NUTRITIONAL NEED IN GROUPS OF LIFE

CYLE

The need of foods is defend on the body condition, mainly :

Activity :

Activity
Sex ( gender)
Ages

energy :
Average adults :
Basal energy metabolism
Sedentary activity
Light activity
Moderate activity
Heavy
Very heavy

1,1 calori/kg /jam/hari

BEM + 30 %
BEM + 50 %
BEM + 75 %
BEM + 100 %
BEM + 125 % more

NUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD

INFANT

growth and development

Determined by :
- Characters of the parents
- Nutrition quality of the mother during pregnancy
- Good nutrition for the child
Well nourished infant, required :
- normal weight
- normal length
- body stature
- body freshness
- development (behaviour)

Nutritional need :

- exclussive breast feeding (first 4 mounths)

- BF is more better than bottle and artificial feeding

-

Breast fed

Infant need

cheap
practice
ready
sufficient
digestable
sterile
tasted
complete nutrients
equal in ages
equal temperature
laxative
humoral immunity
etc.

- regularly
- sufficient
- volunteer

high protein, mineral, vitamins

Nearly 90 % of the mothers can give breast fed to her baby

The product of the mothers milk tightly correlated to the mothers health
(physical and mental) and nutritional state.

Contra indication of BF :
- mothers disease (chronic)
- gravidity
- work out side
- baby -------sick
congenital abnormality (hare lip)
anticipation :
- breast pump
- artificial feeding
Colostrum :

- 1 3 days after delivery

- yellowish
- watery

Weaning -------

acid taste
laxative
high protein
high vitamin A

2 years

Artefial feeding : - bottle feeding

- cows milk
- sheeps milk
- formulated feeding

Supplemen :

vit. A, vit. C, vit D (after 3 months)

solid food (after 4 months)

Pre natal concept

The mothers must be in good nutrition prior to conception and maintained
throught pregnancy, labor and the period after birth.
It is need to avoid few complications of the mother with :
- good diet --- habitual used
- sanitay / environemental hygene
- good medical care
health mother
health baby
safety birth
normal delivery

Low Birth Weight

Under nourished mother will get baby in low birth weight
1.5 kg ------ average age --- one week
2 kg ------ tendence to be better
Normal birth weight in average of 2.5 kg --- 3 kg
Weight increase of pregnant mother in the first 20 weeks is 3.5 kg and rices
in average open weight 0.5 kg / week until 12.5 kg at aterm

weight less ---- 50 %

----- medical care and
nutrition improvement
- weight over ---- obesity ----- hipertension ----- eclampsia
The common risks to pregnant mother :
Under nourished --- still birth
--- perinatal mortality
Over nourished --- hypertension
--- high birth weight
high maternal morbidity and mortality
DIET IN PREGNANCY
No specificity, depends on socio economic and environmental condition.
High intake of protein, Ca and Fe
in first trimester --- Hb minimum 12.5 mg %
-

diet ; meat, fruits, vegetables

Hb test weekly
Supplementation of Fe
Energy, --- balance (intake out put)

DIET FOR LACTATING MOTHER

Pricipally, it is nearly the same with the pregnancy period (arrange the
balance of intake and out put)

NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD
In his period the child is in slowly increase of growth and development, and
rices again in the period of adolescence.
Growth
---- increase in size
Development ---- increase in the complexity of function, enclose the
metabolic system, coordination and mental and
behavioural changes.
The stages of age :

Infant
preschool age
school age
adolescence
young adult
adult
elderly
old (aged)

Under nourish children

Might caused by :-

(0 - 1 years )
(1 - 5 years )
(6 - 12 years)
(teen agers --- 12 18 years)
(18 25 years)
(25 50 years)
(50 70 years)

poor breakfast (no appetite, poor or no food)

poor lunch (less food / nourishement, no school meal
program, more snacks)
poor snacks (taste is the first)
over used (one kind of food )
irregular eating habit (no guidance)
to avoid : -

take food complements

guidance
try and try to consume good food

pay attention to :
appetite
discipline
condition
guidance

NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE (TEEN AGERS)

The requirements
occurs at puberty
-

are conditioned primarily by the spurt in growth which

increased appetite (snacks between meals)
obesity is common (girls)
self imposed dieting
common problem :
- anorexsia nervosa
- less intake iodine

Teen agers concerns to their second growth and development

- body size and shape
- attractiveness
- vitalty
- sexual development
- social approve
indefendence
decision
freedom
- emotional stress
(negative N and mineral balance)
Food selection :
-

emphasized :
milk
- green / deep yellow veg.
- fruits, --- citrus, etc
(equivalent amount of protein, minerals and
vitamins)
Snack : - of calorie requirement
Food habits : boy and girls have respectively interested

appeals
-

palatable
nutrients enrichement
(purchase, self preparation)

NUTRITION IN AGED
Gerontology
Geriatrics

- study of the aging process

medical approach to older person

The characteristics of golden age : health (physic and mental)

- supporting (family)
- a role in community
- hobby
- busy
- recreation

sense of security
feeling needed
spirited

Physical changes
:
degenerative procsess
Recommendation
:
- energy : decrease of activity (light level)
- easily to be obese
protein : need more protein (milk)
fat, ch : restricted --- equal to the activity
minerals : Ca --- common need
Fe --- slightly reduced
Hb 13 13.5 mg %
Need - food supplementation
vit A, vit C, vit B complex
- medical care ---- posyandu lansia