BO CO THC TP

Cng ty: Cng ty TNHH in t Vin

thng i Dng
Ngi hng dn:Nguyn Minh Qu
Gio vin hng dn:Trn Tn Nhn
Sinh vin :L Tn Thnh
Lp :D11CQVT01_N
MSSV:N112101053

Tng quan
Mch khuch i cng sut siu cao tn l 1 trong nhng
mch c bn v quan trng trong h thng truyn tin siu cao
tn, vi hiu sut cao, t si dng, chn lc tn s, tn dng
ngng kh nng cung cp cng sut ca phn t tch cc(dng
v p) cng sut ra ca mch c th t mW n MW .

MC LC
GII THIU CNG TY V MC CH THC TP
1.GII THIU KHI NIM TNG QUAN V SIU CAO TN
1.1
KHI NIM
1.2
LCH S
1.3
NG DNG
2.PHN TCH MCH KHUCH I SIU CAO TN
2.1
M HNH MCH KHUCH I
2.2
.1 L THUYT MCH KHUCH I
2.2.1.1KHUCH I CH C
2.2.1.2PHNG PHP TNH TON TN KHUCH I
2.3
NHN TN
2.4
I TN
2.5
TRUNG TN
2.5.1 KHUCH I TRUNG TN
2.5.2 LA CHN TN S TRUNG TN
2.6 NHIU V KHUCH I NHIU THP
3.B KHUCH I SIU CAO TN TRONG H THNG
THNG TIN DI NG NSN FLEXI WCDMA
3.1 GII THIU H THNG THNG TIN DI NG WCDMA
3.2 CU TRC MCH KHUCH I
3.3 KIM TRA HOT NG CA MCH KHUCH I

MC LC HNH
Hnh 1 :mng 2 ca vi ngun v ti
Hnh 2:mch khuch i n gin

Hnh 3:m hnh i tn c bn

Hnh 4 : u ni FSMD v FRGF
Hnh 5:cch u ni vi my tnh v my o(cng sut v ph)
Hnh 6 :thng s my o cho 1 knh c trng
Hnh 7 :cc u ni PA trong FRGF
Hnh 8 :mch c th ca 1 PA
Hnh 9 :lp t th nghim
Hnh 10 :thng s my pht tn hiu
Hnh 11 :thng s my o ph

Gii thiu
Cng ty TNHH vin thng i Dng l mt trong nhng cng
ty chuyn mua bn cc thit b lin quan n vin thng cng
nh sa cha.vi c s h tng tng i tt v tinh thn lm
vic cao, cng ty ang pht trin hng n vic sa cha chuyn
nghip cho cc nh mng ti Vit Nam

Mc ch ca k thc tp ny l nm c cc cu trc, nguyn

l hot ng , ng dng ca cc mch siu cao tn cng nh cng
c thit k ph bin nht hin nay thit k mch siu cao tn
l phn mm AWR.v l do hn hp v thi gian v cha c trahcs
nhim ca bn thn ngi lm ti, ti ch thc hin ni dung
mch khuch a cng sut siu cao tn.
Trong qu trnh thc tp 2 thng cng ty, vi s ch dn ca
ngi hng dn, trng phng Nguyn Minh Qu v gio vin
hng dn Nguyn Tn Nhn ,ti nm c nhiu kin thc
qu bu.xin cm n

CHNG 1 :

TNG QUAN SIU CAO TN

1. KHI NIM:
Khi nim siu cao tn c hiu ty theo trng phi hoc
quc gia, c tht 30 MHz 300 GHz (1)

hoc 300MHz 300 GHz (2),, hoc 1 GHz 300 GHz (3)
Cc di tn s
AM pht thanh 535 1605 kHz

L band 1 2 GHz

V tuyn sng ngn 3 30 MHz

S band 2 4 GHz

Pht thanh FM 88 108 MHz

C - band 4 8 GHz

VHF TV (2 4) 54 72 MHz

X band 8 12 GHz

VHF TV (5 6) 76 88 MHz
UHF TV (7 - 13) 174 - 216 MHz
UHF TV (14 - 83) 470 - 894 MHz
L vi ba 2.45 GHz

Ku band 12 18 GHz
K band 18 - 26 GHz
Ka band 26 - 40 GHz
U band 40 60 GHz

* V tn s cao di microwaves nn l thuyt mch c s

khng cn hiu lc,
do pha ca p dng thay i ng k trong cc phn t(cc
phn t phn b).
* Thng stp trung: l cc i lng c tnh in xut hin
hoc tn ti
mt v tr xc nh no ca mch in. Thng s tp trung
c biu din bi mt
phn t in tng ng (phn t tp trung Lumped circuit
element), c th xc nh
hoc o c trc tip (chng hn R, C, L, ngun p, ngun
dng).
* Thng s phn b: (distributed element) ca mch in l
cc i lng c

tnh in khng tn ti duy nht mt vtr c nh trong mch

in m c ri u
trn chiu di ca mch. Thng s phn b thng c dng
trong lnh vc SCT,
trong cc h thng truyn sng (ng dy truyn sng,
ng dn sng, khng gian t
do) Thng sphn b khng xc nh bng cch o c trc
tip.
* Trong lnh vc SCT, khi so snh c vi kch thc ca
mch th phi xt
cu trc ca mch nh mt h phn b. ng thi khi xt h
phn b, nu ch xt mt
phn mch in c kch thc << th c ththay tng ng
phn mch in ny
bng mt mch in c thng s tp trung n gin ha bi
ton.
2. LCH S V NG DNG:
- Lnh vc SCT c coi nh mt chuyn ngnh cs, c nn
mng c pht
trin trn 100 nm v c bit pht trin mnh do cc ng
dng trong radar.
- S pht trin ca k thut SCT gn lin vi nhng thnh tu
trong lnh vc
cc linh kin high frequency solid state devices, cc mch
tch hp SCT v cc vi h hin i.
- Maxwell (1873) trng in t Heaviside (1885 1887) l
thuyt ng dn

sng Heinrich Hertz (1887 1891) th nghim ng dn sng

Radiation
Laboratory Massachusetts Intitute of Tech. (MIT)
3.NG DNG
* ng dng:
- Anten c li cao
- Thng tin bng rng (dung lng ln), chng hn rng
bng 1% ca tn s
600 MHz l 6 MHz ( l rng ca mt knh TV n l), 1% 60
GHz l 600 MHz
(cha c 100 knh TV). y l tiu chun quan trng v cc
di tn c thsdng ngy cng t i.
- Thng tin vtinh vi dung lng ln do sng SCT khng b b
cong bi tng ion
- Lnh vc radar v din tch phn x hiu dng ca mc tiu
t l vi kch
thc in ca mc tiu v kt hp vi cao li ca angten
trong di SCT.
- Cc cng hng phn t, nguyn t, ht nhn xy ra vng
tn sSCT do
k thut SCT c sdng trong cc lnh vc khoa hc cbn,
cm bin t xa, chn
tr y hc v nhit hc.
* Cc lnh vc ng dng chnh hin nay l raar v cc h
thng thng tin:

- Tm kim, nh vmc tiu cho cc hthng iu khin giao

thng, d tm
ha tin, cc hthng trnh va chmj, dbo thi tit
- Cc hthng thng tin: Long haul telephone, data and TV
transmissions;
wireless telecom. NhDBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite
television; PCSs: Personal
communications systems; WLANS: wireless local area
computer networks; CV:
cellular video systems; GPS: Global positioning satellite
systems, hot ng trong di
tn t1.5 n 94 GHz.

CHNG 2: MCH KHUCH I SIU CAO TN

2.1 M HNH MCH KHUCH I

Hnh 1 :mng 2 ca vi ngun v ti

Vi

2.2 L THUYT MCH KHUCH I

2.2.1 PHN TCH MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT CAO TN
2.2.1.1 KHUCH I CH C:
Mch KCSCT nm ng ra my pht tha cc yu cu sau:
hiu sut cao, t si dng, chn lc tn s, tn dng ti ngng

kh nng cung cp cng sut ca phn t tch cc (dng v p).

Cng sut ra c th t mW ti MW tu theo mc ch s dng.

Hnh 2:mch khuch i n gin

nh ngha: gc ct l mt na khong thi gian dng

collector tn ti trong mt chu k tn hiu. Trong KCSCT ch C

mch c phn cc sao cho gc ct < 900 (ch A c =

1800 ; ch B c = 900 )

Cng sut ngun cung cp

Cng sut ra ca dng hi c bn:

Trong : VC1 = IC1.Req l bin in p xoay chiu hi 1

collector. Req l tr khng ra ca BJT theo hi 1 ch ang
xt. Cng sut tiu tn trn collector: Ptt = P0 P1 Hiu sut tng
khuch i:

2.2.1.2PHNG PHP TNH TON TN KHUCH I:

Cho tn s lm vic, cng sut trn ti anten Chn linh kin V
cc thng s Chn phn cc mch thch hp Tnh ton cc thng
s nng lng P0 , P1 , 1 , Ptiu tn , Pi Tnh mch phi hp tr
khng vo ra Cng sut kch Pi v tr khng vo Zi l thng s tnh
ngc li tn trc cui
2.3 NHN TN
Mt dng c bit ca khuych i ch C l nhn tn s. T
phn tch hi ta thy nu ti cng hng n ln tn s vo th
thnh phn dng hi ICn to nn st p VCn = ICn
cos0t.Req(0t) c tn s gp n ln tn s vo tc l c nhn tn
s. Nhn tn s nhn c di tn dng trong my pht FM. Ngoi
ra n c th khu trung gian to tn s cao n nh t dao ng
chun thch anh.

Vi n tng, ICn v Pn gim nhanh nn thng ngi ta ch

nhn 2, 3, 4, 5. nhn nhiu, nn khuch i gia cc tng

nhn. Mch thc t nhn tn khng i hi ch ti u, m ch

cn ly ra tn s mong mun. Nhn tn s thng dng trong
my pht FM, PM, tng di tn, di pha cng nh ch s
iu ch, thc hin FM v PM di rng
2.4 I TN
i tn l qu trnh dch chuyn tn hiu iu ch ln cao
(Tx) hoc xung thp (Rx) m vn gi nguyn cu trc ph ca n
( dng tn hiu ban u). N cho mt s u im quan trng nh
d dng dch chuyn tn hiu n tn s cn thit, tng chn
lc, thun tin x l tn hiu. i tn cn gi l trn tn, c k
hiu du nhn. Khi trn hai tn hiu ng vo b i tn, ti ng
ra ca n c nhiu thnh phn tn s fs, fo, mfo n fs. B lc
trung tn IF hoc BPF chn lc thnh phn tn s cn thit.

Hnh 3:m hnh i tn c bn

Thng thng m = n =1 mc tn hiu ra l ln nht. Tn
hiu ra c ph ging nh tn hiu ng vo i tn, nhng c
dch chuyn n vng tn s cn thit thun tin trn x l tn
hiu.
2.5 TRUNG TN

2.5.1 KHUCH I TRUNG TN

B khuch i trung tn nm sau bo i tn c nhim v:
Khuch i ln tn hiu nh sau b di tn (Rx) n mc cn
thit gii iu ch
C chn lc cao (nh cc b lc IF) tn hiu mong mun
v loi nhiu ngoi bng thng
C AGC (Automatic Gain Control) trnh qu ti do gii iu
ch, gim mo gii iu ch trong h thng FM (Frequency
Modulation). Mc tn hiu sau i tn khong
2.5.2 LA CHN TN S TRUNG TN
S chn la fIF thp lm cho thit k n gin, b khuch i
ln, n nh cao, d thc hin.
Trong my thu thanh AM c fIF = 455KHz, bng thng 20KHz
Trong thng tin thoi AM-SSB (3 30MHz), thc hin i tn
hai ln loi tn s nhiu nh. fIF1 = 2MHz, bng thng 10KHz, fIF2
trong khong (100500) KHz v d 455KHz hay 200KHz, bng
thng 3KHz.
i vi pht thanh FM mono-stereo (88 108)MHz, fIF l
10,7MHz, bng thng 200KHz.
My thu truyn hnh c fIF c khong (30 50MHz), bng
thng (6 10MHz) ty chun h (PAL, NTSC, SECAM).
Trong radar, viba mt t, thng tin v tinh, in thai di ng
t bo, cc tn s trung tn thng gp: 35; 45; 70; 140; 479MHz.
2.6 NHIU V KHUCH I NHIU THP
Nhiu (Tp m) l tn hiu khng mong mun, xut hin t
nhiu ngun khc nhau, ( di dng in p hay dng in ) chn

vo tn hiu hu ch lm gim cht lng tn hiu thu dn n sai

lch thng tin .
Nhiu vn rt quan trng ca in t thng tin v x l tn
hiu . Cht lng thu ca h thng in t thng tin nh gi theo
t s cng sut tn hiu trn cng sut nhiu ng vo my thu.

S/N Ch s tng quan mnh ca tn hiu so vi nhiu. Nu

S/N nh hn gi tr n nh ngng, tn hiu thu khng t cht
lng, thng tin b sai lch .
Nhiu c th c chia thnh 2 loi:
- Nhiu ngoi: gy ra bi mi trng truyn.
- Nhiu trong (ni): gy ra do thit b thu.
B khuch i cao tn nhiu thp (RF Amp - LNA ) nm ng
vo my thu c nhim v:
Phi hp trr khng vi anten
Tin chn lc tn hiu cao tn
Loi nhiu tn s nh ( fImage = fc + 2fIF)
Khuch i nhiu thp tn hiu nh ng vo my thu ti mc
cn thit i tn
Tng nhy my thu. LNA thng c t mt n ba tng
khuch i tuyn tnh c iu hng chn lc tn s - bng thng

tn hiu mong mun v AGC. Mi tng cung cp li t 10 30

dB.

3. B KHUCH I TRONG H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

NSN FLEXI WCDMA
3.1 GII THIU CU TRC NSN FLEXI WCDMA
3.2 B KHUCH I

Hnh 4 : u ni FSMD v FRGF

Hnh 5:cch u ni vi my tnh v my o(cng sut v ph)

Hnh 6 :thng s my o cho 1 knh c trng

Hnh 7 :cc u ni PA trong FRGF

Hnh 8 :mch c th ca 1 PA
3.2 KIM TRA HOT NG CA PA
cng sut 20W(43dbm) ngun cp vo l 24V, cng sut tn
hiu vo l 0dbm, bng thng tn hiu l 5Mhz

Hnh 9 :lp t th nghim

Hnh 10 :thng s my pht tn hiu

Hnh 11 :thng s my o ph

Ti liu tham kho

1.Gio trnh c s k thaautj siu cao tn _Nghim Xun
Anh
2.C s k thut siu cao tn_ V nh Thnh
3.Gio trnh mch khuch i siu cao tn_Nguyn Hong
Huy
4.Joseph F. White, HIGH FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES An
Introduction to RF and Microwave Engineering, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 2004.