MATLAB

MATLAB
Dr. Hammed
Computer Science

2008
MATLAB
MATLAB:
)(The MATLAB programming language
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~
-1 .MATLAB
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-5 .
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-10 . MATLAB
-11 .
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-13 .
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6.5 -1
MATLAB , ,
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MATLAB Help Version 6.5 -2
www.mathworks.com -3
MATLAB
MATLAB : The MATLAB Programming Language
MATLAB

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Dr. Hammed
Computer Science
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-3 ) (Tools Bar
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MATLAB
Copy Command Window Paste

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-14 M-file )(
MATLAB New
File M-file Open
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) MATLAB ( . ).(8) ,(7) ,(6
-15 Run
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Debug <<
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-17 global
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:

;clc
;clear
;tic
)(commands
;t = toc
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Help :
MATLAB Help
11
Help
MATLAB
-:
1- Contents.
2- Index.
3- Search.
4- Demos.
-20 break
) break (.
:
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if .
.
else
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12
function .
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MATLAB
-21 return .
:
function
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;return

-22
..
....
-23 .ans
-24
.
MATLAB : MATLAB Symbols

MATLAB :
- ::
- :
A, B, , Z, a, b, , z
9 , ,2 ,1 ,0
- ) , ( ,* , ; , > , < , =, - , + :
... , } ,.
Constants:
MATLAB -:
13
MATLAB
)( :Numerical Constants
:
:
) (1 :
18- ,472 ,23+ ,0
: .
>> bitmax
= ans
9.007199254740991e+015
1-253
) (2 :
18.0- ,472.5 ,51.8 ,0.0 :
>> realmin
= ans
2.225073858507201e-308
>> realmax
= ans
1.797693134862316e+308
>> pi
= ans
3.146
) (3 : 10N
MATLAB EN 103 2.0 2.0E3 : 2.0E+3
MATLAB -102 1.7 1.7E2- :

:0.0032
10-3 3.2E-3 : 3.2
) (4 :
:
2i , 6 - 9i , 6 + sin (0.5) * j , sqrt (-2) - 1 :
=i=j
:1 :
c = -7.7782 4.9497i
)cr = -7.7782 (c

14
cr = real
MATLAB
ci = imag
ci = -4.9497
)(c
)c2 = 3 * (2 sqrt (-1) * 3
6.000 9.000i:2
Numeric
)(
)int8, uint8 (1 byte

)int16, uint16 (2 bytes
single
real
)(4 bytes
double
MATLAB
real
)(8 bytes

)
:1
(
;>> x = 100
;>> x = 100
;)>> x = uint8 (x
;)>> x = double (x
;>> y = x + 1
:2
;>> y = x + 1
Error
y = 101
)( String Constants:
""
quotations ' '

.
'= 'The speed of wind
''I love Basrah
''My birthday = 1970
15
MATLAB

A B :
''A' < 'B
)( Boolean Constants:
) (1 true ) (0 .false
:
1
3>2
0>5
Variables:
:
.1 ) (
:
if, end, for, break, else, global, return, function, sin, log,
.2 ) COST, CoST, cost, Cost
, A .( a
.3 ) l (small letter MATLAB 1.
.4 63
. 63
.5
. underscore .
.6 MATLAB ).( ,if, while, input
MATLAB:
)( Numerical Variables:
16
MATLAB
A Z a b
0 9
) (
underscore 63 .
) (.
:
Ali_Ahmed, X2, S2, ks, K

^ * / - +
.MATLAB
MATLAB

a 3b
a3*b
c2 - 10
c ^ 2 10
a2 + b2 / 12
(a ^ 2 + b ^ 2) / 12
)m * (7 * d 8 * g
)m (7d 8g
)( Rule of Precedence

,
, ) ( )
( :
:

A/B+C
C +
1
2
17
A
B
MATLAB
)A / (B + C
A
BC
1
2
A
.
:
M) ^ A - B / (K * F - X
1
2
3
4
5
.
: X M .
: K F .
:
.
: B .
: A .
Arithmetic Statement
MATLAB
MATLAB
18
MATLAB
) (
:
1( y = A * X + B
2) A = 3.14 * R ^ 2
:
:
Z = A B / C
1
2
3

.
)( String Variables:

) (.
String Statement

) (
.
:
;'A = 'Hameed AbdulKareem
;'N = 'Number of Student
;'Dept = 'Computer Science
:
' ' .
:Library Functions
19
MATLAB
MATLAB

:
Sqrt
abs
exp
log
log 10
log 2
sin
Cos
Tan
atan
fix
floor
ceil
round
mod
rem
Sign
imag
real
factor
Isprime
primes
gcd
lcm

10

2

, ,

true

:
;>> x = 2.6
;)>> y1 = fix (x); y2 = floor (x); y3 = ceil (x); y4 = round (x
y1 = 2
y2 = 2
20
MATLAB
y3 = 3
/
y4 = 3
:
.
)(d
sin (a + b) m / sqrt
1
3
4
:
: a .b
: ).(1
: .d
: m ).(3
: ) (4 ) (2
) (.
: :MATLAB
a 2 10
) b = sqrt ( a ^ 2 + 10
)z = ln (cx + ny
)z = log (c * x + n * y
)y = sin 3 (x + nk
y = (sin (x + n * k)) ^ 3
)s = tan-1 (y / x
)s = atan (y / x
r 2 e x 5
)) r = 2 * sqrt (exp (x 5
21
MATLAB
y
)( a m
)t = abs (x sqrt (y)) / (a + m
g p 2 5 ab
)g = p ^ (3 / 2) + (a * b / c) ^ (1 / 5

.
.

. MATLAB
.

MATLAB
.
22
MATLAB
: )(1
):(2
0.9
]x = [1, 3, 7, 9, 20
)y = sin (x
0.8
0.7
0.6
0 x
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
y
0 0.31 0.59 0.81 0.95
1
0.95 0.81 0.59 0.31 0
x = [0 0.1 * pi .2 * pi .3 * pi .4 * pi .5 * pi .6 * pi .7 * pi .8 * pi .9 * pi
]pi
)y = sin (x
MATLAB
)(
. ) sin (x MATLAB
x y
MATLAB .

11
.
)>> x (3
= ans
0.6283
)>> y (5
= ans
0.9511
MATLAB
).(:
)>> x (1: 5
= ans
1.2566
23
0.9425
0.6283
0.3142
MATLAB
x 5 :1
1 .5
:
)>> x (7: end
= ans
3.1416
2.5133
2.8274
2.1991
1.885
end
.
:
)>> y (3: -1: 1
= ans
0
0.3090
0.5878
1 :1- :3
3 1 .1
:
)>> x (2: 2: 7
= ans
1.5708
0.9425
0.3142
x 7 :2 :2
2 2 .7
:
)]>> y ([8 2 9 1
= ans
0
0.5878
0.3090
0.8090
][1 9 2 8 y

24
MATLAB
. ]9 2 8
[1 .y
:
)]2
3 4
>> y ([1
= ans
0.3090
0.3090
0.8090
0.5878
:
MATLAB
.
)>> y (3.2
Error
)>> y (3.7
Error
)>> y (11.6

Error

x
x
111
x .
:
1) >> x = (0: 0.1: 1) * pi
) 2) >> x = linspace (0, pi, 11
:
25
MATLAB
]>> a = [1: 7
=a
7
:
])>> b = [linspace (1, 7, 5
=b
2.5 4
5.5 7
:
)>> a = (1: 7
=a
7
:
b = 1: 2: 9
>> a = 1 :5
=a
1
=b
1
:

:
]>> c = [b a
=c
4 5
c b .a
26
MATLAB

.
:
]5
>> c = [1
=c

:
]>> c = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5
=c
) (
1
2
3
4
5
:
>> a = 1: 5
=a
5
:
'>> b = a
)( a
.b
=b
1
2
3
4
5
27
MATLAB
:
) (
;>> k = b
:
]8
>> g = [1
=g
:
3 4
>> g = [1
7 8
]10 11 12
Enter Return MATLAB

.
:
]7
>> h = [1
Error
:
; )half = g (2, 2
; full = g
:
]>> c = [1: 5; 2: 2: 10; 7: -1: 3
=c
1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
7 6 5 4 3
28
MATLAB
)>> c (1, 2
= ans
2
:
MATLAB

)
(.
)>> c (12
= ans
4

.
:
g %
>> g 2
= ans
2
-1
9 10

g .2
:
>> 2 * g 1
= ans

g , 2

9 11 13 15
1.
29
MATLAB
17 19 21 23
:
>> 2 * g / 5 + 1
= ans
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.4
4.2
3.8
3.4
5.8
5.4
4.6
g 2

5 .

. ,
,

MATLAB :
%
>> g
=g
9 10 11 12
]>> h = [1 1 1 1 ; 2 2 2 2 ; 3 3 3 3
=h
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
>> g + h
30
MATLAB
= ans
5
10
12 13 14 15
>> ans h
= ans
4
10 11 12
>> 2 * g h
= ans
3
10 12 14
15 17 19 21
)>> 2 * (g h
= ans
4
10 12
12 14 16 18

,
.

:
>> g .* h
= ans
4
31
MATLAB
14 16
10 12
33 36
27 30
g h
.
: MATLAB
,
.
>> g * h
Error
g

:
>> g ./ h
= ans
4.0000
3.0000
2.0000
1.0000
4.0000
3.5000
3.0000
2.5000
4.0000
3.6667
3.3333
3.0000
: , MATLAB
. ,
.
>> g .^ 2
= ans
16
64
49
25 36
81 100 121 144

. g
32
MATLAB

MATLAB ,
,
,
.
) (
)>> ones (3
= ans
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
) (
)>> zeros (2, 5
= ans
) (
)>> size (g
= ans
3 4
))>> ones (size (g
= ans
1
: ) ones (n zeros
) (n MATLAB n n
.
33
MATLAB
) (
)>> eye (4
= ans
0
) (
)>> rand (3
= ans
0.4565
0.4860
0.9501
0.0185
0.8913
0.2311
0.8214
0.7621
0.6068
)>> rand (1, 5
= ans
0.7382
0.9218
0.7919
0.6154
0.4447
:
;>> d = pi
)>> d * ones (3, 4
= ans
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
)>> d + zeros (3, 4

= ans
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
( d (3 4
34
)>> repmat (d, 3, 4
MATLAB
= ans
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
3.1416
: d .

MATLAB ,

,
,
,
. MATLAB
:
]>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9
=A
3
>> A (3, 3) = 0
=A
) (3 ,3.
>> A (2, 6) = 1
=A
) (6 ,2 1
A ,

.
35
1 2 3 0 0 0
1
4 5 6 0 0
MATLAB
7 8 0 0 0
>> A (:, 4) = 4
=A
1 2 3 4 0 0
4 5 6 4 0
7 8 0 4 0
]>> A (:, 4) = [4; 4; 4

=A
1 2 3 4 0 0
4 5 6 4 0
7 8 0 4 0
]>> A (:, 4) = [4 4 4

Error
:
]>> B = [7 8 9; 4 5 6; 1 2 3
=B
]9
>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8
=A
3
])]>> C = [A B(:, [1 3
=C
C A
.B

36
MATLAB
)>> B = A (1: 2, 2: 3
=B
3
: B A
.
)>> B = A (:
=B
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
:
;]>> B = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9
)>> B = reshape (A, 1, 9
=B
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
;)]>> B = reshape (A, [1 9
=B
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
37
MATLAB
3*3 9*1
:
>> A = B
=A
3
] [ = )>> B (:, 2
B
=B
B ,
] [ ,
: )( . reshape
'>> C = B
=C
7
)>> reshape (B, 2, 3

= ans
6
: reshape
). (transport
: .C
] [ = )>> C (2, :
=C
7
38
MATLAB
: A .C
>> A (2, :) = C
=A
3
:
>> x = -3: 3
=x
2 3
-1
-3
-2
.

, ) (1 true
) (0 false
. :
>> abs (x) > 1
= ans
1
)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

y x
.
=y
3
-2
-3
,
:
]-4
-3; 2
>> B = [5
=B
39
MATLAB
-3
-4
>> x = abs (B) > 2

=x
1
)>> y = B (x
=y
5
-3
-4

, sort ,MATLAB
:
<< = x
) (
)randperm (8
=x
8
)>> [y, indx] = sort (x

=y
8
1
= indx
40
MATLAB

:
) (
])>> A = [randperm (6); randperm (6); randperm (6); randperm (6
=A
3
)>> [As, idx] = sort (A

= As
1
= idx

, . MATLAB
41
MATLAB
,find
,true :
>> x = -3: 3
=x
3
-1
-3
-2
)>> k = find (abs (x) > 1

)(
7
=k
6
)>> y = x (k
=y
3
-3
-2
)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

=y
3
-3
-2
find )
( ,:
]9
;6
;3
>> A = [1
=A
3
)>> [i, j] = find (A > 6

=i
3
3
3
=j
42
MATLAB
1
2
3
: diag .
9
9
6
9
9
8
9
8
8
5
8
7
7
=A
)>> diag (A
= ans
7
8
8
9
:
MATLAB max min
.
:
)>> v = rand (1, 6
=v
0.5417
0.3028
0.6822
0.1934
0.1897
0.3046
)>> max (v
= ans
0.6822
)>> [mx, i] = max (v

= mx
0.6822
=i
43
MATLAB
4
)>> min (v
= ans
0.1897
)>> [mn, j] = min (v
= mn
0.1897
=j
2
:
)>> A = rand (4, 6
=A
0.3704
0.7271
0.3420
0.8216
0.8537
0.1509
0.7027
0.3093
0.2897
0.6449
0.5936
0.6979
0.5466
0.8385
0.3412
0.8180
0.4966
0.3784
0.4449
0.5681
0.5341
0.6602
0.8998
0.8600
0.7027
0.8385
0.5341
0.8216
)>> [mx, r] = max (A

= mx
0.8998
0.8600
=r
:
) (
;)'>> max (A
)>> [mn, r] = min (A
= mn
0.3704
0.3093
0.2897
0.6449
0.4966
0.1509
=r
44
MATLAB
:
) ( ;)'>> min (A
. :
)>> mmx = max (mx
= mmx
0.8998
))>> [mmx, i] = max (A (:
= mmx
0.8998
=i
8
: :
;))>> z = max (max (A
;))>> z = min (min (A
: .sum
;))>> z = sum (sum (A

,MATLAB
, ,
:
]9
6; 7
3; 4
>> A = [1
=A
45
MATLAB
up-down
)>> flipud (A
= ans
9
left-right
)>> fliplr (A
= ans
1
)(upper
)>> triu (A
= ans
3
)(lower
)>> tril (A
= ans
0
)(
;)>> g = det (A
)(
;)>> h = inv (A
;)>> i = eig (A
)>> j = eye (3
=j
46
MATLAB
;)>> trace (A

,
MATLAB length size numel :
]8
4; 5
>> A = [1
=A
)>> S = size (A
=S
4
) (2 )
.(4
)>> [r, c] = size (A
=r
2
=c
4
)>> r = size (A, 1
=r
2
)>> c = size (A, 2
=c
4
47
MATLAB
numel
:
)>> numel (A
= ans
8
length ,
:
)>> length (A
= ans
4
>> B = -3: 3
=B
3
-1
-2
-3
)>> length (B
= ans
7
A
))>> min (size (A

= ans
2
: .
;]4
;]x .^ 4
48
2; 3
>> x = [1
x .^ 2; x .^ 3
>> y = [x
MATLAB

. MATLAB ) )n-D
arrays
. , ) ,(pages
,
,
.
,
.

, :
)>> A = zeros (4, 3, 2
= )A (:, :, 1
0
49
MATLAB
= )A (:, :, 2
,
.
:
;)>> B (:, :, 1) = zeros (2, 3
;)>> B (:, :, 2) = ones (2, 3
;>> B (:, :, 3) = 4
>> B
= )B (:, :, 1
0
= )B (:, :, 2
= )B (:, :, 3
reshape
:
])>> C = [B (:, :, 1), B (:, :, 2), B (:, :, 3
50
MATLAB
=C
4
)>> reshape (C, 2, 3, 3

= )ans (:, :, 1
0
= )ans (:, :, 2
= )ans (:, :, 3

size .
)>> [r, c, p] = size (C
=r
2
=c
3
=p
3
,
ndims :
)>> ndims (C
= ans
3
51
MATLAB
)>> numel (C
= ans
18
))>> length (size (C

= ans
3
Cell Arrays
MATLAB
,
.
,
) ) ((

, .

, cell .
.
, } { ,
MATLAB ,
:
;}]9
8
52
6; 7
3; 4
>> A (1, 1) = {[1
MATLAB
;}>> A (1, 2) = {2 + 3i
;}'>> A (2, 1) = {'Ali Ahmed
;}>> A (2, 2) = {12: -2: 0
>> A
=A
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
][3 3 double
][1 7 double
''Ali Ahmed
MATLAB 2 2
,
,

.
) cell
, (indexing .
:
}A (i, j) = {x
x
A {i, j} = x
MATLAB
)(i, j .A
) A (i, j ) , (cell indexing }A {i, j

) (content addressing } {
, ) ( .
:
}>> y = {1, 'hello', 1 > 5
=y
]'hello' [0
][1
}>> y {1
= ans
1
53
MATLAB
>> y {2}
ans =
hello
>> y {3}
ans =
0
:
>> ce = {[1
3; 5
7], 'yes', 3 > 2};
>> ce {1}(2, 2)
ans =
6
:
>> x = rand (3, 3);
>> y = rand (3, 3);
>> z = rand (3, 3);
>> w {1} = x;
>> w {2} = y;
>> w {3} = z;
>> w
ans =
[3 3 double]
[3 3 double]
[3 3 double]
:
>> x {1} = rand (3, 3);

>> x {2} = rand (3, 3);
>> x {3} = rand (3, 3);
.
.
54
MATLAB
.
.
.
;)>> x {9} = rand (3, 3
}>> x {1
= ans
0.6813
0.6721
0.8462
0.3795
0.8381
0.5252
0.8318
0.0196
0.2026
)(
)<< x {1} (2, 2
= ans
0.8381
: .
;)>> L = length (x
;>> sum1 = 0
>> for i = 1: L
;}b = x {i
;sum1 = sum1 + b
;end
celldisp MATLAB
, :
)>> celldisp (A
= )A (1, 1
55
MATLAB
= )A (2, 1
Ali Ahmed
= )A (1, 2
2.0000 + 3.0000i
= )A (2, 2
0
10
12

,

,:
}>> A {2, 2
= ans
0
10
12
)>> A (2, 2
= ans
][1 7 double
)>> A (1, :
= ans
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
][3 3 double
,ans
.
,
,
: .
}2], 'John Smith'; 2 + 3i, 5
>> B = {[1
=B
56
MATLAB
''John Smith
][1 2 double
][5
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

,
, cell ] [
:
)>> C = cell (2, 3
=C
][
][
][
][
][
][

, :
'>> C (1, 1) = 'The does n't work
Error
,
,
.
}'>> C (1, 1) = {'The does n't work
=C
] [ ] [ ''The does n't work
][
][
][
}'>> C (2, 3) = {'This works too

=C
][
''This works too
57
][
''This does work
][
][
MATLAB
,
MATLAB .
, .

, , :
>> A
=A
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
][3 3 double
][1 7 double
''Ali Ahmed
>> B
=B
''John Smith
][1 2 double
][5
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
) (
]>> C = [A; B
=C
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
][3 3 double
][1 7 double
''Ali Ahmed
''John Smith
][1 2 double
][5
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

:
)>> D = C ([1 3], :
=D
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
58
][3 3 double
MATLAB
][1 2 double
''John Smith
.
] [ = )>> C (3, :
=C
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
][3 3 double
][1 7 double
''Ali Ahmed
][5
][2.0000 + 3.0000i
reshape ,
, :
;)>> x = cells (3, 4
)>> size (x
= ans
4
;)>> y = reshape (x, 6, 2

)>> size (y
= ans
2
reshape ,
size .
repmat
.
:
>> y
=y
59
][
][
][
][
][
][
MATLAB
][
][
][
][
][
][
)>> z = repmat (y, 1, 3

=z
][
][
][ ][
][
][
][
][
][ ][
][
][
][
][
][ ][
][
][
][
][
][ ][
][
][
][
][
][ ][
][
][
][
][
][ ][
][
][

MATLAB ,

.

MATLAB
ASCII ,
:
'?>> t = 'How about this character string
60
MATLAB
=t
?How about this character string
)>> size (t
= ans
32

Class
1
>> whos
Bytes
Size
Name
double array
16
1 2
ans
character array
64
1 32
Grand total is 34 elements using 80 bytes

.
, ,
8
. ASCII
,double
:
)>> u = double (t
=u
Columns 1 through 12
104
116
32
116
111 117
97 98
32
111 119
72
114
116 101
99
97
99 104 97 114
32
105 115
114 105 110 103 63
116
115
32
)>> char (u
= ans
?How about this character string

61
MATLAB
))>> char (u (1
= ans
H
,
,MATLAB
:
)>> u = t (16: 24
=u
character
, 16 24
character
)>> u = t (24: -1: 16
=u
retcarahc
character .
')>> u = t (16: 24
=u
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
character )(.
62
MATLAB
:
;' >> u = 'Hameed
;'>> v = 'Aiad
]>> w = [u v
=w
Hameed Aiad
disp
:
)>> disp (u
Hameed
) ( ,
,
:
' >> v = ['character strings having more than
''one row must have the same number
!'of columns just like arrays
]'
=v
character string having more than
one row must have the same number
!of columns just like array
char
, :
)'>> legends = char ('Wilt', 'Russel', 'Kareem', 'Bird', 'Magic', 'Jordan
= legends
Wilt
Russel
Kareem
63
MATLAB
Bird
Magic
Jordan
)>> size (legends
= ans
6

. MATLAB
num2str int2str fprintf
, :
)>> int2str (35
= ans
35
)>> class (ans
= ans
char
)>> num2str (3.5
= ans
3.5
)>> class (ans
= ans
char
))>> fprintf ('% 4.3f\n', sqrt (2
1.414
))>> size (fprintf ('% 4.3f\n' , sqrt (2
= ans
64
MATLAB
1
:
>> radius = sqrt (2);

>> area = pi * radius ^ 2;
>> fprintf ('A circle of radius% 6.4f has an area of % 6.4f', radius, area)
A circle of radius 1.4142 has an area of 6.2832
.area radius 6.4f %
:( )
>> S = ['A circle of radius ', (num2str (radius)), 'has an of ', (num2str (area)) '.']
S=
A circle of radius 1.4121 has an area of 6.2832.

>> S = str2num ('3.5')

S=
3.5
>> t = ['3.5'
'sqrt(2)' ;'1.5' '9.5']

t=
3.5 sqrt(2)
1.5
9.5
>> str2num (t)

ans =
3.5000
1.4142
1.5000
9.5000
>> t = '[3.5sqrt(2);1.59.5]'
65
MATLAB
=t
][3.5sqrt(2);1.59.5
)>> str2num (t
= ans
1.4142
3.5000
9.5000
1.5000
findstr .
;'>> b = 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
)'' >> findstr (b,
= ans
37
29
26
19
21
12
)'>> findstr (b, 'p

41
40
38
= ans
30
22
13
)'>> findstr (b, 'cow

= ans
][

,
,
,
, .

, :
}'?>> C = {'How'; 'about'; 'this for a'; 'cell array of strings
=C
66
MATLAB
''How
''about
''this for a
'?'cell array of strings
)>> size (C
= ans
4
} { ,
, C
,
.
, :
)>> C (2: 3
= ans
''about
''this for a
)]1
>> C ([4
= ans

''this for a
''about
''How
)>> C (1
= ans
''How
))>> size (C (1
= ans
67
MATLAB
, )C (indices
.
:

}>> S = C {4
=S
?cell array of strings
)>> size (s
= ans
1 22
:
)>> C {4} (1: 10
= ans
cell array
char ,
:
)>> S = char (C
=S
How
about
this for a
?cell array of strings
)>> size (S
= ans
22
cellstr
:
68
MATLAB
)>> cellstr (S
= ans
''How
''about
''this for a

:
69
MATLAB
:input -1
:(1)
>> x = input ('enter x: ')
enter x:
. :(2)
n = input ('enter n:');
m = input ('enter m:');
for i = 1: n
for j = 1: m
result (i, j) = i ^ j;
end;
end;
. :(3)
clc;
clear;
z = input ('enter name', 's');

string
:( )
-2
:
prompt = {'enter x'};

def = {'20'};
dlgTitle = 'Input for my program';
lineNo = 1;
answer = inputdlg (prompt, dlgTitle, lineNo, def);

x = str2num (answer% num string

;{1})
70
MATLAB

:
-1 :disp
):(1
;>> d = 15
;)>> disp (d
15
):(2
;'>> a = 'ali
;)>> disp (a
ali
):(3
;>> sum = 9.8
;)])>> disp (['sum = ', num2str (sum
sum = 9.8
):(4
;)'>> disp ('computer
computer
):(1
disp
) (.
):(2
71
MATLAB
disp
) ] [ ) ).(((3
-2 :msgbox
)'>> msgbox ('ok', 'result
)
(
) (3 :fprintf
):(1
;>> y = 1.2
;>> x = 100.5
;)>> fprintf ('variable x is % 6.3f\n', x
;)>> fprintf ('variable y is % 6.3f\n', y
variable x is 1.200
variable y is 100.500
6 3 .
):(2
;))>> fprintf ('% 8.3f\n', round (3.8
4.000
):(1
:

72
c%
d%
MATLAB
e%
f%
i%
o%
s%
x%
):(2

.Command Window

MATLAB
,
).(True/False
73
MATLAB
MATLAB
True ,False

True .False
,

.
) ( Relational Operators :

:

>
>=
<
<=
==
=~

)
=(

,

,
:
):(1
;>> a = 1; b = 5
>> x = a > b
=x
0
74
MATLAB
>> A = 1: 9, B = 9 - A
=A
9
4 5
0 1
=B
>> tf = A > 4
= tf
1
A ,4
,A 4 1 .A > 4
)>> tf = (A == B
= tf
0
A .B
:
)=( )==( , )==(
,
)=( .
) :(1 ) (thr
) .(thr
;]2
17
22
>> inddent = [10

;>> thr = 7
)>> y = (indent > thr

=y
0
1 0
) :(2 ) (thr
) .(thr
75
MATLAB
)>> z = inddent .* (inddent > thr

=z
0
17
22
10
) (:Logical Operators
,
MATLAB:

&
|
~
:
) AND(
)(
OR
)(
NOT
;>> a = 1
;>> b = 5
>> x = a ~= b
=x
1
)>> b = (1 == 1) & (2 ~= 3
=b
1
)>> b = (1==1) | (2 ~= 3
=b
1
))>> b = (1==1) & not ((2 ~= 3
=b
0
;>> A = 1: 9; B = 9 - A
76
MATLAB
>> tf = A > 4
= tf
1
A 4
)>> tf = ~ (A > 4
= tf
0
, .
)>> tf = (A > 2) & (A < 6
= tf
0
A 2 .
6

MATLAB
,
,
.
.MATLAB
) (
)'( , )^(.^ ,
)~(
) * ,(.* , )(./ /
) ,(+ )(-
)(:
)>( , )>=( ,
)<(,
)<=( ,
77
)==(, )=~(
)&( AND
)|( OR
MATLAB
IF-ELSE-END

. MATLAB if-else-end
:
if expression
)(commands
end
) (commands if end
) (expression .true :
;>> x = 10
>> if x == 10
)'disp ('ok
;end
, if-else-end :
if expression
)(commands evaluated if True
78
MATLAB
else
(commands evaluated if False)
end
expression
.false expression true
: if-else-end ,
if expression1
(commands evaluated if expression1 is true)
elseif expression2
elseif expression3
elseif expression4
.
.
.
else
(commands evaluated if no other expression is true)
end
:
:(1)
>> x = 10;
>> if x == 10
msgbox ('ok', 'result');
:(2)
>> if x == 10
79
MATLAB
msgbox ('ok', 'result');

else
msgbox ('no', 'result');
end;
:(3)
>> x = 11;
>> if x == 1
disp ('1');
elseif x == 2
disp ('2');
else
disp ('3');
end;
SWITCH-CASE

: switch-case ,
switch expression
case test-expression1
(commands1)
case test-expression2
(commands2)
otherwise
(commands3)
end
80
MATLAB
expression .
expression test-expression1
case . , )(commands1
.end ,
, expression
test-exoression2 case . ,
((commands2 .end
case ,expression ((commands3
.otherwise
switch-case
switch-case :
):(1
;x = 1
switch x
}case {1, 2, 3, 4, 5
;)'disp ('1..5
}case {9, 10
;)'disp ('9..10
otherwise
;)'disp ('this is impossible
;end
5..1
):(2
;clc
;clear
;n = 3
switch n
81
MATLAB
case {0}
m = n + 3;
case {2}
m = 'ali';
case {3}
m = magic (n);
otherwise
disp ('error');
end;
disp (m);
2
:(3)
x = 2.7;
units = 'm';
switch units
case {'inch', 'in'}
y = x * 2.54;
case {'meter', 'm'}
y = x / 100;
case {'feed', 'ft'}
y = x * 2.54 / 12;
case {'millimeter', 'mm'}
y = x * 10;
case {'centimeter', 'cm'}
82
MATLAB
;y = x
otherwise
;)]units
'disp (['Unknown Units:

;end
y = 0.027

MATLAB :
for
83
MATLAB
for
, for :
for i = x1: x3: x2
)(commands
;end
) (commands for end
x1 x2 .x3 :
:
>> for n = 1: 10
;)x (n) = sin (n * pi / 10
;end
>> x
=x
Columns 1 through 7
0.9511 0.8090
0.8090
0.9511 1.0000
0.3090
0.5878
0.0000
0.5878
0.3090
:
n 1 10
end , n ,n = 1
n = 2 .n = 10
: 10 ).(10..1
)>> array = randperm (10
= array
5
10
>> for n = array

;)x (n) = sin (n * pi / 10
84
MATLAB
;end
>> x
=x
Columns 1 through 7
0.9511 0.8090
0.9511 1.0000
0.5878
0.8090
0.3090
0.3090
0.0000
0.5878
n ) (1 ) (10 .array
:
for , :
>> for n =1: 5
for m = 5: -1: 1
;A (n, m) = n ^ 2 + m ^ 2
;end
;)disp (n
;end
1
2
3
4
5
>> A
=A
85
26
17
10
29
20
13
MATLAB
10 13 18
25
34
17 20 25
32
41
26 29 34
41
51
:
>> for i = 1: 10
disp (i);
end;
1
2
3
.
.
10
>> for i = 0: 2: 10
end;
disp (i);
0
2
4
6
8
10
>> for i = 10: -2: 1

disp (i);
end;
10
86
MATLAB
8
6
4
2
>> for i =1: 10
for j = 1: 10
) (
;mult (i, j) = i * j
;end
10
20
9
18
10 12 14 16
24
27 30
4
8
12 15 18 21
32
3 6 40
;end
3
12 16 20 24 28
90 100
80
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
WHILE
while
for ,
while :
while expression
)(commands
;end
) (commands while end
expression ) ,(true
expression .
):(1
87
MATLAB
;>> x = 1
>> while x < 25
;)disp (x
x=x+
;1
;end
1
2
3
.
.
24
):(2
;>> num = 0; EPS = 1
>> while (1 + EPS) > 1
;EPS = EPS / 2
;num = num + 1
;end
>> num
= num
53
:
for while:
) for (while
;s = 0
;s = 0
;x = 1
for i = 1: 100
while x < 100
;s = s + i
;s = s + x
if s > 250
88
MATLAB
;break
if s > 250
;end
;break
;end
;end
;x = x + 5
;end
x = 51
i = 22
s = 286
s = 253
:
break
.
MATLAB
,MATLAB
,MATLAB save :
>> save
89
MATLAB
) (Workspace
matlab.mat .
, ,MATLAB
, , MAT-files
,
, MATLAB
.
save :
var3
var2
var1
>> save
var1 var2 var3 ,matlab.mat

save :
var3
var2
var1
filename
>> save
: var1, var2, var3

.filename.mat
load save
save :
>> load

matlab.mat
.MATLAB
matlab.mat ,
.
) (MAT-file
:
>> load filename var1, var2, var3
filename.mat var1, var2, var3
.
90
MATLAB
91
MATLAB

MATLAB
,
, :
;)>> a = rand (2, 5
;)>> b = rand (2, 5
)>> isequal (a, b
= ans
0
)>> isequal (a, a
= ans
1
unique
:
]>> a = [2: 2: 8; 4: 2: 10
=a
8
10
)>> unique (a
= ans
2
4
6
8
10

ismember :
>> a = 1: 9
92
MATLAB
=a
9
>> b = 2: 2: 9
=b
6
)>> ismember (a, b

= ans
0
)>> ismember (b, a

= ans
1
union .
)>> union (a, b
= ans
9
intersect .
)>> intersect (a, b
= ans
8
setdiff .
)>> setdiff (a, b
= ans
9
:
.

93
MATLAB
,
.
)>> bitand (3, 4
= ans
0
)>> bitor (3, 4
= ans
7
)>> bitxor (13, 27
= ans
22
20
)>> bitcmp (20, 5

= ans
11
30 1
)>> bitset (30, 1

= ans
30
31
)>> bitget (30, 1

= ans
)(
0
)>> bitshift (3, 2
= ans
12
)(
)>> bitshift (12, -2

= ans
3
;]9
94
4 ; 3
>> z = [7
MATLAB
)>> circshift (z, 1

= ans
9

MATLAB

bin2dec,dec2bin :
)>> a = dec2bin (17
= ans
10001
)>> class (a
= ans
char
)>> bin2dec (a
= ans
17
)>> class (ans
= ans
double
)>> dec2bin (17, 6
= ans
01001
)
(16 hex2dec dec2hex :
)>> a = dec2hex (2047
=a
95
MATLAB
7FF
)>> dec2hex (2047, 4
= ans
07FF
)>> class (a
= ans
char
)>> hex2dec (a
= ans
2047
)>> class (ans
= ans
double

.MATLAB :
96
MATLAB
[out1, out2,, outn] = function_name (input1, input2,...,inputn);

:
:(1)
>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8];

>> y = [11, 12, 13, 2, 9, 70];
>> avgx = average1 (x);
>> avgy = average1 (y);

function result = average1 (z);
L = length (z);
sum1 = sum (z);

()
result = sum1 / L;
>> avgx
avgx =
4.5000
>> avgy
avgy =
19.5000
>> res1 = mult2 (x);

>> res2 = mult2 (y);
:(2)
97
MATLAB
function result = mult2 (x);
result = 2 * x;
()
>> res1
res1 =
2
10
12
14
16
>> res2
res2 =
22
24
26
18
140
:(3)
>> [sin_x, cos_x, x_2] = multf (x);
>> [sin_y, cos_y, y_2] = multf (y);
function [x1, x2, x3] = multf (x);

x1 = sin (x);
x2 = cos (x);
()
x3 = 2 * x;
>> plot (sin_x)
98
MATLAB
:
-1
.
-2 )=(
.
:
;)function y = myfunction (a, b
------------------ myfunction.m
-3 ).(end
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .

MATLAB
,
, .
plot
99
MATLAB
.
):(1
;]x = [1: 0.5: 10
) y( );y = exp (x

x, y
)plot (x, y
):(2
;x = 1: 10
)plot (x
:
) ( plot
) (x, x .
):(3
;] [ = y
for i = 1: 10
;)y (i) = exp (i
;end
;)plot (y
):(4
;] [ = y
for i = 1: 10
;])y = [y exp (i
;end
;)plot (y
):(5
(graph).
;clc
;clear
100
MATLAB
x = 0: pi / 100: 2 * pi;
y = sin (x);
plot (x, y);
legend ('sin (x)');
xlabel ('x = 0: 2: pi');
ylabel ('sin (x) cos (x)');
title ('plot sin cos function');
( )
:(6)
plot (x, sin (x), x, cos (x));
101
MATLAB
):(7
;)'* plot (x, sin (x), 'r: +', x, cos (x), 'b:
) cos (x )sin (x

:
:
;)'text (x, y, 'string
plot3
plot ,plot3
plot .
:
;)plot3 (x1, y1, z1, s1, x2, y2, z2, s2,
102
) (
MATLAB
:
;)t = linspace (0, 10 * pi, 100
;)plot3 (sin (t), cos (t), t
;)')xlabel ('sin (t
;)')ylabel ('cos (t
;)'zlabel ('t
;)'text (0, 0, 0, 'origin

grid on

figure ,
) subplot (m, n, p m*n
p .
, ,
:
:
;)x = linspace (0, 2 * pi, 30
;)y = sin (x
;)z = cos (x
103
MATLAB
a = 2 * sin (x) .* cos (x);

b = sin (x) ./ (cos (x) + eps);
subplot (2, 2, 1);
plot (x, y); axis ([0
2 * pi
-1
1]); title ('Figure1');
2 * pi
-1
2 * pi
-1
subplot (2, 2, 2);

plot (x, z); axis ([0
subplot (2, 2, 3);
plot (x, a); axis ([0
subplot (2, 2, 4);
plot (x, b); axis ([0
2 * pi
-20

: surf ,
:(1)
[x
z] = peaks (30);
surf (x, y, z);

xlabel ('x-axis');
ylabel ('y-axis');
zlabel ('z-axis');
104
MATLAB
):(2
for i = 1: 10
for j =1: 10
;mult (i, j) = i * j
;end
;end
)
)surf (mult
:
:
bar
bar chart
:
;x = -2.9: 0.2: 2.9
;))bar (x, exp (-x .* x
105
MATLAB
hist
histogram
:
x = -2.9: 0.1: 2.9;
y = randn (10000, 1);
hist (y, x);
pie
pie chart
:
x = [1
0.5
explode = [0
2.5
0
2];
0
0];
pie (x, explode);
106
MATLAB
. :
clear;
clc;
corr = [0.0012, 0.0208, 0.0633, 0.1391];
amount = [1, 2, 3, 4];
subplot (211);
plot (amount, corr, '--rs');
title ('Cipher-image VS Amount of Encrypted Data');
xlabel ('Amount of Encrypted Data');

ylabel ('Cipher-image Correlation');
107

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MATLAB

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MATLAB

MATLAB : The MATLAB Programming Language

MATLAB Graphical User

-2 ) (Menu Bar ) (Lists Bar File

) :(4 Command Window

Copy Command Window Paste

-16 MATLAB Exit MATLAB

MATLAB : MATLAB Symbols

18- ,472 ,23+ ,0

18.0- ,472.5 ,51.8 ,0.0 :

MATLAB EN 103 2.0 2.0E3 : 2.0E+3

MATLAB -102 1.7 1.7E2- :

2i , 6 - 9i , 6 + sin (0.5) * j , sqrt (-2) - 1 :

)int8, uint8 (1 byte

)t = abs (x sqrt (y)) / (a + m

Enter Return MATLAB

81 100 121 144

)>> zeros (2, 5

)>> d + zeros (3, 4

)>> repmat (d, 3, 4

]>> A (:, 4) = [4; 4; 4

)>> reshape (B, 2, 3

)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

>> x = abs (B) > 2

)>> [y, indx] = sort (x

)>> [As, idx] = sort (A

)>> k = find (abs (x) > 1

)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

)>> [i, j] = find (A > 6

)>> [mx, i] = max (v

)>> [mx, r] = max (A

))>> min (size (A

)>> reshape (C, 2, 3, 3

))>> length (size (C

>> A (1, 1) = {[1

) A (i, j ) , (cell indexing }A {i, j

7], 'yes', 3 > 2};

>> x {1} = rand (3, 3);

}'>> C (2, 3) = {'This works too

''This does work

;)>> y = reshape (x, 6, 2

)>> z = repmat (y, 1, 3

Grand total is 34 elements using 80 bytes

?How about this character string

>> radius = sqrt (2);

'sqrt(2)' ;'1.5' '9.5']

>> str2num (t)

)'>> findstr (b, 'p

)'>> findstr (b, 'cow

'?'cell array of strings

prompt = {'enter x'};

answer = inputdlg (prompt, dlgTitle, lineNo, def);

>> inddent = [10

)>> y = (indent > thr

)>> z = inddent .* (inddent > thr

msgbox ('ok', 'result');

'disp (['Unknown Units:

>> for n = array

>> for i = 10: -2: 1

while x < 100

var1 var2 var3 ,matlab.mat

: var1, var2, var3

)>> ismember (a, b

)>> ismember (b, a