Đồ Án Kỹ Thuật MIMO-OfDM, Luận Văn Tốt Nghiệp Đại Học, Thạc Sĩ, Đồ Án,Tiểu Luận Tốt Nghiệp

MUC LUC. MUC LUC. THUAT NGW VIET TAT. HVE. DANH MYC LOLNOI DAU, Chuong 1 TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. 1.1. Gidi thigu. 1.2. So luge v8 lich sir phat trién trong thong tin di dng 1.2.1. Gi6i thigu chung. 1.222 Nhang tn t kkhé kin v8 KP thugt trong tinh vy thong tin di dng... 3 4 1.3. Moi trudng v6 tuyén trong thong tin di dong. 1.3.1, M&O DIEM Osos 1.3.1.1, Mé hinh fading Rayleigh. 5 1.3.1.2. M6 hinh fading Rician. 6 1.3.1.3, Thing Ké cia fadiNg..nsnrensnnnmnnnsnnnnnennnnsnnene 7 1.3.2, Suy hao during truyén. 1.3.3. Trai tré trong hign trgng da during... 1s 4. Tap Am tring Gauss 1.3.5. Hign turgng Doppler. 1.4, Téng quan vé ky thujt MIMO-OFDM. 1.4.1, Dinh nghta vit kha 1.42, K§ thujt MIMO-OFDM, 1.5. Két ludin chwomg. ners DO AN TOT NGHIEP.MUC LUC. Chuong 2, KY THUAT OFDM 2.2, Khai nigm chung. ws 2.2.1. Hé théng don séng mang... 2.2.2. HG théng da song mang. 2 3. Tin higu trye giao. 2.3, Sodb he thong OFDM bang eo sé. 2.4. Co sé todin hg 2.4.1. Trye giao. 2.4.2, IFFT/FFT, 2.5, Cae k¥ thudt eo ban trong OFDM. w.. 2.5.1. So dd digu ché/ 2.8.2. Mi hod kénh. digu ché... 2.5.3. Sip xép. 2.5.4. K¥ thugt IFFT/FFT trong OFDM.. 2.5.5. Tién t6 lap CP. 2.5.6. Ube lrgng kénh. 2.5.6.1. Khai nig. 28 2.5.6.2. Ude lung kénh trong min tin sb. 31 2.5.63. Use lug kénh trong mign thei gian 31 2.6. So sinh d@ phire tap giia ky thuat OFDM voi diéu ché don song mang....33 wneeeee 3S 2.7. Két Ingn chon; eeeennnnee dO Chuong 3... KY THUAT MIMO. 3.1. Gidi thigu. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.MUC LUC. 3.1.1. Uu diém cia ky thujt MIMO.. 3.1.2. Khuyét diém ciia hg théng MIMO. 3.2. Dung Iugng kénh truyén cua hg théng MIMO. 3.3. So luge phan tap. 1. Phan tip thai gian. 2, Phan tip tin s6. 3.3.4.1, BO 16 hp theo kiéu quét va Iya chon (SC), 40 3.3.4.2. B6 16 hop cing d6 Igi (EGC), 41 3.3.4.3. BO 16 hop viii ti sé ti da (MRO). 42 3.4.1. Mi héa kh6i khOng gian thoi gian (Space time block Codes) BALL, MA h6a AlAMOULi. an ssnsnssnnnennntssnnennnaee on 3.4.1.2 Orthogonal STBC Tarokh cho s6 anten phit bat kY...nsesnnneneT 3.5. Két Iudn chon; Chuong 4. KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. 4.1. Giéi thigu 4.2. Mo ta 4.2.1. MIMO-OFDM Tx. 4.2.2. MIMO_OFDM Rx. 4.2.3. Cu trite cita khung (frame) ciia hg théng MIMO-OF DML sneseneS3 éng MIMO_OFDM. wz quan veh erennnnnneeS2 4.3, Phin tich hg théng MIMO-OFDM. wn 4.3.1. Mé hinh hé théng MIMO-OFDM. 4.3.2. Space-Time Block-Coded OFDM. 43.2.1, Hg théng STBC-OFDM. 55 DO AN TOT NGHIEP.MUC LUC. 4.3.2.2. BO phat STBC-OFDM. 56 4.3.2.3. BO thu STBC-OFDM. 4.4. Két lun churon dung mo phon; 5.2. Cite thong sb mo phony 5.2.1. Hg théng OFDM 5.2.2. HG théng MIMO-OFDM, wssnninnrnnnnnnnnsnnannnens62 5.2.3. Thong 86 kémh truyen. saccsrseessee 5.3. Luu do vit so dé thugt toan ciia chuong trink mé phong.. eves63 1. Truyén tim higesscssssessemeesese 5.3.2. Kénh truya 5.3.3. Nhdin tin hig 5.3.4, Thugt ton tinh BER... 5.4. K&t qua m6 phong va dimh gid. srr 5.5. Két Ing chong, KET LUAN VA HUONG PHAT TRIEN Dé TA TAL LIEU THAM KHAO. PHY LUC. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.THUAT NGU VIET TAT. AMPS AWGN BER BLAST CDMA EGC FDMA FEC FFT GSM Is.95 18-136 Ist ITU IDFT IFFT THUAT NGO VIET TAT. A Advance Mobile Phone Service Addition White Gaussian Noise B Bit Error Rate Bell labs Layered Space Time © Code Division Multiple Access Cyolic Prefix Carrier Noise Rate Channel State Information D Discrete Fourier Transform gE Equal Gain Combiner E Frequency Division Multiple Access Forward Error Correcting Fast Fourier Transform s Global System For Mobile Communication 1 Interim Standard 95 Interim Standard 136 InterSymbol Interference International Telecom Union Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Inverse Fast Fourier Transform DO AN TOT NGHIEP.THUAT NGU VIET TAT. Ic Ms MIMO MMSE MRC ML NMT450 NIT OFDM. ppc Psk PAPR PSAM PLL pat QAM InterChannel Interference M Mobile Station Multi Input Multi Output Minimum Mean Square Error Maximum Ratio Combiner Maximum Likelihood N Nordic Mobile Telephone 450 Nipon Telegraph and Telephone 2 Orthogonal Frequeney Division Multiplexing zB Personal Digital Cell Phase Shift Keying Peak to Average Power Ratio Pilot Signal Assisted Modulation Phase Lock Loop Power Density Function Q Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Rg Reed-Solomon code Ss Selection Combiner Space Time Coding Space Time Block Coding Space Time Trellis Coding, Signal to Noise Ratio DO AN TOT NGHIEP.THUAT NGU VIET TAT. TACS TDMA Tc WCDMA WIFI WIMAX I Total Access Communication System Time Division Multiple Access ‘Turbo convolutional code Ww Wideband CDMA Wireless Fidelity ‘World Interoperability Microwave Access DO AN TOT NGHIEP.DANH MUC HiNH VE. DANH MUC HINH VE. Hinh 1.1: Ham pdf theo phan bé Rayleigh. Hin 1.2: Ham pdf Rician v6i nhieng gid tr] khée nhau cita K. Hinh 1.3: M6 hinh hign argng Doppler. Hink 1.4: Mé hink tong quét hé thing MIMO-OFDM, Hinh 2.1: So dé chung ciia hg théng don sing mang. Hink 2.2: Sa dé h¢ thing da sng mang. Hink 2.30: Bén song mang tne glao nha. Hinh 2.36: Pho cia 4 sing mang tre giao... Hinh 2.4a: Kj thugt da song mang. Hinh 2.4b: Kj thudt ghép kénh phiin chia theo tn sé truc giao. Hinh 2.5: So do hé thing OFDM. Hinh 2.6: Chitm tin higu M_QAM. Hinh 2.7: Tin tb lip (CP) trong OFDM. Hinh 2.8: Bép sing xung ciia kénh truyén trong moi trcimg truyén da dicéng. 28 Hinh 2.9: Tin higu Pilot trong mién thoi gian va Hinh 2.10: Tin higu pilot trong mién tan sé Hin 3. M6 hink mgt hg thong MIMO tiéu biéw. Hinh 3.2: M6 hinh phan tip khéng gar, sso Hinh 3. 5: Mo hink bp 16 hop kiéu hea chon. Hinh 3.4: BG 16 hop kiéu quer Hinh 3.5: Phuong phip két hyp ti sb eye dgi.. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.DANH MUC HiNH VE. Hinh 3. 52 Pharog php tis eye dei véi ITs vd 2Rx. Hinh 3.7: So dé ma hod Alamouti. Hinh 3.8: So do giai ma cia hé thing STBC... Hinh 4.1: So dé phit va thu cia h@ théng MIMO-OFDM. wu Hink 4.2: So dé khdi cita b6 phat cia hg théng MIMO_OFDM. Hinh 4.3: So dé khéi ctia 66 thu cia hg théng MIMO_OFDM. Hinh 4.4: Cw trie khung dit ligu MIMO-OFDM. Hinh 4.5: MO hinh hg thing STBC-OFDM 2x2. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.LOL NOI DAU. LOINOI DAU. Mang thong tin di dong c6 nhimg wu diém ma mang c6 day khong e6 doe hu: tinh Inu dng, nhig noi cé dia hinh phite tap, trong khong gian..v..v. Vi vay con ngudi khong ngimg nghién ciru dé 2G len 2,5G; 3G; 4G; xay dumg céc mé hinh mang WIFI, WIMAX. Song song véi timg thé hé la céc giai phép mai duge diva ra nhu: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDM, MIMO. ..MBi gidi phép méi duge phat trién theo xu hung sau: ning cao tbe d6 dit ligu, nding cao chat long tin i tién mang di dng time ngiy, tir mang éu 6 nhimg wu diém hon gidi phap ti nhung déu higu, mé rong bang thong, chat lung dich vu Trong d6 OFDM va MIMO 18 hai ky thugt méi nhit dang doe dura vio thir nghigm va tiép tye nghién ciru trong hign tai va tong lai, OFDM 1a ky thuat ghép kénh phan chia theo tin s6 tre giao, MIMO la kj thuft sit dyng nhiéu anten 48 truyén va nh§n dit ligu, OFDM thi da duge dura vio ting dung trong thyc té nb truyén finn 96, phét thanh s6, truyén hink ve tinh va di dem Iai nhimg higu qua dang ké. Con MIMO 1a mot ky thudt méi nén vin con dang trong qué trinh thir nghigm va nghién cima, ‘Tuy nhién, hign nay ngwii ta da két hep hai KY thugt MIMO va OFDM vio m@t sé mé hinh nhu la WiMax, VoWifi trong céc tiéu chun 802.16, 802.11n, 3 dem lai cae két qua cao trong thre té Noi dung d6 én nay trinh bay tng quan vé hé théng MIMO-OFDM, trong 6 sé tap {rung vo m0 hinh STBC-OFDM. Noi dung dé an chia lim 5 chuong: Chuong 1: Téng quan vé ky thut MIMO-OFDM va hé théng thong tin di dong Chuong 2: Ky thugt OFDM. Chuong 3: Ky thugt MIMO. (Chuomg 4: K¥ thugt MIMO-OFDM. ‘Chuong 5: Mé phong hé théng MIMO-OFDM va dainh gid chat lugng hé théng. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.LOL NOI DAU. Dé danh gid chdt long cia céc hé théng, trong dé én da di sdu phan tich ting thanh phin cua ede ky thugt, tng hop ede It thuyét va eée bai béo edo khoa hoe vé dé tai lién quan, Saw cing la thye hign md phong véi cic thong s6 v8 he théng, moi trudng uyén gin thy t8 ah 80 sinh chat lrong gilta cdc hé théng. rong qué trinh lam 43 én, mae di da rit e6 ging nhung cfing khong thé trdnh duge sai s6t, em mong nhan duge sy chi dan eta cde thay 6. Em xin chan thanh cim on thay Dao Minh Humg, ngudi try tigp hudng din em hoan thinh dé tai nay. Xin git loi cdm on dén thay c6 trong koa, anh chi kha trén, ban bé da h3 trg tai ligu, dng vién dé em thye hién tét dé an nay. Sinh vign thye hign ‘Téng Xuan Nghia DO AN TOT NGHIEP.Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. Chuong 1 TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. 1.1. Gisi thigu. Chuong nay gidi thigu khéi quit vé ky thugt MIMO-OFDM va thong tin di dong. 1.2. So luge vé lich sir phat trién trong thong tin di dong. 1.2.1. Gidi thigu chung. ‘Thong tin di dong thé he thir nhét duege phat trién vao nhong nam cudi thap nién 70, sit dung cong nghé da try cép phin chia theo tin sb FDMA (Frequency Division Multiplex Access). Dién hinh cho thé hé nay 1a mot sé hé théng nhu: AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service): Dich vy dign thogi di dong tién ign, ‘TACS (Total Access Communication System): Hé théng théng tin tray nhap toan bo. NMT 450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone 450): Hé thong dign thoai di dng Bic Au bang tin 450 Mhz, NMT 900: Fé théng dign thoai di ding Bic Au bang tin 900Mhz. NTT (Nipon Telegraph and Telephone): Do Nhat Ban nghién etru va sir dung. ‘M6t s6 diac diém cita thé hé nay la: dung hugng thap, s6 lugng dich vy khong nhidu, chat lugng kém, chi cung cép dich vy thogi ‘Thong tin di dng thé hé 2 sir dung kj thuat s6 vai ede céng nghé da truy cp phan chia theo thai gian TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) va phan chia theo ma CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Hai thong sé quan trong die tung, cho cfc hé théng théng tin di dong sé la tc 46 bit thong tin cia ngudi sir dung va tinh di dng, Mét sé hé théng thong tin di dong thé hé hai dién hinh nbur: DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 1Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. GSM (Global System For Mobile Communication): Hé théng théng tin di dong toan clu. 18-95 (Interim Standard 95): Tiéu chun thng tin di dong CDMA cua Mi do Qualcomm dé xuat. 18-136 (Interim Standard 136): Tiéu chudin thong tin di dong TDMA cai tién clia Mido AT&T dé xuait, PDC (Personal Digital Cell ): Hg théng 16 ong ca nhén ctia Nhat Ban, Bily li cde he théng thdng tin di dong bang hep vi we dé bit thong tin cia nguéi str dung la 8-13Kbps. Chiing c6 nhimng phat trién rt manh vao nbing nam 1990. Tuy nhién sé thué bao di dong khéng ngimg ting cng véi nhu edu vé dich vu méi, dic biét la cc dich vu truyén sé ligu, roaming, cde yéu cdu vé chat lugng cube goi ...da ddi hoi cde nha thiét ké phai dita ra cae hé théng thong tin di dong mdi, ‘Trong bdi cainh d6 ITU dua ra dé an tigu chudn héa thong tin di dong thé hé thir ba v6i tén goi IMT-2000 nhiim nang cao t5e d6 tray nhap, mé rng nhigu loai hinh dich vu, dong thai trong thich voi cac hé théng théng tin di dong hign c6 dé dam bao su phat trién lién tue ciia théng tin di déng. Nhiéu tigu chun cho IMT- 2000 da duge dé xuat, trong d6 hai hé thing WCDMA va CDMA-2000 da duoc ITU chép nbn va dura vio hoat dong trong nhiing nim du cia thép ki 2000. Cac hé théng nay déu sit dung cng nghé CDMA. Diéu nay cho phép thye hign tiéu chun toan thé gidi cho giao dign vo tuyén cia hé théng thong tin di dong thé hé ther 3. WCDMA 1a su phat trign tigp theo cita cae hé théng thong tin di dong thé hg thir hai sir dung edng nghé TDMA nhu: GSM, PDC, 18-136. CDMA-2000 sé Ia sr phat trién tiép theo ctia hé théng théng tin di dong thé hé 2 str dung cong nghé CDMA 18-95. Nhung khéng dé dé phat trién tir thé hé hai sang thé hé ba do cc vin dé ky thuat git hai thé hg c6 nhiing diém khéc nhau, Thé giéi cd xu hung qué dé én thé hé 2.5 tude khi trién khai thé hé 3. Cac dich vu mang méi va cai thign cde dich vu DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 2Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. lign quan dén truyén sé ligu nhur nén sé ligu ngudsi sir dung, sé ligu chuyén mach kénh tc d6 cao, dich vu vo tuyén géi da nang va sé ligu 144 Kbps. ‘Thong tin di dong thé hé thir ba 1a thé hé thong tin di dOng cho cae dich vu truyén thong ca nhan da phurong tign. Mot sé yéu cau chung déi vai hé théng thong tin di dong thé hg thir 3: © Mang phai la bang rng va c6 kha nang truyén thong da phuong ign, Nghia la mang phai dim bio duge t6c dé bit cita ngudi sir dung dén 2Mbps. ‘© Mang phai c6 kha nang cung cp 46 rong bang tan theo yéu clu. Digu nay xudt phat tir vige thay déi tc dO bit ciia cde dich vu khdc nhau. Ngoai ra cin dam bao dung truyén v6 tuyén khong déi xting: te dd bit cao 6 dung xudng va tic 46 bit thap 6 during len, + Mang phai cung cp thir gian trayén din theo yéu edu. Neha fi pha am bio céc két ndi chuyén mach cho thogi, cfc dich vy video va céc kha ning sb héa cdc dich vu sé ligu. © Chit hrgng dich vy phai khéng thua kém chit lugng dich vy mang ob inh nhat la déi véi thoai. ‘+ Mang phai e6 kha nang sir dung toan clu, nghia ka bao gém a thong tin ve tinh, Dé dat duge nhamg yéu clu nay phii ké én nhimng kj thuat da gop phin gii quyét nhong vin 42 d6 trong Tinh vie thong tin di dng: sy han ché vé dung lxgng 1g thing, be 49 tayén do Higa cia ng ding, chéthugmg dich vy, tdi tho ota pin trong cae thit bi di dong. 1.2.2. Nhimng tn tgi kh6 khiin vé kf thugt trong fin vye théng tin di dong. Dung lugng trong cfc hé théng thong tin di dng thé hé 1 va 2 bi han ché nhigu do sir dung cic ky thudt da tray cép FDMA, TDMA hoie CDMA. Cie ky thuat nay xée dinh ngudi ding bing vige cip phat mot tin s6 hose mét khe thi gian DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 3Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. hoe m6t ma trai phd duy nhdt khi ho ding nhip vio he théng. Nhung phé tan dinh cho théng tin di ddng thi co han. CDMA ciing lam tang dung lung hé théng dang. nung né Iai dn dén sy gia ting nhigu ding kénh va nhiéu xuyén kénh do mat 49 phin bé cao cia ngudi ding trong mét cell. Do 46 dung lngng hg thing khong cao. Bén canh d6 chat Itong dich vu cia ngudi ding cing gidm do fading va nhiéu déng kénh, nhiéu xuyén kénh khi ho di chuyén. Cac hé théng théng tin di dong thé hg ba sé cung cp nhiéu loai hinh dich vu bao gdm céc dich vu thoai va sé ligu téc d6 thip hign nay cho dén cée dich vu sé ligu t5e d@ cao, video va truyén thanh. Tée d6 cue dai cia ngudi sit dung sé lén dén 2MHz. Nhung tbe 46 cue dai nay chi e6 trong cée 6 pico trong nha, edn ede dich vy vbi the dO 14.4Kbps sé duge dam bao cho di dong thong thurdmg 6 céc 6 macro. Nhiing kh6 khan trén s@ durge khiic phuc béi ky thugt MIMO_OFDM.Trong 6 an nay sé tap trung trinh bay ky thuat nay. 1.3. Méi trwong v6 tuyén trong théng tin di dong. Trong mot kénh v6 tuyén ly twéng, tin higu thu durge chi bao gdm mot tin higu dén tre tigp va sé la bin thu duge hoan hao cia tin higu khéc, Tuy nhién, trong mét kénh thu té, tin higu bi thay déi trong suét qué trinh truyén, tin higu nhan duge sé la sw tong hgp cla cae thanh phan bi suy gidm, thanh phn phan xa, khite xa, nhigu xa cia tin higu khiée, Quan trong nht la kénh truyén sé cOng nhigu vio tin higu va c6 thé gy ra sir dich tin sé song mang néu miy phat hoge thu di chuyén (higu img Doppler). Chét lugng cia hg théng v6 tuyén phy thude vio cae dlc tink kénh truyén. Do 46, higu biét v2 cée anh huéng cia kénh truyén lén tin higu ta vén 8 rit quan trong Kénh truyén tin higu OFDM 1a méi truéng truyén song dign tir gitta may phat va may thu. Trong qué trinh truyén, kén truyén chju anh huréng ca cde logi nhifu nhu: nhigu Gauss tring ong, Fading phing, Fading chon lgc tn 6, Fading nhigu tia... Trong kénh truyén v6 tuyén thi tie déng cia tap am bén ngoai va nhiéu DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 4Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. giao thoa 1a rit én. Kénh truyén vo tuyén 14 moi trudng truyén da dung va chiu nh huéng ding ké cila Fading nhidu tia, Fading Iya chon tan sé, ‘Su phan xg: xuat hign khi song dign tir durge truyén di, va dp trén mot vat 6 chigu dai rit lin so voi bude song cia séng dign tit, Phan xa xudt hign tir mat dat, cc ta cao de. Sw nhigu x@: xudt hign khi dung truyén v6 tuyén gitta bO phat va b6 thu bj m@t bé mat 66 canh nhon chén lai, nhiing song phu do vat can tao ra 6 khap noi, 6 tan sé cao, nhigu xa cing nhw phn xq phy thuge vao dang hinh hoe cia vt thé, bién d6, pha va sur phan eye cia sing t6i tai diém niu xa. Mac dit exemg 49 trudng giém nhanh khi b6 thu di vio ving chin (ving i), cudmg 46 nhibu xa cng c6 va thurimg la dng ké dé tao tin higu c6 ich. ‘Sw tan xg: xuat hign khi sng lan truyén qua moi trudng ma do dai cia cac vat thé 1 nho so vai bude sng va s6 vat ean trén dam vj thé tich moi tng lt lin. Cée bé mit nhdp nhd, nhimg vat thé aho, sr thay 46i bat thurdng ctia kénh truyén tao ra séng tan xa, Thue t8 thi tén 14 ram, bing dung, c6t dign tao ra hign twong tin xa trong théng tin di dong. Véi dic tinh li truyén tin higu tén cde sng mang trye giao, phan chia bang théng géc thanh rat nhiéu cac bang con déu nhau, ky thuat OFDM da khae phuc duge anh huong cita fading Iya chon tan s6, cae kénh con 6 thé durge coi la cic kénh fading khéng Iya chon tin sé. Voi viée str dung tién 16 lap (CP), ky thudt OFDM da han ché durge anh hung cia fading nhiéu tia, dam bao sw ding b6 ky tw va ding bo sng mang 1.3.1. Méo bién a9. 1.3.1.1. Mé hinh fading Rayleigh. Mobile Station (MS) khéng chi nhan tin higu phat ma edn nhan nhiéu phién ban cia tin higu phat do phan xe hod nhiu xa tr cfc tda nha va ede yéu t5 Khe Pha ctia tin higu nhén la tng pha ciia ede tin higu, véi mdi pha thay di ngdu nhién DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 5Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. trong khoding [0, 2}. Tir Ii thuyét gid han trang tim ta e6 dang sng nhin duge 06 de tinh nhigu Gaussian thing dai. Vi véy him pdf eta ee than phin ding pha vi vyudng pha eta tin higu nhan duge la Gaussian véi trang binh khong va phuong sai 1 nhit theo dinh Ii gigi han trang tim, Hinh bao pdf eia ching theo phan b6 Rayleigh Por) wr20 a) o? la phuong sai ‘Va phan bé ciia @ La: 110)= 51-05 0-<2n a2) Hinh 1.1: Ham pdf theo phiin bé Rayleigh. 1.3.1.2, M6 hinh fading Rician. Néu trong s6 nhiing thanh phan cia tin higu nhén duge e6 mot duéng toi hu dug truyén true tuyén cdc thinh phn déng pha va vudng pha khong cén co trung binh khéng dit phuong sai cia ching van gidng nhau, Khi dé him pdf cia tin higu nhin duge ed phan bé Rician: Pir), (3) DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 6Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. Voi Ip la ham Bessel bién déi bac 0 logi 1 Goi K la ti 96 ning rong gifta thinh phin tri v6i cde thanh phin tén xq khéc: £ Kes 20" (4) Néu khéng ¢6 thanh phan troi A= | I= 1, him pdf Rieian suy giam thanh ham pdf Rayleigh. Khi A kha 1én so véi o, phan bé 1a xdp xi Gaussian. Vi vay co thé ndi kénh fading Rician la truéng hgp chung nhit. Thanh phan tri thudng lim gidm ding ké d6 su fading. Vé mat BER fading Rician 6 chat Iugng cao hon fading Rayleigh, Hinh 1.2: Ham pdf Rician vét nhing gid tr hic nhaw cia K. 1.3.1.3. Théng ké ciia fading. a) Fast fading. Tin higu bang tin ge thay déi nhanh nhu thé nao so véi téc d9 thay di cha kénh s& quyét dinh m9t kénh la slow fading hay fast fading. Trong mot kénh fast fading, dap img xung ciia kénh thay d6i nhanh trong m6t chu ki symbol. Va thuong do phan x9 nhiéu tia eta sng truyén, do ede vat thé tin xa nhwr nha etta hode rig céy...Ngudi ta thuring xét fading trong timg 1/2 bude séng. Hinh bao cia tin higu nha durge c6 fast fading thurdng theo phan bd Rayleigh hoe Rician. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 7Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. Hai théng sé quan trong cia fast fading 14 tée dO vugt mire va thi gian fading trung binh. dO vugt mite dinh nghia 1a téng sé lin bj fading trong mot kkhodng thi gian chia cho chinh khong thoi gian dé. Néu biét dure thoi gian fading trung binh ta c6 thé chon ky thudt ma héa kiém soat I8i thich hep trong truyén din s6, Con thii gian fading trung binh 1a tng thai gian ea timg fading chia cho tong s6 lin xay ra fading. Gid tri nay ding dé woe doan sé bit bj Ii trong mot lan fading, Dié trong hé théng. Trong thuc té fast fading chi xudt hign voi téc 46 dit ligu rit thdp. nay lai duge sir dung dé chon phuong thire ma héa kénh thich hep b) Slow fading. Slow fading la su thay di cia suy hao duge lay trung binh trong khoang vai mét vi chit yéu ld do phin 8 dia hinh vi mi tring xiy dung gita MS va BS. ‘Thong thing Slow fading phn bé theo him lognomal, vi vay hinh bao tia tin higu nin duge tinh theo don vj dB tun theo phan bé Gaussian, Slow fading con duge goi li hign twomg bong mi Mot kénh duce goi la fast fading hay slow fading khong han n6 la kénh fading phing hay kénh fading Iya chon tin sd. Fast fading chi dé cap dén toc 46 thay déi ca kénh do su chuyén dong. Mt s6 nguéi thudmg nhim Kin gitta thudt ngtt fast fading va slow fading véi thudt ngit fading dign rng va fading dién hep. Can nhan manh ring fast fading va slow fading lién quan dén mdi quan hé gitta ti Ie thai gian thay di trong kénh va tin higu phat, ma khong lién quan dén m6 hinh suy. hhao dudng truyén, 1.32. Suy hao dung truyén. Tai anten phat, ede song v6 tuyén sé duge truyén di theo moi huréng (nghia Ia song durge mé rong theo hinh edu). Neay ca khi ching ta ding anten dinh hung dé truyén tin higu, song cling duge mo rong dui dang hinh cau nhung mat 46 nang Igng khi d6 sé duge tap tring vio mét ving nao dé do ta thiét ké. Vi thé, mat 46 cong 5 én tich mat cu, Hay ndi ech Khe li outmg 45 cia sng gidm ti Ig voi sng giim ti Ié véi binh phuong khoang céch. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 8Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. ‘Cong sudt thu duge sau khi trayén tin higu qua mot khoang cdch R: r=n6,0, 2.) 0s) Pz: Cong suit tin higu thu durge (W), Pr: Cong suit phat (W), Gx: BO gi anten thu (anten dang huéng). G,_: BQ loi anten phat. 2: Bude song cia song mang. R: Khong céch truyén, Hode ta cé thé viét lai la: & (2) (1.6) BR La Goi Lp la h s6 suy hao do vige truyén dan trong khong gian ty do: LpddB)~P (AB) ~ PB) 10logG;-10log10Gy+20logf+20IogR-47.648 a7 Néi chung truyén din trong khéng gian ny do rit don gian, ching ta 06 thé xy dyng mé hinh chink xic cho cée tuyén thong tin v@ tinh va céc tuyén lién Ipc trye tiép (khong bj vat can) nhur cc tuyn lién Ige vi ba diém néi diém trong pham vi ngfin. Tuy nhién, cho hiu hét cée tuyén thong tin trén mat ddt nhw thong tin di déng, mang LAN khéng day, méi trudmg truyen dan phire tap hon nhieu do d6 vige tao ra cae m6 hinh cing khé khan hon, Vi du d6i voi nhing kénh truyén din vo tuyén di déng UHF, khi dé digu kign vé khéng gian tr do khéng duoc théa, ching ta cé cong thite tinh suy hao duéng truyén nhw sau: Ly, =-I0logG, -101ogG, ~20log/ix, ~2010g,, hg —40log 8) Voi ings, hugs << R la d6 cao anten tram phat va anten cia MS. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 9Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. 1.33. Trai tr trong hign turgng da dung. Tin higu nhgn duge noi thu gm tin higu tha trge tigp va ede thinh phin phn xa. Tin higu phan xq dén sau tin higu thu trye tiép vi nd phai truyén qua mot khoang. dai hon, va nhu vay né sé lam nang long thu duge trai rOng theo thoi gian. Khoding trai tr8 (delay spread) duge dinh nghia la khong chénh Igch thoi gian gia tin higu thu trac tigp va tin higu phn xa thu duge cuéi edmg. Trong théng tin v6 tuyén, tri tré 06 thé géy nén nhiéu xuyén ky tu néu nhur hé théng khéng 06 each kh phuc. 1.34. Tap am tring Gauss. Tap am tring Gaussian fi loai nhigu phé bia nhit trong hé théng teuyén din Logi nhigu nay cé mat 46 phd cng sudt la ding déu trong ca bang thong va 6 phan bé Gaussian vé bién d6. Theo phuong thiic tac dong thi nhiéu Gaussian Li nhifu cOng. Vay dang kénh truyén phé bign 1a kénh truyén chju tic dong cia ahigu Gaussian tring céng, Nhi&u nhigt (sinh ra do su chuyén dong nhigt cia cée het mang dign gay ra) [a loi nhigu tiéu biéu cho nhiéu Gaussian tring cng tic dong én kénh truyén dn, Dac bigt, trong hé thdng OFDM, khi sé séng mang phy la rét on thi hau hét ede thanh phn nhigu khéc cing 6 thé durge coi la nhigu Gaussian wi 1g cOng tic dng trén timg kénh con vi xét trén ting kénh con rigng Ié thi dic diém cia cde logi nhigu nay thoa man cae diéu kign eta nhiéu Gaussian tring cng. Hau hét cae loai nhiéu trong hé thong thong tin vO tuyén 06 thé duge mo hinh hod et nh ade nhir ding dt iga Gauss tring cdng (AWGN) [Nhu vay tin higu_ hi trayén qua kénh trayén AWGN phai thém vao mt tin higu ngdu nhién khong mong muda phéin bé theo ham Gauss: poo (19) DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 10Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. 1.3. Hign tugng Doppler. Didone Hink 1.3: Mo hink hign tegng Doppler. Khi dau phat va dau thu chuyén dong trong déi so véi nhau, tin sé song mang nhn bao gid cing khée tin s6 séng mang truyén fe. Xét tragmg hop khi MS di chuyén véi van te khdng d6i_v v6i ge 0 so vai tin higu dn, Tin higu nhin duuge la S() = Ref Aexp[j22— Su} (1.10) Trong dé A la bin dé, fe 1a tin sé phat, fy 14 dich Dopper. fy = co" cox0) ay [hur vy tin s6 nh Be fof (1.12) Dich Dopper exe dai: 13) Tin s6 dich Doppler ¢6 thé duong hoe am tiry thude vio du thu di chuyén vé phia du phét hay di céch xa diu phat. Trong méi trudmg thy té, tin higu dén theo cic duimg phan xq khac nhau véi khang cach va goc dén khac nhau. Xét mot song phat dang sin, thay vi i m@t dé dich Doppler don gian ta nhan duge doan phd Ong tir £(1-v/e) dén £(L+v/e) dé chi sy trai phd Doppler. Khi moi huong, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. inChuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. cia tram di déng hode moi géc dén gid sir c6 x4c sudt bang nhau (phin phdi déu ), mat dO phé cdng sudt cia tin higu nhgn duge tinh theo céng thite: ck N= (14) he EE : Voi K 1a hing sé. Khi d6 ham ty trong quan cia tin higu nhan duge 1a: R(t) = Koos(2af.r)J,(20 f,0) (1.15) Jo li ham Bessel bie khéng, Dich Doppler c6 thé gay ra cdc vin dé quan trong néu ky thuat truyén din nhay cam véi Iéch tin s6 song mang ching han nhu ky thuat OFDM. 1.4, Téng quan vé kf thugt MIMO-OFDM. Véi sur phat tién dich vy di déng, ngay cing yéu cau tbe 49 cao (bang thong rong) va chat lugng thong tin tt. ‘Trong 46 ky thugt OFDM va MIMO da duge sir dung dé dap img yéu cdu trén, Kj thugt MIMO giip ting t5c d dir ligu va van git durge a6 tin cdy thang tin, gidm cing suit phit. Va kY thugt OFDM gitp chéng nhidu, ting ey fi truydn tin trong moi truémg khong day. K¥ thugt MIMO-OFDM li sir két hop clia hai ky thudt MIMO va OFDM dé tn dung ca hai wu digm cia ede KY thudt, mang lai chét hong thong tin trao d6i la tt nba, 1.4.1, Dinh nghia va khai nigm. OFDM viér tit ciia Orthogonal Frequency Di jon Multiplexing, li ky thugt hep kénh phan chia theo tin s6 ange giao, OFDM fa ky thud chia ding dt tiga ban dau t6e 49 cao thanh al 6 thip hon. M&i dng dt dong dir ligu t ga nly sé duge ty tra mot shag mang con. Cée song mang con duge dilu ché ge gio i nhau, Sau d6 séng mang con duye ting hop v6i nhau va durge ehuyén len thn sb DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 12Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. cao dé try di, Tai du thu, dligu se duge dua v8 bing tin co so bai BO trp. Sau 46 duge tach thanh cac ludng dit ligu tée do thdp. Logi bé séng mang con, chuyén dc hudng tin higu adc. Cudi cing duge tng hop thinh ludng dit liga ban di MIMO viét tét cua Multi Input Multi Output, la ky thuat sir dung nhiéu anten phét hoje nhidu anton phat va thu nhim det durge 46 tin cfy cia tin higu truyéa din vii te 46 dit ligu cao, Ky thuat MIMO la chia dng di ligu ban dau thinh ede dong dit ligu con theo mot thudn tofin cho trude, sau dé dura ting dong dit ligu nay dén cée anten tong ing va truyén di, Phia thu sé nhin duge cde ding dit ligu nay, sit dung ede thudt toan thich hgp dé t6ng hyp lai ding dor tigu ban du MIMO-OFDM [a sr &t hop ca hai ky thugt OFDM va MIMO tén, 1.42. Ky thugt MIMO-OFDM. Khéi phit MIMO-OFDM Khoi phat : OFDM 1 Khéi phat MIMO Ki phat OFDM n Khoi ahjn MIMO-OFDM Anten 1 Khoi thu OFDM I Khdéi thu | Bits Anten m MIMO. | output Khéi thu OFDM m Hin 14: Mé hinh tong quit hé thing MIMO-OFDM. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 13Chuong 1: TONG QUAN VE KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM VA HE THONG THONG TIN DI DONG. Khéi phét MIMO-OFDM: Mét chuai tin higu dau vdo sé duge khéi MIMO ‘ma hod va tich ra thanh ede day tin higu rigng bigt. Tling day tin higu nay sé durge dua vio khdi phat OFDM tuong img dé chuyén thanh cdc tin higu OFDM. Sau 46 duge dua dén kh6i TX 48 chuyén thanh tin higu cao tin va truyén di qua cdc anten. Khdi tha MIMO-OFDM: Tin higu cao tin duge thu nhin boi ede anten & khéi thu, BO RX sé chuyén tin higu cao tn thanh ede tin higu tn sé thdp. Khéi thu OFDM s@ chuyén tin higu OFDM thanh cde tin higu théng thyme. Khdi thu MIMO 6i thu OFDM thanh mét chudi tin sé giai ma va téng hgp cde day tin higu sau KI hhigu ban dau. 1.5. Két lugn chuomg. Ky thugt MIMO-OFDM ra dii di tao ra rét nhidu uu thdng tin di dong. Dé 1a cho higu nang phé cao, thich tng voi truyén din da duong: cho hg thang trong hé théng truyén din khdng day, tn dung duge sir phan tp anten tir d6 cai thign chit lngng tin higa tgi du thu, chéng duge hign tugmg Fading anh huéng déa hé théng bang rong Cac churong sau sé trinh bay chi tiét timg k¥ thuét OFDM, MIMO va su két hop MIMO-OFDM. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. MWChuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. Chuong 2 KY THUAT OFDM. 2.1. Gi6i thigu. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) la ghép kénh phan chia theo tin s6 tre giao, OFDM la ky thuat chia dong dit ligu ban dau t6c 46 cao thanh nhiéu dong dit ligu t6e d6 thap hon, MBi dong dir ligu nay s8 durge truyén trén mt sng mang con. Cie song mang con due digu ché true giao véi nhau, Sau d3 s6ng mang con duge t6ng hop véi nhau vi duge chuyén Ién tin s6 eao dé wuydn di, Tai tach thinh ce Iudng dt figu thu, dir ligu sé duge dua vé bang tin co s6 bai bG trdn, Sau dé duge 46 thip, loi b6 s6ng mang con, chuyén vb cde Iudng tin higu géc, téng hop thanh ludng dit ligu ban du. KY thujt OFDM truygn thong tin trén cae sng mang con duge diéu ehé trae giao véi nhau nén cé rit nhidu uu diém trong thong tin di dng nhung cling ¢é vai Khuyét diém cin khile phye. Uu diém eiia OFDM: > Gia nhigu xuyén kénh, > Gian nl xuyén ki he > Higu suit sir dung bang thong cao, > Hoat gng tit tong cic kénh fading nhigu ta Khuyét diém cia OFDM: > Ki ty symbol OFDM bj nhigu bién 4 trong mot khoang dong rit lon. Vi ty 96 PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) cao cia OFDM. Dé gay nhiéu xuyén digu ché, > Méo nhigu (distortion) trong bing lin bie x¢ ngoié bang do rit nein (clipping) tin higu DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 15Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. > OFDM nhay véi tin sé offset va sur trot ciia séng mang hon cac hé théng don sng mang con khéc. Tin s6 offset cia sng mang gay nhi8u cho cée séng ‘mang con tne giao va gay ra nhigu lién kénh lam gid hoat dong cho céc b6 diéu cché mét cach trim trong. Vi vay déng bé 1a mot voi bd thu OFDM 2.2, Khai nigm chung. 2.2.1. Hg théng don séng mang. HG théng don séng mang li hé théng ma di ligu duge diéu ché va truyen di chi trén mot sng mang. Hinh 2.1: Sa dé chung cia hg thing dom sing mang. iéu dién nhu sau; ‘Véi qua trinh digu ché don sng mang, higu durge ste Lasl-i7,) Q1) Trong dé ay la dit Ligu du vio ea ki te tht L 2.2.2. H¢ théng da song mang. He théng da song mang la hé théng c6 dit ligu duge digu ché va truyén di trén nbiéu song mang khic nhau. Cu thé hon, hé théng da song mang chia tin higu ban dau thanh cdc fudng tin higu khée nhau, va diéu ché mdi dong tin higu vi cdc sng mang khdc nhau. Céc tin higu duge truyén trén ciic kénh tin sO khac nhau, saw 6 ghép nhimg kénh nay Iai theo kiéu FDM. G phia thu, b@ téch kénh s@ dia dén b} thu cée kénh o6 tin £6 khde nhau, sau dé chiing duge gidi didu ché tgo ra tin higu g6e ban dau. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 16Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. = db os Hinh 2.2: So dé hg thbng da sing mang. Hi thdng da séng mang, tin higu c6 thé duge bie din nhur sau: = ¥ VeeOMfU-i) 2) ‘Cx la ki higu thir I tai song mang k; f{t) la dang xung cua ki higu 3) ‘Néu ta sit dyng dang xung chit nhgt thi [uocrsT, : 2A > orsosen, Nee 2.23. higu trye giao. Cac tin higu la true giao néu ching doc lip voi nhau. Tin higu true giao c6 tinh chit cho phép truyén va thu t8t nhigu tin higu trén cing mét kénh trayén ma khong gay ra nhidu xnyen ki ty gitta cde tin higu nay. Tinh tryc giao cha tin higu duge thé hign & dang phd cia n6 trong mién tin 26. Trong mién tin 26, mdi song mang con ota tin higu tre giso 06 dép ting tin #8. li sin hay sin(x)/x. Bién 4} ham sine ¢6 dang bap chinh hep va nhigu biip phy e6 bien 46 giam din khi cng xa tan s6 trung tim. Méi séng mang cua tin higu c6 bién 49 dinh tai tin 96 trung tim cia n6 vA bing O t9i thn ob trung tim cia séng mang khdc. Do dé ta goi cdc tin higu true giao nhau. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 7Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. ‘Vi du: gid sir 4 tin higu trye giao duge diéu ché bai 4 séng mang con hinh sine sau: Hinh 2.3a: Bon sing mang true giao nhau, Hinh 2.36: Phé cita 4 sing mang srye giao. h2 Ch3 Chd ChS CRE CHI ChE CRI CHAO VYYYYYYY Frequeney Hinh 24a: KS thug da sing mang. Saving of bandwidth Freqeney Hanh 2.4b: KS thugt ghdp kenh phitn chia theo tin sb rye giao. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 18Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. 2.3. So dd hg théng OFDM bang co 86. yiky yin) y(n) visip PIs xép lai Hinh 2. 5: So dé hg thing OFDM. > Khéi sip xép va ma hod: ma hod dong di liga bing thuat todn FEC (Forward error correcing) va duge sip xép theo mt trinh ty hn hop. > Khéi S/P: chuyén dong dit ligu nhj phan téc 46 cao ban dau thanh cic dong dit ligu song song téc d6 thap hon > Khéi chen pilot: chén cac chudi gid nhigu, gidp ta ude Iuyng duge 46 quay pha do Idi tn s6 gay ra > Khéi IDFT: ding thudt ton IFFT, tinh ton cde miu tho gin trong tng ic kénh nhanh trong mign th > Khéi chén dai bio vé: chén cfc Khong bao vé dé gidm nhigu xuyén ki tw. > AWGN: Ni jause tring cOng, do téc dng trong qué trinh tryén dtr ligu. > Khdi ude Inong kénb: wée Inong kénh (Channel Estimation) trong hé théng OFDM la xc dinh him truyén dat ciia cc kénh con va thoi gian dé thyc higa giai diéu ché bén thu khi ben phat sir dung kiéu digu ché két hop (coherent modulation), DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 19Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. Cée khéi & phia may thu OFDM thi thye hign qué trinh nguge Iai vi cée khdi & may phat, 2.4. Co'sé todin hoe. 24.1. Tre gino. Xét tip hop N séng mang con f(t), trong dé n = 0,1,....Ne1. tS Sb Tip hop song mang nay sé true giao khi [rore {ence 25) K; hing 6 ‘Song mang OFDM thwéng cé dang: en 2.6) fp + mAL= fy + WT. fy: d6 dich tin ban dau. Af li d@ chénh Igch gita2 tin s6 s6 1g mang gan nhau. 2.4.2. IFFT/FFT. DFT (discrete fourier transform) la ién d6i Fourier ri rac. IDET (inversion discrete fourier transform) li bién déi ngurge Fourier roi rac. IFFT/FFT la thuat ton sip thu hign nhanh phép chuyén 461 IDFT/ DFT. IDFT duge sit dung dé bién déi chudi dir ligu c6 chiéu dai N{X()} think cc tin higu rd rac trong mign thai gian {x(n) }theo céng thie sau: LS vegygsantin . x(n) = IDET (X()}= LF xe" n= 04,2 2.7) wer XaH=T EE 04,2..,.N-1 en N la chiéu dai DFT. DFT duge sit dung bién déi tin higu ri rac trong mién thoi gian y(n) thanh cchudi dit Ligu ¥(k) theo céng thite sau: DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 20Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. ¥(k)= DET Lym} =H vome™™ (K=0.1,...N-D a) 2N-IFFT/PFT : Tin higu vio bo 2N-IFFT/FFT 1a chudi tin higu thye e6 d6 dai 2N, thay thé cho chudi tin higu phite e6 46 dai N. Nguyén tic tgo ra chudi tin higu X"(k) 66 46 Gai 2N thay thé cho chudi tin higu pte X(k) 66 dd N la oneal r@-[, 7 LW QN-b, k=N+1..2N-1 es) va (2.10) 2.5. Cac k¥ thudt eo ban trong OFDM. 2.5.1. So dd digu ché/Gidi diéu ché, Trong hé théng OFDM tin higu vao 1a tudng bit 6 dang nhj phan. Nén trong he théng OFDM Ia céc qua trinh didu ché s6 va 06 thé dupe chon dya trén yéu clu céng suit va higu sudt sir dyng bang thong kénh. Kf thugt didu ché QAM. ‘Trong hé théng PSK, ede thanh phin dong pha va vudng pha duoc két hop ‘Gi nhau sao cho tao thanh mét tin higu duong bao khéng déi, Tuy nhién, néu loai bo diéu nay va dé cc thinh phin ding pha vi vudng pha cé thé dée lap véi nau thi ta duge mot so d6 digu ché méi goi la digu bién cdu phuong QAM (digu ché bién 46 vudng g6c). O so dé diéu ché nay, s6ng mang bj diéu ché ca bién do va pha. Digu ché QAM c6 wu diém 1a tang dung lrgng dung truyén dan sé. Dang tng quit cia diéu ché QAM M trang thai ( M_QAM ) durge xc dinh abu sau: so Ba coantoye PEnsnanfny (osrer) Gay) Vr DO AN TOT NGHIEP. aChuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. Trong 46: Ela nang hegng cia tin higu 6 bién d6 chp ahd 2b, la cap sé nguyen d9c lap duge chon ta theo v ri kit trong chim sao Tin higu song mang gdm 2 thanh phan vudng géc duge diéu ché béi mét tap hop tin higu roi rac vi thé 66 tén la “digu ché bién d6 vudng géc C6 thé phan tich $,(:) thinh ep ham co sé: (2.12) (2.13) Hinh 2.6: Chium tin higu M_QAM. Dang diéu ché 06 thé durge qui dinh bdi sé trang thai ngd vao M va sé phite & gd ra 4, yt bas (WT ) (14) a, va b, c6 thé durge chon nhur sau: DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 2Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. M | Dang digu ehé Ja, ,b, 2 BPSK =I 4 QPSK aT 16 | 16-QAM [31,43 64) 64-QAM | 1,43,25,37 2.5.2. MA hod kénh. Trong hé théng théng tin s6 néi chung, ma héa sia sai theo phuong phép FEC (Forward Error Correcting) duge sir dung dé nang cao chat lugng thong tin, ew thé la dam bio ty s6 18i trong gidi han cho phép ma khong phai nang cao gid tri ty 86 Eb/No, digu nay cdng thé hign 10 6 kénh truyén bj tie dong cla AWGN, ‘MA hoa FEC durge chia thinh 2 logi ma chinh: ma khéi (block coding) va ma chap (convolutional coding), Ngodi ra, ngudi ta cdn diing ma héa Trellis, day 1a kiéu ma hoa xem nhu gan giong voi ma hoa cl ‘Voi m& hoa khéi: Ludng bit vao duge chia thanh nhimg nhém c6 k bit, mdi nhém duge thém vo nhimg bit kiém tra dé tao thanh nhom mdi cd n bit (n>k). SS bit kiém tra thém vio day lé (n-k) bit. Vi du: ma khdi tuyén tink, ma Hamming, ma Reed Solomon. ‘Voi ma chap: Dac trang boi 3 thing s6 18 (n, k, m), trong dé: n 1a s6 bit ra, k a s6 bit vao, m la s6 bit trude 46, Vay n bit cia tir ma ra khdng chi phy thude vao k bit vio ma cdn phy thuge vio (m-1}k bit thdng tin trude 46 (duge goi Ia cic bit trang thai). n bit ngd ra duge tao ra bing céch chip k bit ng6 vao véi mot dap ting xung nhj phan. Ma chap duge xy dung boi mach day. Ty sé .=k/n durge goi 1a ty sé ma, tong s6 6 ghi dich fa (kam) 6. ‘VGi ma Trellis: 1a m6t dang cua ma chp nhung c6 thém phan ma héa. Sit dung ma héa Trelis sé cho higu qua tt nhit & phan sip xép (mapping) khi ta sit DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 23Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. dung ma hoa M-QAM véi M khée nhau trén ce séng mang nhénh khée nhau. Ben thu e6 thé sir dung thuat todn Viterbi. Viterbi lt giai thudt giai mai hod. ‘Trong OFDM, theo mét sé khnyén nghi, ngudi ta con két hgp mA hoa v6i ky thugt xen ré (interleaving) trén gian dO thei gian — tan sO dé khéc phye Idi chim (burst error) thuéng xuat hign trong théng tin da séng mang do hign tugng Fading Ia chon tin s6. Cae ISi chim khong thé duge stta bai cae loai ma héa kénh, Nhis vo ky thudt xen ré, ngudi ta dit chuyén 15i chim (nu e6 xay ra) thanh ede ISi ngdu ign va céc Idi ngiu nhién nay dé ding duge khiie phue boi cée loai ma héa kénh. 2.5.3. Sip xép. ‘Sau Khi da durge ma héa va xen r8, cde dong bit trén cée nhénh s8 duge didn ché BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, hoiic 64-QAM. Dong bit trén mdi nhanh duge sip xép thanh cfc nhém e6 N bits (1, 2, 4, 6) khée nhau trong img véi cée phuong phap digu ché BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM. Hay néi cach khée dang digu ché durge guy dinh bai sé bit & ng® vao va c¥p gid tri (1, Q) 6 nga ra cha ché 64-QAM thi sé c6 6 bit diu 1g han: khi ta sir dung phurong phap dié vio duge 18 chite thinh mt nhém tuong ting cho mot s6 phite trén dB thi hinh sao dae trang cho kiéu diéu ché 64-QAM (64-QAM constellation). Trong 6 bit thi 3 bit LSB (bobs bs) sé bigu thi cho gid tri cia. I, con 3 bit MSB (bs bibs) biéu thi cho gid bybib; | 1 | bybybs | Q 000 | -7 | 000 | -7 oor fs] oo [5 or }3) on | 3 oo [yo |= iio {a} to [7 iii iii a 3 tor | 5] to | 5 too | 7 | 100 | 7 DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 4Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. 2.54. Kf thugt IFFT/FFT trong OFDM. OFDM [a ky thuat digu ché da séng mang, trong dé dit ligu duge truyén song song nhg rt nhiéu séng mang phy. Dé lim duge dién nay, ett mdi kénh phy, ta cin ‘mot méy phat song sin, mét bé ditu ché va mét bé gidi dibu ché. Trong truong hop 6 kénh phy 1a kha lon thi each lim trén khéng higu qua, nhigu khi la khong thé thye hign duge. Nhim gidi quyét van d8 nay, khdi thy hign chire nang bién di DFT/IDFT duge ding dé thay thé toan b9 cae b6 tao dao déng séng sin, b6 diéu ché, gid diéu ché ding trong mdi kénh phu. FFT/IFFT durge xem la mot thuat toa gitip cho vige thye hién phép bién d6i DFT/IDFT nhanh va gon hon bang cach giam s6 phép nhin phic khi thye hign phép bién déi DFT/IDFT va gitp tiét kigm bG nhé bing céch tinh tai chd, Ta quy w6e : Chudi tin higu vao X(k) ,0Sk A,5U-T,) (2.28) Voi: Ay 1a bién do phite cia dép ting xung trén dudng truygn thir k Ty la thoi gian tré cia dip tig trén durdmg truyén thir k so v6i gde thi ian m [a s6 dung truyén trong méi trudng truyén da dudng. ‘Tién t5 lp (CP) cé kha nang loai bo nhigu ISI, nhigu ICI vi nd cho phép tang kha nang dong b> (ding b> ky ty, ding bd tin sé s6ng mang) trong hé thong OFDM. 2.5.6. Voe lngng kénh, 2.5.6.1. Khai nigm. Use Iugng kénh (Channel estimation) trong hé thong OFDM [a xée inh thu khi ham trayén dat cita cée kénh con vi thoi gian dé thy hign giai diéu ché bén phat sir dung kiéu digu ché két hp (coherent modulation). Bé wée long kénh, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 28Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. phuong phdp phé bién hign nay 14 ding tin higu dan duéng (PSAM-Pilot signal assisted Modulation). Trong phuong phap nay, tin higu pilot bén phat sir dung [a tin higu 43 duge bén thu biét tude vé pha va bién 6. Tai bén thu, so sanh tin higu thu e kénh truyén d duge v6i tin hig pilot nguyén thi cho biét anh hung o tin higu phét, Ue Iugng kénh o6 thé duge phan tich trong mién thoi gian va trong mién tin sé. Trong mién théi gian thi cdc dap img xung h(n) cia cée kénh con duge wée long. Trong mign tan 86 thi cde dap img tin sé H(k) cia cdc kénh con duge wée Ign. Cé hai van 48 chinh durge quan tam khi sit dung PSAM. *Van dd thé nhdt ta Iya chon tin higu pilot: phai dim bio yéu cdu chong nhigu, han ché tn hao vé nang hong va bang thong khi sir dung tin higu nay. Voi hg théng OFDM, vige Ira chon tin higu pilot e6 thé duge thye hign trén gidn 48 thi gian-tin sb, vi vay OFDM cho kha ning lira chon cao hon so vii hé thing don song, mang. Vige Ia chon tin hign pilot anh hutmg rit lon dén cdc chi tien he théng. ‘Mau tin higu din duong (pilot) chen v6i tin higu 6 ich ca mign tin s6 lan rmién thoi gian Khoang cach gitta hai mau lién tiép phai tuan theo qui luét lay mau 6 ca mién tin s lin mia thi gian, > micn tin sé thi sur bign di cita kénh v6 tuyén phu thudc vio théi gian tré truyén din Kin nbat cia ken, 1 Sons D,< (225) Dy la khoang cach tan s6 gitra hai mau lign tiép. +O mién thoi gian thi sw bién déi cha him truyén phy thuge vao tin sb Doppler. 1 Ds 2WonelTs +T) (2.26) DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 29Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. foymax : tin s6 Doppler lén nha. Ts + chu ki e6 ich cia tin higu OFDM. Ta 146 dai cia khoang bao ve © Miu tin higu e6 ich. © Miu tin higu din dong. Hinh 2.9: Tin higu Pitot trong mién thoi gian va tin sé. subcariere ete ieee = ssubdantere Hinh 2.10: Tin higu pilot trong mién tin sé. *Van dé thir hai la vige thiét ké b@ woe Ingng kénh: phai giam duge 46 phite tap ciia thigt bi trong khi vn dam bao dure dé chinh xc yéu cau. Yén edu vé tée d6 thing tin cao (bite 1a thoi gian xir I gidm) va cde chi tiéu hé théng la hai yéu cau nguge nhau. Ching hen, b6 ude Itong kénh tuyén tinh t6i wu (theo nguyén ly binh phurong 18i nhé nhdt-MMSE) li b6 loc Wiener hai chigu (2D-Wiener filter) c6 chi tigu ky thudt rit cao nhung ciing rit phite tap. Vi vay, khi thiét ké cin phai dung fda hai yeu edu trén DO AN TOT NGHIEP.Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. 2.56.2. Uée hngng kénh trong mién tin sé. Trong mién tin sé, woe long kénh durge thye hign nhw sau: Mot ky tr OFDM da duge xée dinh trude vé pha va bién 46 (goi 1A ky ty hudn luyén-training symbol) duge phat di. Tai b6 woe long kénh, thu ky tw nay tai hai thoi diém lién tigp nhau va so sinh voi ky ty ban diu dé xéc dinh dap img tn sé H(k) cita cic kénh con. Ching han, tai b6 woe Inrong kénh, 6 kénh con thir k, thu duge hai ky te 1a R,(K) va Ra(k) véi ky ter hudn luyén duroe phat la X(k), ta 66 biéu thite Rilk) = HK)X(k) + Wilk) (2.27) Ralk) = HK)X(k) + Walk) (2.28) (kx) : ky te phite hun luyn phat én kénh con tht k Hilo): dap img tin s8 cia kénh con thir Wi(lo), Wo(k) : ede mau nhigu Gaussian tring cong tée déng vio kénh con thir k tai hai thoi digm lign tiép khao sat Tir (2.27) va (2.28), bo woe hrgng kénh sé xée dnl H(k) Ry(k) + RU) XC) = CHU) X Ck) = W,() + HX (+ Wy)" = HOdb|X(k)| +5 OW, (0) + Wa) XU) = Hk) + SOW (4) + WE) XH) 2.29) (Lira ¥ ring : bién 49 eda edie X(k) durge chon bing 1) ‘Tir cong thire (2.29), néu biét true ky ty phat X(k), cde mau nhigu W,(k), W,(k), ta c6 thé xe dinh duge dép tig tin s6 cia kénh con thir k. 2.5.6.3. Use lugng kénh trong min thoi gian, Use lugng kénh thue hign trong mién thoi gian sé gitp xe dinh durge dip mg xung cia timg kénh con. Ciing tuong ty nh wée lugng kénh trong mién tan s6, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 3Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. ngudi ta ciing sir dung cde ky ty hudn luyén da biét trrde va tir két qua so sinh gitra cée ky ur thu duge tai b@ wée hong, cée dip tmg xung h(n) ca nhimg kénh con duge use higng, Cée biéu thite xée dinh mdi quan hé gitta hai ky nr thu durge tai hai thoi diém lin tgp nhau va ky ag hun luyn phat dil y(n) = b(n)x(n) + (0) 230) a(n) = h(n)+x(n) + w2(n) Q31) Trong hai cing thite (2.30), (2.31) ta thay déu xudt hign ting chap trong mién thoi gian, Goi L la chiéu dai dp img xung Ken nhdt ma o6 thé ude Igng tren cée kénh con, L nhé hon rit nhiéu so véi chiéu dai N cia tin higu vao x(n), tin higu ra y(n). Theo cdng thite tinh téng chap va cOng thire (2.23), suy ra dip img xung ciia cae kénh con c6 dang la mot ma tran (Nx!) va cde mau tin higu x(a) durge 16 chite thanh ma tran chit nhat (7% L) e6 dang nhur sau x0) N=) (NL) x) x) x(N=L+2) x (2.32) x(N=2) N-3) x(N=1-L) aN-1) x(V-2) x(V=L) ‘Va dang ciia ma tran h li A) ‘A(2) =| 0) (2.33) MLA), Cée cing thire (2.30), (2.31) darge viet a ri(n) = Xh+ win) 34) n(n) = Xh + w2(n) (2.35) Tir (2.34) va (2.35), b9 woe hagng sé xée dinh: DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 32Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. fin) = 4X) +) = 4X8 (Mh + w (2) +X + we) = XH EAC Cn) +03 (2)) = he EXC mln) +30) (2.36) Tir cong thie (2.36), néu xée dinh true ma trén X va cée mau nhigu cong ‘wi(n), wa(n) thi 06 thé xée dinh duge dép ting xung h(n) cia cdc kénh con. #Chi y: + Néu sir dung phép didn ché vi sai két hop FFT thi khong cin uéc Iugng kent. + Ngoai cde ky thudt co bain clin phai ed & trén trong hé théng OFDM thi dé nang cao chit hnng hon nia ngwai ta edn thu hign déng b6 trong OFDM: sim PAPR (ti sé c6ng suat dinh trung binh) Ién, 2.6, So sinh a phite tap gitta k¥ thudt OFDM vi iéu ché don song mang. ‘MOC trong nhing ly do chinh dé sir dyng OFDM Ia kha nang giai quyét van 8 delay spread véi mot dé phire tap hep IY. Trong hé thing don song mang (single carrier), dO phite tap cha hé théng duge quyét dinh béi 69 can bing (equalizer), he théng phai lp dat cde 6 cn bing khi delay spread lén hon 10% chu ky symbol. OFDM khong ddi hoi phai c6 b9 edn bing. Thay vio 46, 46 phie tap cua mot he théng OFDM bi chi phéi bai b@ bién 48i FFT ding 46 git digu ché eae subcarrier. Cae vi du sau day sé chimg t6 6 phite tap ctia modem OFDM it hon ding ké so véi modem ding trong hé théng don song mang trong trong hop ci hai cing gid quyét m6t lwong delay spread nhwr nhau. Chi ¥ ring, m6t s6 bai bao dé cAp dén vige sit dung 1 b6 single-tap equalizer dé sita pha trong trong hop sir dung b6 thu OFDM ké hop. Chiing ta sé khOng sit dung thudt ng nay boi vi thudt ngit “equalization” e6 § mudn n6i dén mt nd lye duge thye hign dé nghich dio (invert) kénh truyn (tim ra mt b6 Toe nghich dio, invert filter, dé bi cho hign twong IST, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 33Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. muec dich lim cho céc tin higu da duéng, multipath signal, bi dich di va dén ding thoi diém, thay vi bj tri ra), Trong khi d6, bd thu OFDM thye hign nguge Iai, ef subcarrier bj suy yéu khong duge khuéch dai thém dé can bang kénh truyén nhung. \y, OFDM s8 thay vao d6 cdc subcarrier 46 s8 mang it thong tin hon. Theo cach trénh duge vin 8 thuong mic phai trong ky thuft can bing tuyén tinh ld niga ting len, 6 ring OFDM hip dn hon so véi hé thang don séng mang véi bé cén bing cho cée tich s6 dai thong-delay spread lim, Nén chi ¥ sling, str khae bigt vé mite 6 phite tap giita FFT va b@ can bang st gidm néu vige can bing duge thye hign trong mién tin s, Trong truong hgp nay, vige cén bing sé phitc tap hon gép 2 lin vi ca hai FFT va IFFT phai thyc hign vige can bing trong mién tin sé cho mot khdi tin hhigu, Mot loi ich khate vé mite dO phite tap cta OFDM La FFT khéng that sy di hoi cée phép nhan day di (full multication), nhung thay vio d6 1a cée phép xoay pha. Digu nay c6 thé thyc hign mét cach higu qua béi thuét toin CORDIC. Béi vi sy xoay pha khong lam thay di bién d, tite ching khong lim thay ddi dai dong eta tin higu, do dé lam don gian héa vige thiét ké diém lam vige. Ngoai vin dé vé mite d6 phite tap, OFDM cdn 06 mot Igi ich khée so voi he théng don séng mang véi bé can bing, Déi véi hé théng don song mang, chat lngng hé théng sé gidm mot cdch nhanh chéng néu delay spread vrot qua kha nang cho phép cia b6 cn bing. Boi vi vige truyén dn bi Ibi, xéc suat 16: bit tho (chura xir ly) tung nhanh dén néi vige dp dung ede phurong php ma héa ti I thép hon hode kich thurde chdm sao thap hon khong cai thign dang ké chat hngng hé théng. Tuy nhien, 444i voi OFDM, khdng cé higu img phi tuyén xy ra khi vige truyén din bj 18i. Do 6, cée phrong phip ma héa va cde chom sav e kich thurée thip hon e6 thé duge sir dung dé cai thign chét hrgng hé théng. Day 1a mot van dé quan trong bai vi nd sip rang dign tich hoat dong cia hé théng (coverage-area) va tranh duge eée tinh hhudng cde user trong cic vi tri xu (bad spot) khong the két ni DO AN TOT NGHIEP. M4Chuong 2: KY THUAT OFDM. 2.7. Két Iugn chong. Ky thugt OFDM han ché nhiéu, tiét kigm bang thong trong truyén thong di dong. Mac di e6 vai khuyéch diém nhumg da duge khie phue nhur da trinh bay 6 trén, Nén cng ngh@ nay duge ip dung rong rli trong cde hé thong ahr Wimax, Vowifi, trong céc tigu chuin IEEE. Kj thugt niy s& li eo si cho ed thé hg di dong thir 3, thir ur va ede thé hé khic nita trong tuong lai DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 35Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. Chuong 3 KY THUAT MIMO. 3.1. Gidi thigu. thug MIMO 1a kg thuft sir dung nbié anten phat va nhigu antem thu, Anten phat 7 SZ Anten thu : Hy i B9 chuyén * Ba gi 61 MIMO 7 chuyén i 1g dt ign yr sy | asimno ni Cée ky thujt MIMO thuéng gap: phin tip theo khéng gin, phin tip theo thoi gian, phin tp theo tin s, ma héa khdi khéng gian thoi gian, mi hod hid Khdng gian_théi gian, ghép kénh khong gian, 3.1.1. Uu diém cia kj thuat MIMO. > Tang 46 loi mang, lim ting ti s6 tin higu trén nhigu, tir dé Lim ting khoding cach truyén din ma khong cn tang cong suit phat. » Tang 46 Igi phan tp: Kim gidm hign twong fading thong qua vige sir dung hé théng anten phan tap, nang cao chat lngng hé théng, > Tang higu qua phd: bang cach sir dung ghép kénh khong gian. > Tang dung hong kénh ma khong cin ting cong suit phat va bang thong, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 36Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. 3.1.2. Khuyét diém ciia hg théng MIMO. > Tang dp phite tgp wong xir Ii vin higu phat va tho, > Kich thuée cua thiét bj di dong tang len, }Nhidu dng kénh: do sir dyng nhigu anten truyén dit ligu v6i cing mot bang tin, > Nhigu lign kénh: do nhik nguoi diing sir dung ciing hé théng MIMO. 3.2. Dung Iugng kénh truyén cia hé théng MIMO. Xet dung lung kénh MIMO cé Fading Rayleigh chim trong trumg hyp két hop ca phn tp thu va phat nhur Hin (3.1: Gi6i hen dusk: COW Sy Gi6i han tren € Phan tip phn eve Trong phan tap phan cyc, tin higu phan ewe dimg va phan eve ngang doc phat bing hai anten phan cuc khée nhau va cing thu bing 2 anten phin cue khéc hau, Diéu dé dim bio tao ra 2 tin higu khOng tong quan ma vin khong cdn dat hai anten cach xa nha > Phan tip anten phat ‘Trong phan tap phat, nhiéu anten doc trién khai 6 vi wi may phat. Tin duge xa lig méy phat va sau d6 duge truyén chéo qua eéc anten > Phan t@p anten thu Trong phin tap thu, nhiéu anten duge sir dung 6 may thu dé thu ede bin sao de lap cia tin higu phat, Céc ban sao cia tin higu phat duge két hop dé ting SNR va gidm fading nhiéu duing. 3.3.4. Cae phuong phap két hgp phan tap. 3.3.4.1. BO td hop theo kiéu quét va Iya chon (SC). a) B6 t6 hgp Iya chon. ‘Trong bé t6 hp Iya chon, tir mét tap hgp M phan tr anten, nhanh e6 ti s6 tin higu én nhigu SNR Jon nhat duge chon ra va két néi tnre tiép voi may thu, Nw vay s6 anten cling In hoge s6 phin tir cing én cita anten mang thi kha ning 6 duge ti Ié tin higu trén nhigu cing lén, Trong thuc 1é, tin higu e6 nang hugng (tin higu + nhigu) lén nhat sé duge chon. Vi thé tai dau ra, dit ligu s& thu durge 66 chat rome t6¢ nha DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 40Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. cup Hinh 3.3: Mo hinh 66 16 hgp kiéu lea chon. »)B6 té hop kigu quet Trong bé 16 hop kiéu quet, m6t b6 quét sé quet tit c@ ede nhdnh nhan duge tir anten nhan va Iva chon nhanh cé ti sé SNR Ién hon mt ngudng da duge cho trude. én khi nao nhénh ra nay c6 SNR nho hon mire ngudng thi bo quét sé quet lai tat ca cde nhanh dé chon ra nhdnh ¢6 SNR lin hon mic nguéng da cho. Rx 1 Rx 2 Rx ng Vv Vv Vv RF | Rr [ Rr rt End ro nd ont Eat Scat and Sch Ua ln Hinh 3.4: BO 06 hop kiéu quét. 3.3.4.2. BO t6 hop eiing 4 Igi (EGC). La ky thuat chuyén d8i gid tr 46 lpi cita cdc nhanh déu bing nhau vva khong thay d6i trong qua trinh hogt dng. Bau ra 1a tng eta céc tin higu ding pha cia tit cd ede nhdnh, La mt truémg hop ca phuong phép t6 hop véiti sé ti da. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. alChuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. 3.3.4.3. BO té hop Phuong phip «6 hop t 56 ti da tan dung tt nh kha nding cua ede nhéoh phan tap trong hg thing. Tat ea M nhinh duge nhin trong sé véi ede ti 6 tin higu tire tha trén nhigu twong mg. Sau d6 tin higu tir cfc nhanh duge dng pha trurée khi lay tong tin higu sao cho tat cd cée nhanh duge gép vio nhau theo pha sao cho tin biga di rao tng ich phn tip kim nbd, Tin higu tng chinh fi tn hig ra thu doe Phuong phap 6 hop da c6 nhigu wu diém so véi phwong phap phan tap Iua chon nhung phitc tap hon; do phai dim bao tin higu tir cée nhinh 1 hoin toin ding pha véi nhau va cée trong s6 phai duge ep nhat chinh xéc. Vv Vv ot ot Lt | Hinh 3.5: Phuong phip kés hop tisd ewe dg. Goi n, 1, @, La tin higu ngd vio nhanh i, tin higu ng6 ra cudi cing b6 nhén tin higu, hé s6 d6i trong eta tin higu vio nhainh i Sex, G2) Goi A, va g, li pha cla tin higu nhdnb i (1). Lite d6 gi tri a, las a=4e" G3) DO AN TOT NGHIEP. orChuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. Suy ra, gid tri char la r- Siar 63) ‘Trong két hgp ti s6 cue dai (MRC), tin higu 6 cde nhanh durge lay trong s6 va két hgp sao cho dat duge CNR tite thoi cao nhat ¢6 thé voi cae ky thuat két hop tuyén tinh, * Minh hoa trang hop don gin “Qui tic MRC cho | anten phat va 2 anten thu” co Ts Zh myR BO tach 4 ML Hinh 36: Phuong php tis8 ue dei vii ITs vi 2s. Trong tnrémg hgp t6 hop tis6 cite dei nr inh trén, ede tin hig tai may thu sla 1 =hy.c) +m G4) cot my G3) Tin higu thu t6 hop sé la Ge hy’ ty + hy’. (ap tag ye, + Ain, + hin; 3.6) 9 tach hp Ig tis (ML) quyét dinh bing thust toa sau DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 3Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. Gia st: hy = qyexpiQ) G7) y= aexpG0,) 638) 89 ML 38 ee tigu ma trin quyStdinh: he G9) icheal +s Aes Trién Khai biéu thie tn vi logi bo ede thinh phin dBe lp v6i ede te ma, thi vige t6i gidn 6 wen s@ Ih: G.10) Ta dat: GB.) Qui tie quyét dinh cho m4j tin higu té hyp, ¢; duge chon 1a ¢y khi va chi khi: (ai +a}-I)el +d°G.c) 1, tin higu 6 tig anten thu s? duge tong hgp nhw trén, sau d6 s€ durge tng hop Iai véi nhau (ta se e6 thém dd lei phan cyte thu). 3.4.1.2 Orthogonal STBC Tarokh cho s6 anten phat bit ky a) Ma hos Tarokh téng quit hoa matrix STBC cho sé anten phat bat ky (Tx — 3.45.68 ...) cho tin higu thc (BPSK, PAM ...). Tuy nhién di véi tin higu phite (modulation QPSK, M-PSK, M-QAM ....), 4é dim bao full-diversity, Tarokh ching minh khong tn tai ma trén phat cho trrdng hyp s6 anten phait 1én hon 4 va déi véi 6 anten phat 3 vi 4 thi khéng tin tai full-rate matrix, maxinuun rate ~ 3/4, Ma trim tin higu true giao cho 3, 4 anten phat cho tin higu thue va phite: Fall-rate matrix eho 3 anten phat (3 Tx) oe Lx -[% 45 13] Fall-rate matrix cho 4 anten phat (4 Tx) Bh Reais oxye|=3 HS, =4 $4 5 5 Rate 3/4 matrix for complex symbol 3 anten Tx 5 = aie s/8 ix-| [ eat etn ant | PN sg 1 aymegt tgs (ey tegttyH2 DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 47Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. 4 anten Tx a nat at) s/f t 4 yt agi 39/2 304 PEI agt NB sg*NB (—5,~5,*459-99°)/2 (sgtsq*ts,—5,°)/2 93°/N2 —s3*/V2 (sq—s9*ts,—51*)/2 —(5, +51*+59-$9*)/2 b) Giai ma STBC trong may thu. B6 gidi ma trac giao STBC [a giai ma t6i wu (maximum likelihood decoding) duge thre hign tai b6 thu véi qué trind xi I tuyén tinh, Anten thu Y BO BG két tich | hop 161 ii ma cita h¢ thing STBC. Nhim [am rd phurong php ma hod nay, mot hé théng lign lac khong day miu duge xay dung nhur sau: ‘Tai thoi diém ¢, tin higu 7’, nhdn tai anten j, duige cho boiz Lae+n! G.18) Trong 46 a, la d6 Igi dudng tir anten truyén dén anten nan j, ¢? 1a tin higu duge truyén tai anten i van’ la nhigu Gaussian tring céng (AWGN). Gia sir ring thong tin trang thai kénh 18 hoan hao, b6 thu s@ tinh 46 thong suét quyét dinh: Thong qua tit ci cdc tit ma : cle.cielehwctacleh! ‘Va quyét dinh chon tir ma thich hgp sao cho téng trén la nh nhat. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 48Chuong 3: KY THUAT MIMO. Vid Giai ma vi ma tn khdi trong mién sb the. G ik =) Se Ma tran 4x4 Ma tran 8x8 Trong ma tran ma hod, tin higu 6 cae hang sau la sw hodn vj cla hang dau tién voi sir thay d6i déu, Vi cdc ot cia ma trén trac giao vi nha timg d6i mot nén téng sb cdc nhanh duge rit gon dén mite nho nhat: ys, G19) Trong 46; o (be S feud '] (8.20) @%,,, li lign hop phite cha a, Gia tri S; chi phy thuge vao ki ty ma s, ki tw nbn fr/ }, hé sO duong {a,,}, va edu tric true giao cila ma tran, n la sé anten phat ny, mii anten thu m= ng. N6 cho phép tng trong cng thite (3.19) dat gid tri nhé nbit trong (3.20) v6i 1| upp eee (FFT Patt ™ Transmitter ova at FFT Tex + Receiver Hink 4.1: So dé phit va thu cia hg thing MIMO-OFDM. Ching ta xét hé théng STC-OFDM véi K séng mang con, ny anten phét vi ng anten thu. Téng bing thong ciia hé théng ki W Hz. Né duge chia thinh K bang con tring Ién nhau, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. SIChuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. 4.2.1. MIMO-OFDM Tx. 2x Sc di khi eta bp phe cia hg thing MIMO_OFDM. > Ludng dit ligu durge ma hod boi b} ma hod FEC. > Ludng dit ligu ma hod 46 duge anh xq qua b6 constellation bai b digu ché vv mi hod MIMO. > M6i ludng symbol dau ra tong img voi mot anten phat Tx va chiu sw xit li OFDM eta anten dé: “Chen thém chudi pilot vao, ‘idu ché boi bg IFFT. ‘%Cudi cing ludng dit ligu dugc chuyén dén IF/RE cho anten phat. 4.2.2. MIMO_OFDM Rx. won enuoay>uhs Aouonbayy v9 owt Hinh 4.3: So dé khbi cia 69 thu cia he thing MIMO_OFDM. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 52Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. >i tign, cée ing dt igu nh duge nt anten thu Rx duge ding be. %Sau 46 Preambles va CP duge téch ra tir luéng Rx nhan duge. Phan tin hhigu cdn Igi sau khi tch ra la mét ki ty OFDM ducge gid diéu ché bling b9 FFT. > Pilot tin s6 duge duge tich ra tir symbol OFDM gidi digu ché va duge sit dung cho vige wée hong kénh. Ma trin uée long kénh durgc thém vio trong bé gidi ma MIMO. > Cac symbol duge ting hop, gia diéu ché va gidi ma dé tao ra ludng dat liga phat ban dau, 4.23. Ci trie cia khung (frame) cia he théng MIMO-OFDM. are as zi z st |=. =a a 7 Hinh 4.4: Ci trie khung dit tifu MIMO-OFDM, Trong méi trrdng thei gian thye, frame 1 don vj van chuyén nh nhdt bao gom 10 khe. Mdi khe bao gm 1 khe preamble va 8 symbols OFDM. Preamble duge sit dyng cho myc dich dong bé théi gian. MGi OFDM symbol duge gan thém 1 CP. CP duge sit dung dé giam nhigu symbol ISI va edn bing kénh m@t eéch don gin hon, Mdi frame duge van chuyén qua séng mang phy (dinh thi pha, dinh thei tin s6 va ude hong tin sé offset), DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 53Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. 4.3. Phan tich hg théng MIMO-OFDM. 4.3.1. M6 hinh hg théng MIMO-OFDM. urong hong bang tin co s@ phire cia mot dip img xung kénh fadinh durge vidt duéi dang: hae Dewore-s) a1) Trong 46 a,(¢) 14 qui trinh Gaussian phite bang tan hep tinh wide_sense va duge gid sir de lap fa cde kénh khae nhau, Hon nita chiing ta gia sir ring ham tuong quan trong mién théi gian li giéng nhau cho tat ca cde dug truyén, dé la join lar) Oem Efe, (t +40) (9}= 42) Khong mat tinh tng quat, ching ta gia sit ring tong cong suat trung binh cia dap img xung kénh la mot don vi o} =e? =I 43) Cho hé thong MIMO-OFDM voi N, anten phat va N, anten thu (N,2N), tin hhigu nhin tai anten thu thirj trén song mang con k va khdi thie n e6 dang nur sau ailrsk]= SH bok bok] w, bk] 4) Cho FHNyesoy Ne VB K=Oye.oy KL Trong dé: bj[n,k] la ki tw durge truyén tir anten phat thir i trén sng mang thir k cita kh6i thin lnk] fa dip img tin s6 cia kénh trayén tr anten phat this i én anten thu thir tai sng mang thir k cia khOi n K 1a ting s6 séng mang ‘w)[n,k] fa nhigu Gaussian véi sw thay dip Bo qua sw tn hao, dap img tin sé kénh e6 thé duge viet hu sau: DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 34Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. Hi nk]= Hot, ay XA bois as) + Treva AF 1a chiéu dai ki Trong 6 hyfa.l} = hy(nTolt), Ko=[i't}. We tw cong khoang bao vé va khoang cach giita cae sng mang con, t, la chu ki lay mau, nd bling voi, 1, 1a 46 trai tr8 ti da, Kay Phuong trinh (4.4) co thé viét lai duréi dang ma tran nhw sau: font) = Hla kD + fn 6) 46) Trong dé: Hy) Hyslk]. Hyy Lk] ba] | Heylak] Hyglnk] Hyy lnk adnk]= | Hinkl= : xy [nk] Holm] Hy alk] oe Hyy lm Aloud] [ok] ont] = : by [nk] wy [nk] 4.3.2. Space-Time Block-Coded OFDM. 43.2.1. Hg théng STBC-OFDM. Ching ta xét he thing STC-OFDM véi K sag mang con 2 anten phit va.2 anten thu, Tng bang thong cia he théng la W Hz, Né duge chia thanh K bang con tring lén nhau. Gian 4d khdi cua hé théng durge cho nhw hinh 4.5. seh e pm bor pe oro [chant i saefef ters fe] Le srrste decoder ointcteaver ae Hinh 4.5: Mo hink h@ thing STBC-OFDM 2x2. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 55Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. TC: Turbo convolutional code. RS: Reed-Solomon code. ST : Space Time Trellis, STB : Space Time Block. ‘Tai mdi thoi digm t, mt khdi bit théng tin duuge ma hod dé phat ra mot tir ma khéng gian théi gian ma né bao gdm 2.M ki ty duge didu ché. Tir ma khdng gian- thai gian duge cho boii Trong dé hang thi i x’ oka i= 1,2 la day dlr figu cho anten phat thir i, Bé don gian chiing ta xét d6 dai tir ma bang sO song mang con OFDM, MEK. Ci tin higu x',), x',....Xhu ld OFDM duge diéu ché trén K séng mang con OFDM khée nhau va duoc truyén tir anten phat thi i déng thoi trong mor khung OFDM, trong dé xy urge truyén trén song mang con OFDM thit k Trong phan tich hogt dong, ching ta gid str khung va ki tw ding 6 giita truyen va nhan la li tuong. Mot kénh con duge lay mau boi fading Rayleigh. Tién inh fading xem nhu khéng 4éi trong khung OFDM. Gid sit ring kénh gitta cae anten khéc nhau la khéng tong quan véi nhau, 4.3.2.2. Bg phat STBC-OFDM. So dd khéi STBC-OFDM duge cho trong Hinh 4.5. Dang tin higu nhi phan duge diéu ché va anh xa thanh chudi kit phite. BO chuyén déi Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) M diém thyc hign trén timg dong dtr ligu néitigp. Ngo ra cha khéi IDFT 1a M mau tin higu trong mign thoi gian, tuong img véi mot khung OFDM. Dé trinh tie dng cia ahi aa xuyén ki ty, mot eyelic prefix (CP) véi chi v durge thém vio cée miu 6 ng ra, két qua li tao ra mt khung ¢6 chidu dai M+. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 56Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. Cée king OFDM duge truyén dBng thoi tr anten thir nhdt va anten th ha, nhu sau: + Khung OFDM thin: Anten 1: (X50)..XM =D) (shoots (ars Anten 2: (.420).X2(M=1)) "> (33 )008% “+ Khung OFDM this (+ 1): Anten 1: (X20). 2200-9) 5 (hapa nos Restart) Anten 2: (42 )..K7M-) "> (8, (Sacre inamtiana) ‘Trong 46 (.)" li chi dai lugng lién hop phife va n= 2u-1, u=1,2. Trong mé hinh, ching ta cho timg kénh tir hai anten phat dén anten nhan bling bé loc dip ting xung gidi han véi hé s6 nhé v. 4.3.2.3. BO thu STBC-OFDM. Tai bo thu, sau khi loc, cdc tin higu tai mdi anten thu duge, tién 16 duge loai bo trong mdi khung. Sau dé céic miu duge dia dén b6 giai digu ché OFDM. Tin higa ra cia b9 gid digu ch cho sag mang con thir k, K=1,2,..K; tal anten ohn duge che bai: a7) Trong 6 Hi, li dip ting tin sé kénh cho durimg truyén tir anten phat thir i dfn anten tha j trén kénh con OFDM thir thuge khung thir n, va N/, li ng ra gi DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 37Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. didu ché cua nhidu ti anten ais ca keh con thé k véi ming lugng phd cums dd Nej=2. Tin higu thu cia timg cap (Rj,.R,,,) s€ duge xir li gidng nhur trong hé théng, MIMO 4é thu durge tin higu X}(k) va X3(K). B6 1a (R!,,R.,,) 88 durge dura qua b6 két hgp 48 thu duge tin higu ude Iugng £1(K), £2(k), sau 46 dura qua b6 tach 161 tru dé téch ra tin higu X}(k) va 23() ‘Tin higu nhan duge tai anten thu: Ri WYK, + HEX2, + NI, (48) Rhgy = Holy Xhay tHE yA + Noy =H NE RL A tN (49) ‘BE thudn tign tinh toan, ta dat: Rs Rove Bigu thie trén ta c6 thé viét Iai nhur sau RU =H, X,+H,X, +N (4.10) Re Xia Hy, any Tin higu trén qua b6 két hgp ta duge: Eller AD (HGR +H RE Pea +HNE] 4.12) =¥ (11, R m,R)-¥|(\n,P +t) Xt HM Hy (4.13) DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 58Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. BO téch tdi wu sé cue tiéu d9 thong sudt quyét dink: Diana, xf fas en, x, x7 ') 4 ‘Thong qua tt ca cée gi tricia X,, X trong chom sao X. ‘Ta mé rong biéu thire trén, bo cde thanh phan doc lap vai cde tir ma, sip xép lai thi eye tigu bidu thite trén twong duong véi cue tidu biéu thite sau: SRI XE HR) HX, + RIG XS +R) HX, REX, (RY HX PRIME X, ROH, XD ala + OEE (4.15) Sip xép biéu thite cye tiéu dO thong sudt trén thanh hai phn: [RMX (RYH, X ARLE KROHN DS! 4.16) (4.16) 1a biéu the chi theo bin X;, DIRE X5 + (RYH, Xy REM, X, (REY, X14 LDH, G17) (4.17) la bidu thite theo bién X>. Vi vay eye tiéu bigu thite (4.14) la tong dong véi ewe tidu riéng ré hai biéu thite trén. Ta lan lugt thye hign cyc tiéu “do thong suot quyét dinh” nhur sau: [Sta cay.) -3 [Edhar (4.18) 8 giai ma X, [Stee -c90'n )L-x, egy ay dé giai ma Xy, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 59Chuong 4: KY THUAT MIMO-OFDM. Goi d°(x,y)=(s= 9)" =") = [xy], qui the quyét dinh cho méi tin higu 6 hop ¥, .j1.2 tr thanh: Chon X; néu va chi néu: (1-33 Jost oath aps (eS xf +(x ys View (4.20) } Trong 46 X; va Xa 2 ki ty thude chom sao ki ny ma phin ma hos da thye hur vay la ta da thu duge tin higu X: XX Két lua: ‘Trén day 1a mé hinh hg thing STBC_OFDM voi tae dng la Kénh fading Ira chon tan s6, BO thu thye hign mot n trinh xtr li duge hd try boi thugt todn Viterbi, mdi phan duge gan cho mét tan s6 rigng trong mé hinh OFDM. 4.4, Két Iudn chong. Trong chuong nay da tinh bay ky thudt MIMO-OFDM. Day li ky thudt dang duge tng dung trong nhiéu he 1g thong tin di dong vi né mé rong bang thong va ting te d6 di ligu len nhi MIMO-OFDM dang 1a co si cho chun IBEE 802.11n, day la chun méi cho he théng WIFI vita hd trq cée chuiin e@ vita 6 tinh nang wu vigt hon han, nhur hd tre |, néng cao chat Iugng tin higu. Hign nay, lign Iac gigng néi, trao déi hinh anh, video véi chat Iugng cao, MIMO-OFDM cén duge ap dung trong hg théng WIMAX, hign nay va trong mot tuong lai khong xa nita cOng nghé nay sé duge dp dung ring rai va dem gi cde tién 66 vugrt bie trong thong tin lin Tge khong dy eva nhan loi. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 60Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. Chuong 5 MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM VA DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. Gi6i thigu nt dung m6 phong. Trong phin mé phéng nay, thye hign dinh gid chét Ingng cia hé théng MIMO-OFDM thong qua so sinh ti 1g 18i bit (BER) theo ti s6 tin higu trén nhigu (SNR). Ta danh gia bang cach so si Ih vi hé thing OFDM, mét trong nhing hé théng c6 chat lrgng t6t nhat trong hé théng thong tin di déng hign nay. ‘Dé thuc hién so sénh ta xy dung 2 mé hinh hé thong MIMO-OFDM va hé théng OFDM. Tin higu truyén duge tao ngiu nhién, duge da vao khung va truyéa di voi dung long lin dé dam bao su danh gia e6 46 chinh xée cao. Cac bute m6 phong durge thye hign giéng véi thye 18. 6 may phai, ede bude ma hod, diéu ché, IFFT, ma hoa khing gian-thii gian doc m6 phong day dui va chi tiét. G may phat thi cée qua trinh nguge lai nhw giai didu ché, giai ma, ude hrong ain oye dai, thuat ton két hop cing durge hye hign mot eich chi sgt. Kenh truyén {hi anh hucmg eta cée tai tr, fading Rayleigh, nhigu gid ngiu nhign duge t9o ra dé gidng vei thye nha, Cudi ciing la két qué BER theo SNR cia hai hé théng duge vé trén cing mot iin d8 dé dB dang so sinh va thdy r0 ura diém eta hé théng MIMO-OFDM 5.2. Cée thong sé mé phéng. 1. Hg théng OFDM. 6 khung md phong — = 110 > S6 sng mang con 16 Dieu ché 4QAM; tuychon > Chigu dai FFT sI2 > S86 ki ny trén mot khung :6 DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 61Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. > Kich thuée CP 128 Bing thong hé thing: SMHz. SNR 05 3; 6595 125 15 5.2.2. H¢ thing MIMO-OFDM. M6 hinh m phong: Space time block code OFDM; 2 anten phat va 2 anten »S6 khung md phong —: 110 ySéséngmangeon +16 > Diéu ché 4QAM; tuy chon Chieu dai FFT 512 >S6 ki ty trén mot khung : 6 > Kich thude CP 128 Ying thong hé thing; SMHz SNR 053; 6; 9: 125 15 5.2.3. Thong s6 kénh truyés > Dap img tin s6 kénh (h,): duge tao ra ngdu nhién > Nhigu edng ngau nhién. Tin sé Doppler fi (Hz) :0; 10; 20; 30 ; tay chon FDO tr 18 ty, (US) 051 DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 62Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. 5.3. Laru d3 va sod} thugt toan cia churong trink m6 phong. 5.3.1. Truyén tin higu. Tin higu gde Mi hoa Trellis convolution Ghép xen Diéu ché Mi od khbi khong gian-thdi gian “Tharehign IFFT, bign di tin higu tir ign tn sang mién thei gian. Tin higu da digu ché duge truyén di 5.3.2. Kénh truydn. Tin higu tir anten phat Tao tde dng cua hign tung Doppler va trai tré tae dong cit nl Anten nhiin DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 63Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. ‘Anten nhan Thye hign FFT. Két hop tin higu Giai digu ché Giai ghép xen Giai ma trellis convolution Tinh BER cia hg théng OFDM ‘va STBC-MIMO-OFDM ‘Ve gian dé BER theo SNR cia ca hai he théng, So sinh va dénh gia chat hngng cae h thong DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 64Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. 5.3.4. Thugt toin tinh BER. begin k = SNR(begin) leng=length(s);berr=0si=0; Tin higu thu duge sau khi da xirlis*(i) Hates ban dau s(i) berberr+1 j False BER(k)=berr/leng; False DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 65Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG, 5.4. Két qui mé phéng va danh gid. Giao dign chinh cia chong trinh a) Trumg hop kénh truyén chura 06 te dng ca trai r& va rayleigh fading FHV Ft =O DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 66Chuong 5: LUQNG HE THONG. b) Tring hop c6 téc dong eta trai tré va Fading Rayleigh ae Trudmg hop >fd =10Hz Pty = dus ERAGRAM OF OF SYSTEN & STAC MO.OFOM SYSTEM mates) co oe > f-20Hz Plone = Tus ERMC OF OFDu S¥STEN x STAC MIMO OFM S¥STEM ometowmrt) gh DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 10 PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT 67Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. Tring hop: > fd-30Hz > tims = lus en ura OF oFDm SSN & THC mMO.OFDM SYSTEM Nha xt > Truyén tin higu 6 cing BER thi ky thugt MIMO-OFDM sir dung SNR thdp hon OFDM. Tir 46 c6 thé chimg minh cho nbn dinh, sir dyng ky thugt MIMO- OFDM chting ta diing cong suat phat thép hon ma cht Iwong lai cao hon. > Khi nhigu moi tnring ting, thi yéu cdu SNR ting, hay phai ting cng sudt ht. > SNR cing cao thi BER cing nho, Nhu vay khi phat v6i eng suat kim thi chat luong tin higu tt nhung yéu céw tiéu thy nang lugng ting nén gid thanh ting Vi vay cding ngiy, ngudi ta cing huong dén sir dung céc cong nghé trong théng tin dlidong ma co thé tray tin higu dng tn edly véi mite cong sult phat nho. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 68Chuong 5: MO PHONG HE THONG MIMO-OFDM & DANH GIA CHAT LUQNG HE THONG. 5.5. Két lugn chirong. Phin mo phong cdn hen ché la chwa thyte higa woe Ingng kénh, ma xem nhu phin uée Iugng la hoan hao. Tuy nhién v6i mye dich dénh gid chit hegng he théng thi mé hinh trén la chép nhin duge vi ta eiing xem phan wée wong kénh cia hé thong OFDM 1a hoan hao. Hé théng sit dung kY thudt OFDM cing 1a mot trong nnhiing hé théng chat long cao; dang va sé duge ap dung trong céc thé hé mang di dong méi nhir 3G va 4G. ‘Véi két qua nhan dugc, li trong hg théng thong tin di dng, KY thugt niy cho BER nhé véi SNR thap, No con t6t hon ca ky thuat OFDM, Biéu nay chimg 6 ky thudt nay con duge nghién ctu va Ap dyng trong tuong lai cho eae thé hé mang di dong sau nay. MA bude diu, MIMO-OFDM 4a duge tmg dung vio tigu chuin 802.11n trong WIFI, né da tgo ra sy mé réng bing théng vi cai thign chat lugng tin hhigu mot edch ding ké so véi cde tiéu chudin khde nade day, DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 6KET LUAN VA HUONG PHAT TRIEN DE TAI. KET LUAN VA HUONG PHAT TRIEN bE TAI. Dé tai “ KY thugt MIMO_OFDM™” da trinh bay mot cdch tng quan vé eéng ngh¢ MIMO_OFDM. Thang qua hé thing STBC_OFDM 2x2, cing 4a giéi thigu mot cach chi tiét vé céng nghg MIMO OFDM don gian. Trong dé tai con trinh bay vé ky thuat OFDM, MIMO, wie hrgng kénb. Hign nay, cdng nghé MIMO_OFDM da duge img dung vio chudn IEEE 802.1 1n trong hé théng WIFT va IEEE 802.16 trong hé théng WIMAX. Mae di bude uu con tong giai doan ting dung thir nghigm véi qui mé nhd nhung n6 di mang Iai nhig bude tién vugt bée trong Hnh vue thong tin di ding, nhur sye mo rOng bang thong, nang cao chét wgng tin higu trao di. Mang WIFI sir dung 802.1 In da trao di duge ede dt dung Iugng lin nhur am thanh, hin anh ma mang WIFI truée 6 khong thy hign durge. Dé tai da gidi thigu cdng nghg STBC_OFDM, céng nghé nay cho sy cai thign ding ké v chit lugng tin higu, Phat trién a8 ti nly, 6 thé nghign ciu thém cae hé thing MIMO OFDM véi s6 anten phat va thu ln hon; nhw hé thong 3x4, 4x4, 8x8,.,.Nhumg sé anten ting cing nay sinh van dé can giai quyét d6 la: sy phite tap trong bé thu tin higu, lim cho cée phép tinh e6 46 khé cao, thiét bi thi céng kénh, aid thinh cao. Tuy nhign gén day, véi cde phat minh b6 xit I tin higu s6 gid re, cée bo xit If da nang, cae thudt todn xr I tin higu méi, diéu nay s€ gidp thiée bi MIMO_OFDM gon ging hon va s€ duge dura vio ap dung réng rai trong thye 16 Voi nhimg wu diém vé mat kj thudt va sy h8 trg cia ede phat minh mi, cdng nghé MIMO_OFDM sé li m6t trong nhing cong nghé hang du sé duge ap dung trong hg théng thong tin di dong thé hg méi nhu NGN, 4G. DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 70THAM KHAO. ‘TAL LIEU THAM KHAO. [1] T.Phan Héng Phuong, KS.Lam Chi Thuong, “AF shugt phan tp anten trong cdi thign dung hegng h¢ théng MIMO”. [2] Pham Hang Lién, Dang Ngoc Khoa, Trin Thanh Phuong, “Marlab va dng dung trong Vién Théng”, Nha xuat ban Bai Hoc quéc gia thanh phd Hd Chi Minh-2006. [3] Ths Neuy€n Anh Tua hg thing MIMO va mt sé Incéng nghién cieu", bai béo trinh tai hoi nghi Khoa *hucong php ma héa khong gian thai gian trong cde hoe lan thie V1. [4] THS.Lé Van Ninh, TS.Nauyén Viet Kinh, “Béng 66 an sé trong mién tin sé cho OFDM”, bai bao khoa hoc. [5] Ths Nguy sthugt trong hg théng OFDM”, Tap chi bueu chinh Vin Thang vit Céng nghé thing tin, 291092003. in Nege Tin, “Med vdn dé [6] Brank Vucetic, Jinhong Yuan, John Wily& Son, “Space Time Coding”, 2003 (7) Lisa Meithac, Alian Chiodini, Clement Boudesocque, Crislin Lele, Anil Gercekei, “MIMO-OFDM modem for WLAN”- Newlogic Technology S.A.R.L, 0T- 2004 . [8] John R.Barry, “Broadband MIMO OFDM wireless communications”, 2004 [9] Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs’. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory : 744 765, July 1999. [10] Vahid Tarokh, A Robert Caldetbank, “Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Communications” 1 F journal on selected areas in communication, March 1999 DO AN TOT NGHIEP. 1PHY LUC. PHY LUC. CHUONG TRINH MATLAB THYC HIEN MO PHONG. 1) Chwong trinh chin function varargout = MIMO_OFDM(varargin) % MIMO_OFDM M-file for MIMO_OFDM. fig gui_Singleton = I; gui_State = struct(‘gui_Name’, ‘ et mfilename,.. ‘gui_Singleton', ingleton, ‘gui_OpeningFen’, @MIMO_OFDM_OpeningFer, ‘gui_OutputFen’, @MIMO_OFDM_OutputFen, . ‘gui_LayoutFen', [], .. ‘gui Callback’, []); % LAUNCH GUI fig = openfig(mfilename;reuse'); '% Use system color scheme for figure: set(fig, Color, get(0,defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor)); % Generate a structure of handles to pass to callbacks, and store it handles = guihandles(fig); guidata(fig, handles); ifnargout > 0 varargout{1} = fig: end elseif ischar(varargin {1}) try if (nargout) [varargout} I:nargout} = feval(varargin{:})s else feval(varargin {:}); % FEVAL switchyard end catch disp(lastern); end end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % — Executes just before MIMO_OFDM is made visible, % ~~ Executes on button press in start function varargout = start_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) Nfram I=str2double(get(handles. frames/String’)) M=str2double(get(handles.ff_size,'String’)) Nsub1=str2double(get(handles, Nsubcarriers, String’) Dopler_ireq1=stt2double(get(handles.f'String’)) SNR =eval(get(handles.snr/String’)) DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. M_qam!=str2double(get(handles. M,String’)): MI =M_gaml (get(handles.M,'Value),1) Delay!=str2double( get(handles.t_rms/String’) t_mmsl=Delay! (get(handles.t_rms,'Value’),1); Ystate=1 OFDM ; state=2:STBC_OFDM 2x2 fal = Dopler_freql;%6fa1:%20; % Doppler frequency in Hz t_ims= I;%t_rmsi;%I ; % Delay spread in mu s Nsub1:%16; % No. of sub-carriers in each sub-channel 1; % Link Adaptation Resolusion, useless here. Nfram1;%110; % Total No. of frames to be simulated 1/2; % Coding rate 1;%M-QAM misnr= SNRI(1);% minimum simulated SNR in dB stp = SNR12); % SNR simulation step mxsnr= SNR1I(end); % maximum simulated SNR in dB chnums = 1000; % No. of channel realizations, should be larger than the total simulated symbols (frames * 6) sampling_rate = 1.08; % over-sampling rate, 1.08 for wimax?, and 1.536 for 3gpp fg_offset = 0; % no Carrier-frequency offset fig_csi_err= 0; % no Channel state information error N= fft1%512; % FFT size & total No. of sub-carriers ep_1= 128; % CP length BW = 5e6; % system bandwidth, SMHz Naymbol = 6; % 6 symbols within each frame dimamel ='yynew!'; % where the result is stored dimame2 = 'yynew2", % where the result is stored allow_load_oldres = 1; % allow to load previous result Root_path =" % where the path starts addpath(./comm_funes'); DELAY=0; % no feedback delay stbe = 1; % usefull only for alamouti (MISO) T_Symbol = (N+ep_1/(BW*sampling_rate); % OFDM symbol duration sys = __{'SISOVMRCIx2"/AI2x1EGCIx2,/AS2x1'VALT2x2AS2x2)}; % supported MIMO schemes 1,2]; %Transmitter diversity branches [SIMO,MRC,MISO,EGC,MISO-AS] 1,2]; “Receiver diversity branches [SIMO,MRC,MISO,EGC,MISO-AS] r_n(statcl); _ %Specify transmitter diversity branches, E-n(statel); _Yespecity receiver diversity branches F_n(state2); DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. R_div2=R_n(state2); (chl ch2] = channelgenerator2(t_rms, fd,sampling_rate,N,cp_LBW,chnums + F_LA * Nsymbol + DELAY,T_divI*R_div1,T_div2*R_div2); %%%%%YNY%% NNN {WMMAYH NUNN NUU NNN UNM WM filename - ('f.num2str(fa),”_tnum2str(t_nns),”_N.num2str(subN),' L'snum2ste(F_LA). "M;num2str(M),'Fnum2str(round(10%edrt)),"_ Enum2sti(flg_csi_err),.. ‘c\mum2str(flg_offset),"D',num2str(DELAY)¥.mat dimamel = [Root_path,\dimame!]; filepathl = (dimame!_filename]; dimame2 = [Root_path,'’\dimame2]; filepath2 ~ [dimname2,/’filename}; ifallow_load_oldres && exist(filepath | file’) && exist(filepath2,'file'), oadfilepath)); Toad(filepath2); else LAMM ANHUNNMNNNNNNNNNNMG rdstate = 4831; snt_ix =0; ‘Num_grp=floor(NisubN); bblk_err_cnan(length(misnr:stp:mxsnr),floor(Nframe/F_LA).Num_grp); bit_err_u-nan(length(misnr:stp:mxsnr),floor(Nframe/F_LA),Num_gxp); bit_tot_u-nan(length(misnr-stp:mxsnr),floor(Nframe/F_LA),Num_grp); Dit_etr_c=nan(length(misnr:stp:mxsnr),floor(Nframe/F_LA),Num_gtp); bit_tot_e=nan(length(misnr:stp:mxsnr).floor(Nframe/F_LA).Num_grp); for snmisnr'stp:mxsnr YAU ANIN snr_ix=snr_ixt1; frame_ix=0; noisePowPerSubC = 1/10%(snr/10)/N; for la_ix=I:floor(Nfiame/F_LA) md = randint(,1,chnums) + 1; % randmize channel index for different LA intervals, avoid high time-correlation index = (md: md + F_LA * Nsymbol-l ) + DELAY; hl = chi (.index,:); h2 = ch2(:index.:): HI = fune_add_esi_err(hi.N,flg_csi_err); % add CSI error H2 = fume_add_esi_err(h2,N,flg_csi_err); % add CSI error [HI_comb,H1_LA.psI selectAntenna2(HI,N,subN,statel,T_div1); % tx antenna selection [H2_comb,H2_LA,ps2}-selectAntenna2(H2,N,subN,state2,T_div: DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. % tx antenna selection B=log2(M)tones(floor(N/subN),1); % loaded bits per sub-carrier PI = I/N/T_ divi fones(floor(N/subN),1); % power per subCarrier P2 = I/N/T_div2*ones(floor(N/subN),1); % power per subCarrier code_rate = edrt*ones(floor(N/subN),1); [T_modI ,T_mod2,T_sent,coded, intleav, factl fact2,real_len,raw_len.t] ‘T_mod_cod_intlv(N,subN,B,P1,P2,Nsymbol,code_rate,rdstate,T_divl,T_div2.pslp s2,statel,state2); % modulator & encoder & interleaver tflsnr_ixla_ix) = sum(B~=0)"F_LA;%length(find(B~=0))*F_LA; % should be N/subN * P_LA tb_u(snr_ix,la_ix)= sum(B)*subN*Nsymbol*F_LA; th_c(snr_ix.la_ix) = sum(raw_ten)*F_LA; ifstbi T_trans1=BT_alamouti(T_mod1,Nsymbol,statel ) %doan chuong trinh thuc hien MIMO }T_alamouti(T_mod2,Nsymbol,state2);, F_LAM%F_PA % frame index within each PA window - ix= frame_ix+ 1; index3 = ((af-1)*Nsymbol+I:nf*Nsymbob; h2_1=h1(,index3+DELAY,:); % only in the channel part, and combining part, no delay h2_2-h2(;,index3+DELAY,:); R_dfSI-BTR_ofdm(h2_1,Nyep_L.T_transI_snr,T_divl,R_divl,Nsymbol,flg_offtet d,BW,sampling_rate,noisePowPerSubC); % ofiim transiver R_df2“BTR_ofidm(h2_2,N,cp_L.T_trans2,snt,T_div2,R_div2,Nsymbol,flg_offset.f d,BW,sampling_rate,noisePowPerSubC); % ofim transiver H2_1 = HI_comb(:,index3DELAY,.); % here, use H at the receiver, no delay HR: if'stbe= 1, R_combi=BR_combiner(R_dfs1,H2_1,statel); R_comb2=BR_combiner(R_dfs2,H2_2,state2); end (bik_err_e(snr_ix,frame_ix,I:Num_grp),blk_tot_c(snr_ix,frame_ix,1-Num_grp).bit_ err_u(snt_ix,frame_ix,1Num_grp).bit_tot_u(snr_ix.frame_ix.I:Num_grp),bit_err_e - ix,LNum_grp)bit_tot_e(snt_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_gnp).wb_ul(sar_ix, ),avb_cl (snr_ix,frame_ix),tp_uul(snr_ix,frame_ix),tp_cc(snr_ix,frame_ix )awf ul (Snr_ix,frame_ix),wf_el(snr_ix,frame_ix)]... (2_comb(:,index3DELAY,:); DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. |_cod_intIv(N,subN,R_combl fact! B,rdstate,code_rate,real_len,t.coded,T_s leav); % de-interleaver & de-coder & de-modulator (bik_err_e(snr_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_grp),blk_tot_c(snr_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_grp)bit err_u(snr_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_grp),bit_tot_u(snr_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_grp),bit_ert_e (snr_ix,frame_ix,1:Num_grp)bit_tot_e(snr_ix,frame_ix,lNum_grp),wb_u2(snr_ix, frame_ix),wb_e2(snr_ix,frame_ix),tp_uu2(snr_ix,frame_ix),tp_cc2(snr_ix,frame_ix )wf_u2(snr_ix,frame_ix).wf ¢2(snt_ix,frame_ix)) R_mod_cod_intlv(N,subN,R_comb2,fact2,B,rdstate.code_rate,real_len,t.coded.T_s ent,intleav); % de-interleaver & de-coder & de-modulator end end disp((‘SNR= ';num2str(snt)/aB finished’); end 96% calculate results % truong hop statel=1 ber_el = sum(wb_cl,2)./sum(tb_¢,2)% avaible store ‘ber’ of OFDM %% save results if~exist(dimamel dir), mkdir(dimamel ); end; despl = [syst statel } filename}; savo(filepath I 'desp1'/ber_cl''misnr’'stp'’mxsnr' rms,/f''state1'yM'edrt'subN') %etruong hop state2=2 bber_c2 = sum(wb_c2,2)./sum(tb_c,2)%avaible store ‘ber’ of MIMO_OFDM. 9% save results if ~exist(dirmame2 dir), mkdin(dimame2), end: desp2 = [sys{state2} filename]; save(filepath2,‘desp2'/ber_c2'/misnr’stp',mxsnr't_rms',fa/state2’, 'edrt,/subN’) nd % plot results ogsnaseeenneneenfigure: Ohteneennnaseeaeinsensennnssnasonstsnnaascennnnseessensasnsennntes axes(handles.axes!) semilogy(misnr:stp:mxsnr,ber_¢1,'.r*,misnr:stpamxsnr,ber_¢2,"bs',tinewidth’,2); legend(OFDM Ix1'STBCOFDM 2x2'); DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. xlabel('SNR [4B]; ylabel(’BER’); set(handles.axesl ,"XminorTicl grid on clear all;cle; function MIMO_OFDM_OpeningFen(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) handles.output = hObject, % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles); function varargout = MIMO_OFDM_OutputFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) varargout{ 1} = handles output; function varargout = frames_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function frames. CreateFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) % See ISPC and COMPUTER. ifispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor, white’), else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0.{defaultUicontrolBackgroundCotor’); end function varargout = ft_size Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to ft_size (see GCBO) Executes during object creation, after setting all properties, function ff_size_CreateFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to fit_size (see GCBO) % See ISPC and COMPUTER. ifispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor, white’); else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0,{defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’); end function varargout = Nsubcarriers_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to Nsubcarriers (see GCBO) % Hints: get(hObject,'String’) returns contents of Nsubcarriers as text % —_ str2double(get(hObject, String’) retums contents of Nsubcarriers as a double % = Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function Nsubcarriers_CreateFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to subcarriers (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until afterall CreateFens called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % — See ISPC and COMPUTER itispe ‘on') DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. set(hObject, BackgroundColor white’) else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0.'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’); end function M_Caliback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % ~~ Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function M_CreateFen(hObject, evenidata, handles) itispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor’ white’); else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’); end function varargout ~ fd_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) function fa CreateFen( hObject, eventdata, handles) itispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor, white’; else set(hObject/ BackgroundColor, get(0,/defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor)); end function varargout = t_ms_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) function t rms _CreateFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) itispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor’ white’; else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0,{defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’); end function varargout = snr_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) function snr_CreateFen(hObject, evenidata, handles) if ispe set(hObject, BackgroundColor’ white’; else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0.'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’); end % ~~ Executes on selection change in M. function popupmenu2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) function popupmenu2_CreateFen(hObject, eventdata, handles) ifispe set(hObject,BackgroundColor’white’) else set(hObject, BackgroundColor, get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor)); end 2) Interleaving,Coding and Mod received signal function [T_mod1,T_mod2,T_sent,coded intleav,fact|,fact2,real_len,taw_len,t] = DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. ‘T_mod_cod_intIv(N,subN,B.P1,P2,Nsymbol,code_rate,rdstate,T_divl,T_div2,psl.p s2.statel,state2) T sent = cell(1,floor(N/subN)); coded inileav = cell(1,floor(N/subN));T_mod t= cell(1,floor(W/subN)); for k= I:floor(NisubN) Tens = subN*B(k)*Nsymbol; iffcode_rate(k) = 2/3&&mod(floor(lens*eode_rate(k)),2)-=0 raw_len(k) = floor(lens*code_rate(k))-1,%6lenh nay se rut gon chiew dai lens theo tilek else raw_Ien(Kk) = floor(lens*eode_rate(k)); -ell( 1 floor(N/subN)); (0; T_mod2 = []; randint(1,raw_len(}): Ts aw_bits:%edua mang "raw_bits” vao 1 vi tri "T_sent{k}" [coded {k},1{k} real_len(k)] = N_encoder(code_rate(k),raw_bits,lens);%ma hoa raw_bit theo trellis K=1/2 if length(coded {k})-0 intleav{k} = (J; modI = zeros(1,subN*Nsymbol); fact1(k) = 05 fact2(k else intleav {k}=randintrlv(coded {k} state); modl = qmodulator2(intleav {k},2°B(k)); factI(k) = sqrt(P1(K)/pv(mod!)):%P 1 la nang luong tren mot song mang con; pv la tinh gia tri trung binh fact2(k) = sqrt(P2(k)/pw(mod)); end tp = reshape(mod1 {J,subN); sap xep lai ma tran mod! thanh ma tran co subN cot mod mod? *factl(k): mod mod3 = mod3 *fact2(k); T_modl = [T_mod!;mod2}; T_mod? = [T_mod2;mod3}; End 3) Deinterleaving,decoding and demod received signal, function (bIk_ert_c.blk_tot_c,bit_err_u,bit_tot_u,bit_err_¢,bit_tot_c,bnum2_u,bmum2_¢,tpb_ u,tpb_c,fimum_u, frum _< DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. R_mod_cod_intlv(N,subN,R_comb, fact! B,rdstate,code_rate,real_len,{,coded,T_se ntintleay) fnum_u = zeros(1.floor(N/subN)); fhum_c = zeros(1,floor(NisubN)); blk_err_e=zeros({. floor(NisubN)); % stores whether the particular block is in error or not % if the block is in error, a'I' will be put in % the place, if itis not in error’0' will used. bik tot_c=zeros( | floor(N/subN)):2% whether the block is loaded or not bit_err_u-zeros({floor(N/subN)}: % stores the number of bits in error for uncoded % configuration, for each block bit_tot_u=zeros(|,floor(N/subN)); % total number of uncoded bits loaded in each block bit_err_c=zeros( | .floor(N/subN)); % stores the mamber of bits in error for coded % configuration, for each block ;er0s(,floor(N/subN)); % stores the total number of coded bits loaded in bit tot each block for k = I:floor(N/subN) % 1:512 % for each block tp = R_comb((k-1)*subN+1:k*subN,:).5 tp2 = tpl)"; if factl(k)~=0 1_dmd = qdemodulator(ip2/factl(&),2°B()); dintly-randdeintrlv(r_dmd,rdstate); %r_ded = BR_decode2(code_rate(k),dintlv(I:real_len(k).t(k)); + ded = BR_decode2(code_rate(k).dintlv( 1 :real_len(k)).41k}); ‘bnum2_u(k) = biterr(dintlv,coded {k}); % uncoded wrong bits ‘bnum2_(k) = biterr(r_ded,T_sent{k} ); % coded wrong bits Dik_tot_e(k)=blk_tot_e(k)# 15 % increase the count for the loaded blocks bit_tot_u(k}=bit_tot_u(k)Hengih(dintly):% bit tot_c{k)Hbit_tot_e(k)+length(r ded);% else 1_dd = []; dintly = (]; bbnum2_u(k) = 0; brum2_e(k) = 0; end tpb_u(k) = lengih(intleav{k}}); % throughput for uncoded, if'no error tpb_c(k) = length(T_sent{k}); % throughput for coded, if error if bnum2_u(k)>0 % with error firum_u(k) = fhum_u(k) +1; % fer * 1 {pb_utk) = 0; % throughput set to 0 end if bnum2_c(k)>0 % with error DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. fnum_e(k) = fium_e(k) +1; % fer + 1 Ipb_c(k) = 0; % throughput set to 0 end end % store data for each block bik_err_c=fium_c; % whether the block is in error or not, bit_err_u-bnum2_u;% total number of bits in error in each block for uncoded system bit_err_c=bnum?_¢;% total number of bits in error in each block for coded system 24% y¥'s new part bnum2_u=sum(bnum2_u); bbnum2_e = sum(bnum?2_e); tpb_u = sum(tpb_u); tpb_c=sum(tpb_¢}; finum_u = sum(finum_u): finum_c = sum(fnum_); 4) The multipath channel matrix generator Using rayleighchan function in MATLAB %~chnums is the number of channel realizations %4fd is the Doppler frequency Yodivn is the number of diversity branches %6t_mms is the delay spread in us %The output is matrix ch, for channel impulse respons %6clear all;close all; %ele; vobug fixed for AWGN function{ch1 ch2}=channelgenerator2(t_rms,fé,sampling_rate.N,ep_L.BW,chnums.¢ ivnl divn2) ift_rms==0 && fd =-0, chil = ones(1,chnums,divnl); ch2 = ones(1,chnums,divn2); else (Ch1=raych2(chnums*divn|fé,t_ms.sampling_rate,N,cp_1,BW); (Ch2=raych2(chnumms*divn?,fé,t_ms.sampling_rate,N,cp_.BW); for i-I:divnl hl (,i)=Ch1((ie1)*ehnums+1:i*chnums); save (sprintfch%dli).'ch'); end for i=I:divn2 ch2(;,3i)=Ch2(;,(i-1)*chnums+1:i*chnums);, Yesave (sprintft’ch%di).'ch’); end end DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. 5)SelectAnten2 function [H_comb,H_LA,ps}-selectAntenna2(H.N,subN,state,T_div) %H_comb = H(,DELAY + L:end,); ps =]; H_comb = Hs ps=[]; H_LA = squeeze(H(:,1,2); ©BT_alamouti %Alamouti-STBC scheme for MISO-Alamouti %oretum if not MISO system. %T_mod is the modulated signal %Nsymbol is the No. of symbols within each frame Yostate canbe 12,34 or 5, indicates different. systems (I=SISO,2=MRC,3=MISO,4-FGC,5=AS) function T_trans-BT_alamouti(T_mod,Nsymbol state) % if state=3 % ‘Ttrans=T_mod; % —retum; Ant0(,k:k+1) = [T_mod(:,k) -conj(T_mod(k+1))]: AntI(k:k+1) = [T_mod(;k+1) eonj(T_mod(:,k))]s end Tatrans(::,1)=Ant0;T_trans(;,,2)=Antl; else’ ‘T_trans = T_mod; End 7) BTR_ofdm %OFDM transiver plus channel °6B and P contains bits number and power for each subcarrier ch is the channel matrix, chnums is the No. of channel realizations °6N is the No. of subcarriers %T_div and R_div are transmitter/receiver diversity branches pn is the normalized noise power %%T_trans is the modulated signal (After Alamouti for MISO-Alamouti) %%ep_lis the length of CP %R_dif is the received signal, without CP HT is the freqneucy response of channel impulse response function [R_dfS}=BTR_ofdm(h2,N,cp_1,T_trans,snt,T_div,R_div.Nsymbol,flg_offset fa, BW ,sampling_rate,noisePowPerSubC) 26% offset part %BW = 506; % F_Sampling = BW*sampling_rate; DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. % T_Sampling = |/F_Sampling % T_Symbol = (N*ep_1)*T_Sampling; global use HPA_flg; /(BW*sampling_rate); (N+ep_I/(BW*sampling_rate); : % Simulation Including Carrier ofset t-0:T_Sampling:T_Symbol-T_Sampling; pi*2*pi* fl)’ pn=noisePowPerSubC:%1/10°(snt/10V’N; _%Noise power in fs = iff(T_trans.N,1): [Bs(N-ep_I+1:end,:)f9s]; fS1_before_P. % sdnt_lin_mean_beforHPA=(mean(sum (abst f51(1:N,:)).°2))"( pn); % if sdnr_lin_mean_beforHPA>0 % SNR_beforePowerAmp=0*loglO(sdnr_lin_mean_beforHPA); % Calculation of new SNR taking Backoff into account % else % — SNR_beforePowerAmp=nan; Yend % % PASS THROUGH THE HIGH POWER AMPLIFIER ifuse_HPA fig fS1_HPA =Rapps_model(fs1,");%Amplifying the signal with Rapps model else fsl_HPA =fs1; end f813 = zeros(N+ep_LNsymbol,T_div); {83 = zetos(N+ep_l,Nsymbol,_div); forrx = LR div for x= 1T_div for k=1:Nsymbol A813 ( k,te)=filter(h2(;k,(r%-1)*T_div ty), 1,fsl_HPAC,k,to) “offset; end end f53( 2x) = sum( 3.3) end % clear is noise=randin(size(f3))+i#randn(size(&3)); noisenoise/sqrt(pv(noise))*sqrt(pn)/sqri(N): splusn=fs3noise; rep=splusn(ep_1+1:end,. DO AN TOT NGHIEP.PHY LUC. R_AdB=£M(rep.N,1); 8)BR_combiner %Combine received signal %R_dfs is the output signal of FFT, without CP 6H is the channel frequency response Yostate canbe «12,3 or 4, indicates different systems (1=SISO,2-MRC,3=MISO,4-EGC) %R_comb will be demodulated later to recover the transmitted bits function R_comb=BR_combiner(R_dfs,H,state) [N.Nsymbol,R_div}-size(R_dfs); iftsta for k=1:Nsymbol R_comb(:.k)-R_dik(.k)/H(.K)s end R_comb(:k)=(conj(HI(s1)).*R_df8(,k)+H1(,2).*eonj(R_df&(;k+1))). "sealed; % R_comb(;k*1)(eonj(H1(,2))."_dG,k)> HI(1).*eonj(R_dfs(;k+1)))*scale4; [state 1:2:Nsymbol scale4=1 /sum(abs(squeeze(H(k,:)))."2,2)s 10=R_AfS(,k,1)5 11 =R_Adfs(k+1, 1); 12=R_Adf(;k,2)5 13 = R_AHKEKH2); hO = HGK,1); by (k,2)5 “k,3):h3 = HCA); R_comb(:.k) (conj(h0)."10 + hl.tconj(rl) + conj(h2).92 = 13.*eonj(r3))."Scaled;%lay du lieu thu giong alamouti 2x1 Rcomb(,k+1) = (conj(hl).*10 = h0.*conj(rl) + — conj(h3).* h2.*eonj(r3)).*seale; end end DO AN TOT NGHIEP.

Đồ Án Kỹ Thuật MIMO-OfDM, Luận Văn Tốt Nghiệp Đại Học, Thạc Sĩ, Đồ Án,Tiểu Luận Tốt Nghiệp

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Đồ Án Kỹ Thuật MIMO-OfDM, Luận Văn Tốt Nghiệp Đại Học, Thạc Sĩ, Đồ Án,Tiểu Luận Tốt Nghiệp

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