TIU CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM

TCXDVN 309:2004
(Xut bn ln 1)

CNG TC TRC A
TRONG XY DNG CNG TRNH - YU CU CHUNG
Surveying in construction.
General requyrements
Li ni u
Tiu chun TCXDVN 309:2004 Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trnh - Yu cu
chung quy nh cc yu cu k thut v o v bn a hnh t l ln v trc a cng trnh,
c B Xy dng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 04/2005/Q-BXD ngy 10 thng 01 nm
2005.

CNG TC TRC A TRONG XY DNG CNG TRNH YU CU CHUNG

Surveying in construction.
General requyrements
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v o v bn a hnh t l ln v trc a
cng trnh, cung cp cc d liu chun xc dng trong thit k v thi cng xy lp, kim
nh, gim st cht lng cc cng trnh xy dng. Tiu chun ny thay th cho TCVN 397285.
2. Tiu chun trch dn
- TCXDVN 271: 2002. Quy trnh k thut xc nh ln cng trnh dn dng v cng
nghip bng phng php o cao hnh hc.
- Tiu chun ngnh: 96 TCN 43-90. Quy phm o v bn a hnh t l 1:500; 1:1000;
1:2000; 1:5000; (phn ngoi tri).
Tiu chun ngnh 96 TCN 42-90. Quy phm do v bn a hnh t l 1:500; 1:1000;
1:2000; 1:5000; 1:10000; 1:25000; (phn trong nh).
3. K hiu dng trong tiu chun
GPS H thng nh v ton cu;
Sh S hiu chnh do cao mt t v mt chiu;
mp Sai s trung phng v tr im;
mH Sai s trung phng o cao;
h Khong cao u ca ng ng mc;
lch gii hn cho php;
t H s c trng cho cp chnh xc;
m Sai s trung phng ca mt i lng o;
t Dung sai ca cng tc trc a;
Xl Dung sai ca cng tc xy lp.
4. Quy nh chung
4.1. Cng tc trc a l mt khu cng vic quan trng trong ton b cc cng tc kho st,
thit k, thi cng xy lp cng trnh trn mt bng xy dng. Chng phi c thc hin theo
mt cng hoc phng n k thut c ph duyt v ph hp vi tin chung ca
cc giai on kho st, thit k, xy lp, nh gi n nh v bo tr cng trnh
4.2. Cng tc trc a phc v xy dng cng trnh gm 3 giai on chnh:
a) Cng tc kho st trc a - a hnh phc v thit k cng trnh, bao gm: thnh lp li
khng ch mt bng v cao phc v cho vic o v bn t l ln , lp bo co nghin
cu kh thi v thit k k thut thi cng.
b) Cng tc trc a phc v thi cng xy lp cng trnh, bao gm: thnh lp li khng ch
mt bng v cao phc v b tr chi tit v thi cng xy lp cng trnh. Kim tra kch thc
hnh hc v cn chnh cc kt cu cng trnh. o v hon cng cng trnh.
c) Cng tc trc a phc v quan trc bin dng cng trnh, bao gm: thnh lp li khng
ch c s, li mc chun v mc kim tra nhm xc nh y , chnh xc cc gi tr
chuyn dch, phc v cho vic nh gi n nh v bo tr cng trnh.
Ba cng on trn c lin quan mt thit vi nhau v cn phi c thc hin theo mt trnh
t quy nh.
4.3. Vic xc nh ni dung v quy m cng tc kho st o c a hnh, yu cu chnh
xc thnh lp li khng ch thi cng v ni dung quan trc chuyn dch cng trnh l nhim
v ca t chc thit k.
- Vic tin hnh kho st o c - a hnh, thnh lp li khng ch phc v thi cng v vic
t chc quan trc chuyn dch cng trnh l nhim v ca ch u t.
- Cng tc o c b tr cng trnh kim tra cht lng thi cng xy lp cng trnh v o v
hon cng l nhim v ca n v xy lp.

4.4. Ta v cao dng o c kho st trc a - a hnh, thit k, thi cng xy lp

cng trnh phi nm trong cng mt h thng nht. Nu s dng h to gi nh th gc to
phi c chn sao cho to ca tt c cc im trn mt bng xy dng u c du
dng, nu s dng to quc gia th phi s dng h ta VN2000 v kinh tuyn trc
c chn sao cho bin dng chiu di ca cc cnh khng vt qu 1/50000, nu vt qu
th phi tnh chuyn. Mt chiu c chn trong o c xy dng cng trnh l mt c cao
trung bnh ca khu vc xy dng cng trnh. Khi hiu s cao mt t v mt chiu < 32m
th c th b qua s hiu chnh Sh, nu ln hn th phi tnh s hiu chnh do cao.
4.5. Tiu chun nh gi chnh xc ca cc i lng o trong xy dng l sai s trung
phng. Sai s gii hn c ly bng 2 ln sai s trung phng.
4.6. phc v xy dng cc cng trnh ln, phc tp, v cc nh cao tng n v thi cng
phi lp phng n k thut bao gm cc ni dung chnh nh sau:
- Gii thiu chung v cng trnh, yu cu chnh xc ca cng tc trc a phc v thi cng
xy dng cng trnh, cc ti liu trc a a hnh c trong khu vc.
- Thit k li khng ch mt bng v cao (a ra mt s phng n v chn phng n
ti u).
- T chc thc hin o c.
- Phng n x l s liu o c.
- Phng n x l cc vn phc tp nh cn chnh phng, thng ng ca cc thit
b, o kim tra cc khu vc quan trng vv...
- S b tr v cu to cc loi du mc.
4.7. Trc khi tin hnh cc cng tc trc a trn mt bng xy dng cn nghin cu tng
bnh cng trnh, kim tra cc bn v chi tit s s dng cho vic b tr cc cng trnh nh:
khong cch gia cc trc, khong cch tng th, to v cao ca cc im v c s
ph duyt ca b phn gim st k thut ca ch u t.
4.8. i vi cc cng trnh ln c dy chuyn cng ngh phc tp v cng trnh cao tng cn
phi s dng cc my mc thit b hin i c chnh xc cao nh my ton c in t,
my thu chun t cn bng c b o cc nh v mia invar, my chiu ng,.... thnh lp
li khng ch c th s dng cng ngh GPS kt hp vi my ton c in t. Tt c cc
thit b s dng u phi c kim tra, kim nghim v hiu chnh theo ng cc yu cu
trong tiu chun hoc quy phm chuyn ngnh trc khi a vo s dng.
5. Kho st trc a a hnh phc v thit k cng trnh
5.1. c im v yu cu chung v bn t l ln.
5.1.1. Trn khu vc xy dng hoc quy hoch xy dng thng o v bn t l t 1: 200;
1: 500 n 1: 5000.
5.1.2. Da vo ngha v mc ch s dng bn t l ln c th phn chia thnh hai loi:
- Bn a hnh t l ln c bn: Thnh lp theo cc quy nh chung ca c quan qun l nh
nc gii quyt nhng nhim v a hnh c bn. Ni dung th hin theo quy nh ca quy
phm hin hnh.
- Bn a hnh chuyn ngnh: Ch yu l loi bn a hnh cng trnh. Loi bn ny
c thnh lp di dng bn v mt ct c chi tit cao, dng lm ti liu c s v a
hnh, a vt phc v cho kho st, thit k xy dng v s dng cng trnh.
5.1.3. Cc phng php ch yu c s dng thnh lp bn a hnh:
- o v lp th v o v tng hp bng nh.
- o v trc tip ngoi thc a bng phng php ton c, ton c in t hoc kinh v kt
hp o cao b mt.
- Bn a hnh c th v trn giy hoc th hin di dng bn s. Ni dung ca bn
ny c lu gi di dng tp d liu v dng a hnh, a vt, to cao.
5.1.4. Ni dung ca bn a hnh t l ln cn th hin cc yu t sau:
ng ng mc v cao ca tt c cc im c trng, (yu t a hnh);
Nh ca v cc cng trnh xy dng, giao thng, h thng thu li, ng ng, ng dy cao
th, in thoi, h ao, sng ngi... v cc hin tng a cht quan st c nh cc hin

tng t gy, st l, cct v.v... Mc chi tit ca bn tu thuc vo mc khi qut

ho theo tng t l.
5.1.5. chnh xc, chi tit v y ca bn a hnh t l ln c quy nh nh
sau:
- chnh xc ca bn a hnh c c trng bi sai s trung phng tng hp ca v tr
mt bng v cao ca im a vt v a hnh v c quy nh l:
mp = 0.3 mm i vi khu vc xy dng;
mp = 0.4 mm i vi khu vc t xy dng;
1 1
mH =
h
3 4
Trong :
h- khong cao u ca ng ng mc.
i vi cng tc thit k, sai s v tr im tng h gia cc a vt quan trng khng c
vt qu 0.2 mm x M (M l mu s t l bn ).
chi tit ca bn a hnh c c trng bi mc ng dng ca cc yu t biu din
trn bn so vi hin trng ca chng trn mt t.
Bn t l cng ln, mc chi tit i hi cng cao. Sai s do khi qut a vt r nt i
vi bn t l ln khng c vt qu 0.5 mm x M
y ca bn c c trng bi mc dy c ca cc i tng cn o v c th
biu din c trn bn , n c biu th bng kch thc nh nht ca i tng v
khong cch nh nht gia cc i tng thc a cn c biu din trn bn .
5.1.6. Vic la chn t l bn o v cho khu vc xy dng c quy nh nh sau:
T l bn a hnh cng trnh c xc nh tu thuc vo cc yu t nh:
- Nhim v thit k phi gii quyt trn bn
- Giai on thit k
- Mc phc tp ca a vt, a hnh
- Mt ca cc ng ng, dy dn...
Trong c tnh n yu cu v chnh xc, chi tit v y ca bn , cc
chng php thit k v b tr cng trnh.
- Giai on lp lun chng kinh t k thut v thit k s b cn c bn t l 1: 10000,
hoc 1: 5000.
- Giai on thit k quy hoch chi tit, thit k k thut, cn s dng cc loi bn sau:
a) Bn t l 1: 5000, h = 0.5m 1.0m c dng thnh lp bn c s, tng bnh
khu vc thnh ph, cng nghip, thit k n khu vc xy dng;
b) Bn t l 1:2000, h= 0.5m 1.0m c dng thit k k thut cng trnh cng
nghip, dn dng, thu li, h thng ng dn, bn v thi cng ti tiu;
- Giai on thit k k thut thi cng cn cc loi bn sau:
a) Bn t l 1: 1000, h = 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng cng trnh khu vc cha
xy dng, tng bnh khu vc xy dng thnh ph, thit k chi tit cng trnh ngm, thit k
quy hoch, san lp mt bng;
b) Bn t l 1: 500, h = 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng cng trnh thnh ph, khu
cng nghip, o v hon cng cc cng trnh;
c) Bn t l 1: 200, h = 0.2m 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng cng trnh c din tch
nh nhng i hi chnh xc cao, o v hon cng cng trnh.
5.1.7. Khong cao u ca bn a hnh c xc nh da vo cc yu t sau:
- Yu cu thit k v c im cng trnh;
- chnh xc cn thit v cao v dc ca cng trnh;
- Mc phc tp v dc ca a hnh;
- Trong trng hp thng thng, khong cao u c chn nh sau:
h = 0.2 m; 0.5 m cho t l 1: 200; 1: 500, vng ng bng;
h = 0.5 m cho t l 1: 500; 1: 1000 vng ni;
h = 0.5 m 1.0m cho t l 1: 500; 1: 1000 vng ng bng;

1: 2000; 1:5000 vng ni;

h = 2.0 m cho t l 1: 2000; 1: 5000 vng ni.
5.1.8. Ngoi vic th hin ni dung bn trn giy m phng hin trng b mt t theo
cc phng php truyn thng nh ni trn, cc ni dung ca bn cn c th hin
di dng tp d liu trong cc thng tin v mt t nh ta , cao ca cc im
khng ch, im chi tit a hnh, a vt c biu din di dng s v thut ton s l
chng gii quyt cc yu cu c th. Loi bn ny c gi l bn s.
5.1.9. thnh lp bn s cn c 2 phn ch yu:
- Phn cng gm cc my ton c in t, my tnh in t v my v bn .
- Phn mm chuyn dng thnh lp bn c ci t vo my tnh in t.
5.1.10. Cc s liu ban u thnh lp bn s c th c o c trc tip trn mt t,
thu thp d liu bng phng php o nh hoc o trn bn .
- Phng php o c trc tip trn mt t thu thp cc d liu v to , cao cc im
chi tit bng my ton c in t t ghi chp s liu sau trt vo my tnh bin v bn
bng cc phn mm chuyn dng. y l phng php c hiu qu kinh t v t c
chnh xc cao.
- Phng php o nh thu thp cc d liu ban u l phng php c hiu qu kinh t cao
nht. Sau khi chnh l cp nh, tin hnh o cc im c trng ca a hnh, a vt, t ng
xc nh ta , cao v m ho c trng ca cc im . Trong my vi tnh cc s liu
c trng s c x l v a v h ta thng nht theo yu cu. chnh xc ca bn
s gn nh ph thuc hon ton vo chnh xc ca s liu ban u. V vy khi s dng
phng php ny th chnh xc ca bn s ph thuc vo chnh xc o nh v t l
nh.
- Phng php o trn bn thng c s dng trong giai on lp lun chng kinh t k
thut hoc thit k s b cng trnh c yu cu khng cao v chnh xc thnh lp bn .
Do vy c th thnh lp bn s da vo s liu o trn bn a hnh t l ln nht c.
Cch lm nh vy gi l s ho bn .
5.1.11. H thng phn mm chuyn dng thnh lp bn s bao gm:
- Phn mm x l s liu li khng ch khu vc o v: Phn mm ny dng s l s liu
o ngoi nghip, bao gm gii m, hiu chnh tr o, bnh sai trm my, t ng xp xp im
v thnh lp cu trc s liu mng li, tnh s hiu chnh chiu hnh cho cc tr o, tnh ta
gn ng cho cc im, tnh ton bnh sai v.v...
- Phn mm bin tp hnh
Cc s liu sau khi np vo my tnh th cn c vo cc loi m ca n c th t ng hnh
thnh bn . Nhng do tnh cht phc tp ca bn a hnh, bn mi c hnh thnh
khng th trnh khi sai st. Do cn phi dng hnh thc giao din ngi - my, tin
hnh gia cng, bin tp. Phn mm bin tp hnh bao gm: hnh thnh bn , bin tp,
chuyn sang my v bn , chuyn sang my in.
- Phn mm bin v cc k hiu v ghi ch trn bn a hnh: Phn mm ny bo m ch
hnh v v cc k hiu, ng nt v cc kiu s, kiu ch.
- Phn mm v cc ng ng mc: Cn c vo cc im a hnh t ng ni suy, v
ng ng mc v t ng ghi ch cao.
- Phn mm s ho bn a hnh: Phn mm ny bo m vic chuyn bn a hnh t l
ln hin c qua my s ho thnh bn s, bao gm c ta im cc yu t ca bn ,
chuyn i v lu ta , biu th hnh, to s thng nht gia s liu o thc a v s
liu s ho bn c thnh lp bn s.
5.2. Li khng ch o v bn t l ln
5.2.1. C s trc a o v bn t l ln l li trc a nh nc cc cp hng v li
khng ch o v.
Trn khu vc thnh ph v cng nghip li trc a c thit k phi m bo cc ch tiu
sau:

- chnh xc ca mng li khng ch cp trn phi m bo cho vic tng dy cho cp

di nhm tho mn yu cu o v bn t l ln nht v cc yu cu ca cng tc b tr
cng trnh.
- Mt im khng ch phi tho mn cc yu cu ca t l cn o v.
- i vi khu vc nh nn s dng h ta c lp (gi nh);
5.2.2. S cp hng ca mng li tu thuc vo din tch khu vc o v v c quy nh
theo bng 1, hoc m bo chnh xc tng ng.
5.2.3. Mt im khng ch gm cc im tam gic hng IV, ngchuyn cp 1, cp 2
o v bn ahnh t l 1/1000 1/2000 t nht l 4 im/km2 trung bnh t 8 im 12
im/1 km2; o v bn t l 1/500 mt im khng ch c th ln ti 15 im 18
im/1 km2 tu theo mc xy dng ca khu vc.
5.2.4. C s cao c xy dng di dng cao hng II, III, IV. Li hng II c thnh
lp khu vc rng c chu vi ln hn 40 km, chiu di tuyn gia cc im nt khng ln hn
10 km. Li c tng dy bng cc tuyn cao hng III. Chiu di tuyn hng III c b
tr gia cc im hng II khng c vt qu 15 km; chiu di gia cc im nt khng
vt qu 5 km. Li hng III c tng dy bng cc tuyn cao hng IV. Chiu di tuyn
b tr gia cc im hng II v III khng c qu 5 km. Chiu di tuyn gia cc im nt
khng c qu 23 km. Cc im hng IV cch nhau 400m 500 m khu vc xy dng v
1 km khu vc cha xy dng.
Bng 1. Din tch khu vc o v
v cc cp hng ca mng li khng ch
Khng ch
Khng ch
Din tch
c s
o v
o v
Mt bng
2
cao
Mt bng
cao
Li
Tng
(km )
nh nc
dy
II, III, IV
1.2
> 200
II, III, IV
Thu
II, III, IV Tam gic
1.2
III, IV
50 200
chun k
nh, ng
III, IV
1.2
IV
10 50
thut
chuyn
kinh
IV
1.2
IV
5 10
v
IV
1.2
_
2.5 5
IV
2
_
1 2.5
_
<1
5.2.5. Li khng ch o v mt bng thng c thnh lp di dng tam gic nh, ng
chuyn kinh v hoc giao hi gc, cnh. i vi khu vc cha xy dng, khi o v bn t
2
l 1: 1000 v 1: 2000 cn thnh lp t 12 n 16 im khng ch o v cho 1 km din tch.
nhng khu vc xy dng cn tin hnh kho st thc a xc nh s lng im khng
ch cho ph hp. Sai s v tr im khng ch o v so vi im khng ch c s gn nht
khng c vt qu 0.1 mm trn bn i vi vng quang ng; 0.15 mm trn bn i
vi vng rm rp. Chiu di cnh ca li khng ch o v c th thay i theo yu cu v
mt im v kh nng thng hng gia cc im khng ch lin quan. Sai s trung bnh
v tr mt bng ca cc a vt c nh, quan trng so vi im khng ch o v gn nht
khng vt qu 0,3mm trn bn ; i vi a vt khng quan trng khng vt qu 0,4mm
trn bn .
5.2.6. cao ca cc im thuc li khng ch o v thng c xc nh bng phng
php thu chun k thut di dng o cao hnh hc hoc o cao lng gic. Sai s cao
ca im khng ch o v so vi im cao c s gn nht khng c vt qu 1/10
khong cao u vng ng bng v 1/6 khong cao u vng ni.
5.2.7. Khi o v khu vc xy dng cn s dng bn cc loi t l 1: 200; 1: 500 1:
1000 v s dng cc phng php sau y o v chi tit:
- Phng php ta cc;

- Phng php giao hi gc, cnh;

- Phng php ta vung gc.
5.2.8. Khi o v khu vc cha xy dng cn s dng cc bn t l 1: 500; 1: 1000; 1:
2000; 1: 5000 v s dng cc phng php sau y o v chi tit:
- Phng php ton c;
- Phng php o cao b mt.
5.2.9. Cc ch tiu k thut c th v vic lp li khng ch, o v chi tit v thnh lp bn
cc loi t l c tham kho trong cc tiu chun ngnh v quy phm 96 TCN 43-90, 96
TCN 42-90, ca Cc o c v Bn , B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
6. Li khng ch thi cng
6.1. Li khng ch thi cng l mt mng li gm cc im c to c xc nh chnh
xc v c nh du bng cc mc kin c trn mt bng xy dng v c s dng lm c
s b tr cc hng mc cng trnh t bn v thit k ra thc a. Li khng ch thi cng
c xy dng sau khi gii phng v san lp mt bng.
6.2. Trc khi thit k li khng ch thi cng cn nghin cu k bn thuyt minh v nhim
v ca cng tc trc a, yu cu chnh xc cn thit i vi vic b tr cng trnh, phi
nghin cu k tng mt bng cng trnh chn v tr t cc mc khng ch sao cho chng
thun tin ti a trong qu trnh s dng v n nh lu di trong sut qu trnh thi cng xy
lp cng trnh.
6.3. H to ca li khng ch thi cng phi thng nht vi h to dng trong cc
giai on kho st v thit k cng trnh. Tt nht i vi cc cng trnh c quy m nh hn
100 ha nn s dng h to gi nh, i vi cng trnh c quy m ln phi s dng h to
Nh nc v phi chn kinh tuyn trc hp l bin dng chiu di khng vt qu
1/50.000 (tc l < 2mm/100m), nu vt qu th phi tnh chuyn
6.4. Khi im khng ch ca li c trn khu vc xy dng khng p ng c yu cu
th c th chn ta 1 im v phng v mt cnh ca li c lm s liu khi tnh cho
li khng ch mt bng thi cng cng trnh.
6.5. Tu thuc vo mt xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh v iu kin trang thit b trc
a ca cc n v thi cng li khng ch phc v thi cng c th c cc dng chnh nh sau:
a) Li vung xy dng: L mt h thng li gm cc nh to nn cc hnh vung hoc
cc hnh ch nht m cnh ca chng song song vi cc trc to v song song vi cc trc
chnh ca cng trnh. Chiu di cnh hnh vung hoc hnh ch nht c th t 50m 100m;
100m 200m; 200m 400 m.
b) Li ng chuyn a gic;
c) Li tam gic o gc cnh kt hp.
6.6. S bc pht trin ca li khng ch mt bng thi cng nn b tr l 2 bc: Bc 1 l li
tam gic hoc ng chuyn hng IV. Bc 2 l li ng chuyn cp 1. i vi cc hng
mc cng trnh ln v i tng xy lp c nhiu cp chnh xc khc nhau c th pht trin
ti a l 4 bc: Bc 1 l li tam gic hoc ng chuyn hng IV. Bc 2 l li ng
chuyn cp 1.Bc 3 l li ng chuyn cp 2 v bc 4 l li ng chuyn ton c.
6.7. Cn c vo yu cu chnh xc b tr cng trnh chn mt cc im ca li
khng ch. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip mt ca cc im nn chn l 1
im/2 ha 3 ha. Cnh trung bnh ca ng chuyn hoc tam gic t 200m n 300m. i
vi li khng ch mt bng phc v xy dng nh cao tng, mt cc im phi dy hn.
S im khng ch mt bng ti thiu l 4 im.
6.8. Li khng ch cao phc v thi cng cc cng trnh ln c din tch > 100 ha c
thnh lp bng phng php o cao hnh hc vi chnh xc tng i vi thu chun hng
III nh nc. i vi cc mt bng xy dng c din tch < 100 ha li khng ch cao
c thnh lp bng phng php o cao hnh hc vi chnh xc tng ng vi thu
chun hng IV nh nc. Li cao c thnh lp di dng tuyn n da vo t nht hai
mc cao cp cao hn hoc to thnh cc vng khp kn. Cc tuyn cao phi c dn i
qua tt c cc im ca li khng ch mt bng. Li khng ch mt bng v cao cn
phi c c tnh chnh xc mt cch cht ch theo nguyn l s bnh phng nh nht.

Trnh t nh gi v kt qu nh gi c nu trong cng hoc phng n k thut v

phi c ph duyt trc khi thi cng.
6.9. c trng v chnh xc ca li khng ch mt bng v cao phc v xy lp cng
trnh c ghi trong bng 2;
Cc mc phi c t v tr thun li cho vic t my v thao tc o c v c bo
qun lu di s dng trong sut mt thi gian thi cng xy lp cng nh sa cha v m
rng sau ny. Khi t mc nn trnh cc v tr c iu kin a cht khng n nh, cc v tr
yu cu cc thit b c ti trng ng ln, cc v tr gn cc ngun nhit.
V tr cc mc ca li khng ch mt bng phc v thi cng phi c nh du trn tng
bnh xy dng.
6.10. Vic thnh lp li khng ch mt bng phc v thi cng xy lp cng trnh l trch
nhim ca ch u t. Vic thnh lp li phi c hon thnh v bn giao cho cc nh thu
chm nht l 2 tun trc khi khi cng xy dng cng trnh. H s bn giao gm:
- S li khng ch mt bng v cao (v trn nn tng bnh mt bng ca cng trnh
xy dng);
- Kt qu tnh ton bnh sai li khng ch mt bng;
- Kt qu tnh ton bnh sai li khng ch cao;
- Bng thng k to v cao ca cc im trong li.
S ha v tr cc mc ca li khng ch khi bn giao phi lp bin bn v c ch k ca c
bn giao v bn nhn. Mu bin bn bn giao ti liu c lp theo quy nh trong tiu chun
ngnh 96 TCN 43-90.
Bng 2. Sai s trung phng khi lp li khng ch thi cng
Sai s trung phng
khi lp li
Cp
o chnh
chnh
c im
o
o
cao trn
xc
ca i tng xy lp
gc
cnh
1km thu
(")
(t l)
chun
(mm)
1
2
3
4
6
3"
1/25000
4
1
X nghip, cc cm nh v cng trnh
xy dng trn phm vi ln hn 100 ha,
tng ngi nh v cng trnh ring bit
trn din tch ln hn 100 ha
5"
1/10000
6
2
X nghip, cc cm nh v cng trnh
xy dng trn phm vi nh hn 100 ha,
tng ngi nh v cng trnh ring bit
trn din tch t 1ha n 10ha.
10"
1/5000
10
3
Nh v cng trnh xy dng trn din
tch < 1ha. ng trn mt t v cc
ng ng ngm trong phm vi xy
dng.
4
ng trn mt t v cc ng ng
30"
1/2000
15
ngm ngoi phm vi xy dng.
7. Cng tc b tr cng trnh
7.1. Cng tc b tr cng trnh nhm mc ch m bo cho cc hng mc cng trnh hoc cc
kt cu ring bit c xy dng ng theo v tr thit k. Tu theo iu kin c th v li
khng ch phc v b tr v trang thit b ca nh thu, c th s dng phng php to
vung gc, phng php to cc, phng php ng chuyn ton c, phng php giao
hi hoc phng php tam gic khp kn thc hin vic b tr cng trnh. Cc s ca
li b tr cng trnh trn mt bng xy dng v nh cao tng c th tham kho ph lc A.

7.2. Trc khi tin hnh b tr cng trnh cn phi kim tra li cc mc ca li khng ch
mt bng v cao.
7.3. Trnh t b tr cng trnh c tin hnh theo cc ni dung sau:
- Lp li b tr trc cng trnh;
- nh v cng trnh;
- Chuyn trc cng trnh ra thc a v gic mng cng trnh;
- B tr cc trc ph ca cng trnh da trn s cc trc chnh c b tr;
- B tr chi tit cc trc dc v trc ngang ca cc hng mc cng trnh;
- Chuyn trc v cao ln cc tng xy lp;
- B tr cc im chi tit ca cng trnh da vo bn v thit k;
- o v hon cng.
7.4. T chc thit k cn giao cho nh thu cc bn v cn thit, gm:
- Bn v tng mt bng cng trnh;
- Bn v b tr cc trc chnh ca cng trnh (c ghi kch thc, to giao im gia cc
trc);
- Bn v mng ca cng trnh (cc trc mng kch thc mng v su);
- Bn v mt ct cng trnh (c cc kch thc v cao cn thit).
Trc khi tin hnh b tr cng trnh phi kim tra cn thn cc s liu thit k gia cc bn
v chi tit so vi mt bng tng th, kch thc tng phn v kch thc ton th. Mi sai lch
cn phi c bo co cho c quan thit k xem xt v chnh sa.
7.5. Yu cu chnh xc b tr cng trnh tu thuc vo:
- Kch thc ca hng mc;
- Vt liu xy dng;
- Tnh cht;
- Hnh thc kt cu;
- Trnh t v phng php thi cng xy lp.
7.6. b tr cng trnh cn phi s dng cc my mc, thit b c chnh xc ph hp.
Tnh nng k thut ca mt s my thng dng c nu trong phn ph lc D v ph lc E.
Trc khi a vo s dng cc my cn phi c kim nghim theo ng yu cu ca quy
phm v Tiu chun Ngnh do Cc o c v Bn B Ti nguyn v mi trng ban
hnh.
7.7. Cc sai s o c khi lp li b tr trc bn ngoi v bn trong to nh hoc cng trnh
v sai s ca cc cng tc b tr khc c chia thnh 6 cp chnh xc tu thuc vo chiu cao
v s tng ca to nh, cc c im v kt cu, vt liu xy dng, trnh t v phng php
thi cng cng trnh. Sai s trung phng cho php khi lp li b tr cng trnh c nu
Bng 3.
7.8. Sai s chuyn ta v cao t cc im ca li trc c s ln cc tng thi cng c
nu bng 4.
Bng 3. Sai s trung phng khi lp li b tr cng trnh
Sai s trung phng khi lp cc li
b tr trc v sai s ca cc cng tc
b tr khc
Cp
c im ca cc to nh, cc
chnh
Xc nh
cng trnh v kt cu xy dng
xc
o
chnh cao ti
o
gc
trm my
cnh
(")
(mm)
1
Cp 1

2
Cc kt cu kim loi c phay cc
b mt tip xc; cc kt cu b
tng ct thp c lp ghp

Cp 2

Cp 3

Cp 4
Cp 5
Cp 6

bng phng php t nh v ti

cc im chu lc; cc cng trnh
cao t 100m n 120m hoc c
khu t 30m n 36m.
Cc to nh cao hn 15 tng; cc
cng trnh c chiu cao t 60m
n 100m hoc c khu t
18m n 30m.
Cc to nh cao t 5 tng n 15
tng; cc cng trnh c chiu cao
t 15m n 60m hoc c khu
di 18m.
Cc to nh cao di 5 tng; cc
cng trnh c chiu cao < 15m
hoc c khu < 6m.
Cc kt cu g, cc li cng
trnh, cc ng x, cc ng
dn ngm.
Cc cng trnh bng t (trong
k c cng tc quy hoch
ng)

1
15.000

1
10.000

10

1
5000

20

2,5

1
3000

30

1
2000

30

1
1000

45

10

Bng 4. Sai s trung phng chuyn trc v cao

ln cc mt bng xy lp
Chiu cao ca mt bng thi cng xy dng (m)
Cc sai s
< 15
1560
60100
100120
2
2,5
3
4
Sai s trung phng chuyn cc
im, cc trc theo phng
thng ng (mm)
3
4
5
5
Sai s trung phng xc nh
cao trn mt bng thi cng xy
dng so vi mt bng gc (mm)

7.9. chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp trn cao c th s dng

cc phng php:
- S dng my kinh v (i vi cc nh < 5 tng);
- S dng my chiu ng; phng php ta bng my ton c in t.
- S dng cng ngh GPS.
Vic chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp t nht phi c thc hin t
3 im to thnh 1 gc vung hoc mt ng thng c th kim tra kt qu chuyn to
. Nu s dng my chiu ng th phi cc l ch c kch thc khng nh hn 150mm
x150mm. Ti mi v tr phi thc hin vic chiu t 3 hoc 4 v tr bn ngang ca my
cch nhau 1200 (hoc 900) v ly v tr trung bnh ca cc ln chiu (trng tm ca tam gic
u hoc ca hnh vung) to thnh c chn lm v tr cui cng s dng. Nu n v thi
cng c my kinh v in t v knh ngm vung gc th c th s dng chng nh my chiu
ng chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp trn cao.
7.10. Trong qu trnh thi cng cn phi tin hnh kim tra chnh xc ca cng tc b tr
cng trnh da vo cc im c s trc a. Cc lch gii hn cho php ca cng tc b tr
cng trnh c tnh bng cng thc:
= t.m ( 6.1)
Trong :

t - c gi tr bng 2; 2,5; 3 v c n nh trc trong bn thit k xy dng hoc bn thit k

cc cng tc trc a, tu thuc vo tnh cht quan trng v mc phc tp ca tng cng
trnh.
m - sai s trung phng c ly theo Bng 3 v 4.
7.11. Khi bit trc gi tr dung sai xy lp cho php ca tng hng mc cng trnh c th xc
nh c dung sai ca cng tc trc a theo nguyn tc cn bng sai s:

td = xl
(6.2)
3
Trong :
t - l dung sai ca cng tc trc a;
xl - l dung sai ca cng tc xy lp;
S 3 - l ch 3 ngun sai s trong xy lp: Sai s do trc a, sai s do ch to, thi cng cu
kin; sai s do bin dng.
i vi cc cng trnh xy dng i hi chnh xc cao cn c phng n ring tnh
dung sai v cng tc trc a.
8. Kim tra kch thc hnh hc v o v hon cng
8.1. Trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp cng trnh cc nh thu (Tng thu v cc nh thu ph)
phi tin hnh o c kim tra v tr v kch thc hnh hc ca cc hng mc xy dng. y
l cng on bt buc ca qu trnh xy dng v kim tra cht lng sn phm.
8.2. Cng tc kim tra cc yu t hnh hc bao gm:
a) Kim tra v tr ca cc hng mc, cc kt cu ring bit v h thng k thut so vi cc
tham s trong h s thit k.
b) o v hon cng v tr mt bng, cao, kch thc hnh hc ca cc hng mc, cc kt
cu sau khi hon thnh giai on lp rp.
c) o v hon cng h thng k thut ngm (thc hin trc khi lp)
8.3. Vic o c kim tra v o v hon cng phi c thc hin bng cc my mc, thit b
c chnh xc tng ng vi cc thit b dng trong giai on thi cng. Tt c my mc
ny u phi c kim nghim m bo yu cu v cht lng theo Tiu chun Ngnh 96
TCN 43-90.
8.4. Cc yu t cn kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp, phng php, trnh t v khi
lng cng tc kim tra phi c xc nh trc trong phng n k thut thi cng cc cng
tc trc a phc v xy dng cng trnh.
8.5. Danh sch cc hng mc quan trng, cc kt cu v cc khu vc cn o v hon cng khi
kim tra nghim thu do n v thit k xc nh.
Vic kim tra cc kch thc hnh hc k c o v hon cng cng trnh trong tt c cc giai
on thi cng xy dng cng trnh do cc nh thu thc hin.
8.6. V tr mt bng v cao ca cc hng mc, cc cu kin hoc ca cc phn ca to nh
hay cng trnh v thng ng ca chng, v tr cc bu lng neo, cc bn m cn phi c
xc nh t cc im c s b tr hoc cc im nh hng ni b. Trc khi tin hnh cng
vic cn kim tra li xem cc im ny c b x dch hay khng.
8.7. chnh xc ca cng tc o c kim tra kch thc hnh hc v o v hon cng khng
c ln hn 0.2 dung sai cho php ca kch thc hnh hc c cho trong cc tiu chun
chuyn ngnh hoc trong h s thit k. Trong trng hp cng trnh c xy dng theo cc
ti liu thit k c cc dung sai xy dng v ch to khng c trong quy phm hoc tiu chun
chuyn ngnh th trong phng n k thut v cng tc trc a cn phi tin hnh c tnh
chnh xc theo cc cng thc c c s khoa hc.
8.8. Kt qu o c kim tra kch thc hnh hc ca cc cng trnh v o v hon cng phi
c a vo h s bo co np cho c quan t vn gim st v ch u t.
8.9. Da vo kt qu o v hon cng cng trnh v h thng cng trnh ngm ca cng trnh
lp bn v hon cng. T l ca bn v hon cng c ly bng t l ca tng bnh

hoc t l bn v thi cng tng ng. Trong trng hp cn thit cn phi lp bng k to
ca cc yu t ca cng trnh v phn ph lc.
8.10. Cc s v cc bn v hon cng lp ra theo kt qu o v hon cng s c s dng
trong qu trnh bn giao v nghim thu cng trnh v l mt phn ca h s ti liu bt buc
phi c nh gi cht lng xy lp cng trnh.
8.11. Dung sai cho php v trc a khi lp gip cc kt cu b tng ct thp c sn nh cng
nghip v dung sai cho php khi lp ghp cc kt cu thp nu ph lc B v ph lc C
9. Cng tc o ln, o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh
9.1. Nhng quy nh chung v o ln v o chuyn dch
9.1.1. Vic o ln, o chuyn dch nn nh v cng trnh, cn c tin hnh theo mt
chng trnh c th nhm cc mc ch sau:
- Xc nh cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch tuyt i v tng i ca nn nh v cng trnh
so vi cc gi tr tnh ton theo thit k ca chng;
- Tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy ra ln, chuyn dch v mc nguy him ca chng i vi
qu trnh lm vic bnh thng ca nh v cng trnh trn c s a ra cc gii php nh
hp nhm phng ng cc s c c th xy ra;
- Xc nh cc thng s c trng cn thit v n nh ca nn v cng trnh;
- Lm chnh xc thm cc s liu c trng cho tnh cht c l ca nn t;
- Dng lm s liu kim tra cc phng php tnh ton, xc nh cc gi tr ln, chuyn
dch gii hn cho php i vi cc loi nn t v cc cng trnh khc nhau.
9.1.2. Cng vic o ln v o chuyn dch nn mng ca nh v cng trnh c tin hnh
trong thi gian xy dng v s dng cho n khi t c n nh v ln v chuyn
dch. Vic o chuyn dch trong thi gian s dng cng trnh cn c tin hnh khi pht hin
thy cng trnh xut hin cc vt nt ln hoc c s thay i r nt v iu kin lm vic ca
nh v cng trnh.
9.1.3. Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh cn phi xc nh (c lp hoc ng
thi) cc i lng sau:
- Chuyn dch thng ng( ln, vng, tri);
- Chuyn dch ngang( chuyn dch);
- nghing;
- Vt nt.
9.1.4. Vic o ln v chuyn dch cng trnh c tin hnh theo cc trnh t sau:
- Lp cng hoc phng n k thut;
- La chn thit k cu to cc loi mc chun v mc quan trc;
- Phn b v tr t mc c s mt bng v cao;
- Gn cc mc o ln hoc o chuyn dch cho nh v cng trnh;
- S dng my o cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch ngang v nghing.
- Tnh ton s l s liu v phn tch kt qu o.
9.1.5. Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch ngang v nghing nu trong cng
hoc phng n k thut c chn tu thuc vo yu cu chnh xc ca php o, c
im cu to ca mng, c im v a cht cng trnh, a cht thu vn ca t nn, kh
nng ng dng v hiu qu kinh t ca phng php.
9.1.6. Vic xc nh s b chnh xc o ln, o chuyn dch ngang c thc hin ph
hp vi cc gi tr ln v chuyn dch ngang d tnh theo thit k c nu bng 5.
Da trn c s sai s cho php o chuyn dch Bng 5 xc nh chnh xc ca cc cp
o; khi khng c cc s liu d tnh theo thit k th vic la chn cc cp o da vo c
im ca nn t v tm quan trng ca cng trnh theo Bng 6;
Cp 1: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng trnh c xy dng trn nn t
cng v na cng (thi gian s dng trn 50 nm), cc cng trnh quan trng, cc cng trnh
c ngha c bit.
Bng 5. Sai s o chuyn dch i vi cc giai on
xy dng v s dng cng trnh
n v tnh bng mm

Gi tr tnh ton ln v
chuyn dch ngang d
tnh theo thit k

1
< 50
50 100
100 250
250 500
> 500

Giai on
xy dng
Ct
2
1
2
5
10
15

Giai on s dng
cng trnh
Loi t nn
t st
Ct
t st
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
5
2
5
10
5
10

Cp 2: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng trnh c xy dng trn nn ct,

t st v trn nn t c tnh bin dng cao, cc cng trnh c o xc nh cc nguyn
nhn h hng.
Cp 3: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng trnh c xy dng trn nn t
p, nn t yu v trn nn t b nn mnh.
Bng 6. Sai s gii hn o chuyn dch v chnh xc
ca cc cp o
n v tnh bng mm
Sai s o chuyn dch
chnh xc
ca cc cp o
ln
chuyn dch ngang
2
1
1
5
2
2
10
5
3
9.2. Cng tc chun b trc khi o
9.2.1. Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln: Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln bng
phng php o cao hnh hc c nu trong TCXDVN 271: 2002.
9.2.2. Cng tc chun b trc khi o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing: Trc khi o chuyn
dch ngang v o nghing nh hoc cng trnh cn xy dng li cc mc chun. Cc mc
chun ny c coi l n nh so vi mt phng nm ngang ca cc chn ct v c th s
dng cc im ny t chn my chiu ngc theo tng cao ca cc im cn o. So
snh s chnh lch gia cc khong cch ngang ca cc im o s xc nh c gi tr
chuyn dch ngang hoc nghing ca cng trnh theo tng hng cc cao khc nhau.
9.2.3. Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing cn phi tin hnh nh gi n
nh ca li mc chun theo mi chu k.
9.3. Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh
9.3.1. Cc phng php o ln cng trnh.
9.3.1.1. Khi o ln ca nh v cng trnh c th s dng 1 trong cc phng php sau:
- Phng php o cao hnh hc;
- Phng php o cao lng gic;
- Phng php o cao thu tnh;
- Phng php chp nh.
9.3.1.2. Phng php s dng ph bin o ln nh v cng trnh l phng php o cao
hnh hc. Quy trnh k thut o v xc nh ln theo phng php ny c nu
trong TCXDVN 271: 2002.
9.3.2. Cc phng php o chuyn dch ngang ca cng trnh
9.3.2.1. o ln nh v cng trnh c th s dng ring bit mt trong cc phng php
sau hoc s dng kt hp mt s phng php sau:
- Phng php hng chun;
- Phng php o gc - cnh.

9.3.2.2. o chuyn dch ngang theo phng php hng chun thc cht l o khong cch t
cc im kim tra n mt phng thng ng (hng chun) ti cc thi im khc nhau bng
phng php o gc nh hoc phng php bng ngm di ng.
9.3.2.3. Trong trng hp khng th thnh lp c hng chun quan trc chuyn dch
ngang cn s dng mt trong cc phng php sau:
- Phng php giao hi gc, giao hi cnh hoc giao hi gc cnh;
- Phng php tam gic;
- Phng php ng chuyn a gic.
9.3.2.4. Sai s gii hn cho php khi o chuyn dch ngang c quy nh nh sau: 1mm
i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn gc; 3mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t
ct, t st v cc loi t chu nn khc; 5mm i vi cc loi p t chu p lc cao;
10mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t p, t bn chu nn km v 15mm i vi
cng trnh bng t p.
- Yu cu chnh xc khi o chuyn dch ngang i vi cc cng trnh c bit c tnh
ton ring trn c s thit k k thut v cng ngh ca tng cng trnh;
- Trong trng hp cha xc nh trc c hng chuyn dch ca cng trnh th phi quan
trc theo hai hng vung gc vi nhau.
9.3.3. Phng php o nghing cng trnh
9.3.3.1. chnh xc cn thit khi o nghing cng trnh ph thuc vo loi cng trnh,
chiu cao, chiu di ca cng trnh.
Sai s cho php o nghing ca cc cng trnh khng c vt qu quy nh sau y:
- i vi nn b mng ln, my lin hp: 0,00001 L
- i vi tng ca cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng: 0,0001H
- i vi ng khi, thp, ct cao: 0,0005 H
trong :
L - chiu di ca nn b;
H - chiu cao ca cng trnh.
9.3.3.2. Tu theo iu kin c th ca khu vc, chiu cao ca cng trnh v chnh xc cn
thit la chn cc phng php o nghing sau y:
- Phng php ta ;
- Phng php o gc ngang;
- Phng php o gc nh;
- Phng php chiu ng;
- Phng php o khong thin nh nh.
9.3.4. o vt nt cng trnh
9.3.4.1. Vic o c h thng s pht trin ca cc vt nt ngay t khi chng xut hin trn kt
cu nh v cng trnh nhm nh gi cc c trng v bin dng v mc nguy him i vi
qu trnh s dng cng trnh.
9.3.4.2. Khi o vt nt theo chiu di cn tin hnh theo cc chu k c nh, nh du v tr v
ngy quan trc.
9.3.4.3. Khi o vt nt theo chiu rng cn phi s dng cc dung c hoc thit b chuyn
dng, nh du v tr v ngy quan trc ca cc chu k.
9.3.4.4. Khi chiu rng ca vt nt ln hn 1 mm cn phi o chiu su ca n.
10. Ghi chp lu gi h s
10.1. Cc ti liu o c, tnh ton v bn a hnh t l ln phc v cho quy hoch thit k
k thut thi cng xy lp cng trnh phi c lu gi di dng bo co k thut, bn a
hnh in trn giy v bn s.
10.2. Cc ti liu h s v li khng ch thi cng, li b tr cng trnh v cc cng tc trc
a cng trnh khc phc v cho thi cng, xy lp, o v hon cng v quan trc chuyn dch
cng trnh phi c tng hp, bo co, nghim thu, bn giao cho ch u t lu gi trong
qu trnh xy dng v s dng cng trnh.