विवेक विचार: ऑगस्ट २०१५

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Rs.2500/(20 Years)
Rs.3000
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email : vivekvichar@vkendra.org
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Y_m`mM _m`_mVyZ hmoVrc. Eadr Vwhr {H$Vrhr
hmVnm` AmnQ>coV Am{U AmH$XZo Ho$crV, Var `mMm
H$mhrhr Cn`moJ Zmhr.
am>r` OrdZgJrVmMm mUda
òH$ XoemMr dV:Mr Aer EH$ d{eQ>nyU

H$m`nVr AgVo. H$mhr amOH$maUm`m _m`_
mVyZ H$m_ H$aVmV, H$mhr gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUm`m
_m`_mVyZ, Va H$mhr A` H$mao. Amn`m~m~V
Y_ hoM Ho$di _m`_ Amho. Bpce _mUgmcm
Y_ amOH$maUm`m _m`_mVyZ H$iVmo, A_o[aH$Z
_mUgmcm H$Xm{MV gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUm_YyZ Y_ H$ioc.
nU qhXycm amOH$maU H$ioc Vohr Y_m`m _m`_mVyZ,
g_mOem Amco nm{hOo Vohr Y_mVyZM, gd H$mhr H$ioc Vo
Y_m`m _m`_mVyZM. H$maU qhXy am>r` OrdZgJrVmMm
Y_ hm mUda Amho. ~mH$s gmao da ho `m damMo
gdmXr da AmhoV.
amOH$s` dm{_d hm EImm XoemMm mUda Agy
eHo$c. Y_ Am{U A` Jmo>r ho `mMo gdmXr da
AgVrc. nU hm EH$ Xoe Agm Amho H$s, A`m_
Am{U Ma_ `mJ hoM BWco OrdZda AmhoV. `m XoemMo
gy Ago H$s, {XgUmao-^mgUmao OJ hr XmoZ {XdgmMr
_m`m Amho. hUyZ Am_XeZmnwT>o {dkmZ, Cn^moJ,
gmm, gnmr, Zmd, H$sVu `m gd Jmo>r Xw`_ AmhoV.
òH$ qhXy _wcmV Am`mp_H$Vm Am{U dm{eH$ ewVm
hr OUy O_OmV AgVo. qhXy am>r` Mm[a`mMo ah`
{ddoH$mZXmMo {dMma
Ago H$s, nmMm` {dm, gm_`, gmm Am{U H$sVuhr
Vmo Am_XeZmnwT>o VwN> _mZVmo.
Amnco A`m_ T>nUo Y$Z R>odm
_mPo ho eX cjmV R>odm : Vwhr Oa Amnco

A`m_ gmoSy>Z {XcoV Am{U npM_o`m ^m{VH$dmXr
OrdZgaUr`m nmR>r_mJo cmJcmV Va VrZM {nT>mV
Vw_Mm de Zm_eof hmoBc; H$maU am>r` Mm[a`mMm
H$UmM _moSy>Z nS>oc ! am>OrdZmMr C^maUr `m
nm`mda hm`Mr, Vmo nm`mM IMoc ! Am{U CaVrc
Ho$di {dZmem`m IwUm.
hUyZ _m`m {_mZmo ! gdmV n{hcr Am{U
_hdmMr Jmo> Oa H$mhr Agoc Va Amnco A`m_.
Amn`m nydOmZr Amn`mcm {Xcoco ho A_moc YZ
X`mer K> Y$Z R>odm. Agm Xoe Vwhmcm _mhrV
Amho H$m H$s, OoWrc _moR>o _moR>o g_mQ> Amncr
Hw$cnanam H$mo`m amOmer ZoD$Z {^S>dV ZmhrV; AWdm
X`mImo`mV cnyZ amhUm`m, doir-Adoir cmoH$mZm
cwQ>Um`m H$mo`m n|T>mar gaXmamer OmoS>V ZmhrV;
Va H$mnrZYmar, dZmV amhUm`m ~do`m F$fter
ZoD$Z OmoS>VmV ? qhXwWmZ hm Agm Xoe Amho. BVa
Xoem_Yco Y_m`j Amncr Hw$cnanam H$moUmVar
amOmn`V ZoD$Z {^S>dVmV. nU òWo _m _moR>o _moR>o
amOo Amn`m Hw$imMo _yi mMrZ F$ft`m Zmdmer
ZoD$Z OmoS>VmV. hUyZ A`m_mda Vw_Mm {dmg Agmo
AJa Zgmo, Vwhmcm am>OrdZmgmR>r A`m_mcm T>
Y$Z am{hcoM nm{hOo. EH$m hmVmZo Amnco A`m_
K> Y$Z R>odm Am{U Xwg`m hmVmZo A` demH$Sy>Z
Vwhmcm Oo Oo H$mhr KoUo e` Amho Vo gd `m. _m
Amn`m am>r` OrdZò`mnwT>o A` gd Jmo>r Xw`_
AmhoV ho {dg$ ZH$m. `mVyZM qhXwWmZMm Anyd,
^`V_ ^{d`H$mc {>nWmV òBc. _mPr lm
Amho H$s Vmo {ZH$Q> Amho. `mnydu H$Yrhr ZhVo Ago
qhXwWmZmMo Cdc, CdcV_ {M _cm >rnwT>o
{XgV Amho.
***
ò`mMr oaUm `$s`m OrdZmV AZwemgZ {Z_mU H$aVo.
B{Vhmg
d{XH$ dmL>_` Am{U dXo _mVa_

{_qbX g~Zrg
dXo _mVa_ EH$ emoY

`m JWmVyZ gm^ma
9422881783
~{H$_MmZr XJ}bm, H$mbr_mVobm ^maV_mVo`m d$nmV nm{hbo. `m dV:`m

O_^y_rbm _mVnyOoMr OmoS> {Xbr. ~{H$_MmZr O_^y_rbm Oo _mV$nmV nm{hbo,
`m`m _yi gH$nZm Amn`m mMrZ doXdmL>_`m_ò {_iVmV.

dV: ~{H$_M mMrZ dmL>_`mMo A`mgH$
Ag`m_wio `m doXdmL>_`mVrb H$nZmMm `m`mda
^md AgUo dm^m{dH$M Amho. `m mMrZ dmL>_`mMm
AmYma KoVM dXo _mVa_ `m JrVmVyZ, `m _mVyZ
_mV^y_rMr, {V`m nyOZmMr H$nZm A{YH$ T> Ho$br.
Amnbo mMrZ dmL>_` hUOo `m H$mimVrb JV
gH$Vr gmJUmao nwamdo AmhoV. doXH$mimVrb F$fr_wZtMm
OrdZmH$So> nmh`mMm {>H$moZ `m_YyZ {XgV AgVmo.
^maVr` gH$Vr`m, {dMmaYmao`m, _yi moVm`m
CJ_m_ò _mVdXZo{df`r ^m` {XgVo. ^maVm`m
{d{dY XoemVrb CIZZm_ò gmnS>bo`m dVy_ò
_mVH$m_yVvMo _mU _moR>o Amho. A_`wJrZ gH$VrnmgyZ
Vo qgYy gH$Vrn`V`m B{VhmgnydH$mimV Am{U _m`
gH$VrnmgyZ gw$ Pmbo`m B{VhmgH$mimV _mVH$m_
yVvZm {deof WmZ hmoVo. AmOhr dZdmgr, Am{Xdmgr
~mYdm`m OrdZ gH$VrVhr _mVnyOZm`m nanao`m
IwUm AmT>iVmV.
dXo _mVa_Mo ò> A`mgH$ lr. ^mZweH$a
_ohVm `mZr Amn`m boIm_ò d{XH$ dmL>_`mVrb
_mVdXZo~b MMm Ho$br Amho. Vo {b{hVmV, ^maVr`
Y_gH$Vr A{Ve` CXma Amho. {H$Zm`mMo ~YZ
Agbobr Vr ZXr Zmhr, Va {j{VOmn`V ngabobm Vmo
{dVrU gmJaM Amho. ^maVm`m `m F$fr_wZtZr H$Yrhr
Aem MVw:gr_m Agbo`m am`mMm O`Kmof Ho$bm Zmhr,
Va `mZr A`V _ZmnmgyZ gd ndrMrM Zho Va gm`m
{dmVrb _mZdOmVr`m _Jb H$`mUmMr BN>m JQ>
Ho$br. \$$ ^maVr` gH$VrVM dgwYd Hw$Qw>~H$_
hr H$nZm $Obr Amho. `m_wio dm^m{dH$M `m
dmL>_`mV ^maV _mVm H$s O` Agm Zmam {_iV Zmhr.
ndr_mVm hoM `mMo gdd hmoVo.
A` {ZO: namo dm dVr JUZm bKwMoVgm &
CXmaM[aVmZm Vw dgwYd Hw$Qw>~H$_ &
doXm_ò `mM ndrMo VdZ Ho$bo Amho. AZoH$
F$Mm_ò Ka, gwIgnmrMr BN>m, amoJ_w$s, XrKm`wfr
B{Vhmg
H$a`mMr mWZm Amho. `m gdmVyZ Ago Hw$R>ohr VrV
hmoV Zmhr, H$s ho gd \$$ ^maV XoemVrb Am`mgmR>rM
CnbY Amho. BWo Va gd ndrda`m _mZdOmVr`m
H$`mUmgmR>r mWZm Amho. ^maVr` dmL>_`m`m >rZo
dXo _mVa_Mm AW ndr _mVm qH$dm ^y_mVobm dXZ
Agm Amho. hm O`Kmof Hw$Um`mhr {d$ Zmhr. CbQ>
YaVrda`m òH$mV, Vmo Hw$R>`mhr XoemMm, Y_mMm
dm gXm`mMm Agbm, Var `mZo `m ^y_mVoMr _mVr
MXZ g_OyZ H$nmimbm bmdmdr Am{U ^{$^mdmZo
_w$ H$R>mZo hUmdo dXo _mVa_. ho AmB, Amhr Vw`mM
_mS>rda O_mbm Ambmo AmhmoV Am{U A{V_V:
Vw`mVM gm_mdyZ OmUma AmhmoV. `m_wio ho AmB,
VwPm {dO` Agmo. dXo _mVa_!
dXo _mVa_ ho eX mMrZ ^maVr`mZr gm{JVbo`m
{dm_ gH$VrMo XeZM Amho. `m ^y_rda, `m
YaVrda Amhr O_mbm Ambmo, Vr ^y_r Amhmbm
_mVog_mZM Amho. _J `m O_^y_rbm _mVoMrM Cn_m
H$m mdr? H$maU doXmVM Ago XmIbo {Xbo AmhoV _mVVmo`mZo XodmopV V_mnw`m gXm gwV:
(_wbmgmR>r _mVm gdmV nyOZr` Amho. _mVm
AgVmZm Xg`m XodmMr Amd`H$VmM Zmhr), qH$dm
d_mo OJVm _mVm (AmBbm OJ_mVm, Ame$s
g_OyZ {VMr godm H$amdr), _mm g_ ZmpV eara
nmofU_ (AmBgmaIo nmbZnmofU Xgao H$moUrhr H$$ eH$V
Zmhr), Am`w: nw_mZ è: dJH$s{V nw`~b{l`m_ new,
gwI, YZ, Ym` mZw`m_mVdXZmV (AmBMr T>{Z>oZo
godm H$aUm`mbm Am`w`, YZ, Ym`, gnmr, nw`,
~i, newYZ gd H$mhr m hmoVo.)
naVw _mV^Vr \$V O_Xm`m AmBn`V _`m{XV
amhV Zmhr. gmjmV ~Xod Amn`m Am{XeVr`m
gmmZo g>rMr aMZm H$aVmo Am{U hrM Am{XeVr
OJ_mVo`m d$nmV nyOZr` hmoVo.
`m Xodr gd^yVofw _mV$noU gpWVm hrM
AmB {dOZZr, dZ_mo{hZr AmB Amho. edmbm
gmYH$, gm` Am{U gmYZm `m`m gwgdmXmVyZ ò`mr hmoVo.
B{Vhmg
{edmMo $n XoUmar Amho. ZmamÙmMr lr Amho.
eVrMo, _mVCnmgZoMo ho $n A`V mMrZ Amho.
Ho$di qhXy Y_mVM Zmhr, Va ~w_mVm, òey pVmMr
AmB _oar hr _mV$nohr gd {dmV {g AmhoV.
`mM _mVeVrMr AZw^yVr Ko`mgmR>r gadVrMr nyOm
Amn`mH$So> M{bV Amho. {dOZZrMo hoM $n ^y_
mVo`m d$nmV JQ> hmoVo. ndrXodrMm _ Amho Amo_ t lt dgwYm` dmhm.
`m ndr_mVoMr VwVr Aer Ho$br Amho.
_Jbo _JbmYmao _mJò _JbXo
_JbmW _Jboeo _Jb Xo{h_o ^do &&
gde`mbò gde`mT>o gde`Xo
gde` hao H$mbo gde`mp_Ho$ ^do &&
^y_o ^y{_ngddo ^y{_nmbnamÙo
^y{_nmZm gwIH$ao ^y{_Xo{h ^y{_Xo &&
^maVmV`m A`mgH$mZr `m {dmbm {dOZZr,
{d${nUr, _hmeVr, gmX`_`r ($ndmZ rMo $n)
Am{U na_ H$`mU_`r AmB`m $nmMr CVr {Xbr
Amho. F$doXmV ndrbm _mVm AgoM g~moYbo Amho.
m_} {nVm Zm{^ ~Y_} _mVm n{Wdr _hr`_
ndrMo {M_`, MoVZ d$nhr ^yXodr Amho.
^maVr` gH$VrV gH$mir CR>VmjUrM `m ^y_mVobm
nXne H$a`mnydu {VMr j_m _m{JVbr OmVo.
g_wdgZo Xo{d, ndVVZ_S>bo
{dUwnpZ & Z_Vw` nmXne j_d_o &&
Aer hr dJmnojm {` Agbobr ^y_r, _mPr _mVm
Am{U _rM `m ndr_mVoM nw.
_mVm ^y{_: nwmoh n{W`m: &
dXo _mVa_gmaIoM ^md Agbo`m F$Mm F$doXmV
AmhoV.
AWddoXm`m mXe _S>bmVrb n{Wdr gyV `m
ZmdmZo {g Agbo`m H${dVoV ogQ> F$Mm_ò
ndr_mVo{df`r`m BVa doXmV Ambo`m {dMmamMm
g_mdoe Amho. OZZr d {VMr Anò `m_Ybm _mZdr
AmB Am{U _yb

hS>nm gH$Vr
OrdZmVbm g~Y _mV^y_r`m Aem gX^mV A{Ve`
H$nH$VoZo `m gwVmV {dVmabobm Amho. _mVm Amn`m
_wbmda gwgH$ma KS>dVo. `m gdmH$So> g_d ~wrZo
nmhVo. `m`m ~wrMm {dH$mg Cm_ hmdm hUyZ
`Z H$aVo. dV: AWdZ F$fr `m gwVmMm H$Vm
Amho. `m`mM ZmdmZo EH$ gnyU doX AWddoX hUyZ
AmoiIbm OmVmo. `mZo `m H${dVoV Aem gd H$nZmMm
AmYma KoD$Z OZZr d O_^y_r `m_Yrb gmY` JQ>
Ho$bo Amho. hr gmY`mMr ^mdZm {MaVZ Amho. ^maVr`
B{VhmgmV {VMm AdmMrZ d ^mdr Am{dH$ma dXo
_mVa_ `m Amn`m am>JrVmV Pmbm Amho.
(O_Xm IS> 3 am _mVm ^w{_: `m lr. lrYa dmgwXod
gmohmoZr `m`m boImVyZ)
`mM AWddoXmV`m EH$m Cmam_H$ gyVmV
_mV^y_r Amn`m namH$_r nwmZm gmJVo, _r am>eVr
Amho. _r YZmg EH${V H$aUmar Amho. nyOZr`mV _r
ny` Amho. Amn`m BN>o_mUo `mg BpN>Vo `mg
CJdra H$$ eH$Vo. `mg ~ AWdm Cm_ ~w{dmZ
F$fr H$$ eH$Vo. _mPm An_mZ H$aUm`m Zme hmoVmo.
dmgZoM CXmmrH$aU hmM, Cn^moJ Am{U dmgZm `m`m X>MH$mVyZ gwQ>`mMm EH$_od Cnm` Amho.

ho lmdmZ _Zw`m, Vy ho EoH$. _r dV: ho gmJV Amho.
am>mMo nmbZ H$aUm`mgM _r am>m`m A{YH$mamda
{Z`wV H$aVo`.
`m n{Wdr gyVmV gwadmVrg ^maVr` gH$VrVrb
AmYma^yV Vdo Ambr AmhoV. ZVa npdnwmZr
^y_mVonmer Ho$bo`m mWZm Am`m AmhoV d eodQ>r
_mVoMo AmerdmX _m{JVbo AmhoV.
dXo _mVa_ _mUoM `m F$Mm_YyZ ndr_mVo`m
^mJmo{bH$ {deofmMo AmbH$m[aH$ dUZ Ambo Amho.
`m doXm_mUoM BVa gH$V dmL>_`mVhr
_mV_JbVoMo JwUJmZ Ho$bo Amho. dmp_H$snmgyZ
H$m{bXmgmn`V gdmZmM `mMm _moh nS>bm hmoVm.
dm_rH$s am_mÙmV amdUdYmZVa Eo`nyU bHo$da
lram_mZr am` H$amdo, Ago b_U gwMdVmo. `mda
lram_ hUVmV, b_Um, `m gmo`m`m bHo$V _bm
AmH$fU dmQ>V Zmhr.
OZZr, hr O_^y_r `m dJmnojm Wmoa Amho.
A{n dU_`r bH$m Z _o b_U amoMVo &
OZZr O_^y{_ dJmX{n Jar`gr &&
hr ndrM, _mV^y_rM gd OJVmV lo> H$m Amho?
H$maU hr ^y_r gdH$mbrZ Amho. {hMo ApVd
{MaWm`r Amho. H$mbmZw$n BWbr Om ~Xbob;
nU ^y_r _m gZmVZ amhUma. hUyZM {gH$Xam`m
AmH$_UmnmgyZ Y_mY _wgb_mZm`m AmH$_Umn`V
qH$dm `mnm`mMo gm|J KoD$Z òWo gmm Mmb{d`m`m
hoVyZo Ambo`m YyV BJOmgmaIr {H$Vrhr AmH$_Uo
BWo Ambr, Var òWrb gH$Vr, d{XH$ {eH$dU
`mMo WmZ A~m{YV am{hbo Amho. `m _mV^y_rgmR>r
Amnbm Ordhr AmodmiyZ Q>mH$Umao bmImo dra
`mM oaUoVyZ O_mbm Ambo. _J `m _mV^y_rbm
Amhr Am{Xe{$`m, OJX~o`m d$nmV nm{hbo.
_{hfmgwamgma`m AgwamMo _XZ H$aUm`m aUam{JUr
_{hfmgwa_{XZr`m d$nm_ò `m ^y_rda AmH$_U
B{Vhmg
H$aUmao naH$s` AmH$_H$ Amhmbm {V`m nm`Xir
VwS>d`m Jobo`m X`mgmaIo ^mgy bmJbo. hUyZM
{V`m Zwg`m _aUmZo, XeZmZohr X`mMo {ZXmbZ
H$a`mMr oaUm Xoe^VmZm {_iy bmJbr. lr. AaqdX
{b{hVmV, H$amoS>mo _Zw`mMr Aml`Xm`r epVd${nUr
~h^wOmpdVm, ~h~bYm[aUr Aer ^maVOZZr EH$
Xdr eVr Amho. hrM _mVm Amho. hrM Xodr Amho.
hrM OJmZZr H$mbr d$n Amho. `m {Xder AmnU
`m _mV^y_rMo AIS> d$nmV XeZ KoD$, `mM {Xder
^maVm`m EH$VoMm _mJ gwb^ hmoBb. {OWo EH$ Xoe
Amho, EH$ AmB Amho, {VWo EH$ {Xdg EH$Vm hr
òUmaM Am{U AZoH$ Om{VnW {_iyZ EH$ A{Ve`
~{b> Am{U AOo` Aer OmV {Z_mU hmoBb. `m
EH$mM _mVo`m J^mVyZ O_ Pmbm Amho. `m EH$mM
_mVo`m Hw$erV AmnU amhVmo AmhmoV. `mM _mVo`m
nMVdmV AmnU gd {_giUma AmhmoV.
F$fr ~{H$_MmZr `mM OJ_mVoMr, Xoe_mVoMr
VwVr dXo _mVa__YyZ Ho$br Amho. ~{H$_MmZr
`m XoemMo {hadJma g_ d$n nm{hbo hmoVo. `mM
n[apWVrV `mZm OUy H$mhr epV_mZ ^yXodrMo XeZ
Pmbo. `mZm Vr Xodr X:Ir {Xgbr Am{U `mM AmVVoV
`m`m _wImVyZ eX Ambo dXo _mVa_.
OJXmr _mVm, O_^y_r, _mV^y_r, OJ_mVm
Aem {d{dY Zmdm_òhr Vr EH$M Amho. hUyZ _hfu
`mghr hUVmV, AmB, _r EH$ ` Amho Am{U Vy `m
`mbm MmbZm XoUmar eVr Amhog.
Amn`m O_^y_r`m nyOZmbm, {V`mdarb
^Vrbm _mV^VrMo AZ`gmYmaU _hd XoUmar
gH$Vr Am{U nanam Ho$di Am_`m ^maVdfmVM
Agy eH$Vo. hUyZM ho AmB, Vwbm dXZ Agmo.
dXo _mVa_!
***
`ZmMr namH$m>m AV:oaUo`m A{^`$sgmR>rM AgVo.
23 {MmVyZ H$Q> Pmbm`

^maVr` am`KQ>ZoMm Am_m
qhXd
Xo
_wO\$a hgoZ,
gr 1/8 nmH$ gmBQ>,
{dH$moir, _w~B 79.
e dV Pm`mda Amhr gwIemVr AZw^dbr Am{U `wmMm

XmhH$ AZw^dhr KoVbm. XH$mimZm gm_moao Omdo bmJbo Am{U
h[aVH$mVr èdr hmoVmZmhr nm{hbo. OJmV ^maV hm EH$_od Xoe Agm
Amho H$s Omo bmoH$emhr`m _mJmd$Z 19 _{h`mgmR>r T>ibm ho
Iao. nU `mZVa Vmo H$YrM âH$Q>bm Zmhr. AmpdH$ jomV Amnbm
P|S>m amodyZ Vmo AmO _Jimdahr nmohmoMbm Amho. `m_wio AmnU
^maVdmgr _moR>m {dmgmZo hUy eH$Vmo H$s, Amhr Am{U Am_Mm
Xoe bmoH$emhrgmR>r, JUVmgmR>r g_{nV AmhmoV. hm gZmVZ gH$n
Amhr H$Yr `mJUma Zmhr.
^maV dV Pmbm `mM doir 20 `m eVH$mV AZoH$ Xoe dmYrZ
Pmbo. naVw Vo AmO {H$Vr dV AmhoV `mMo Am_qMVZ Va `mZrM
H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. XheVdmXm`m nmi`mV PmoHo$ Ko`mMr doi
`m`mda H$m Ambr, `mgmR>r Vo dV:M O~m~Xma ZmhrV H$m`,
`mda `mZrM {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo. Amnbo ho gwXa {d Z> PmboM Va
`mgmR>r `mMo A{VaoH$s XeZ, VdkmZM O~m~Xma amhrb.
dmV`mZVa Amn`m XoemMm am`H$ma^ma H$a`mgmR>r gdYm{ZH$
{gmVmMr Amd`H$Vm Ag`m`m {df`mda {dMma gw$ Pmbm. Vohm
Am_Mo VH$mbrZ ZoVo Am{U _{Zfr `mZr ^maVm`m mMrZ B{VhmgmMo
n[apWVrMm Jwbm_ hmo`mMo AmnU ZmH$mabo nm{hOo.
^JdmZ ~w
_WZ H$a`mg gwdmV Ho$br. ^maVr` {Va`mbm gmjr
R>odyZ gdmZr gH$n Ho$bm H$s Am_Mm Xoe ^yVH$mimV
`m XeZ Am{U {gmVm_wio {dJw$ ~Zbm hmoVm Vo
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YZ AnU H$$. `m {XeoZo {dMma H$a`mg gwdmV
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***
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Amho.''
***
AZwdmX : {gmam_ ^. nmQ>rb
A`mp_H$ AZw^yVr Amho. dm_rOtZr hQ>bo hmoVo

- _mPo Zmd _hdmMo Zmhr, _hdmMo Amho _m`m
{dMmamMm gma H$aUo.'
lr. ~mbH$UZ `mZr H|$mZo H$m{eV Ho$bobr
nwVHo$ S>m. H$bm_ `mZm ôQ> {Xbr. dm_r {ddoH$mZX
`mMo M[a, _mZZr` EH$ZmWOtZr gm{JVbobr H$Wm
{ebm_maH$mMr `m nwVH$mMm `mV g_mdoe hmoVm.
S>m. H$bm_ `mZr lr. ~mbH$UZ `mZm hUmbo H$s,
bmoH$m_ò dm_rOt`m gXoemMm Mma Am{U gma
H$aUo Iyn _hdmMo Amho. _mZd godm Am{U _Zw`
{Z_mU' `m g~YmV dm_rOtMr {H$_mZ 10 ~moYdmò
AmYw{ZH$ BboQ>m{ZH$ _m`_o Am{U M_H$Um`m
~moS>mmao OmJmoOmJr Mm[aV Ho$br nm{hOoV. Am{U
bmoH$mZm AmdmhZ Ho$bo nm{hOo H$s `mZr `mVrb {H$_mZ
EH$m gXoemMo OrdZâ nmbZ H$amdo.
`mZr VoWo CnpWV {ddoH$mZX H|$m`m
H$m`H$`mMr {XZM`m {dMmabr Am{U `mZm {ZaVa
H$m`mgmR>r ewôN>m {X`m.`mZVa am>nVr H$bm_
ho H$`mHw$_mar òWrb {ddoH$mZX H|$mMo _w`mb`
{ddoH$mZXnwa__Yrb Jm_moX` dm{Q>H$m nmh`mg Jobo.
VoWrb EH$ZmW g^mJhmV H|$mMo am>r` A`j
CXmm {dMma òH$m`mM X`mbm ne H$$Z `m `$sV {Z{VM n[adVZ KS>dyZ AmUVmo.
qMVZ
1947 _ò Pmcocr ^maVmMr \$miUr ho Jo`m 2500 dfm`m B{VhmgmVco

^maVdfmMo 24 do {d^mOZ Amho. gw_mao 350 dfmnydu BQ> B{S>`m H$nZr`m $nmZo
BJO ^maVmV Amco Am{U `mZVa hiyhiy Amnco nm` ngaV òWrc emgH$ ~Zco.
`m 350 dfmVM BJOmZr 7 doim ^maVdfmMo VwH$S>o nmS>co AmhoV. hr 7 {d^mOZo
H$Yr, H$er Am{U H$m Ho$cr Jocr? `mMo g{j dUZ `m coImV Ho$co Amho.
g~Y ndrM Oc Am{U

O_rZ `mV {d^mJUr Ho$cr
Va gmV _hmrno Am{U gmV
_hmgmJa Ag dJuH$aU
H$a`mV òV. AmnU `mnH$s
mMrZ O~wrn (`mcm AmO
E{e`m IS> hQ>c OmV)
Am{U BXw gamoda (`mcm
AmO qhX _hmgmJa g~moYco
OmVo) òWrc a{hdmgr
AmhmoV. `m O~wrnm`m
Odi Odi _`^mJr
{h_mc` ndV C^m Amho.
JmareH$a ho OJmVco gdm}
ndV{eIa {h_mc`mVM
Amho. (BJO emgH$mZr `mM
JmareH$aMo _mD$Q> EhaoQ>
Ago Zm_H$aU H$a`mMm
Hw$Q>rc S>md Ioicm.)
BoeHw$_ma
{h_mb` n[adma H$m`mb`, 1681,

_oZ ~mOma ({MJwV _{Xa Ho$ gm_
Zo) nhmS>JO, ZB {Xbr-55.
350 dfmV {~Q>remZr nmS>bo

^maVdfmMo gmV VwH$S>o
`m
^y^mJmV AmnU amhVmo, `m ^y^mJmMo dUZ Ar, dm`y

Am{U {dUwnwamUmV Odi Odi g_mZmWu cmoH$m_
YyZ Ho$co Joco Amho.
Cma `V g_w`, {h_md X{jU_ &
df VX ^maV Zm_, ^maVr ` gV{V &&
qhX _hmgmJam`m Cmaocm Am{U {h_mc`m`m X{jUocm Omo ^y^mJ
ngacm Amho, `mcm ^maV hUVmV Am{U VoWo amhUm`m g_mOmcm
^maVr dm ^maVr` hQ>co OmVo. `m ^maVmV amhUm`m cmoH$mMo qhXy Ago
Zm_m{^YmZhr Jo`m eoH$S>mo, hOmamo dfmnmgyZ M{cV Amho Am{U
qhXyMm Xoe hUyZ qhXwWmZ Agohr hQ>co OmVo. OJmVrc AZoH$ XoemV
qhX Am{U qhXr cmoH$ Agohr dUZ Ho$co OmVo. ~hnVr AmJ_mV
nwT>rc cmoH$ Amho : {h_mc`mV g_ma`, `mdX BXw gamoda_ &
V Xod{Z{_V Xoe, qhXwWmZ_ M`Vo &&
{h_mc`mnmgyZ BXw (qhX) _hmgmJamn`V`m XodmZo {Z_mU Ho$co`m
^y^mJmcm qhXwWmZ Ago hUVmV. `m gm`md$Z hoM cjmV òVo
doi Am{U e$s `mMr O_oMr ~mOy dmT>{dUmar EH$ _hdmMr Jmo> hUOo H$m`j_Vm.

H$s, ^maV Am{U qhXwWmZ hr EH$mM XoemMr XmoZ Zmdo
AmhoV, VgoM ^maVr` Am{U {hXy hr EH$mM g_mOmMr
XmoZ A{^YmZo AmhoV.
Amn`m g_mOmMr EH$ mMrZ nanam Amho. `m
nanaoZwgma H$moU`mhr ew^H$m`mMm ma^ H$a`mnydu
EH$m gH$nmMm Cma Ho$cm OmVmo. `m gH$nmVyZhr
A`V _hdmMo gHo$V {_iVmV. H$mcJUZm, ^y^mJ
`m`m~amo~a gH$n H$aUmam H$moU, `mMr AmoiI
`m gH$nm`m CmamV g_m{d> AgVo. "O~wrno,
âVIS>o, âVdf}...' Aer `mVrc eX`moOZm Amho.
H$moU`mhr gm{h`mV S>moH$mdco Va {h_mc` (Cma)
Am{U _hmgmJa (X{jU) `m gr_mMm CoI AmT>iVmo,
nU nyd Am{U npM_o`m ~m~VrV _m \$$ {XemMmM
CoI Ho$cocm {XgVmo. (gr_mMm Zmhr) ndrMo _mZ{M
ZOaog_moa AmUm. {h_mc`m`m _`^mJr AgUm`m
H$cmg, _mZgamodamH$Sy>Z nyd}H$S>o Jo`mg g`m`m
BS>moZo{e`mn`V Am{U npM_oH$S>o g`m`m BamUn`V
{h_mc`mZo Amnco hmVmnm` ngacoco {XgyZ òVmV.
5 hOma {d{dY ndVamJm Am{U 6 hOma Zm`m
dmhmZm {h_mc` Amn`m AJmImmda IoidV Amho.
`mM_mUo OJmV`m gJ`m AQ>cmgmd$Z ZOa
{\$adm. g`m`m lrcHo$hZ dm H$`mHw$_marhZ nyd
Am{U npM_oH$S>o [>jon Q>mH$`mg qhX _hmgmJamMr
`mrhr Zo_H$s BS>moZo{e`m Am{U BamUn`VM ngacocr
Ag`mMo {XgyZ òBc. `m q~Xy`m ncrH$S>oM Xmohr
{XemZm `m _hmgmJamMo Zmd ~XcVo.
AemnH$mao {h_mc`, qhXgmJa, BS>moZo{e`m Am{U
Am`Zm (hUOo BamU) `m`m Xa`mZ`m gnyU
^y^mJmMoM dUZ Am`mdV qH$dm âVdf qH$dm
qhXwWmZ `m eXmZr H$a`mV òVo. nwT>`m H$mimV
H$moUVm Xoe {H$Vr jo\$imgh Am{U H$Yr ApVdmV
Amcm, ho gZ 1800 gmcr {g Pmco`m _mZ{MmV
{dMmanydH$ Z_yX H$a`mV Amco Amho.
AmVm AJXr 300 dfmnydun`V`m B{VhmgmMm
qMVZ
{dMma H$$. Jo`m 2500 dfm_ò ^maVmda Pmco`m
{d{dY AmH$_UmMr (`wZmZr, JrH$, amo_, hU, eH$,
Hw$fmU, {g[a`Z, nmoVwJrO, S>M, \|$M, Aa~, VmVma,
VwH$, _wJc Am{U BJO) MMm B{VhmgmV AmT>iyZ òVo.
OJmV`m gd B{VhmgH$mamZr `m AmH$_UmMm B{Vhmg
{c[hVmZm "^maVmda qH$dm qhXwWmZmda' AmH$_U
Pmco AemM eXmV dUZ Ho$co Amho. A\$Jm{UWmZ,
~Xoe (`mZ_ma), lrcH$m, Zonmi, {V~oQ> ({{d>n),
^yVmZ, nm{H$VmZ dm ~mJcmXoemda AmH$_U Aem
eXmV `m AmH$_UmMm CoI AgUmam JW AgcmM
Va Ho$di AndmXm_H$M. dm^m{dH$M Z {Z_mU
hmoVmo H$s, ho gmao ^yXoe H$Yr Jwcm_ Pmco Am{U
doJim Xoe `m Zm`mZo H$Yr dV Pmco. nm{H$VmZ
Am{U ~mJcm Xoem`m {Z{_VrMm B{Vhmg gdkmV
Amho. ~mH$s ^y^mJmMmhr B{Vhmg Amho; nU `mMr
\$maer MMm _m Zmhr.
1857 gmcr BJOm`m {d Joco`m dVVm
gJm_m`m (`m gJm_mMm CoI {~[Q>e emgH$mZr
"~S>' Agm Ho$cm) doiMr n[apWVr nm{hcr Va H$m`
{XgVo? cjmV Ago òVo H$s, B. g. 1800 `m nydu
OJmV`m Xoem`m `mXrV ^maVm`m Mmar ~mOycm
AmO {XgUm`m doJdoJ`m XoemMr Zmdo ZmhrV. `m
H$mimV ho Xoe ApVdmV ZhVo. VoWo dV amò
hmoVr, nU Vr ^maVdfm`m $nmV gmH${VH$Q>m
EH$_oH$mer g~ hmoVr. `mnma, VrWjoo, ZmVog~Y,
n`Q>Z B. gd ~m~VrV `m am`mVrc ZmJ[aH$mMm gd
_wV gMma hmoVm. EH$_oH$mZm ho ZmJ[aH$ {dXoer _mZV
ZgV. `m am`m_ò coIH$, gm{hp`H$, {dMmadVmMo
coIZ, {dXoer `moH$$Mo coIZ JUco OmV Zgo. `m
gd am`m_ò ~moc`m OmUm`m ^mfmda gH$VMo
^wd hmoVo. g_mO_m`Vm Am{U nanamhr g_mZ hmo`m.
Amhma, doe^yfm, gJrV, Z`mXr H$cm, gUg_ma^,
^mfm, nyOmnVr, nW-gXm` B. ~m~VrV {d{dYVm
AgyZhr EH$VoMo {dcmo^Zr` XeZ KS>V hmoVo Am{U
Cnm` emoYUm`m ehm`m _mUgmZo `m`m Anm`mMmhr {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo.
qMVZ
AmOhr Vo KS>VoM.
OgOgm ^maVm~mhoa`m hUOo {dXoer nW,
gXm`mMm doe Pmcm VgVer AZoH$ gH$Q>o Am{U
g^_ {Z_mU hmoD$ cmJco.
1857 `m gJm_m`m nydunmgyZ co{ZZdmX,
_mAmodmX, gm`dmX, H$`w{ZP_ Aem doJdoJ`m
ZmdmZr AmoiIcm OmUmam _mgMm AWYmZ, naVw
AmH$_H$ (Am{U qhgH$) {dMma AZoH$ Xoem_ò
hmVnm` ng$ cmJcm hmoVm. gm`dmXm`m ^mdmImcr
Amcoco a{e`m Am{U MrZ ho XmoZ ~cmT> Xoe Amn`m
Mmar ~mOyZm Agco`m AZoH$ N>moQ>m-_moR>m am`mZm
{JiH$V H$$ cmJco hmoVo. ho Xmohr Xoe gm_m`dmXr
Am{U {dVmadmXr _mZ{gH$Vm ~miJUmaoM Xoe AmhoV.
BJOmMohr `mdoin`V Odi Odi A`m OJmV`m
Xoemda gm_m` Wm{nV Pmco hmoVo Am{U `mMr

{dVmadmXr, gm_m`dmXr, qhgH$ Am{U Hw$Q>rcZrVr
n>nUo [VV hmoD$ cmJcr hmoVr.
A\$Jm{UWmZ : 1834 nmgyZ gw$ Pmco`m
{H$òVyZ 26 _o 1846 _ò ^maVmVrc {~{Q>e
emgH$ Am{U a{e`m `m`mV EH$ H$ama Pmcm Am{U
A\$Jm{UWmZ ZmdmMm EH$ dV amOH$s` Xoe "~\$a
Q>oQ>'`m $nmV `m Xmohr gm_m`dmXr gmm`m
Xa`mZ {Z_mU H$a`mV Amcm. `m_wio A\$JmUr nR>mU
^maVr` dVVm gJm_mnmgyZ {d^$ Pmco. ^mS>cdXma
{~[Q>e Am{U gm`dmXr a{e`m `mZr Amnmn`m
gwa{jVVoMo _mJ {Z_mU Ho$co, naVw A\$Jm{UWmZda
{ZÙ H$moUmMo, `md$Z `m Xmohr e$s_ò AmOhr
nana ghH$m` Am{U gm_O`mVyZ gwgdmX {Z_mU hmoVmo.

AVJV gKf gw$M Amho. dVwV: A\$Jm{UWmZ
(CnJUWmZ) ed Am{U {ZgJnyOH$ hmoVm,
~mXehm eoaemh gyar Am{U _hmamOm aU{OVqgh `m`m
emgZH$mimV `m`m am`mVrc H$Yma (JmYma) B.Mo
n> CoI {_iVmV. VoWo AmVm ~m_VmMo Am{U
{dXoer Bcm_Mo m~` {Z_mU Pmco Amho.
Zonmi : _` {h_mc` jomV`m N>moQ>m_moR>m 46 am`mZm EH$ H$$Z ndrZmamÙ
emhZo 1800 gmcr Zonmi ho gK[Q>V am` {Z_mU
Ho$co. BJOm`m {d gKf H$aUm`m AZoH$
dmV`goZmZtZr `m am`mV doimodoir Aml` KoVcm
hmoVm. H$nZr gaH$ma Am{U BJO emgZmZo 1816
VgoM 1904 _ò g`m`m {~hma_Yrc gwJmcr
Zmdm`m WmZr VH$mcrZ nhmS>r amOmer Vh H$$Z
Zonmicm dV ApVd ~hmc Ho$co Am{U VoWo
Amncm ao{gS>|Q> EOQ> {Z`w$ Ho$cm. `m ao{gS>oQ>`m
nadmZJr{edm` VoWrc amOmcm H$mhr IaoXr H$a`mMmhr
A{YH$ma ZhVm. EH$ dV am` AgyZhr Zonmi
A`jnUo BJOm`m A{Yn`mImcrM Jocm, `m~c
VoWrc amOm _hmamOm_ò BJOr {ZÙm~m~V `mnH$
AgVmof hmoVm. B.g. 1855 _ò a{e`mZo XmoZdoim ZH$mam{YH$ma (hoQ>mo) dmn$Zgwm Zonmi hm
^maVmMmM ^mJ Ag`mMo {VnmXZ Ho$co hmoVo, naVw
n{S>V Zoh$Zr OmoaXma AmJh H$$Z g`w$ am>gKmV
ZonmiMr dV Xoe hUyZ Zm|X H$a{dcr. AmOhr
Zonmir Am{U ^maVr` nanam`m XoemV {dXoer _mZco
OmV ZmhrV. VgoM hohr g` ZmH$maVm òV Zmhr H$s,
Zonmihr ^maVm~amo~a 1947 gmcrM dV Pmcm.
^yVmZ : ^yVmZ Am{U {g$s_ ho XmoZ N>moQ>o ^y^mJ
d{XH$ _m`Vm ~miJUmao nanag~ g_mOmZr
~Zco hmoVo. ncrH$S>o Agco`m {dVmadmXr MrZda
ZOa R>od`m`m Am{U ^yVmZ-{g$s_`m cmoH$mZm
dmV` gJm_mnmgyZ AcJ H$a`m`m hoVyZo BJO
emgH$mZr Amncm ao{gS>|Q> 1906 _ò VoW dg{dcm.
qMVZ
`m ^y^mJmVhr dmV`goZmZr VgoM qhXwWmZ`m
Cma, X{jU Am{U npM_oH$S>rc {d{dY am`mVco
{dXoer AmH$_H$mH$Sy>Z nam^yV Pmcoco ^maVr` g{ZH$ d
g_mO Aml` KoV AgV. g`, Aqhgm, H$Um `mda
lm ~miJUmam kmZmonmgH$ g_mO~mYd òWo ahmV
hmoVm Am{U {ZgJgnmr, dZnVr Am{U I{OZm`m
~m~VrVhr hm ^y^mJ g_ hmoVm. {Vgam ncy Agm H$s,
Y_mVam`m ghm`mZo òWrc cmoH$mZm hiyhiy ^maVr`
(qhXy) {dMmaYmaonmgyZ VmoS>`mMm {Z`moOZ~ `Z
~pQ>Q> {_eZ`mZr `m ^mJmV Ho$cm. Cma ^maVmV
1836 nmgyZ ~pQ>Q> MMZo gdm{YH$ {dVma Ho$cm
hmoVm, ho Eo{Vhm{gH$ g` Amho.
{V~oQ> : 1914 _ò gm_m`dmXr MrZ gaH$ma
Am{U ^maVm`m _moR>m ^y^mJmda gmm Wm{nV
Ho$coco {~[Q>e emgZ `m`mV EH$ H$ama Pmcm. `m
H$amammao {V~oQ> ({{d>n)cm dV XoemMm XOm Xo`mV
Amcm. MrZ Am{U {~[Q>e ^maV `m`m Xa`mZMo EH$
"~\$a Q>oQ>' `m Zm`mZo {V~oQ>Mr {Z{_Vr H$$Z, _H$_
mohZ aofoZo {h_mc` n[aga {d^m{OV H$a`mMo Hw$H$_
BJOr emgZmZo VS>rcm Zoco. g_V ^maVr`m`m >rZo
{h_mc` ho EH$ Am`mp_H$ H|$ am{hco Amho.
`mM~amo~a kmZ, {dkmZmMo gemoYZ Am{U qMVZ
H$a`mMo EH$ H|$ AgoM {h_mc`mMo WmZ g_V
_mZd g_yhm`m AV:H$aUmV am{hco Amho. Aem
{h_mc`mMr {d^mJUr Am{U {V~oQ>tZm ^maVr`mnmgyZ
n`m`mZo ^maVr` dmV` MidirnmgyZ VmoS>Uo Ago
ho Xwhoar fS>` hmoVo. `m {d^mOZmZVahr {h_mc`rZ
XoemV {M{ZQ>rMm gma doJmZo H$a`mMm _Zgw~m
{~[Q>e emgH$m`m _ZmV hmoVm, naVw n[apWVrZo
doJioM diU KoVco. XmoZ OmJ{VH$ `wo AmoT>dcr
Am{U BJOmZm Am{e`m {deofV: ^maV gmoSy>Z OmUo
^mJ nS>co. AmVm {V~oQ>~m~V MrZcm gYr {_imcr.
VH$mcrZ nVYmZ Zoh$ `mZr `m{df`mMo ImocdaMo
ncy Xwc{jV Ho$co Am{U 1949 Vo 1959 `m H$mimV
AgK{Q>VnUm, A`dWm, ~o{eV `m_wio d`{$H$, gm{KH$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U

am>r` OrdZmV {dH$irVnUm òVmo.
qMVZ
MrZcm {V~oQ> hS>n H$a`mgmR>r _moH$io amZ {_imco.
nmR>monmR> 1962 `m AmQ>mo~a_ò MrZZo ^maVmda
AmH$_U Ho$co Am{U AgmB MrZ (hUOo cS>mI),
H$cmg _mZgamoda Am{U AUmMcmMm hOmamo Mmag
{H$cmo_rQ>aMm ^y^mJ {JiH$V Ho$cm. {V~oQ>cm MrZMm
^y^mJ hUyZ _m`Vm XoUo hr Zoh$Mr AmUIr EH$
_hm^`H$a MyH$ hmoVr. 14 Zmoh|~a 1962 amoOr
ggXo`m Xmohr g^mJhmVrc gX`mZr EH$_VmZo MrZZo
~iH$mdcocr EH$ EH$ BM O_rZ nwhm {_i{d`mMm
gH$n Kmo{fV Ho$cm, naVw XwXdmZo AmO gd amOH$s`
njmMo ZoVo hm gH$n nyUV: {dg$Z Joco AmhoV.
"{h_mc` n[adma' `m ZmdmZo MmcUm`m AmXmocZmZo
14 Zmoh|~a hm {Xdg gmOam H$a`mg ma^ H$$Z
Zo`mZm `m gH$nmMr AmR>dU H$$Z Xo`mMm `Z
gw$ Ho$cm Amho, nU AmOVar dVwpWVr Aer Amho
H$s, H$cmg _mZgamodam`m `mogmR>r Amn`mcm
MrZMr nadmZJr `mdr cmJVo.
lrcH$m Am{U `mZ_ma : n{h`m _hm`wmV
BJO qOH$co Iao, naVw ^maVmV _m H$m[VH$maH$
AmXmocZm`m dmcmMo MQ>Ho$ {~[Q>e emgZmcm ~gy
cmJco hmoVo. g`mJh Am{U dXoer AmXmocZmVyZ
gm_m` OZVmhr EH$OwQ>rZo BJOm{d C^r
R>mH$cr hmoVr. Xwg`m _hm`wmMo T>Jhr O_y cmJco
hmoVo. 1935 COmS>co Am{U Amn`mcm ~mS>{~Vam
JwS>miyZ H$Yrhr Am{e`mVyZ H$mT>Vm nm` `mdm cmJy
eH$Vmo, `mMm AXmO BJOr cmoH$mZm òD$ cmJcm.
WmZr` (Wcr`) dMd {Q>H${dUo e` Zmhr, Ho$di
dm`w_mJm`m AmYmaohr ^md {Q>H$dVm òUma Zmhr, ho
cjmV KoD$Z `mZr Oc_mJmda cj H|$[V Ho$co. Oc_
mJmdahr Amncm Vm~m Agmdm Am{U {H$Zm`mcJVhr
Amn`m A[H$V amhUmao Xoe AgmdoV, Amnco Zm{dH$
Vi C^ma`mg AZwH$ycVm Agmdr hm hoVy _ZmV
~miJyZ 1935 _ò lrcH$m Am{U 1937 _ò
`mZ_ma (~Xoe) `mZm dV Xoe hUyZ Kmo{fV Ho$co
Joco. AmOhr ho Xmohr Xoe hrM df} Amncm dmV`{XZ

hUyZ nmiVmV. `m XmoZ Xoem`m {Z{_VrnmR>monmR>
{MZrH$aUmMr AmYrM gwgm Ho$cocr Ùm `m
Xmohr ^y^mJmV ^$_nUo C^r H$a`mV Amcr. ho
Xmohr ^y^mJ ~m, d{XH$ Y_u` nanam _mZUmao ^y^mJ
AmhoV. AZoH$ Xoe^$ H$m[VH$maH$mZm XoemVJV H$m`m
nm`mMr gOm ^moJ`mgmR>r aJyZ`m H$mamJhmVM
R>od`mV Amb hmoV.
nm{H$VmZ, ~mJbmXoe Am{U _mbrn
1905 gmbr {_. H$PZ `mZo aMboobo dJ^JmMo

fS>` 1911 gmbr Ywirg {_imbo. qhXy-_wpb_
m_ò Xar {Z_mU H$a`mgmR>r BJOmZr 1906 gmbr
AmJm Im `m`m ZoVdmImbr _wpb_ brJMr WmnZm
Ho$br. `m_wio doJ`m XoemMo ~rOmamonU Pmbo. nydm}ma
^maVmVrb A{YH$me OZOmVtMo {VrH$aU H$a`mV
òV hmoVo. {Vr ~Zbo`m ^maVr`mZm dmV`
MidirnmgyZ nyUVm doJio R>od`mV Ambo. gnyU
^maVm_ò EH$mhr {Vr g_obZmV dVVo`m ~mOyZo
Vmd nm[aV Pmbo ZmhrV. qhXy-_wpb_ EH$VoMo {X`
dZ H$mJogt`m _|XyV _hm_m JmYt`m ZoVdmImbr
{Z_mU H$a`mV BJO èdr Pmbo. `mMdoir
_wgb_mZm_ò Vwhr EH$ amQ> AmhmV, Ago {df
noa`mV Ambo. 1940 gmbr _moh_X Abr OrZm
`m`m ZoVdmImbr nm{H$VmZMr _mJUr Vrd H$$Z
XoemV AamOH$Vm {Z_mU H$a`mV Ambr. BJOmMo
hUOoM {_. _mD$Q> ~Q>Z `mMo XmoZ EOQ> H$_e:
Odmhabmb Zoh$ Am{U _mo. Abr OrZm XwXdmZo
_wpb_ Am{U qhXy hmoVo. OrZm `mMm _{eXrV OmUo,
amoOm R>odUo, Z_mO nT>Uo `mda {ddmg ZhVm Am{U
XwgarH$S>o _{XamV OmUo, dV-Cndmg H$aUo, H$sVZggJ H$aUo `mda Zoh$Mm {ddmg ZhVm. XmoKo _moR>o
_hdmH$mjr Am{U {Or d^mdmMo hmoVo. BJOmZr `m
XmoKmMm dmna BJOm`m AYrZ Agbo`m ^maVm`m
{d^mOZmgmR>r Ho$bm.
OJmV {Z^}i AmZX ${MVM gmnS>Vmo.

Xwg`m _hm`wm`m H$mimV BJOmMr BbS> Am{U
A` Xoem_ò Am{WH$ d amOH$s` Qm _moR>r
XwXem Pmbr hmoVr. AmVm Amn`mbm H$moU`mhr jUr
^maVmVyZ {ZKyZ Omdo bmJob Am{U H$Yrhr Z
_mdiUm`m Amn`m gy`mMm AV AmVm H$moU`mhr
jUr hmoBb, Aer ^rVr BJOm_ò {Z_mU Pmbr hmoVr.
gnyU ^maV Xoe^Vr`m Om[UdoZo a`mda Ambm
hmoVm. amQ>r` d`godH$ gK, ZoVmOr gw^mfM ~mog,
^maVr` goZm (H$mJog) Am{U gmam g_mO Amnmn`m
narZo dmV`mgmR>r `Z H$arV hmoVo. AmVm ^maVmda
A{YH$ H$mi am` H$aUo e` Zmhr `mMr BJOmZm
OmUrd Pmbr hmoVr. `m_wio Vrjm H$a`mEodOr
^maVmMr nwhm EH$Xm \$miUr H$$Z ~a~mX H$a`mMo
fS>` BJOmZr aMbo. AmJQ> 1948 n`V Vrjm
Z H$aVm 3 OyZ 1947 amoOr BJOm`m Vm`mVrb
^maVm`m {d^mOZ Am{U dmV`mMr AmnMm[aH$
KmofUm H$a`mV Ambr. ^`mZH$ aVnmV Am{U
bmoH$gòMr AXbm~Xb H$arV 14-15 AmJQ>
1947 `m _àmr npM_ Am{U nyd nm{H$VmZgh
_mbrn (g_wmVrb _wpb_~hb Xoe) bm dV Xoe
~ZdyZ BJOmZr ^maVdfmMr gmVdr \$miUr H$$Z
Q>mH$br. 1971 gmbr nm{H$VmZMo Ho$di nm{H$VmZ
Am{U ~mJbmXoe Ago {d^mOZ Pmbo. 2 H$moQ>r (200
bj) bmoH$ {ZamYma Pmbo, hOmamo _mVm-^{JZr,
boH$s-gwZm `mMr A~y bwQ>br Jobr. bjmdYr oVmMm
IM nS>bm. {H$VrVar OZmZm O~aOVrZo _wpb_ H$$Z
`m`m OrdZmMo ZaH$ H$a`mV Ambo. ^maVmbm IynM
Xw:IX Am{U ^mar qH$_V XoD$Z dmV` `mdo bmJbo.
òWo EH$ JmoQ> `mZmV R>odbr nm{hOo H$s, `mdoir
^maVmV 562 Aer N>moQ>r-_moR>r gWmZ hmoVr H$s Or
H$Yrhr BJOm`m AYrZ ZhVr. `m{edm` nmoVwJrOm`m
Vm`mV Jmodm, Xrd-X_U d XmXam ZJa hdobrMm ^mJ
hmoVm. nm{S>Moar, _{hZJa d `mZm_hr `m`m Vm`mV
hmoVo. BJO {ZKyZ Jo`mZVa doJdoJ`m doir `m gm`m
qMVZ
^mJmMo ^maVmV {d{bZrH$aU Pmbo. `m gm`mMo {_iyZ
AmVmMm dV_mZ ^maV Amn`mbm nmhm`bm {_iVmo.
H$mhr J_dmd bmJb Var H$mhr {_idbhr. BJO
gaH$mabm qhXy eVrnwT>o PwH$mdhr bmJb.
gmH${VH$ ^maV nwhm e` Amho H$m`?
_hfu AaqdX `mZr Bg 1947 gmbr ^maVm`m

\$miUrgJr hQ>bo hmoVo, ""{ZgJmZo ^maVmbm
EH$ ~Z{dbo Amho. hr \$miUr H${_ Amho. hr
H${_ \$miUr EH$ {Xdg ZQ> hmoBb. gZ 1800
gmbMm hm {demb ^y^mJ "gmoZo H$s {M{S>`m' Am{U
OJmVrb kmZ-{dkmZmMo ^mS>ma _mZbm Om`Mm.
doJdoJir eoH$S>mo amò AgyZhr gr_oda g` Zgm`Mo.
n`Q>Z, VrWmQ>Z, `mnma Am{U H$moUVrhr H$agr,
H$mQw>{~H$ g~Y `mV nyU dmV` hmoVo. ^mfm, doe^yfm,
Z`, nyOmnVr {^Z {^Z Ag`m Var nydO, nanam
Am{U _mV^y_r EH$M hmoVr.
_oH$mbo (BJO), _mg (H$`w{ZQ>) {ejUnVr
Am{U {dMmaYmao`m H$monm_wio Jo`m 150-200
dfmV ^maVr` g_mO Jmgbm Jobm Amho. `mZr `m
{ddJw$ ^maVmbm XrZhrZ ~Z{d`mMo fS>` aMbo.
`m`m VWmH${WV Y_{ZanojVoZo ^maVmbm AZoH$
gH$VrMm Xoe Ag`mMo _mZbo, doJ-doJ`m gH$Vr
hUOo doJdoJ`m amQ>r`Vm AmhoV, Ago gmJyZ `mZr
\$miUrMo {df noabo. OmVr- CnOmVr, ^mfm-~mobr,
nW-CnnWH|$[V amQr`Vobm ^S>H$mdyZ, g_mOmV
Xwhr _mOdyZ amQ>mbm VmoS>`mMo fS>` aMbo. hiyhiy
Ang`mH$dmXm`m MwH$s`m gH$nZoVyZ amQ>r`
EH$Vobm ZI bmdUm`m _Vm`m amOH$maUmMm CX`
Pmbm.
^maVr` g_mO Am{U ^maVm`m ZoVdmZo `mZmV
KoVbo nm{hOo H$s, ^maV^y_r Am{U ^maVder g_mO
hmM OJmVbm EH$ Agm KQ>H$ Amho, H$s OoWrb
_hmnwfmZr hQ>bo Amho H$s, "g` EH$ Amho, _mJ
AZoH$ AmhoV.',
nmZ 43 da
OJmVbr H$moUVrhr gwYmaUm H$m`_Mr {Q>H$V Zmhr. gwYmaUoMr H$nZm H$mimZwgma ~XbVo.
lram_H$U dMZm_V
Jw{e` - gdmX
Wmoam_moR>m`m KaMr
_mobH$arU, - _mbH$mMm
gmam H$m_YXm CaH$Vo, nU
{VM _Z _m JwVb AgV
IoS>mV`m dV:`m KamV.
_mbH$m`m nmoam~mimZm
AJXr nmoQ>M g_OyZ
dmJ{dVo, gmo`m _mPm, _mPm
~miH$Z `mZm AmOmaVo
Jm|OmaVo. nU OmUyZ _m
n$ AgVo H$s Vr {VMr H$moUr
hUVm H$moUr XoIrb bmJV
ZmhrV !
(3)
ggmamUdKmoao `: H$UYmadnH$: &
Z_mo Vw am_H$Um` V_ lrJwado Z_:
_mVa :- (Z_nUo) - _hmamO, {Mm BamH$So> H$emZo bmJob?
lram_H$U :- gdXm Zm__aU Am{U {ZaVa `mM JwUgH$sVZ Ho$b
nm{hOo. {edm` ggJ. ^J$m`m AWdm gmYwgnwfm`m MaUmnmer
AYyZ_YyZ Om`bm hd. am{Xdg ggmamVM KwQ>_iV am{h`mZ Am{U
gXmgdXm df{`H$ ^mZJS>tVM JTy>Z Jo`mZ _Z BamH$So> bmJV ZgV.
hUyZM _Yo_Yo EH$mVdmg H$Z `mM qMVZ H$aU A`V Amd`H$.
gwadmVrbm Var _YyZ_YyZ EH$mVdmg Z Ho$`mg Bamda _Z pWa R>odU
\$maM AdKS>.
PmS> Omon`V amon AgVo Vmon`V `m`m^modVr Hw$nU Kmbmd bmJV.
Eadr JmB~H$`m òD$Z Ho$hmM \$m CS>dyZ Q>mH$Vrb `mMm.
`mZ H$amd _ZmV, H$moZmV (H$mon`mV) {Z dZmV. Am{U Zoh_r
gXgV - {dMma H$amdm. EH$ BaM gV hUOo {Z` dVy, Am{U
~mH$s gd AgV hUOo A{Z`. dmadma Agm {dMma H$arV amhZ
A{Z` Jmo>r _ZmVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m`m.
_mVa :- (Z_nUo) - ggmamV H$em VhoZo amhmd ?
lram_H$U :- Amnb H$V` nma nmS>V Agmd, _m _Z ^JdVm`m
MaUr R>odyZ. ~m`H$mo, nmoa, AmB, ~mn gm`mZm KoD$Z Mmbmd, `mMr
godm H$amdr. Iyn AmnwbH$sZ `m`mer dmJmd, nU _Zmer _m n$s
IyUJmR> ~mYyZ Agmd H$s, Vo Amnbo Hw$UrM ZhV.
AZV X:Im_wioM Amn`mbm gwImMr Md H$iVo !
dMZm_V
Wmoam_moR>m`m KaMr _mobH$arU, - _mbH$mMm

gmam H$m_YXm CaH$Vo, nU {VM _Z _m JwVb AgV
IoS>mV`m dV:`m KamV. _mbH$m`m nmoam~mimZm
AJXr nmoQ>M g_OyZ dmJ{dVo, gmo`m _mPm, _mPm
~miH$Z `mZm AmOmaVo Jm|OmaVo. nU OmUyZ _m
n$ AgVo H$s Vr {VMr H$moUr hUVm H$moUr XoIrb
bmJV ZmhrV !
^`m`m emoYmV H$mgdr ^Q>H$V AgVo nm`mV,
nU {VM _Z AgV {H$Zm`mda - {OWo {VMr AS>r
AgVmV {VWo. ggmamVrb gd H$m_H$mO H$amd, nU
{Mm _m R>odmd Bam`m nm`mer.
Ba^$sMr OmoS> H$Z Z KoVmM ggma H$$ Omb
Va OmVM Jwa\$Qy>Z nS>mb. gH$Q>m`m _m`mZ H$mMmdyZ
Omb, emoH$ - X:Im{XH$m`m ^{S>_mamnwT>o WmoS>m XoIrb
Yra YadUma Zmhr. Am{U {df`qMVZmV {OVHo$ a_mb
{VVH$s Amg$s AmUIrM ~imdV OmBb.
hmVmZm AmYr Vob _mIm {Z _JM \$Ug H$mny Om.

Eadr MrH$ hmVmZm {MH$Qy>Z OmBb. Bao_mM Vob
{_idyZ _JM gmgm[aH$ H$m_mV hmV Kmbm.
naVw hr ^$s {_i{d`mgmR>r EH$mVdmg H$am`bm
hdm. bmoUr H$mT>m`M Pm`mg Oam EH$sH$So> {daOU
Kmbmd bmJob. hmbdmhmbd Ho$`mZ Xhr MmJb O_V
ZgV. ZVa gmar H$m_ Xa gm$Z EH$m ~mOybm ~gyZ Xhr
Kwgimd bmJob, VohmM Hw$R> bmoUr hmVr òBb.
Am{U ho ~Km, Ag {ZOZr _Z bmdyZ BamM `mZ
Ho$`mZ _ZmV kmZ, dam`, ^$s CX` nmdVmV. nU
ggmamVM nw$Z R>odb Va VoM _Z ZrM hmoD$Z OmV.
ggmamV Ho$di EH$M qMVZ - H$m{_Zr - H$mMZ.
ggma Amho nmUr, AZ _Z OUy XY. nm`mV
{_giyZ {X`mg XY - nmUr EH$Ord hmoD$Z OmVrb,
_J {Z^}i XY IQ>nQ> H$$Z XoIrb hmVr bmJm`M
Zmhr. nU `mM XYmbm {daOU bmdyZ Xhr H$$Z
`mVyZ bmoUr H$mTy>Z _J Vo nm`mV Oar R>odb Var Z
{_giVm da VaJy bmJob. EdT>mMH$aVm {ZOZ OmJr
gmYZm H$$Z AJmoXa kmZ^{$$nr bmoUr hVJV
H$$Z KoVb nm{hOo. _J Vo bmoUr ggmaObmV gmoSy>Z
{XbV Vargwm `mV {_giUma Zmhr. VaJVM amhrb.
m~amo~aM {dMma H$aU A`V Amd`H$. H$m{_Zr
- H$mMZ A{Z`. BaM EH$_m dVy. nemZ Ag
{_iyZ {_iUma Var H$m` ? ImU - {nU, H$nSo>bmo,
amhm`bm OmJm - ~g BVH$M Zm ? nemZr na_oa
{_iUma Zmhr. hUyZM ngm Am`w`mM ò` hmoD$
eH$Uma Zmhr. mM {dMma. g_Ob ?
_mVa :- hmo` _hmamO. ZwH$VM _r '~moYMmoX`'
ZmQ>H$ dmMb`. `mV Amho hm 'dVy{dMma'.
lram_H$U :- h, dVw{dMma. hoM nmhm Zm,
nemVhr H$m` Amho AZ gwXa earamVhr Var Amho
H$m`? {dMma H$$Z nmhm, gwXa r`m earamV XoIrb
ZwgVr hmS>, _mg, _b, _y hrM âbobr {XgVrb.
_J ^JdVmbm gmoSy>Z m Ag`m Jmo>tH$So> H$m ~a _Z
jw gwIm`m Amem Amn`mbm Jwbm_ ~Z{dVmV Am{U Amnbo AY:nVZ KS>dVmV.
dMZm_V
bmdm`M? H$m ~a `m X`mKZmMm {dga nSy> m`Mm ? Cn hmo`mMmM AdH$me, _J XeZmbm _wirgwm
Cera Zmhr.
BaXeZmMm Cnm`
VrZ H$ma`m AmoT>tMr e$s EH$ Pm`mg Ba
_mVa :- BamM XeZ H$m IamoIaM hmoD$ eH$V?
lram_H$U :- `mV H$m` ge` ? O$a O$a XeZ XoVmo - {df`r _mUgmMr {df`mg~YrMr AmoT>,
hmoD$ eH$V. `mgmR>r _YyZ_YyZ EH$mVdmg, `mM Zm_ AmBMr _wbmgmR>rMr AZ gVrMr nVrgmR>rMr. m VrZ
JwU - JmZ, {Z`m{Z` - dmVw{dMma - mM gm`m AmoT>r Hw$Um EImmV EH$mM doir CdVrb Va `m
Omoamda BamM XeZ H$$Z KoU e` Amho.
Cnm`mM Adb~Z H$am`bm hd.
EHy$U H$m` H$s Bamda o_ H$am`bm hd. AmB Oer
_mVa :- H$moU`m AdWoV `mM XeZ KS>V
_wbmda, gVr Oer nVrda. {Z {df`r Ogm {df`mda
AgV?
lram_H$U :- Iyn `mHy$i hmoD$Z aS>`mg `mM o_ H$aVmo Vg o_ `m`mda Ho$b nm{hOo. m
XeZ hmoD$ eH$V. ~m`H$mnmoamH$aVm aSy>Z bmoH$ KmJa {VKtMr rVr - `m VrZOUmMr AmoT> EH$ H$$Z {OVH$
KmJa {Q>n Jmiy eH$VmV, nemgmR>r AmH$moe H$$Z hmoBb, {VVH$ Bam{df`r AmH$fU Oa Bam{df`r
S>moio gwOdy eH$VmV, nU BamH$aVm Hw$Ur aS>bm dmQy> bmJob Va Ad` Ad` `mMr ôQ> hmoBb.
`mHw$i hmoD$Z `mMm Ymdm Ho$bm nm{hOo. _mOarM
Amho? `mbm AJXr Amid`mgmaI Amidm ~Ky.
BVHo$ ~mobyZ lram_H$U nwT>rb Ame`mMo JmUo hUy {n ZwgV _d _d H$arV amhV - AmBbm hmH$m _maUM
bmJbo. _Zm, AJXr AV:H$aUmnmgyZ `m `m_m \$$ `mbm _mhrV. {OW AmB R>odrb {VW Vo amhV
_mVobm Amid ~Ky, nmhm _J Vr H$er amh eH$Vo - H$Yr d`nmH$KamV, H$Yr Imbr O{_ZrdaM, Va
XeZ {X`mdmMyZ; Vr H$YrM amh eH$Uma Zmhr. _Zm, H$Yr {~N>m`mda. Vr R>odVo AZ ho amhV. mg hmoD$
{V`m XeZmMr IamoIaM Vi_i bmJbr Agob Va bmJbm H$s Vo \$$ _d _d H$$Z hmH$m _maV, ~g
OmdX {Z {~dXb Am|OirV KoD$Z `mZm ^{$MXZ - Xga {Vga `mbm H$mhr R>mD$H$ ZgV. AZ `mMr
AmBXoIrb Hw$R>hr H$m AgoZm, {nbmMm AmdmO H$mZmda
_mIyZ AmB`m nmXnr AObr Xo'.
`mHw$iVm Ambr H$ar AUmoX` Pmbm hUyZ nS>bm ao nS>bm H$s Amnbr VS>H$ òD$Z hOa hmoVo!'
***
g_Om. `mZVa bdH$aM gy` CJdob. `mHw$iVm
`$sMr dmQ>Mmb Vm_{gH$ dmrH$Sy>Z amO{gH$ dmrH$So> Am{U VoWyZ gmpdH$ dmrH$So> Pmbr nm{hOo.
H$amdm {dMma
Vmo hUmbm, _J Aer
H$Wm Amn`mbm
gm{JVbrM H$embm? _r
hUmbmo, hm ! AmVm Vwhr
~amo~a
{dMmabm. Iao Va Vwhr
hm {dMmamdm hUyZM
_r W_ mbm Ago
{d{M Cma {Xbo. _bm
H$Wm H$m gm{JVbr ?
hmM Iam Amho.
H$maU `mVM _mPm
\$m`Xm Amho.
{dmdmMnnVr
m. dmZX JOmZZ nwS>

dUr, {O. `dV_mi.
9822644611
H$Wm gm{JVbrM H$embm?
_m
Pm EH$ {_ EHo$ {Xder YmdVM _m`mH$So> Ambm Am{U

hUmbm, Mb _w~Bbm OmD$ ! _r dm^m{dH$ {dMmabo,
H$emgmR>r ? Va Vmo hUmbm, AmnU _w~Bbm OmD$Z g`ZmamÙ H$$.
_bm hm n$m Y$m hmoVm. H$maU BVa doir Amn`m ZmpVH$dmMm
S>mJmoam {nQ>Umam hm EH$X_ g`ZmamÙmda H$gm Ambm ? hm
_m`m _ZmV Ambm. ~ao H$am`Mm Va H$$ XoV nU _w~B H$er H$m` ?
_r `mbm {dMmabo, _w~BMm H$m` g~Y, _w~B H$moUVo VrWjo Amho ?
VoWo OmD$Z g`ZmamÙ H$a`mMo `moOZ H$m`?
Va `mZo _m{hVr {Xbr H$s AmVmM ~mV_r Ambr Amho, _w~BOdi
EH$ MS> OhmO ~wS>mbo Amho. _bm nwhm nS>bm H$s `mMm
g`ZmamÙ H$a`mMm H$m` g~Y? hr H$m` AmZXdmVm Amho H$m? H$s
BVH$m _moR>m bm^ KS>bm Mbm g`ZmamÙ H$$?
`mda `mZo Oo gm{JVbo Vo EoH$`mda _bm `m`m Hw$pgVVoMr
OmUrd Pmbr. Vmo hUmbm, Aao AmnU g`ZmamÙ H$$ hUOo Vo
OhmO da òBb. _r hUmbmo, H$moU`m _yImZo gm{JVbo Vwbm? Va
Vmo hUmbm, Aao Vw_`m `m g`ZmamÙ H$WoVM Amho Zm? H$s Vr
EImm Jmo>rV {_iUm`m èmnèmBVHo$M _hd `mgmR>r Ho$bo`m `ZmZm Amho.
H$amdm {dMma
H$bmdVr Kar Jobr g`ZmamÙ Ho$bm. naV Ambr,

{Vbm nVr nVr ZmHo$gh {Xgbm. VerM hr ~moQ> nU
da òBb.
H$m` AO~ _mZ{gH$Vm? Agm {dMma _m`m
S>mo`mV VaiyZ Jobm. EH$ {demb OhmO ~wS>mbo, AZoH$
bmoH$ _obo AgVrb. H$moQ>dYtMr hmZr Pmbr Agob.
`mMo X:I H$dS>rMo Zmhr. `m {Z{_mmZo Amn`mM
dVdH$`mMr qQ>Jb ! H$m` hr _mZ{gH$Vm?
_J _r `mbm hUmbmo, H$s H$mhr Cn`moJ Zmhr.
g`ZmamÙ H$Z `mV H$mhrM \$aH$ nS>Uma Zmhr.
_m`m `m CmamZo d_Vmbm OUy AmYma {_im`m`m
AmZXmV Vmo hUmbm, H$s `mMm AW H$Wm ImoQ>r Zm?
_r hUmbmo, Zmhr. H$Wm IarM.
`mda CgiyZ Vmo hUmbm, H$s Oa H$Wm Iar
Va ho OhmO da H$m òUma Zmhr? Vohm dmXmMr
g_mr H$a`mgmR>r _r `mbm emVnUo A{V_ Cma
{Xbo, 'ho OhmO da òUma Zmhr H$maU `m ~wS>mbo`m
OhmOmda gmXmMm `mJ H$Z nVr`m ôQ>rbm Jobo`m
H$moU`mhr H$bmdVrMm Zdam ZhVm hUyZ...'
_wimV g_OyZ `m`bm nm{hOo H$s H$Wm H$m`
gmJVo ? gmJVo H$s H$bmdVrZo nyOm Va Ho$br nU
gmX Z KoVm Vr n{VXeZmogwH$m VerM YmdV Jobr.
`mdoir {VMm nVr Agbobr ZmH$m ~wS>mbr. gJ`mZm
X:I Pmbo. eodQ>r gJio ^JdVmg eaU Jobo Am{U
AmH$medmUr Pmbr H$s Vr gmXmMm `mJ H$Z Ambr
hUyZ ZmH$m Jobr. Kar OmD$Z gmX KoD$Z òBb Va
{VMm nVr {Vbm m hmoBb. VgoM KS>bo. Vr Kar
Jobr. gmX KoD$Z Ambr. nVrMo XeZ Pmbo.
gmJ`mMm ^md H$s `mV gmXmMm `mJ Am{U
gmXmMm drH$ma hmM AmYma^yV {dMma Amho.
gmXmMo _mhm` gmJ`mgmR>r hr H$Wm Amho. OhmO
da òUo dm Z òUo hm H$WoMm ^mJM Zmhr. H$Wobm
`m`mer XoUoKoUoM Zmhr. Vo H$WZr`M Zmhr. gmX
KoVbm Zmhr Va nVr OmBb. `mnojm _moR>r ^rVr H$m`
Agob ? ^rVrZo Agmo H$s rVrZo nyOZ KS>mdo, hmM

H$WoMm Coe Amho.
hr ^rVr KmbUohr g_moa`m`m {hMmMm {dMma
Amho. Oer ~mbH$mMr _mVm `mbm hUVo, A`mg
Ho$bmg Va bmSy> XoBb qH$dm Zmhr Ho$bm Va H$m|Sy>Z
R>odrb. `m XmohrMm Coe A`mgdm H$aUo BVH$mM
AgVmo. ho amJmdUohr o_mMoM Amho.
H$Wm AgVo gmXmMo _mhm` gmJ`mgmR>r. VoM
AgVo H$WZr`. Ago H$WZr` g_OyZ Z KoVm H$Wm
EoH$br Va Vr {d{M dmQ>VoM. AZoH$ H$WmMo AgoM
AgVo. EH$m OmJr am_mÙmda dMZmgmR>r Jobm
hmoVmo. lram_H$WoV Ah`moma H$Wm Ambr. `m
{XderMo {ddoMZ gn`mda EH$OU Odi Ambm Am{U
hUmbm, H$m hmo Xodr Ahò`m _mJo bmJUmam Agm
`{^Mmar XodmMm amOm Agmdm H$m?
_r H$mhrM ~mobbmo Zmhr. Vmo hUmbm, gmJm Zm?
Agmdm H$m? _r hUmbmo, _r H$m` gmJy ? XodmMm
amOm H$moU Agmdm ho R>ad`mMm _bm A{YH$maM Zmhr.
_mPr _VXmZ j_Vm VoWo MmbVM Zmhr. _J Vmo XodVmMm
amOm Agmdm H$s Zgmdm ho R>a{dUmam _r H$moU ? _m`m
_Vmbm _y` Vo H$m`?
`mda Vmo hUmbm, _J Aer H$Wm Amn`mbm
gm{JVbrM H$embm? _r hUmbmo, hm ! AmVm Vwhr
~amo~a {dMmabm. Iao Va Vwhr hm {dMmamdm
hUyZM _r W_ mbm Ago {d{M Cma {Xbo. _bm
H$Wm H$m gm{JVbr ? hmM Iam Amho. H$maU
`mVM '_mPm' \$m`Xm Amho.
_r `mZm gm{JVbo H$Wm Amn`mbm H$m gm{JVbr?
Va hoM gmJ`mgmR>r ~m~mao ! nar`m ZmXr bmJ`mg
XodmMm amOmhr nX`wV hmoVmo. AmnU `m ^mZJS>rV nSy>
Zò. ~g EdT>mMgmR>r AgVo H$Wm.
H$Wm Aer dV:bm bmdyZ KoVbr Va Am{U VaM
Vr H$m_mMr AgVo. Aer H$Wm dm_moVrgmR>r bmdyZ
Ko`mgmR>r H$amdm {dMma.
***
Amnbo H$V` ~OmdVmZm Vo nyU CgmhmZo, {Z>oZo Am{U {Z`mZo nma nmS>bo nm{hOo.
r H$Wm
Xma CKSy>Z ~mhoa

Ambo Vohm AJUm_ò
`{jUr`m H$mS>rZo {b{hbobo
eX `mZm dmMm`bm
{_imbo - She is black.
gJio AM{~V Pmbo.
Xod r Amho, Vogwm
H$UdUu` r ? Xod
H$mim Agy eH$Vmo ?
Xod r Agy eH$Vmo ?'
(Amn`mbm H$mhr hr Jmo>
ZdrZ Zmhr. _hmam>mV
{d>bmMr Am{U
~Jmb_ò H$mbrMr
CnmgZm eVH$mZweVHo$
Mmby Amho.)
S>m. dUbVm {êrH$a

kmZ~mo{YZr, hamir
8888802628
She is Black
AmoiI EH$m H$UdUu` H$Vdem{bZrMr !
1986 gnVmZm Am{U 1987 gw$ hmoVmZm A_o[aHo$Vrb B{S>`mZm

`w{Zh{gQ>r Am\$ noZ{gho{Z`m `m {dmnrR>mV _r ej{UH$
_mZgem `m {df`mda A`mnZ Am{U H$m_ H$aV hmoVo. {VWo _mPr
Am{\$H$Z dem`m EH$m {dbjU rer AmoiI Pmbr. {VMm Am{U
_mPm AVyQ> ^md~Y Owibm Am{U AmO 28 dfmZVahr Vmo T> Amho.
`m r`m `{$_dmMm _m`m _Zmda A_rQ> R>gm C_Q>bm Amho.
Am{\$H$Z demMr A_o[aH$Z `$s hUyZ Am{U r hUyZ {VZo Oo
gmogb `mMm WmoS>mhr H$S>dQ>nUm {V`m d^mdmV CVabm Zmhr. CbQ>
Oo Amn`mbm ghZ H$am`bm bmJb Vo nwT>`m {nT>mZm gmogmd bmJy
Zò `mgmR>r {VZo Oo {dYm`H$ `Z Ho$bo Am{U AmOhr H$aV Amho
`mMr _r gmjr Amho.
AH$pnV {Ohmim
1986 Mm Zmoh|~a _{hZm. noZ{gho{Z`m_ò MS> WS>r hmoVr.

~\$ nS>V hmoV. `m gnyU {dmnrR>mV _m`m AmoiIrM H$moUrhr
AmZXmZo, gnUmZo g_moa`m AmMm AmdmX `m - Vwhr `mo`mhZhr `moJr hmb.
r H$Wm
ZhV. ngo VwQ>nwOo hmoVo. _r {OWo amhV hmoVo Vo {R>H$mU
_bm XmoZ {XdgmV gmoS>U Amd`H$ hmoV. XmoZ
{XdgmZr AmnU Hw$R> amhUma ho _bm H$iV ZhV.
KamMr ^mS>r O~aXV hmoVr. gd qMVm ~mOybm R>odyZ
_r gH$mir {dmnrR>mV H$m_mgmR>r Jobo. _bm gmJ`mV
Amb H$s ej{UH$ _mZgem {d^mJm`m _wI S>m.
ES>{dZm hmoS> `mZm ôQ>md. `mZwgma {Z`mo{OV doir
_r `mZm ôQ>m`bm Jobo. {Z`mo{OV doio`m nwT>o 2025 {_{ZQ> hmoD$Z Jobr Var S>m. ES>{dZm H$m`mb`mV
Am`m Zh`m. `mMr dmQ> nmhmV _r `m`m
H$m`mb`m g_moa`m hamS>mV C^r hmoVo.
g_moa EH$ _XmZmgmaIr OmJm hmoVr. `mV ~aoM
CM CM dj hmoVo Am{U `mMr nmZJi Pmbr
hmoVr. Vr nmZJi nm`mImbr KmbV H$mhrem
WH$bo`m nU hgV_wI ES>{dZm hamS>mV
_m`mg_moa Am`m. hVmXmobZ Am{U nana
n[aM` Pm`mda Amhr `m`m H$m`mb`mV
Jobmo. {Xb{Jar`m gwamV `m hUm`m,
"_oZ {~pS>JnmgyZ BW òBn`V _bm BVHo$
bmoH$ ôQ>VmV !' gdmer ~mobyZ òBn`V _bm
H$mhrdoim {Xbobr doi nmiVm òV Zmhr.
j_d!' _J _r Hw$Ry>Z Ambo, H$m` B. _wbmIVrMm ^mJ
Pmbm. nU `mV AmnMm[aH$nUm H$mhr ZhVm. gdmV
eodQ>r Ambm Vmo _m`m amh`m`m `dWoMm.
`mZr `m~b BV`m {Ohm`mZ {dMmab H$s _m`m
S>mo`mV nmUrM `m`M am{hb. _r AJXr WmoS>`mV
gm{JVbobr _mPr AS>MU `mZm AJXr WoQ>M H$ibr.
`m AJXr ghO hUm`mgmaI hUm`m, "_m`m
Kar òVog H$m amhm`bm ?' _r Am{U _mPm Zdam bar
Ago Amhr XmoKoM AgVmo. {edm` _gdrZm ZmdmMr
Am_Mr EH$ IQ>mi Hw$r Am{U emo_mo ZmdmM Am_M
EH$ Jmo{OadmU n_o[a`Z ~mi Amho. Vo AmVm hmVma
hmoD$ bmJb`. {edm` _mPo Am{U barMo {_ Am{U
_{Ur, Am_Mo {dmWu `m gdmMr ò - Om AgVoM.

amhZ ~K Vwbm H$g dmQ>V Vo.'
ES>{dZm`m Kar
Xg`m {Xder _r ES>{dZmH$So> amhm`bm Jobo.

BJOrV Aao - Omao Am{U Ahmo - Omhmo ZgV, nU
Amhr EHo$ar`m ghO g~Ymda MQ>H$Z Ambmo.
bar hogwm B{S>`mZm {dmnrR>mV m`mnH$ hmoVo.
Vo JmadUu` hmoVo. `m {dmnrR>mV `mZm W_
ZmoH$ar bmJbr. `mZr {dmnrR>mVrb A{YH$m`mZm
{dMmab, "_m`m nZrH$So> ej{UH$ _mZgemmVrb
Cm_ $m{b{\$Ho$eg AmhoV, MmJbm AZw^d Amho.
{Vbm BWo ZmoH$ar {_iy eHo$b H$m ?' ES>{dZmMr JwUdmm

Am{U AZw^d BVH$m Cm_ hmoVm H$s {dmnrR>mZo `mZm
_wbmIVrgmR>r ~mobmdb. ES>{dZmZm `jmV
nm{h`mda _m {ZdS> _S>imbm Y$mM ~gbm.
batMr nZr hUOo JmadUu`M AgUma ho Vo JhrV
Y$Z Mmbbo hmoVo. naVw AmVm _mKma KoU Va e`
ZhV. EH$ aJ H$mim EdT> gmoS>b Va ES>{dZm_ò
~moQ> R>od`mgmaI H$mhrM ZhV. ZmBbmOmZo {ZdS>
_S>imbm {VMr {ZdS> H$am`bmM bmJbr. `m H$mimV
Var `m {dmnrR>mV H$m_ H$aUm`m bmoH$m`m _ZmV
dUôX hmoVm Am{U `m`m Pim ES>{dZm Am{U bar
`m nVr - nZtZm ghZ H$am`m bmJ`m. BVH$M
H$m` _r `m`mH$So> am{hbo hUyZ H$mhr m`mnH$mMr
^` dZo ZwgVr nmhZ ^mJV ZmhrV, Va `m`m nyVugmR>r {VVHo$M ^` n[al_hr `mdo bmJVmV !
r H$Wm

_m`mdahr Ja_Ou Pmbr.
A{^_mZ Am{U AmZX AmoVmoV hmoVm. H$mhr AnydmBMr

Jmo> KS>br Amho `mMr OmUrd hmoVr.
ES>{dZmH$So> Am`mda _m`m _ZmdaMm VmU EH$X_

hbH$m Pmbm. Amhr {VKohr H$m_md$Z naV`mda
OodUm`m Q>o~bda JnmJmo>r H$$ bmJbmo. _gdrZm
Am{U emo_mo `m Hw$`mer _mPr EH$X_ XmoVr Pmbr.
_gdrZm \$ma AdIi hmoVr. {Vbm S>mJ\y$S>nojm _r
S>`mV `m`bm H$$Z R>odbo`m gS>{dMogMm MmoZ
g_mMma `m`bm \$ma AmdS>m`M. ES>{dZm Am{U bar
Jmdmbm Jobo Va `m Xmohr Hw$`mM nmbH$d _m`mH$So>M
Agm`M. emo_mo Iyn gdoXZerb hmoVm. EH$Xm Ka`m
AmR>dUtZr _bm CXmg dmQ>m`bm bmJb hmoV. Vo `mbm
H$ib Am{U Vo BV`m namonarZo `$ Ho$b H$s _mPo
S>moio nwgm`Mo ~mH$s R>odb batMm EH$ {ddmh AmYr
Pmbobm hmoVm. `mMr _wb _moH$ionUmZo Kar òV.
ES>{dZm `mM _moH$ionUmZo dmJV H$aV Ago. `mMo
bmS> H$aV Ago. ES>{dZmM Og ej{UH$ _mZgemmda
^wd hmoV VgmM H$UdUu`m`m mda _moR>m `mgJ
hmoVm Am{U `mg~YrMr AZoH$ nwVH$ {V`m gJhr
hmoVr. H$UdUu`m`m h$mgmR>r Am{U JVrgmR>r H$m_
H$aUmao AZoH$ H$m`H$V} {V`mH$So> òV. `m`m MMm
_bm EoH$m`bm {_iV. ES>{dZm ho gdm`m {dmgmM,
oaUoM WmZ hmoV.
She is Black
H$UdUu` MidirM H|$
H$UdUu`mM {d
noZ{gho{Z`m_ò H$UdUu`mgmR>r doJir MM}g

AgVmV ho _bm _mhrV ZhV. Aem EH$m MM_ò EH$m
a{ddmar ES>{dZm _bm KoD$Z Jobr. {VWo mWZm JmUmam
EH$ H$UdUu` VU \$ma ^mdnydH$ Am{U CH$Q>VoZo
JmV hmoVm. `mMm EH$m n{d ^mdZoZo COibobm Moham
AmOhr _m`m _aUmV Amho. {VWyZ Amhr EH$m Img
H$m`H$_mbm Jobmo hmoVmo. Vmohr Ho$di H$UdUu`mMmM
hmoVm. Odi`mM EH$m Xg`m {dmnrR>mV EH$m
H$UdUu` rMr CnHw$bJw$ hUyZ {ZdS> Pmbr hmoVr.
`m{Z{_m {VMm gH$ma hmoVm. gH$mam`m ^mfUm_ò
ZmÒo[a`m`m XmoKr `wdVr ES>{dZmH$So> Zoh_r òV.

{dmnrR>mVrb Am{\$H$Z demMo VU òV. `m gdmer
_mPr _r Pmbr. pg_g Am{U ZddfmMm gmohim
Amhr EH$ gmOam Ho$bm. nMdrg _mUg Oodm`bm
òUma hmoVr. CgmhmZ gdmgmR>r d`nmH$ Ho$bm.
\w$bmZr, \w$b_mimZr, \w$`mZr ES>{dZm - barM
Ka gOdb. EH$_oH$mZm ôQ>r {X`m. _r ES>{dZmbm
^maVr` nVrMm EH$ gwaoIgm {Xdm {Xbm. WS>rV gmS>r
qH$dm nOm~r So>g `m`m AmVyZ Kmb`mMo Oo Ja_
H$nSo> AgVmV Vo {VZo _bm {Xbo. AZmoiIr _mUgm`m
OJmV, AZmoiIr gH$VrV _bm Vr D$~ \$ma _mobmMr
dmQ>br. `m Cgdr dmVmdaUmV H$moUrVar Hw$UmbmVar
EH$ Jmo> gmJV hmoV. ' JmadUu` pZ gmYH$mMm EH$
JQ> XodmMr mWZm H$aV hmoVm H$s Xodm Amhmbm VwP
$n XmId. {ZXmZ Vy H$gm Amhog Vo Amhmbm gmJ.
Xod hUmbm, _r gmJUma Zmhr. naVw Cm gH$mir Vwhr
Oohm CR>mb Vohm Vw_`m XmamV Omo ey^ {h_dfmd
Pmbobm Agob `mda EH$ `{jUr {V`m OmX`m
H$mS>rZo {bhrb H$s _r H$moU Amho Am{U _mP $n H$g
Amho. Xg`m {Xder gH$mir gJio bdH$a CR>bo. Xma
CKSy>Z ~mhoa Ambo Vohm AJUm_ò `{jUr`m H$mS>rZo
{b{hbobo eX `mZm dmMm`bm {_imbo - She is
black. gJio AM{~V Pmbo. Xod r Amho, Vogwm
H$UdUu` r ? Xod H$mim Agy eH$Vmo ? Xod
r Agy eH$Vmo ?' (Amn`mbm H$mhr hr Jmo> ZdrZ
Zmhr. _hmam>mV {d>bmMr Am{U ~Jmb_ò H$mbrMr
CnmgZm eVH$mZweVHo$ Mmby Amho.)
AmO BV`m dfmZrgwm She is black ho eX
_bm AmR>dVmV Am{U `m`mnmR>monmR> ~w{_mm Am{U
H$Vdm`m VoOmZo COibobm Am{U o_m`m AmôZo
_X Agbobm ES>{dZmMm Moham _bm AmR>dVmo. ***
_yi`m H$nZm, {dMma am~{d`mgmR>r `ZM Ho$bo ZmhrV, Va {dMma ho {dMmam`m AdWoV amhVmV.
^JraW `ZmZrM dZ `jmV CVaVo !
AmoiI Cn{ZfXmMr
H$R>mon{ZfX
(CmamY)
Z{MHo$Vm hm _`yMo hUOo

OJmMo Am{U A_admMo
hUOoM Am`mMo kmZ
{eH$`mgmR>r nm Amho, ho
OmUyZ, `_amOmZo `mbm
Am_kmZmMm hUm AWdm
~{doMm hUm CnXoe
Xo`mg ma^ Ho$bm.
_m. Jmo. d
ZmJnya.
09881717809
W_ `_amOmZo "o`' d "lo`' `m XmoZ _mJmVrb \$aH$ n>

Ho$bm. `_amO hUmbo, ""'o`g' d "lo`' ho Am`w`mMo
XmoZ {^ _mJ AmhoV; Am{U `mMo n[aUm_hr {^ AmhoV. "o`g'
hUOoM {` AWmV Oo Amn`mbm AmdS>Vo Vo Am{U "lo`'
hUOo Oo H$`mUH$maH$ Amho Vo. ho Xmohr _mJ _Zw`mbm CnbY
AgVmV. ehmUm _Zw` `mMr {M{H$gm H$$Z {ZdS> H$aVmo. "o`'
hUOo newnwm{X YZmMr mr H$$Z XoUmam _mJ, Va "lo`g' hUOo
Am_H$`mUmMm _mJ. n{hbm _mJ hr "A{dm' Amho, Va Xgam _mJ
hr "{dm' Amho.'' `_amO nwT>o gmJVmV, ""Omo Xgam hUOo lo`mo_mJ
Amho Vmo Ho$di VH$mZo hUOo dV:`m ~wr`m mam g_OUmam Zmhr.
{dm hUOo Am_kmZ. ho Xg`mH$Sy>ZM m H$$Z `mdo bmJVo.
gd Eo{hH$ BN>mMr nyVu, `kH$_mMo \$b hUyZ {_iUmam dJ, qH$dm
{_iUmao Eo` ` gd Jmo>r A{Z` AmhoV. `m A{Z` dVy`m mao
H$Yrhr, Oo {Z` Amho, Ywd Amho, Vo m hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. Vo {Z`
nX hQ>bo Va Y_mhZhr doJio Amho Am{U AYmhZ Va Z$sM doJio
Amho. Vo nX hUOoM Aja ~, Oo "Amo_' `m AjamZo `$ Ho$bo
OmVo.
ò`hrZ _mUyg hUOo g_mOmbm {_imbobm emnM! ò` bm{H$H$ Agmo dm nmabm{H$H$, _mUgmZo `mgmR>r
gnmQy>Z `Z Ho$boM nm{hOoV!
AmoiI Cn{ZfXmMr
Ordm_m hoM ~
bmoH$m`m gôV Omo ho kmZ gmJob qH$dm lmm`m

ho Oo Am_Vd Amn`m earamV AgVo, Vo O_ doir EoH$drb, `mbm lmmMo AZV \$i {_iob.
Iao Vd
Vhr Zmhr Am{U _aVhr Zmhr. `mZm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s
na_oamZo Amn`m B{`mZm ~{h_wI Ho$bo Amho.
_mUgmbm _`y Am`mZVa Am_Vdhr _aVo, `mZm
`mMo d$n H$ibobo ZgVo. eara _aVo. `mMo {MVoda Vr ~{h_wI Ag`m_wio AV^mJr dgV Agbo`m
^_ hmoVo. nU Am_m _aV Zmhr. ho ZrQ> AmoiIyZ Am`mbm Vr nmh eH$V ZmhrV. _m EImXm ehmUm
_Zw`, Omo B{`mZm ~m {df`gwImnmgyZ namdm H$$Z
ehmUm _Zw` _aUmMm emoH$ H$arV Zmhr.
hm Omo earamV {Zdmg H$aUmam Ordm_m Amho, VmoM A_admMr BN>m H$aVmo, Vmo `m AVam`mbm AmoiIy
na_m_m hmo`. Am eH$amMm` hUVmVM H$s, "Ordmo
~d Zmna: &' hUOo Ordm_m hm na_m`mMo $n Amnbo eara, B{ò ho da da nmhVm
Amho. Vmo \$$ EH$m earamV âbobm Amho. Va na_m_m gMoVZ Ag`mgmaIr dmdaV AgVmV.
nU Vo MoVZd `mMo ZgVo. Vo AgVo
gnyU ~mS>mV `m Amho.
aW AmU aWr
`_amO EH$m Cn_omao hoM nwZ: n> H$aVmV. Vo

hUVmV, ""ho Z{MHo$Vm, `m eara$nr aWmMm EH$
_mbH$ Amho. Vmo "aWr' Amho. eara ho aW Amho. ~wr
`m aWmMm gmaWr Amho Am{U _Z hUOo bJm_
Amho. Amnbr B{ò ho KmoSo>; Va B{`mMo {df` ho `m
aWmMo _mJ AmhoV. `mMo _Z Vm`mV Zmhr, Vo Hw$R>o
didmdo Am{U Hw$R>o didy Zò ho `mbm H$iV
Zmhr, `m _Zw`mMo B{`$nr KmoSo> gma`mbm
AmdaVm Z òUm`m KmoS>m_mUo gamdam XmS>V
AgVmV. _m {ddoH$s _mUgmMr B{ò, gma`m`m
{ZÙmV Agbo`m KmoS>m_mUo `m`m Vm`mV
amhVmV.''
\$blwVr
`m {R>H$mUr H$R>mon{ZfXmMm n{hbm A`m` g_m

hmoVmo. `m_wio `mMr \$blwVrhr eodQ>r gm{JVbr Amho.
Cn{ZfXmMo eX AmhoV :Z{MHo$V_wnm`mZ _`wmo$ gZmVZ_ &
C$dm lwdm M _oYmdr ~bmoHo$ _hr`Vo&&
AW Amho- `_amOmZo gm{JVbobo Am{U Z{MHo$`mZo
m Ho$bobo ho gZmVZ Am`mZ Omo _Zw` gmJVmo Am{U
EoH$Vmo, Vmo ~bmoH$mV {V>m nmdVmo. ~kmZoNy>
`m`m R>m`r Agbo`m {M_`mMo

hUOoM Am_VdmMo. earamV Agbobm
hm {M_` AJR>mEdT>mM AgVmo. VmoM
{ZaVa AgVmo. hUOo AmOhr Amho Am{U
Cmhr amhUma Amho. Vmo earamVyZ {ZKyZ
Jobm H$s, gmao gnVo.
eH$Vmo. hUyZ Iao ~w{_mZ bmoH$ BhbmoH$s`m A{Z`

Jmo>tMr BN>m H$arV ZgVmV. Vmo Am_m AVaJmV
Ag`m_wioM $n, ag, JY, eX, ne ho Oo B{`mMo
{df` AmhoV, `mMm AZw^d KoD$ eH$Vmo. EH$Xm Vmo
Am_m ho eara gmoSy>Z Jobm H$s _J B{ò OmJ`m OmJr
amh XoIrb `m {df`mMm ^moJ KoD$ eH$V ZmhrV. `m
Vdm_wioM gy` CX` nmdVmo, Am{U AVmbm OmVmo,
`m VdmMo CKZ H$moUrhr H$$ eH$V Zmhr. AmnU
`dhmamV _OoXma Jmo>r ~mobV AgVmo. AmnU hUyZ
OmVmo H$s, `m bmoIS>m`m nirZo _mPm hmV ^mObm.
nU hmV nirZo ^mObm OmV Zmhr. `m nirV Omo Ar
AgVmo, `m Ar_wio Vr doXZm hmoVo. Amnbo eara,
B{ò ho da da nmhVm gMoVZ Ag`mgmaIr dmdaV
AgVmV. nU Vo MoVZd `mMo ZgVo. Vo AgVo `m`m
R>m`r Agbo`m {M_`mMo hUOoM Am_VdmMo.
earamV Agbobm hm {M_` AJR>mEdT>mM AgVmo.
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*****
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