
mixed wood. Hasil produksi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {perusahaannya yang mencapai sekitar 4.000 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {batang per hari ternyata belum mampu memenuh
i}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {permintaan eksp
or dari sejumlah negara itu.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Achyar pun kemudian menampung hasil produksi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dari pengusaha gagang sapu lainnya. Dari
sini ia}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bisa mem
peroleh keuntungan sebesar 10 % sampai}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 %. }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {30
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\ma
rgtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Penggergajian kayu (saw mill
) yang berlokasi di}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {sekitar daerah konsesi HPH selalu menghasilkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limbah kayu yang tidak sedikit jumlahnya.}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maklum, dari sebatang
yang penampangnya}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{berbentuk bulat itu, pasti ada yang terbuang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ketika dibentuk menjadi balok-balok persegi}\par\p

ard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {panjang. Bagi perusahaa

n penggergajian, kayu-}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {kayu limbah yang sesungguhnya masih punya nilai}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tinggi ini kerap dianggap sebagai limbah ya
ng}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pantas untuk d
ibuang begitu saja. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Padahal sebenarnya masih banyak yang bisa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilakukan dengan limbah itu. Salah satunya adalah}\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membuatnya menjadi
gagang sapu (broom stick),}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {berukuran panjang 1,10-1,20 meter dan diameter }\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22-23 milimeter. Gagang sapu semacam i
ni bisa}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diekspor
ke Malaysia, Afrika. Taiwan, Singapura}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan Timur Tengah. Pasar-pasar dunia lain masih}\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sangat terbuka. Meski namany
a gagang sapu, }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t
entu saja benda bulat panjang ini bisa untuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produk lain seperti gagang pel, gagang sikat, da}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {gantungan handuk. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {F}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {. }\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Limbah Kayu, Dibuang Sayang
}\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Selama ini, limbah kayu hanya dimanfaatkan }\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menjadi produk berni
lai rendah seperti bahan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {bakar rumah tangga. }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {31 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Namanya memang limbah. Tapi limbah yang satu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini, sayang sekali jika dibuang. Dialah limba
h kayu.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jika diol
ah, ribuan kubik limbah kayu hasil}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {penggergajian dapat disulap menjadi papan }\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partikel untuk produk-produk cantik
seperti}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bahan bak
u mebel, kotak speaker, atau kotak }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {televisi. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teknologi pembuatan pa
pan partikel sendiri }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {terhitung sederhana, dan Indonesia sudah punya.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hanya saja, potensi industri baru tersebut k
urang }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dilirik se
rius. Di surga ukir-ukiran kayu Indonesia,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {di Jepara, Jawa Tengah, misalnya, limbah industri}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pengolahan kayu sanga
t melimpah. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {''Sayangnya, seringkali mereka hanya be
rhenti}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menjadi pr
oduk bernilai ekonomi rendah seperti}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {bahan bakar rumah tangga atau pembakaran bata }\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {merah,'' tutur Prof Bambang Su
biyanto dari UPT}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
BPP Biomaterial Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Indonesia (LIPI), beberapa waktu lalu. }\par\pard\li74

6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch

arscalex100 {Padahal, kebutuhan papan partikel di Indonesia}\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sendiri tak pernah sepi, malahan teru
s meningkat.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tiap
bulannya, ungkap Bambang, salah satu pabrik }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {furnitur terkemuka di Indonesia tercatat }\par\pard
\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {32 }\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbkpage{\shp
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}}}}\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membutuhkan paling sedikit 3.000 meter kubik }\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {papan partikel, dan merek
a mengimpornya dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Cina atau Italia lantaran minimnya pasokan lokal. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {Hot Press }\b0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Papan partikel}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
adalah produk panel}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {yang dihasilkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memanf
aatkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partikelpartikel }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kayu da
n sekaligus}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengi
katnya dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {su
atu perekat. Kenal }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {furnitur produksi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Olympic? Itulah contoh papan partikel. Salah satu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bahan baku utama papan partikel adalah limb
ah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penggergajian
kayu, termasuk limbah dari }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet. Limbah ini}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diproses menjadi padat dan keras. }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Proses pembuatan papan partikel diawali dengan }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menghancurkan limbah kayu
menjadi selumbar-}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{selumbar (partikel) dan dikeringkan sampai kadar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\sl

mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {air tertentu. Partikel yang telah dikeringkan
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dicampur dengan
perekat, dibuat hamparan, dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {dimasukkan ke dalam kempa panas (hot press),}\par\pard\li6066\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {33 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kemudian diangin-anginkan sampai mencapai kadar }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {air kering udara. }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pembuatannya relatif sederhana. Namun, dalam}\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prosesnya, banyak faktor-f
aktor yang perlu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
diperhatikan. Sebab, faktor tersebut kelak}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mempengaruhi sifat produk yang bakal dihasilkan.}\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {''Salah satu faktor ut
ama adalah kadar air}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {partikel dan jenis perekat,'' tutur Bambang. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Li
mbah kayu yang baik, menurut dia, adalah yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berkadar air sedang. Kadar air yang terlalu tinggi}
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {akan mempersulit
proses pengempaan dan proses }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {perekatan. Akibatnya, kebutuhan terhadap }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-34
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perekat meningkat. Sedangkan kadar air yan
g}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terlalu kecil j
uga akan membuat papan partikel}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {rapuh atau pecah-pecah. Kadar air sendiri}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tergantung pada kondisi udara sekeliling
nya.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sebab, papan
partikel terdiri dari bahan bersifat}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {higroskopis yang akan menyerap uap air dari atau}\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ke udara sekelilingnya. }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adapun jenis perekat yang terbaik adalah IC. Hal }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini, menurut Bambang,
dibuktikan lewat penelitian }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Mal ari dan kawan-kawan pada 1985. Selain IC,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jenis perekat yang sering digunakan ad
alah UF,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PF, atau
kombinasi perekat melamin seperti urea}\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {34 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pg
hsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {melamin formaldehida (UMF) dan phenol melamin}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formaldehida (PMF). ''Namun mereka kalah ku
at }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dibanding IC,
terutama pada kayu meranti,''. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kayu meranti sendir
i tercatat sebagai kayu }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {terbaik untuk menghasilkan papan partikel dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kualitas unggul. Riset Bambang pada 198
6}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menggunakan kay
u jenis sengon menunjukkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {bahwa kayu sengon menghasilkan sifat-sifat}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333

\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {papan yang tak lebih unggul ketimbang kayu}

\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {meranti. Dalam pe
nilitian ini, jenis perekat yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {digunakan adalah IC, PMF, dan UF. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Kayu jati Jepara }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Selain kadar air dan jenis perekat, indikator lain }\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang mempengaruhi kualitas produksi
papan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partikel a
dalah zat ekstraktif. Kandungan zat}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ekstraktif yang tinggi, kata Bambang, akan }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menghambat pengerasan zat perekat.
Akibatnya,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncu
l pecah-pecah pada papan yang dipicu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {te}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kanan ekstraktif yang mudah m
enguap pada}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prose
s pengempaan. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sebagian besar limbah kayu di Jepara,
menurut}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dia, adal
ah kayu jati. Padahal kayu jenis ini diduga }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memiliki kandungan zat ektraktif tipikal yang}\par\p
ard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {35 }\par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\
margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dapat mempengaruhi sifat-sifat papan p
artikel}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang diha
silkan. ''Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penelitian tentang teknologi pembuatan papan}\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partikel berbahan baku lim
bah kayu jati Jepara}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {secara khusus,'' paparnya. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sebagai pusat ukir-u
kiran di Indonesia, Jepara}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {memiliki limbah berlimpah yang perlu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diberdayakan secara maksimal. Namun, diakuinya }\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perlu investasi mil
iaran pada tahap awal. Untuk }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {risetnya saja, misalnya, paling sedikit dibutuhkan }\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lebih dari Rp 110 juta. Ini untu
k penelitian }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ber
basis bahan baku kayu khas Jepara. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jika ditaksir, i
nvestasi untuk pabrik papan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {partikel berkapasitas kecil saja (20 meter kubik }\par\pard\li746\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {per hari) sekitar Rp 2,5 miliar. Na
mun, jika telah}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b
erjalan, ini bisa menjadi industri potensial. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Harga jual papan partikel produk Olympic,}\par\par
d\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contohnya, sekitar 130 do
lar AS per meter}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
persegi. Tak hanya terbatas di Jepara, berbagai}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sentra pengolahan kayu di Indonesia memiliki}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {peluang yang sama. }
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Papan partikel unggul }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Keunggulan sebuah papan partikel diukur lewat }
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kerapatannya. Mak

in tinggi kerapatan papan }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par

d\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {36 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parti
kel, makin tinggi kekuatannya. Kerapatan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {papan partikel sendiri adalah suatu ukuran }\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kekompakan partikel dalam sa
tu lembaran. ''Ia}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sangat tergantung pada kerapatan kayu yang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {digunakan dan tekanan yang diberikan selama}\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proses pengempaan,'' teran
g Bambang. Faktor }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{kecepatan kempa (penutupan), waktu dan suhu}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kempa akan mempengaruhi besarnya kerapatan }\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {akhir papan partikel yan
g dihasilkan. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ada beragam tipe papan partikel. FAO (
1958) }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mengklasif
ikasikan papan partikel berdasarkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {kerapatannya, yakni papan partikel berkerapatan }\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rendah (Low Density Board) d
an sedang (Medium }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Density Board). }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Papan partikel berkerapatan renda
h memiliki}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kerapa
tan antara 0,24 - 0,40 g/cm3. Papan tipe}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini mempunyai sifat isolator terhadap panas dan }\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suara serta dapat diguna
kan untuk pembuatan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {mebel yang tidak memerlukan kekuatan besar.}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sementara papan partikel berkerapatan sedang}\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memiliki kerapatan an
tara 0,40 - 0,80 g/cm3. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Papan tipe ini biasanya digunakan untuk bagian }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atas dari meja, lemari, rak buku dan seba
gainya. }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li6066\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {37 }\par\pard\sect\sec
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8\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-546\slmu
lt0 \fs32\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PENUTUP }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potensi bahan baku kayu yag belum}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termanfaatkan adalah sebesar 2,03 juta
m3/th}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk indu
stri pengolahan kayu. Limbah dari}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {industri pengolahan kayu dapat dimanfaatkan }\par\pard\li746\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menjadi arang serbuk dengan teknolo
gi kiln semi}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kont
inyu, briket arang, arang aktif, arang kompos,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {soil conditioning Hasil sosialisasi arang kompos }
\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dapat menghemat p
engeluaran bulanan keluarga }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {dan lebih menyuburkan lahan tanah. Namun}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-346\
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ng}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sudah biasa di
lakukan oleh masyarakat }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca

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\charscalex100 {http://kompas.com/kompas-}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {cetak/0404/26/daerah/989839.htm }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {Dari Hutan ke Nokia }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Maret 26, 2007 oleh Anang Purwantoro }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {MANFAA
T SERBUK GERGAJI }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.indomedia.com/Intisari/2000/april/gerg
aji.htm"}}{\fldrslt {http://www.indomedia.com/Intisari/2000/april/gergaji.htm }}
}}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {POTENSI
DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {KAYU}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://tumoutou.
net/702_07134/dina_setyawati.htm"}}{\fldrslt {http://tumoutou.net/702_07134/dina

_setyawati.htm }}}}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\r

i0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http
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rdeka.com/harian/0402/05/kot23.htm }}}}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f3\charscalex100 {PERJALANAN ARA
NG \uc1\u8220XIMPROVED\uc1\u8221X SEBAGAI BAHAN }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {BAKAR YANG BERSIH, PANAS TINGGI DAN TAHAN }\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {LAMA }\par\pard\li746
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { (pengalaman Yayasan Dian Tama,
Pontianak) }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Email
: diantama@pontianak.wasantara.net.id }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Sumber: ASAP Edisi 10, April 2004 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Penulis : robith }\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {ARANG AKTIF }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{(P}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {engenalan dan Proses Pembuatannya) }\par\pard\l
i746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {MEILITA TRYANA SEMBIRING, ST
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {TUTI SARMA SINA
GA, ST }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Jurusan T
eknik Industri }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {39 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fakultas Teknik
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Universitas Suma
tera Utara }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-2
93\slmult0 \*\tx4346\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Al port, H. Burnham (1977), }
\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Activated Carbon}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {,}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Encycloped
ia of Science and }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{Technology, Mc Graw Hil Book Company, New York, v }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1:69. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2906\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
Anonymous (1979), }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Mutu dan Cara Uji Arang A
ktif, }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Stan
dar lndustri Indonesia}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,No. 0258-79, Departem
en }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Perindustrian
RI : 1-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2.}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\
li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {Anonymous (1982), }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Prototwe Al
at Pembuatan Arang}\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {Aktif dan Asap CairTempurung}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {, Badan
Penelitian dan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{Pe}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ngembangan lndustri, Dept.Perindusutrian RI : 1
-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {7.}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx5186\fs22\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {Azan, Dahlius; Rudyanto, J. S (1983), }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Pembuatan }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Karbon Akin dari Tempurung Inti Sawit}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {, Balai Penelitian }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {dan Pengembangan Industri, Medan: 7-15. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx4306\fs22\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {Cheremisinoff; Morresi (1978). }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Carb
on Adsorption }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Applications, Carbon Adsorption Handbook}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,
Ann Arbor }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Scie
nce Publishers, Inc, Michigan; 7-}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {8.}\fs22\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Doying, E.G (1976), Edited by Kir

k-Othmer, John Wiley }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale

x100 {and Sons, Inc, New York, V4: 149-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {156.}\fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx3560\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Field, Joseph. H (1
977), }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Charcoal, Encyclopedia of }\i0 \par\p
ard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Science and Technolog
y}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {, Mc }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Gr}\fs22\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {aw}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-Hill Book Company, }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {New York, V3 :15. }\par\pa
rd\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {Pohan, H.g; dkk (1984/1985), }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {Pengembang Pembuatan }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Arang Aktif Tahap II dari Tempurung Kelapa,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {Balai Besar }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri Hasil }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Pertanian, Bogor; 4-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {8.}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
40 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {Samaniego, R; A. I de Leon (1940), }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {Activated Carbon }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {From Some Agricultural Waste Products}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {, The Philippine }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {Agriculturist, V 29, No.4: 275-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {295.}\fs2
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Widjaja A.P; Darjo, S (1980), }{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Pemb
uatan Arang Aktif }\i0 \par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {dengan cara destilasi Kering Tempurung II}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {, Komunikasi }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {Balai Penelitian Kimia Bogor, no. 190:2-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {22.}\fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anonim. 1967. Japanese I
ndustrial Standard. Testing}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {method for powdered activated carbon. JIS K-1474. }\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Japanese Standard Association,
Tokyo. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anonim. 1995. Arang aktif teknis. Standar
Nasional }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Indon
esia (SNI) 06-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3730}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-199
5, Jakarta. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anonim. 2000. Sambutan Mentri Kehutan
an dan}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {perkebuna
n pada seminar nasional kehutanan Masa }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {depan industri hasil hutan (kayu) di Indonesia.}\p
ar\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Departemen Kehutana
n dan Pekebunan, Jakarta }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anonim. 1995. Penilaian
rendemen dan produktivitas}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {pabrik kayu lapis PT Erna juliawati di Sanggau, }\par\pard\li746\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Kalimantan Barat. Kerjasama ant
ara P3HHSEK dengan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {PT Erna Djuliawati, Bogor. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {anonim. 1997. Fores
try statistic of Indonesia. Secretary }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {General of Forestry. Ministry of
Forestry and E
state }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Crops, Bur

eau of Planning, Jakarta. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard

\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Gusmailina, G. Pari dan
S.Komarayati. 1999. Teknologi }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {penggunaan arang dan arang aktif
sebagai soil }\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {conditioning pada tanaman kehu
tanan. Laporan proyek. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {Pusat Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor (Bahan publikasi). }\par\pard\li6066
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-373\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {41 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pgh
sxn11893\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 { Gusmailina, S.Komarayati dan T. Nurhayati. 1990. }\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Pemanfaatan residu fermentasi pad
at sebagai kompos }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {pada pertumbuhan anakan Eucalyptus urophyl a, Jurnal }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Penelitian Hasil Hutan. (4):157-}\fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {163}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 { Gusmailina, Pari, G dan S. Komarayati. 2002. Laporan }\par\pard\li746\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {kerjasama penelitian P3THH }\fs24\cf
0\f3\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { JIPFRO. Bogor }\par
\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Hartoyo, Ando, J dan H. Roliadi. 1978.Pembuatan briket }\
par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {arang dari 5 jenis
kayu Indonesia Pusat Penelitian Hasil }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Hutan. Report No 103 }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Hendra,
Pari, G. 2001. Laporan hasil sosialiasi arang}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {kompos di Sukabumi, Bogor. }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 { Komarayati, S. 1996. Pemanfaatan serbuk gergaji }\par\pard\li746\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {limbah industri sebagai kompos. Bu
letin Penelitian Hasil }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {Hutan 14 (9): 337-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {343}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Komarayati, S., R.Sudrajat dan I.P Adhi.
1992. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Pemanfaat
an kompos anaerobik untuk meningkatkan }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {pertumbuhan Albizia falcataria. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil
}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Hutan 10 (4): 1
25-}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {129}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li74
6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 { Komarayati, S. 1993. Pemanfaatan serbuk gergaji, }\par\pard\li7
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {tanah latosol dan residu fe
rmentasi sebagai medium }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {tumbuh bibit sengon. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 11 }\par\pard
\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(2): 74-}\fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {79}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Martawija
ya, A. and P. Sutigno (1990, January 22). }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Increasing the efficiency and productivity o
f wood}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {processin
g through the minimization and utilization of }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {wood residues. Seminar on Wood Technology, Jak
arta. }\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(in Indone
sian). }\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\

ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\cha

rscalex100 {42 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn8386\pghsxn11893\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn173\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1880\*\tx4146\*\tx4866\*\tx5493\fs24\
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3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6066
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f1\charscalex100 {43 }\par}