Infection Control Chart

Airborne droplets and skin
lesions
Feces
Airborne and Contact

Precautions
Contact Isolation
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Clostridium difficile
enterocolitis
Respiratory secretions
Contact Precautions (for

infants and young children
only).
Bronchiolitis
Duration of illness-until
symptom free
Until all lesions are crusted (at

least 5 days after onset of
lesions).
symptom free. If respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) antigen
positive, refer to RSV.
Susceptible persons should not

enter the room. Persons immune
from previous varicella infection
may enter the room without a
mask. Those immune by
vaccination should wear a mask
when entering the room. A
specially vented room is
necessary. The door to the
clients room should remain
closed. The client must wear a
mask when leaving their room.
Susceptible clients who have been
exposed should be placed on
Airborne Precautions beginning
10 days after exposure and
continuing through day 21 after
last exposure (up to 28 days if
VZIG has been given). Clients
are considered infectious 2 days
before onset of rash and up to 5
days after onset of lesions. After
exposure, use varicella zoster
immune globulin (VSIZ) as
recommended by Infectious
Diseases Service.
Various etiologic agents have

been associated with this
syndrome, i.e., respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV),
parainfluenza viruses,
adenoviruses, influenza viruses.
All clients admitted to the hospital automatically are considered to be on standard precautions. The diseases listed below require standard precautions plus additional
precautions that are noted in the isolation/precaution column.
Infection/Condition
Isolation/Precautions
Infective Material
Duration of Isolation
Comments
Amebiasis (Entamoeba
histolytica)
Contact Precautions
Feces
Dysentery
symptom free.
Feces
Droplet Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Contact Precautions
Epiglottitis
Escherichia coli
gastroenteritis
(enteropathogenic,
enterotoxigenic,
enteroinvasive,
enterohemorrhagic)
Pharyngeal
Wound drainage
Contact Precautions
Wound drainage
Contact Isolation
Diphtheria
Cutaneous
Eye drainage
Contact Isolation
Conjunctivitis, viral (acute

hemorrhagic)
Decubitus ulcer, infected,
major
Infective Material
Droplet Precautions
(for infants and young
children only).
Infection/Condition
Common cold
Until cultures are negative for

Corynebacterium diphtheriae on
two separate days. Collect
cultures > 24 hours apart and not
sooner than 24 hours after the
last dose of antibiotics.
Until 24 hours after start of
effective therapy.
Until cultures from infected sites

are negative for
Corynebacterium diphtheriae on
two separate days. Collect
cultures > 24 hours apart and not
sooner than 24 hours after the
last dose of antibiotics.
symptom free.
Depends on the extent and
condition of the ulcer.
symptom free.
Epiglottis is often due to

Haemophilus influenzae.
Treatment for both systemic
infection and carrier state is
needed. For recommendations
regarding prophylaxis after
exposure, call Infectious Diseases
Service (for clients and family)
and Occupational Health (for
employees).
Major: No dressing or dressing

does not adequately contain
drainage.
Comments
Rhinoviruses are most frequently
associated with the common cold.
Infection is usually mild in adults,
but may be severe in infants and
young children. Other etiologic
agents such as respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) and
parainfluenza viruses may also
cause this syndrome.
Pneumonia
Droplet Precautions (for

only).
Droplet Precautions
Meningitis
Contact Precautions (does not

require room with negative
pressure and external
exhaust)
Respiratory secretions and

urine

urine
Droplet Precautions (does not

exhaust)
Droplet Precautions
Congenital rubella
Infective Material
Droplet Precautions
Haemophilus influenzae,
invasive
Epiglottitis
Infection/Condition
Fifths Disease/Erythema
Infectiosum (Parvovirus
B19)
German Measles
Rubella

effective therapy.

effective therapy.

effective therapy.
Isolation is required during any

admission for the first year after
birth, unless nasopharyngeal and
urine cultures after 3 months of
age are negative for rubella
Until onset of rash (not
considered infectious after
appearance of rash).
For 7 days after onset of rash.

and Occupational health (for
employees).

and Occupational health (for
employees).

employees).

by vaccination or natural illness
mask. Susceptible clients who
have been exposed should be
placed on Droplet Precautions
beginning 7 days after exposure
and continuing through day 21
after last exposure. Clients are
considered infectious a few days
before to7 days after onset of
rash.
Comments
Neonatal
Impetigo
Herpes zoster (Shingles)

Disseminated
Herpes simplex
Mucocutaneous
Disseminated severe or
primary
Hepatitis, viral
Type A
Infection/Condition
Hand, foot, and mouth
disease
Lesion and respiratory

secretions
Lesions
Contact Precautions
Lesion secretions
Feces
Infective Material
feces

Precautions
Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions

diapered or incontinent
clients)
Contact Precautions
For 24 hours after start of

effective antibiotic therapy.
Duration of -until all lesions are

crusted.
Until lesions dry and crusted
symptom free.
Duration of illness
For 7 days after onset.
Clients who have been exposed

should be managed in
consultation with Infection
Control.
Persons susceptible to varicella

should not enter the room.
Comments
Droplet Precautions
Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions (use a

monitored room with
negative pressure and
external exhaust)
Infection/Condition
Influenza
Lice (pediculosis)
Measles (rubeola, red

measles)
Infested area
Infective Material

For immunocompromised
patients, maintain precautions
for duration of illness.
Until effective treatment has

been completed and room/
personal items adequately
disinfected.
symptom free.
Comments
In the absence of an epidemic,
influenza may be difficult to
diagnose on clinical grounds.
During epidemics, the accuracy of
diagnosis increases. Cohorting of
clients may be considered during
periods of high census.
Immunization is strongly
encouraged for health care
providers and clients at risk for
serious complications. Contact
Infectious Diseases Service for
recommendations regarding the
use of prophylaxis for nonimmunized persons.
Employees with direct contact
should be examined for
infestation. Clothing and bedding
may be disinfected by machine
washing and drying *use hot
cycles). Dry cleaning or storing
items in a plastic bag for 10 days
is also effective. Use of an
environmental insecticide is not
needed.
Promptly notify Infection
Control. Susceptible persons
should stay out of the room. All
other persons should wear a mask
upon entry. A specially vented
room is necessary. The client
must wear a mask when leaving
the room. The door to the clients
room should remain closed.
Airborne Precautions beginning 5
days after exposure and
last exposure. Clients are
considered infectious 4 days
before to 4 days after onset of
rash.
Droplet Precautions
Meningococcemia
(meningococcal sepsis)
(Neisseria meningitidis)

effective therapy.

effective therapy.
Treatment for both system

exposure, call infectious Diseases
employees).
Treatment for both system

exposure, call infectious Diseases
employees).
Enteroviruses are the most

common cause of aseptic
meningitis.
symptoms free.
Feces

only

employees).

effective therapy.
Droplet Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Viral (aseptic or
nonbacterial)
Comments
employees).
effective therapy.
Infective Material
Droplet Precautions
Meningococcal pneumonia
Neisseria meningitis
(meningococcal), known
or suspected
Infection/Condition
Meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae,
known or suspected
Plague
Pneumonic
Pharyngitis
Parvovirus B19
Fifth disease
(erythema
infectiosum)
Vancomycin-resistant
enterococcus (VRE)
Mumps
Infection/Condition
Multi Drug Resistant
Organisms (MDRO)
Methicillin-resistant
Staph. Aureus (MRSA)
infection or colonization
Droplet Precautions

only)

require a room with negative
exhaust)
Wound drainage and/or

secretions/excretions from
colonized/infected sites.
Contact Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Infective Material
Wound drainage and/or
secretions/excretions from
colonized/infected sites
Contact Precautions

effective therapy
Until onset of rash occurs (not

considered infectious after
appearance of rash).
For 9 days after onset of

swelling.
Until 2 cultures obtained after
completion of antibiotic
treatment are negative on 2
separate days, from all
previously colonized/infected
sites (including nasal
colonization, if applicable).
If client requires transport, must

have mask on.
Pregnant healthcare workers are

not excluded from contact with
clients, but must comply with
Droplet Precautions.
Susceptible personnel who have

been exposed should be excluded
from work from the 12th day after
exposure through the 26th day
after exposure, or if symptoms
develop until 9 days after the
onset of parotitis.
Comments
Previously positive clients must
be placed on Contact Precautions
when readmitted to the hospital
until repeat cultures are negative
as per criteria under Duration of
Isolation.
Feces
Droplet Precautions
Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions
Haemophilus influenzae
Herpes simplex
Meningococcal
Respiratory syncytial virus

(RSV) infection or suspected
Rotavirus infection
Droplet Precautions

only)

only). Use Contact
Precautions during RSV
season, during an RSV
outbreak, or if RSV is in the
diagnostic differential.
Resume Droplet Precautions
if RSV is ruled out.
Etiology unknown

only)
Duration of illness and stool

study negative for rotavirus on 2
separate days.
Until symptom free and

nasopharyngeal antigen test is
negative for RSV (at least 1
week after positive test) on 2
consecutive days.

effective therapy.
symptom free

effective therapy.
symptom free. If respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) antigen
positive, refer to RSV.
symptom free.
symptom free.

feces
Droplet and Contact

Precautions (for infants and
young children only)
Bacterial not listed

elsewhere (including
gram-negative bacteria)
Infective Material
Infection/Condition
Pneumonia
Adenovirus
To avoid the possibility of falsenegative test results, the calgi

swab method should be used to
obtain nasopharyngeal specimens.
Comments
Congenital Rubella
Scabies
SARS (Severe Acute

Respiratory Syndrome)
Infection/Condition
Rubella
German Measles
Infested area

effective therapy and room/
personal items adequately
disinfected.
Employee with direct contact

should be examined for
infestation. Clothing and bedding
may be disinfected by machine
washing and drying (use hot
cycles). Dry cleaning or storing
items in a plastic bag for 10 days
is also effective. Use of an
environmental insecticide is not
needed.

mask. Susceptible clients who
have been exposed should be
placed on Droplet Precautions
beginning 7 days after exposure
and continuing through day 21
after last exposure. Clients are
rash.
Isolation is required during any
admission for the first year after
birth, unless nasopharyngeal and
urine cultures after 3 months of
age are negative for rubella.
Contact Precautions (does not

exhaust)
Respiratory droplets

mask. The client must wear a
mask when leaving the room.
Droplet Precautions beginning 7
days after exposure and
last exposure. Clients are
rash.

exhaust)

Precautions with goggles
over eyes
Contact Precautions
Comments
Infective Material
Syphilis
Skin and mucous
membrane, including
congenital, primary, and
secondary
Smallpox
Shingles (Herpes zoster)

Disseminated
Infection/Condition
Scarlet fever
Lesion secretions, blood, body

fluids
Large and small respiratory

droplets, skin lesions,
secretions.

Precautions
(strict gown/glove)
Contact Precautions
Lesion secretions
Infective Material

Precautions (use a monitored
room with negative pressure
and external exhaust)
only)

effective therapy.
Onset of rash to separation of

scabs (approximately 3 weeks)
Duration of illness until all

lesions are crusted.
For 24 hours after effective
therapy.
Private rooms preferred. In event

of large outbreak, clients with
same diagnosis can share
respiratory isolation room.
Limit client transport, if
necessary, client wears mask.
Persons susceptible to varicella

should not enter the room.
Persons immune from prior
natural illness or vaccination may
enter without a mask. The door
to the clients room should remain
closed and the client must wear a
mask when leaving. Susceptible
clients who have been exposed
should be managed in
consultation with Infection
Control. Clients are considered
infectious 2 days before onset of
rash and up to 5 days after onset
of lesions.
Comments
10
Droplet Precautions
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Feces
Airborne droplet nuclei
Airborne Precautions (use a

monitored room with
negative pressure and
external exhaust)

diapered and incontinent
children)
Infective Material
Typhoid fever (Salmonella

typhi)
Infection/Condition
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary, confirmed or
suspected (sputum smear
is AFB positive and/or
chest x-ray appearance
strongly suggests active
TB, i.e., cavitary lesions;
or laryngeal.
For 7 days after start of effective

therapy.
symptom free.
For recommendations regarding

prophylaxis after exposure, call
Infectious Diseases Service (for
clients and family) and
Occupational Health (for
employees).
A specially vented room is

necessary. The door to the
patients room should remain
closed. Persons entering the
room should wear specially fitted
NIOSH approved respiratory
protection. The client should
leave the room only for essential
purposes, particularly if the client
has multidrug-resistant TB.
When leaving the room, the client
should wear a high-filtration
surgical mask; for mechanicallysupported ventilation, add a
bacterial filter to filter the client'
exhaled air.
Comments
11

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Infection Control Chart

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Airborne droplets and skin

Airborne and Contact

Contact Precautions (for

Until all lesions are crusted (at

Susceptible persons should not

Various etiologic agents have

Conjunctivitis, viral (acute

Until cultures are negative for

Until cultures from infected sites

Epiglottis is often due to

Major: No dressing or dressing

Droplet Precautions (for

Contact Precautions (does not

Respiratory secretions and

Respiratory secretions and

Droplet Precautions (does not

Until 24 hours after start of

Until 24 hours after start of

Until 24 hours after start of

Isolation is required during any

Treatment for both systemic

Treatment for both systemic

Treatment for both systemic

Susceptible persons should not

Herpes zoster (Shingles)

Lesion and respiratory

Airborne and Contact

Contact Precautions (for

For 24 hours after start of

Duration of -until all lesions are

Until lesions dry and crusted

Clients who have been exposed

Persons susceptible to varicella

Airborne Precautions (use a

Measles (rubeola, red

For 4 days after onset of rash.

Until effective treatment has

Until 24 hours after start of

Until 24 hours after start of

Treatment for both system

Treatment for both system

Enteroviruses are the most

Contact Precautions (for

Treatment for both systemic

Until 24 hours after start of

Droplet Precautions (for

Droplet Precautions (does not

Wound drainage and/or

Until 24 hours after start of

Until onset of rash occurs (not

For 9 days after onset of

If client requires transport, must

Pregnant healthcare workers are

Susceptible personnel who have

Respiratory syncytial virus

Droplet Precautions (for

Droplet Precautions (for

Droplet Precautions (for

Duration of illness and stool

Until symptom free and

Until 24 hours after start of

Until 24 hours after start of

Respiratory secretions and

Droplet and Contact