Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SOLUCIONARIO
A LA M ATEM ATICA
I NTRODUCCI ON
S EMESTRE I/2011
L A PAZB OLIVIA
2011
1
2
1
Por lo tanto:
-2
-5
1
2
5
4
13
8
53
16
5
2
13
4
53
8
85
16
5
13
53
85
C(x) = x4 x3 + x2 x +
2
4
8
16
85
32
75
32
R(x) =
75
32
2. Halle el valor de k de tal manera que al dividir 5x6 4x4 + kx3 (k + 3)x2 3 entre x + 1 tenga resto igual
a 3.
Solucion. Apliquemos el Teorema del Resto al polinomio:
P(x) = 5x6 4x4 + kx3 (k + 3)x2 3
evaluando en x = 1 tenemos,
P(1) = 5(1)6 4(1)4 + k(1)3 (k + 3)(1)2 3
= 5 4 k (k + 3) 3
= 5 2k
Resto
Resto
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
13. Factorizar: 9(x + y)2 27a6 b3 16(x + 2y)2 27a6 b3 + 9(x + y)2 125c3 16(x + 2y)2 125c3
Solucion. Agrupando de forma adecuada, tenemos:
9(x + y)2 27a6 b3 16(x + 2y)2 27a6 b3 + 9(x + y)2 125c3 16(x + 2y)2 125c3
= 9(x + y)2 27a6 b3 + 125c3 16(x + 2y)2 27a6 b3 + 125c3
i
h
= 27a6 b3 + 125c3 9(x + y)2 16(x + 2y)2
h
i
3
3
2
(3x + 3y)2 (4x + 8y)2
= 3a b (5c)
= 3a2 b + 5c 9a4 b2 15a2 bc + 25c2 (3x + 3y + 4x + 8y) (3x + 3y 4x 8y)
= 3a2 b + 5c 9a4 b2 15a2 bc + 25c2 (7x + 11y) (x 5y)
= 3a2 b + 5c 9a4 b2 15a2 bc + 25c2 (7x + 11y) (x + 5y)
1
125 6 3
14. Factorizar: (a 3b)2 (7a + 7b)2 225y6 z3 (a 3b)2 +
y z (3a + 7b)2
4
4
Solucion. Agrupando de forma adecuada, tenemos:
1
125 6 3
y z (3a + 7b)2
(a 3b)2 (7a + 7b)2 225y6 z3 (a 3b)2 +
4
4
1
= (a 3b)2 1 125y6 z3 (3a + 7b)2 1 125y6 z3
4
1
6 3
2
2
= 1 125y z
(a 3b) (3a + 7b)
4
"
2 #
3
7
3
a+ b
= 13 5y2 z
(a 3b)2
2
2
3
7
3
7
= 1 5y2 z 1 + 5y2 z + 25y4 z2
a 3b + a + b
a 3b a b
2
2
2
2
5
1
1
13
a+ b
a b
= 1 5y2 z 1 + 5y2 z + 25y4 z2
2
2
2
2
5
1
1
13
2
2
4 2
= 5y z 1 1 + 5y z + 25y z
a+ b
a+ b
2
2
2
2
15. Factorizar: 16x2 64a6 b6 225(3m n)2 64a6 b6 + 16x2 225(3m n)2
Solucion. Agrupando de forma adecuada, tenemos:
16x2 64a6 b6 225(3m n)2 64a6 b6 + 16x2 225(3m n)2
= 16x2 64a6 b6 + 1 225(3m n)2 64a6 b6 + 1
i
h
6 6
2
2
= 64a b + 1 16x 225(3m n)
i
ih
h
= (2ab)6 + 16 (4x)2 (45m 15n)2
= (2ab + 1) 32a5 b5 16a4 b4 + 8a3 b3 4a2 b2 + 2ab 1 (4x + 45m 15n) (4x 45m + 15n)
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
16. Factorizar: (x + y)2 a3 + b3 x3 b3 + (x + y)2 (a + b) a b
a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 ab + b2 )
a6 b6 = (a b)(a5 a4 b + a3 b2 a2 b3 + ab4 b5 )
17. Factorizar: 16 a3 b3 b
9x3 y 4xy3 + 16a 9x3 y 4xy3
2a 3
4a2 3a 7 a2 + 5a 24
2
2a2 + 13a 24
4a 7
a 2a 3
2a2
2a 3
4a2 3a 7 a2 + 5a 24
2
+ 13a 24
4a 7
a 2a 3
(2a 3)(a + 8)
4a 7
(a 3)(a + 1)
=1
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
a2 + 2ab + 4b2
a2 + 3ab + 2b2
a2 + 2ab + b2
a3 8b3
2a2 5ab + 2b2
2a2 + 3ab 2b2
a2 + 2ab + 4b2
a2 + 3ab + 2b2
a2 + 2ab + b2
a2 + 2ab + 4b2
(a + 2b)(a + b)
(a + b)2
a2 + 2ab + 4b2
(a + 2b)(a + b)
(a 2b)(2a b)
=a+b
20. Simplificar la expresion: A =
1+x
1+y
1+z
+
+
(x y)(x z) (y z)(y x) (z x)(z y)
multiplo
y operando, tenemos:
Solucion. Determinando el mnimo comun
A=
1+x
1+y
1+z
y + z xy + xz z + x yz + yx x + y zx + zy
(x y)(y z)(z x)
0
(x y)(y z)(z x)
=0
21. Simplificar la expresion: A =
p2 qr
pq2 r
pqr2
+
+
(p q)(p r) (q r)(q p) (r p)(r q)
multiplo
p2 qr
pq2 r
pqr2
0
(p q)(q r)(r p)
=0
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
b2
c2
a2
+
+
(a b)(b c) (b c)(c a) (c a)(a b)
multiplo
y operando, tenemos:
Solucion. Determinando el mnimo comun
A=
b2
c2
a2
+
+
(a b)(b c) (b c)(c a) (c a)(a b)
b2 (c a) + c2 (a b) + a2 (b c)
(a b)(b c)(c a)
b2 c b2 a + c2 a c2 b + a2 b a2 c
b2 c + b2 a c2 a + c2 b a2 b + a2 c
b2 c b2 a + c2 a c2 b + a2 b a2 c
= 1
(b2 c b2 a + c2 a c2 b + a2 b a2 c)
2
y
2
23. Simplificar la expresion:
2
ay 2a
y + y 2ay 2a
3y + y2
1+
3+y
multiplo
1+
=
1+
ay 2a2 y2 + y 2ay 2a
3+y
a(y 2a) y(y + 1) 2a(y + 1)
3+y
=
y
2
(1 + y)
a(y 2a) (y + 1)(y 2a)
2
y
a(y 2a) y 2a
y 2a
a(y 2a)
1
a
E = a b c b c a c a b
Solucion. Aplicando adecuadamente las propiedades de exponentes, tenemos:
r q
r q
r q
E = a b c b c a c a b
4
8
= a b8c b4c8a c4a b
4
8
= a b c b4c 4a 8c 8a b
4
8
= abc bca cab
4
8
= u8 u8 u8
= u4 u2 u = u7
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
1 + 6ab
1
3
3
8b a
2b a
1
1
2
3
3
a 8b
a + 2ab + 4b2
multiplo
A= 3
3
a (2b)3 a 2b
a (2b)3 a2 + 2ab + 4b2
6ab + 1
1
1
1
=
+
1 (a 2b)
(6ab + 1) + (a2 + 2ab + 4b2 )
2
2
(a 2b)(a + 2ab + 4b )
(a 2b)(a2 + 2ab + 4b2 )
1 a + 2b
6ab 1 + a2 + 2ab + 4b2
2
2
(a 2b)(a + 2ab + 4b )
(a 2b)(a2 + 2ab + 4b2 )
(a 2b)2 12
a2 4ab + 4b2 1
=
1 a + 2b
1 a + 2b
(a 2b + 1)(a 2b 1)
= (a 2b + 1)
(a 2b 1)
9m
1
26. Simplificar la expresion: A =
(3 m)2
m
12m2 9m
9
+
+ 2
3
m3
27 m
m + 3m + 9
multiplo
+ 2
1
(m 3)2
m3
m3 27
m + 3m + 9
2
m
12m 9m
9
9m
+
1
=
(m 3)2
m 3 (m 3)(m2 + 3m + 9) m2 + 3m + 9
#
"
m m2 + 3m + 9 12m2 9m + 9(m 3)
9m
=
1
(m 3)2
(m 3)(m2 + 3m + 9)
3
m + 3m2 + 9m 12m2 + 9m + 9m 27
9m
1
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)(m2 + 3m + 9)
3
m 9m2 + 27m 27
9m
1
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)(m2 + 3m + 9)
(m 3)3
9m
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)(m2 + 3m + 9)
(m 3)2
9m
1
=
(m 3)2
m2 + 3m + 9
2
m + 3m + 9
9m
1
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)2
m2 + 3m + 9
9m (m2 + 3m + 9)
9m
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)2
(m 3)2
(m 3)2
(m2 6m + 9)
=
= 1
=
(m 3)2
(m 3)2
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
10
x
y
x+y xy
27. Simplificar la expresion: x
y
+
x+y xy
multiplo
(x2 + y2 )
(x + y)(x y)
x+y xy
x 2 y2
x 2 y2
= 1
=
=
=
=
y
x
x(x y) + x(x + y)
x 2 + y2
x2 xy + x2 + xy
x2 + x2
+
x+y xy
(x + y)(x y)
x 2 y2
x 2 y2
s
20 x+1
x
28. Simplificar la expresion:
4 x+2 + 2 2x+2
Solucion. Aplicando adecuadamente las propiedades de exponentes, tenemos:
s
s
s
s
x+1
x+1
x+1
20
20
20
20 x 20 1
x
x
x
x
=
=
=
4 x+2 + 2 2x+2
4 x+2 + 4 x+1
4x 42 + 4x 41
4 x+2 + 2 2(x+1)
s
s
r
x
x
(4 5) x 20
4 x 5 x 20
x 4 5 20
x
x
x
=
=
= 5x = 5
=
x
2
1
x
2
x
4 (4 + 4 )
4 (4 + 4)
4 20
v
u x+ 14 x2
3
u9
x
q
29. Simplificar la expresion: t
1
x
3 3
1
x+ 14
x
u 9x+ 14 3x2
x 32
9
3
3x 31 31
x 9 94
x
u
x
q
=
=
t
1
31 3x
31 3x
3x
3
q
q
1
x
1
1
x
x
x
12
x
2
4
= 9 (3 ) 3 = 9x 3 2 3 2 = 9x 30 = 9x = 9
1
1
+
xy
1+a
1 + ayx
1
ax
1+ y
a
1
1+
ay
ax
1
1
+ x
ay + ax
a + ay
ay
ax
ax
ay
+
ay + ax ay + ax
ay + ax
ay + ax
=1
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
11
x+
x
x2 4x
x2 4x
x
x+
x2 4x
x2 4x
multiplo
2
2
x
+
x
4x
x
4x
x + x2 4x x x2 4x
=
x x2 4x x + x2 4x
x x2 4x x + x2 4x
x2 + 2x x2 4x + x2 4x (x2 2x x2 4x + x2 4x)
=
2
x2
x2 4x
x2 + 2x x2 4x + x2 4x x2 + 2x x2 4x x2 + 4x
=
x2 (x2 4x)
4x x2 4x
= 2
x x2 + 4x
4x x2 4x
=
4x
p
= x2 4x
32. Simplificar la expresion:
n+2+
n+2
n2 4
n2 4
n+2
n+2+
n2 4
n2 4
multiplo
24
24
n
+
2
+
n
n
+
n
+
2
2
2
n+2+ n 4 n+2 n 4
+
=
n + 2 n2 4 n + 2 + n2 4
n + 2 + n2 4 n + 2 n2 4
2
2
(n + 2)2 + 2(n + 2) n2 4 +
n2 4 + (n + 2)2 2(n + 2) n2 4 +
n2 4
=
2
(n + 2)2
n2 4
=
2n2 + 8n + 8 + 2n2 8
n2 + 4n + 4 n2 + 4
4n2 + 8n
4n + 8
4n(n + 2)
4(n + 2)
=n
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.
12
r
1+a
1a
+
a1
1+a
r
33. Simplificar la expresion: r
1+a
1a
a1
1+a
r
multiplo
r
r
1+a
1a
1+a
1a
+
+
1a
1+a
1a
1+a
r
r
=
1+a
1a
1+a
1a
1a
1+a
1a
1+a
1+a 1+a+ 1a 1a
1a 1+a
=
1+a 1+a 1a 1a
1a 1+a
p
p
(1 + a)(1 + a) + (1 a)(1 a)
p
(1 a)(1 + a)
p
= p
(1 + a)(1 + a) (1 a)(1 a)
p
(1 a)(1 + a)
p
p
(1 + a)2 + (1 a)2
1 p
a2
= p
(1 + a)2 (1 a)2
1 a2
(1 + a) + (1 a)
1 a2
=
(1 + a) (1 a)
1 a2
1+a+1a
1 a2
=
1+a1+a
1 a2
2
2
2 1 a2
1
1
a
=
=
=
2a
a
2a 1 a2
2
1a
Galileo (1564-1642)
U.M.S.A. F.C.P.N.