01 ACAT Equipment Selection 20080913 PDF

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.
com
" - 5 "
13 2551 3 3 ...

(2535) .813
(2551-2553)
(2544-2551)
Member ASHRAE, Vice President ASHRAE Thailand Chapter (2006-2008)
chakrapan.pw@gmail.com
Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com
(System Selection)
(Chiller)
(AHU & FCU)
(Cooling Tower)
(Pump)
(DX System or Direct Expansion

System)
(1-25 ) SPLIT TYPE
(3-30 )
(Chilled Water System)

(50-200 )
(200-1500 )
1 = 12000 BTU/h
= 3.52 kW
Condenser
Expansion
Valve
Compressor
Evaporator
Condenser
Evaporator
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Packaged Water-Cooled

CDU
Cooling Tower
(
)

Cooling Tower


Cooling Tower
(System Selection)
(Chiller)
(AHU & FCU)
(Cooling Tower)
(Pump)
CAPACITY RANGE
CARRIER
TRANE
YORK
Capacity , Ton
Capacity , Ton
Capacity , Ton
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Scroll
85
100
NA
NA
Reciprocate
24
248
NA
NA
NA
NA
Screw
67
367
60
400
170
365
Centrifugal
300
1,500
250
3,000
250
3,000
Scroll
11
217
2.5
60
20
135
Reciprocate
51
450
NA
NA
58
447
Screw
76
460
60
400
90
450
Centrifugal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chiller Type
Water-cooled
Air-cooled
NOTES:
Rated Condition
Chilled water : 45/55 F
Condenser water : 90/100F
Condenser air inlet : 95 F
As of 5-Sep-08

sum peak

sum peak diversity factor = 60-80%

(/)
1000

1,000 + 1,000
500 + 500 + 500
500 + 500 + 250 + 250

..2538
... (..2551)
6.1
EER (BTU/h/W)
kW/RT
3,500 (0.995 )
9.62
1.25
3,500 17,600 (5.00 )
9.62
1.25
17,600 (5.00 )
8.74
1.37
()
13.62
0.88
()
: EER

6.2
COP
kW/RT
- 351.7 (100 )
2.70
1.30
- 351.7 (100 )
2.93
1.20
- 527.5 (150 )
3.91
0.90
- 527.5 703.3 (200 )
4.69
0.75
- 703.3 879.2 (250 )
5.25
0.67
- 879.2 1,758.3 (500 )
5.40
0.65
- 1,758.3 (500 )
5.67
0.62
(Absorption)
- Single Effect ()
0.70
- Double Effect ()
1.20
: Input
COP
Input COP
6.3
35
26.7
19.4
32.2
37.8
12.8
7.2
Part Load Efficiency

R-123
R-134a

R-134a

R-22
R-407c
R-410a
ASHRAE 34
R-123 "B1"
R-134a
"A1"
R-134a
R-123
R-123
Ozone depletion potential
Global warming potential
R-134a
Ozone depletion potential
Global warming potential
= 0.02
= 93
=0
= 1300
ODP
versus
Ozone Depletion
GWP
Global Warming Potential
CFC-11
12
113
114
115
HCFC-22
123
124
141b
142b
HFC-32
125
134a
143a
152a
227ea
236fa
245fa
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
ODP (relative to R-11)
0.0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

GWP (relative to CO2)
J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, Refrigerant Data Summary, Engineered Systems,

18(11):74-88, November 2001 (based on 1998 WMO and 2001 IPCC assessments)
JMC 2001
Acceleration Phase out per

United Nations Environment Program
(Maintain Same Final Schedule at 2040)
R-123
Life Cycle Cost
Overall Life Cycle Cost for All Chiller (20 years)
Electrical
89.6%
Chiller & Maintenance
10.4%
Refrigerant * (Adding
Charge)
0.1%
45/55 F (Temp Diff. = 10 F)

42-57 (Temp Diff. = 15 F)
44-56 (Temp Diff. = 12 F)

90/100 F (Temp Diff. = 10 F)

90 F
100 F

20-30%

()

Variable chilled-water flow

evaporator
minimum flow
60-70%
(rate of change)

10%
LEED RATING SYSTEM
Prerequisite EA 2, Minimum Energy Performance, requires that projects

comply with the mandatory provisions and with either the prescriptive or
performance requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004. LEED-NC Version 2.2 uses
the 2004 edition of the ASHRAE/IESNA standard, without amendments, as its basis
for compliance. Mandatory requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004 include
minimum efficiency of equipment, motors, controls, and HVAC system construction
and insulation.
Prerequisite EA 3, Fundamental Refrigerant Management, requires that new
HVAC equipment not use chlorofluorocarbon-based (CFC) refrigerants.
Credit EA 1, Optimize Energy Performance, awards up to 10 points for a
building's energy-cost savings in excess of Prerequisite EA 2. Consider specifying
premium efficiency chillers. The energy cost saved can be accumulated with other
energy-cost savings to obtain credits.
Credit EA 4, Enhanced Refrigerant Management, awards one point for
equipment using refrigerants that reduce ozone depletion potential and that support
early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to
global warming. The credit requires that calculations be submitted to justify that the
refrigerant selected meets the requirements set by a formula that establishes the
maximum threshold for the combined contributions of ozone depletion potential,
global warming potential, and refrigerant leakage rate.
3 U.S.Gallon per ton

/

150 PSI :
300 PSI :

80-180
180
Heat exchanger
Water box
Standard Type
Marine Type
Tube

Standard Type
Marine Type
WATER BOX
Standard Type
Marine Type
Drive
Direct-drive, hermetic
Gear-drive, hermetic
Gear-drive, open
Fouling Factor (ARI Standard Rating)

Condenser
0.00025 h.ft2.F/Btu
0.000044 m2.C/W
Evaporator
0.0001 h.ft2.F/Btu
0.00008 m2.C/W
Air-cooled chiller
AIR-COOLED CHILLER
EXAMPLE OF CHILLER SCHEDULE
(System Selection)
(Chiller)
(AHU & FCU)
(Cooling Tower)
(Pump)
(AHU & FCU)
Damper
Casing
Coil
Fan
Motor
Mixing Box
Filter
Drain Pan
Base
Plate
Spring
500 fpm (2.5 m/s)

(carry-over) pressure drop
()

Entering/Leaving Condition
3-4 Row
Outdoor Air Unit : 8-10 Row
Row
)
: 300-350 FPM
Row : 6-8 Rows
Centrifugal Forward curve

Centrifugal Backward curve

total
static pressure 3

Axial

Silencer
Applications of centrifugal and axial fans used in modular indoor

central-station air-handling units are as follows:
Airfoil centrifugal fans are used in general applications but are typically
applied only to large systems if the savings in power are significant.
These fans can be used on low-, medium-, and high-pressure systems.
Backward-inclined centrifugal fans are used in the same applications as
airfoil fans and have slightly lower peak efficiency.
Forward-curved centrifugal fans are used in low-pressure applications.
Plug fans are centrifugal fans without a scroll or housing inserted in a
plenum.
Tubeaxial fans are used in low- and medium-pressure ducted
applications where air distribution on the downstream side is not
critical.
Vaneaxial fans are used in low-, medium-, and high-pressure
applications where straight-through flow and compact installation are
required. Air distribution on the downstream side is good. These fans
are more compact than comparable centrifugal-type fans for the same
duty.
Aluminum Filter

25% Dust-spot
Front load
Slide

Initial Final
pressure
(Casing)

50 mm
50 mm
Neoprene
(Single Skin)

50 mm
50 mm

(Double Skin)
Galvanized Stainless Steel Sheet

1:50

50 mm

AHU
(in the air stream)

AHU
(out of the air stream)

AHU Return chamber
, ,

10 m/s (2000
fpm)
FCU
FCU
Water Temperature Rise (Degree F)
TH
SH
TH = Total Heat, MBH

SH = Sensible Heat, MBH
TH
SH
TH
SH
TH
SH
TH
SH
TH
SH
FCU
FCU
AHU
AHU
AHU
(System Selection)
(Chiller)
(AHU & FCU)
(Cooling Tower)
(Pump)
Cross flow V.S. Counter Flow
Belt V.S. Gear Driven

Motor in or out of air steam
Drift loss

1.25
3 GPM/Ton 10 F

(wet bulb)
Approach (to the wet bulb)
Range
100 F
Range = 100-90
= 10 F
90 F
83 F
Approach
= 90-83
=7F
Definition
Approach is defined as the difference between the cooling tower leaving-water
temperature and the entering-air wet-bulb temperature. An industry standard default

is 7 deg F (4 deg C) and is based on 85 deg F (29 deg C) leaving-water temperature
and 78 deg F (26 deg C) air wet-bulb temperature. With all other conditions the
same, if the leaving-water temperature is reduced, the approach is reduced and the
cooling tower size and energy consumption will usually increase. A benefit to
reducing the leaving-water temperature and approach is that electric-motor-driven,
water-cooled chillers will operate at a lower head pressure, require less work, and
consume less electric power. In some cases, by selecting a lower approach, the firstcost premium of a larger cooling tower with an increased motor size and power
consumption is more than offset by chiller savings.
Range is defined as the temperature difference between the water entering and
leaving the cooling tower. An industry-standard default is 10 deg F (6 deg C) and is
based on 95 deg F (35 deg C) entering-water temperature and 85 deg F (29 deg C)
leaving-water temperature. A similar discussion to approach also applies to range.
With all other conditions the same, if the entering-water temperature is reduced, the
range is reduced, the cooling tower size and energy consumption usually increases,
the flow rate will increase, and the pipe size and pumping requirements can also
increase. These increases need to be compared to the impact on the chiller.
Conversely, increasing the range could reduce the size and power requirements of
the cooling tower, pipe size, and pump requirements.
Counter Flow ()

Cross Flow ()

CROSS FLOW
COUNTER FLOW
(Equalization)

(Equalizer)

, , ,


FRP

Fire-protection requirements for cooling towers vary by

authorities having jurisdiction. Some authorities having jurisdiction
have stringent requirements for fire protection of cooling towers.
Some insurance underwriters have similar requirements.
Requirements may dictate special construction or the installation of
field-installed, fire-protection systems for the cooling tower. Consult
authorities having jurisdiction and insurance underwriters to
determine Project requirements. Some cooling tower manufacturers
offer FMG-approved cooling tower construction to meet special
requirements for fire protection. Consult the manufacturers for
limitations.

( )

()


2 2

(VSD)


(Legionella)
(Legionnaires disease)
DRIFT
Drift
Drift Eliminator

( 100%
)
Drift eliminator

0.0005%
0.005%

Cross flow V.S. Counter Flow

Cross flow

Cross flow
Cross flow
Gear V.S. Belt Driven

Gear
Gear
Gear

Motor in or out of air steam

Casing FRP
Hot dip galvanize steel
FRP

83 F

= Wet bulb + Approach = 83+7
=90 F
Approach 7 F
(
)

=
+ range =
90+10=100 F
range 10 F

83-90-100
(System Selection)
(Chiller)
(AHU & FCU)
(Cooling Tower)
(Pump)
End suction V.S. Split case

Horizontal Mounted V.S. Vertical Mounted
split case
Horizontal V.S. Vertical Split case
Mechanical V.S. Packing seal
Efficiency
VSD
Motor selection
End Suction on Base Plate
Vertical In-Line
END SUCTION
Double Suction, Split Case,

Horizontal Mounted

Vertical Mounted
End Suction

Horizontal Mounted

Vertical Mounted

Horizontal Mounted
Pump Construction
Casing: Horizontally split, cast iron, with replaceable
bronze wear rings, threaded gage tappings at inlet and
outlet, drain plug at bottom and air vent at top of volute,
and ASME B16.1, Class 125 flanges
Impeller: ASTM B 584, cast bronze; statically and
dynamically balanced, and keyed to shaft. Trim impeller
to match specified performance.
Pump Shaft: Stainless steel.
Mechanical Seal: Carbon rotating ring against a
ceramic seat held by a stainless-steel spring, and Buna-N
bellows and gasket.
Pump Bearings: Grease-lubricated ball bearings
contained in cast-iron housing with grease fittings.
Packed or Mechanical Seals

Mechanical seals

Packed seals

VSD

Non-overloading
BHP
(Pump Curve)
= 120% BHP
TYPICAL PUMP CURVE

100
= 90%
72
2400
100
= 60%
100
2400
= 84%
33
90
1200
= 86%
32
90
1200

Chakrapan Pawangkarat
16

(Sustainable Building)
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

.. 2535
(www.eec.co.th) .. 2535

(2546-2551), Member
ASHRAE, Vice President ASHRAE Thailand Chapter (2006-2008),
... (2551-2553)
.813

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Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

(DX System or Direct Expansion

(Chilled Water System)

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

3,500 17,600 (5.00 )

- 527.5 703.3 (200 )

- 703.3 879.2 (250 )

- 879.2 1,758.3 (500 )

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Part Load Efficiency

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Part Load Efficiency

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Part Load Efficiency

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Part Load Efficiency

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

ODP (relative to R-11)

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, Refrigerant Data Summary, Engineered Systems,

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Acceleration Phase out per

(Maintain Same Final Schedule at 2040)

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Life Cycle Cost

Overall Life Cycle Cost for All Chiller (20 years)

Chiller & Maintenance

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

45/55 F (Temp Diff. = 10 F)

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

90/100 F (Temp Diff. = 10 F)

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com

Variable chilled-water flow

Prepared by Chakrapan Pawangkarat, chakrapan.pw@gmail.com