BASIC

FIRST
AID

First Aid?
Is the immediate assistance
or treatment
given to someone before
the arrival of
medical staff/ ambulance

Qualities of a
first
aider:
~ Calm
~ Confident
~ Willing to offer assistance
whenever necessary
~ Patience

Aims of a first aider:

3 Ps:
Preserve life

3Ps

Prevent injuries/conditi
from worsening
Promote recovery

Preserving life:
1) Control bleeding
2) Treat probable cause of shock
3) Maintain airway in correct
position
4) Perform CPR when needed
(no breathing or pulse)

Prevent condition
from worsening:
1) Dress wound to prevent
infection
2) Provide comfort to casualty
3) Place casualty in a comfortable
position

Promote
recovery
:
1) Relieve casualty from anxiety
2) Encourage confidence and trust
3) Attempt to relieve pain and
discomfort
4) Handle casualty gently
5) Protect casualty from cold and
wet

Emergency Hotli
Ambulance (SCDF): 995
1777 ( Nonemergency)
Police number: 999
Fire Brigade: 995

4 levels of
consciousness:
a) Normal status
b) Drowsiness
c) Semi consciousness
d) Coma

Protecting yourself as a
first aider
Essential to protect yourself from injury and
infection
a) Ensure surroundings are safe
b) Protection from infection
- to prevent cross infection
( transmitting germs to a casualty or
contracting
an infection yourself)
- wear gloves or wash hands before doing
a dressing.

Practice of first
aid:
1) Assess the situation
2) Make area safe
3) Give emergency aid
- initial assessment
Signs and symptoms
- ABC
4) Get help from others if needed

Initial Assessment
what?
- Brief examination of casualty
to perform checks before
concluding
How?
- Observe signs and symptoms

Signs and
symptoms

Signs: Details of a casualtys condition you

may
assess using your senses.
Look, listen, feel, smell
E.G Bleeding, Deformity, Strength or rhythm of
pulse, breathing
Symptoms: sensations that the casualty
experiences
E.G Is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea,
giddiness, coldness

A=

Airway
Open airway
why?

ABC

B = Breathing
Check for breathing
How?

Circulation
Check for pulse
Pulse indicates the condition of the
Circulation
- Full and slow
- Rapid and fluttering / weak
How to check for pulse?
- Carotid pulse
- Wrist pulse