Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mi v
- Nc ging ngm: mi trng thi l do c kh H2S, kt qu ca qu trnh phn
hy cc cht hu c trong lng t v ha tan vo mch nc ngm. Mi tanh ca
st v mangan.
- Nc mt (sng, sui, ao h): mi tanh ca to l do s xut hin ca cc loi to
v vi sinh vt. Trong trng hp ny nc thng c mu xanh.
- Nc my: mi ha cht kh trng (clo) cn d li trong nc.
Mi v khc l s gy cm gic kh chu khi dng nc. Tu theo loi mi v m
c cch x l ph hp nh dng ha cht dit to trong ao h, keo t lng lc, hp
ph bng than hot tnh,
2. Mu
- Mu vng ca hp cht st v mangan.
- Mu xanh ca to, hp cht hu c.
Nc c mu cao thng gy kh chu v mt cm quan. Vi cc quy trnh x
l nh sc kh ozn, clo ha s b, keo t, lng lc c th lm gim mu ca
nc. Cn lu , khi ngun nc c mu do hp cht hu c, vic s dng Clo c
th to ra cht mi l trihalomethane c kh nng gy ung th.
3. pH
Ngun nc c pH > 7 thng cha nhiu ion nhm carbonate v bicarbonate (do
chy qua nhiu tng t ). Ngun nc c pH < 7 thng cha nhiu ion gc
axit.
Bng chng d thy nht lin quan gia pH v sc khe ca ngi s dng l
n lm hng men rng pH ca nc c lin quan n tnh n mn thit b, ng
ng dn nc v dng c cha nc. c bit, trong mi trng pH thp, kh nng
kh trng ca Clo s mnh hn. Tuy nhin, khi pH > 8,5 nu trong nc c hp
cht hu c th vic kh trng bng Clo d to thnh hp cht trihalomethane gy
ung th.
Theo tiu chun, pH ca nc s dng cho sinh hot l 6,0 8,5 v ca nc ung
l 6,5 8,5.
4. c
c l i lng o hm lng cht l lng trong nc, thng do s hin din
ca cht keo, st, to v vi sinh vt.
Nc c gy cm gic kh chu cho ngi dng v c kh nng nhim vi sinh.
Tiu chun nc sch quy nh c nh hn 5NTU, nhng gii hn ti a ca
nc ung ch l 2 NTU. Cc quy trnh x l nh keo t, lng, lc gp phn lm
gim c ca nc.
5. kim
kim ca nc l do cc ion bicarbonate, carbonate v hydroxide to nn.
Trong thnh phn ha hc ca nc, kim c lin quan n cc ch tiu khc
nh pH, cng v tng hm lng khong. Vic xc nh kim ca nc gip
cho vic nh lng ha cht trong qu trnh keo t, lm mm nc cng nh x l
chng n mn.
Hin nay, khng c bng chng c th no lin quan gia kim v sc khe ca
ngi s dng. Thng thng, nc dng cho n ung nn c kim thp hn
100 mg/l.
6. cng
cng l i lng o tng cc cation a ha tr c trong nc, nhiu nht l ion
canxi v magi. Nc mt thng khng c cng cao nh nc ngm. Ty theo
cng ca nc ngi ta chia thnh cc loi sau:
- cng t 0 50mg/l -> Nc mm
- cng t 50 150mg/l -> Nc hi cng
- cng t 150 300mg/l -> Nc cng