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    ψυχολογια

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    ψυχολογια

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    15 views29 pages

    Papastilianoy Psihologia Tomos.15 Teyhos.1

    Uploaded by

    prekarios
    ψυχολογια

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    WYXOAOTIA, 2008, 15 (1) @ 90-118 PSYCHOLOGY, 2008, 15 (1) @ 90-118 TloAvnoAttiopixr ovpBovAevtixy Kot Oepanecia oe yuvaixes petavaotptec. PuxoKowovixoi napayovtes Kat Sefoujtes ANTONIA TANAZTYAIANOY? H guxonowawixt nposappoyn ms yuvainag peTavdorpLag Tig BGo TEAEUTa‘EG NEPIAHWH Bexastieg éxet StapopETIKG TUN Kal NEpLEXELEVO Ge OXEON Ue NAAAIGTEpES HE- TavacteuTixés nepls5ous, Ta KavoUpy1a XAPAKTRPLOTIKG TwY HETavaCTpIOY omy EdAada auviotavras Kuping oto UpMASTEpO NoPHUTIKS eninedo, Tm SuvanIKoMTa, Tig aEjeG Kat TOUS pohoug Nou SoxyAZovrat om GUvavN TOU LETAgEPELEVOU MOATIGHON Le aUTV TG xwPaG UMOBOYT Emy nodmoyinr aum ouvavmon BivovTai GUMFBUK FimiEs HOPHES CTPEG nou GE NepIMTBCEIG HewwLE- ‘vay SuvarortiTwv Kal avBeKTiKomMTaS Nopet va OBnyfigOUV ce MpoBARyaTA puxiKns uyeiac, To airmya ia TIPdcAnyn BorBerac eEGAAou, Ge apKETés NepuTTwOEIG Sev exppacerat SuvapiKG, HE caprvera Kai vertdpxeia Taw urmpeotay puxokoyKrg oMpIEN UETavacTV TEGO dE apiBLOus doo Kal Ge NoLeTHTA napanéynei nepartépw Oe sta CEIpA and BéLATa NOU GrTovTaI THs NOAUROAMOYIKAS CUL,BOUAEUTIKTS Wu: xohoyiag, Ta Beara auré apopouy KUpiUG Thy MOAMTIGLIKF GKEUT KAL Tic BEELOTMTES TOU ULBOUAOU/PU- XOBEPATEUTT GAG Kat Ta BEGPIKG Lda NPOTEYYIOTS Tw LETAVATTPIDY (OALTIGHIKOG HEGOAGBNTS, ‘YOUN MAEquViKrig BoriGelas K.AML.). Em GuvéXela NapovOIaZovrat o1 uxvoTEPA KaTAYPApOLEVES d1a- YWGOEIS NEpIoTATIKUY OT XPOVIKF] Mepio3O 2000-03 KaTA Thy ortoia yuvaikEs LETavGoTpIEG YitGav Bor} Bea and duo Srapopetinous opel, Ta neprotatxd aura eivat evBeutixd Twv NPOBARLATwW WUXIKT;G UyEr ag Kat OUgATIOLVEA! GTO TAAIOLO TAG OXETIRFG xeBvOUS BIBNOYPagia, Tédog, npoTeivovtat TpOrOI avt- LWeTaMONG Kat Texvixés CULBoUAEUTIKNC/PUXOBEPaNEiag Nou LMOPOUV va avaKoUPicouY kat va oULBA- Aouy omY TpogUTUKr QVArTTUEN Kat PUXOKOIVVIKA POGAPHOYH Twy HETavaCTPIAY AéEeig-xheidid: WuxOKOWVWMIK PPOG|PHOYT HETaVACTPGY, NoAUNOAITIOUIKA CUUBOUAEUTIRH HETava- oTpuby, BeE\mTes Kal TexvKES NapEyBaon. 1. Eioaywyr) @r}Keg t600 oT xwpA NpoékevaNg 60 Kat oT) xidpa eykatéotaans. Napa tv npogavr adAn- H quxoowawnr| npocappoyt) yia Tig yuval- AeniSpaar) Touc, 01 TeheuTaieg KaBopiZouv oe ye~ Kec weTavdotpies ouvaprarai pe Ta aToLIKa Xa- Ao BaGuS TH Béon nou éxet 1 HETavdoTpIG Yu- paKrnpIoTIKG Kat Tig KOIWWVIKOMOAITIOHIKEG GUY VaiK GE La QUYKEKEIWE MN KoWwWia KAI THY GrO- 1. Aled®uvon; Avan, KaSnyrirpia Kowwwnig Wuxokoyiag, Turjwa Kowwwarig Atoixnans, AnoKpiteio Mave- nuoThuto Opaxng, M.Toaddapn 1, Koyotnw, 69100. e-mail: apapast@socadm.duth.gr, papastd@hol.gr Toduroliriojaxg ovpfoulevirx Sox TH¢ TOV EMayyEALATIKO XWPO, OTIV OIKO- Yévela Kat orig Sianpoownixés oxéoeiG. H TuNO- Aoyia petavaoteuons yia Tig yuvaikes and TI¢ He- Goyeraxés xsipeg KaTa Tov 206 audva UNOBHAwVE hia unotaKtix} tao, 7 ontoia cuvicrato Kuping TO va aKohoubr}ouv To au~uyO va Bpouy Gu {uyo. H otdon auth dtaTmpouvtav Napopora Kat ong xHpeg oTIg onoieg EYKABICTAVTO, KABG OU- VEBaXAav onpavrixd pe éupLo8n A Ye Gy1o8N KU- Piwe epyacia ota oIKOVOIKG TIC OIKOYEVEIOG, GA- Ad napéuevay xupic iaftepec SuvatomTes ava- TTUENS ASyw THS XALNANG exntaidevon Kat KATA ‘ouvéreia tng xaUNArc auToEKTiLMoNs Kat THY Ne- PlOpLOUEvwW MPODBoKIdv TOUS (Bepvixog & Aa- OKadonovAou, 20022. Aegiyyou & Kougakou, 1990, ‘Eyxe-MouAoriovAou, 1986. NanaotuAta- VoU, 1992. Wnyuévos, 2001. King, Fielding & Black, 1997. Tsolidis, 1986). H exéva aut} d.a- ‘Poponoieitat oro KULG HETAVdoTEVONS NOU ka- Taypagetat omy EAAGSa Kara Tig SU0 oxeddv te- Aeutaieg Sexacries and yetavaorpres EAANMIKNG (nadwwootouced?) 1 addng KaTaywyrig. Ot AdyOL anodidovrar Kupiwg ato BeATIWpEvo ETtinedO ex- RaiSevorig Touc’ Kal oto yeyovds Ot1 apKETés Ue- Tavactevouv udves anoteAdvtag qa wiaitepn HetavagteuTixy SUvayN Kat Kimnon®. Etoug ov6- XOUg ToUg reprAGLBAvovTat n BeATiwon TwV NPO- GwruKdy OIKOVOLIKIY OUVANKEY ZarF|G KAI N O1KO- VouiKr UTOOTHPIEN THC OIKOYEvEIdS TOUS eiTE GU- cai Gepaneia or yovaixe petavdorpte #91 TH eivat omy EdAdda efte om) xupa NOEAEUENC, AnAady avadayBavouv to pOAo Tou «KoUBOAN- Ti/npootém», pdko nou napadoataKd pavévav va éxouv dvtpec. Noté00, ta npoBAnpaTa nou avripetwniZouv avravaxAouy Ta TOKAGNAG OTE pedtuna lou guvavrouv: petavéorpia (EEvn), YU- Vaika, avepyn, avunavtpn, dialeuypevn kat urré- pa avakoya Kal Kara nepinrwon (Bevtoupa, 1993. Bepvikog & Aaoxadonounou, 2002, KEG! 2007. Swm™prdou, 2000. Baldwin-Edwards, 2001 Bowman & King, 2003) Ay Kai Ta eupfiyara Twv epeuviy yia ThV ent- dpaon mg petavdotevons otny Puxixr uyeia ToiKiAAowv mpeg ™ ita rh THY GAAN KaTeueuvon, eivai npogavés 611 n peTavdoreuon anoTenet (St aitepa emiBapuvtixh, CUvEr}KN TOU Spwg UMOpE: va anoBei Betixt} Yia To droLO we euKaipia Sev: PUVENS TwW YwCEWY, KaVOTTWY Kat SUVaTOTT- Tw Bedtiwong MS Lung TOU egooV UNdpXOUV ot oxeTiKoi Beopiol oTHpENG. H uxoROYIKT}-cUp- BoukeuTixh unooTAPIEN ope’ va GULBAAE Ce GUTS, add n opyavwon urMpEdiay yia MY avT- HETOMION WUXoKOWWVIKU NPOBANLGTW Kat TIPOBANLGTwV Wuxintig uyeiag oTNV EAAdSA, ev TpoKeiev, Sev Exel Mpoxworoet Wiaitepa. Au- 16 oxerifetat pe To yeyovdc Oui YeviKOTEPA Ot umnpesieg wuxirric uyeiag HONIG Ta TedeuTaia Xpdovia opyavaovovTat Ge KoIvOTIKS eniedo (7 AE~ youevn «Wuytarpur MerappuBpIon»), eve eivat 2. ExeuiKG LETH cupBoAH me yuvaKxeiag epyagiag Kai Tov TUNo Tpea@OPAG EPYATIAG (wc EPYETPEC, WK AYO: TOGEG, GTO EUNOPIO, GTA OIKIAKG K.ATL), 0 AVaYVwOTN Rapanépnetar oTHy iaitepa Siagwtiotexn Epyagia Tw Ouyypagéwy pe TiTho MoAUTOAIOpIKOTTA. Or Staataaerg MS MOATiopiAFAG TauTOMTOS (2002), GEA. 137-211 3.0 6p0¢ agopd Kuplug Tis yuvaiKes nakwoaTodaEs and Tic xiipES TC MOKinY ZoBlETITIG Evwong lou EyKO- TaoTé6nkav oTHV EANGBa [eT To 1990 1 and Thy AABavia (Bopeionneipssticoec), ot onoies eyypapovTar wx, Goya edAnwintig KaTaywytig, Eat Kat aV ot OIKOYEVELES TOUS ZotoaY oTI¢ RapANdvW apes Via NepIOddrEpES AMO iia yevuéc Kar 01 i812¢ Sev eiyay yevendei omy ENAASa [BA. oxeTIKG oTnV Eloaywyh Tou PiBiou AanodmopKes AG: Spopéc. Nadwvdothon Kai puxoKowwwixr} MPocapHOYN, (emp.) A. Nanactudavod, 2005} 4, To aroyeio autd diagépet avadoya He TM xGpa npoédevan¢, Ot Bepvikos Kai LacKahono¥Aou avagépouy 61 oto tédog Tou 1980 o avakpaBrtiapdc avepystav ce NocoaTé 67% oTIG yuvaiKES ME A@PIKN, 52% mg Aaiag Kal 18% ts AcTivikig Apepixric (BA. Bepvixog & AaaxadoroUAou 6.1. Ged. 170-171). Ot petavaarpIEs and Xu: EG ME NpUny Eopietixtig ‘Evwons Kat Tou AeyOHEVOU AvaTOAIKOU MNAOK, Nou eivat Kal ot NepLoddTEpES oTHY EAdéa, Exouv KaTG Kavéva UpNATEPO LOPPWTIKG EmineSo (BA. TXETIKA TO Nady GPBpo). 5. To pawvopevo auTé xapaxmpiZet Th Letavdoteuan om EupsirIn Kai ovoUdZeTai MAoV «yuvawKorToinOR TS Uetavdotevonce (feminisation of migration)(B. nepicadtepa ato WnppEvoc, 2001) 92 @ Avrwvia Manaorvliavov mpogaviig n avayKN OTEAEXWONS TwY KPATIKEV SONG pe e1diKG KaTaPTIOLEVoUG enayyeAuaTies WuxiKtig uyeiag yia BUaTa peTavacTiV Kat TIO- Amiopuxrig Stagoperixémrag (Boudyapidou & To- apdc, 2001. Fwraidn & Eravixac, 2004. Fovi- Bang K.4., 2005. KaAAikdkn, 2005. Madiavec, 2000). O TowiSanng Kai o1 ouvepyareg Tou (2005), petaEU a\Awv duoKoAuv nou ogeiAovrat oTy Nepiopiopévy Suvarornta Twv Snpdowv OpEWY WE TIPO THY AVTINET@MIGH peTavaTéV le NpoBANyaTa WuxukrI¢ uyEiag, avagépouv age- 6g To THA TOU “NOAMOLIKOU YeECOAABNTH> (kat 6x1 anAwe StepyNvéa) nou va uNoBonGa To Oyo Twv Bepaneudpevwy Kal ageTEpoU THY Ot- Kovopixry Suoxépera Twv dvepywv WeTavaoTa, OL onoiot anarteitat va Napouy pappHaKeuTIKA ayw- Yh Baotapévn ae @appaKa véag yendc. Ero nto Ndvw NAaiowo 8a eEetactouv am au- véxeta ta eA oTo1xeia: (a) ta SnHoypagiKa Kat OTaTIOTIKG CTOIXe(a Tw LeTavacTpIiY oT EA- dada Ge oXéon We aUTA Twy avdPav GAA Kat opiouéva YapaKmpLOTIKd Tw vroTlwy YUVaKKiV (8) napapetpot Tg PUXoKoIVwwiKHIg NPOApLO- Yhg Wetavactpiiv, SnAGSH ororxeia nou ana- parmtng npénei va ywwpizet 0 cUpBouroc/pu- xoBepaneuTic nou aoyodeital ye Thy NOAUMOAL- TtopUKT} CUPBoUAEUTIKA: (y) Ta GUvABN MPOBAN- HOTA THS PUXOKOWWWVIKTG MPOGAPLOYHS TOU avtiperuniZouv ot yetavdotpiec étav aneuBivo- rat yia GupBouAEuTu f @povTiSa oTIG OXETIKES Kparixéc urtnpediec Kai GAAoug @opeic’ (5) ev- Beikrixd oToWXeia yia Thy WuXiKr Uyela peTava- oTpIGy oT EAAGSa GUpgava pe nivaxes ator xelwv Mou ouyKevTpwENKaY aNd [ta UNNpEGIA TOU SnyOGIou (PuXlatpiKd voooKo}e!0) Kat pila Ln KuBepyntixr, opydvwon; (e) Ta Beyedwidn crowxeia Tg MOAUTOATIO[KKT}¢ CULBoUAEUTIKTIC, rug autd Kataypdovrai ctoUG KUBIKEC 380 vrohoyiag Twv PeyGAwy PUXOACYIKwY ETAIPEWwY AAG Kal Kata THY OUGLAGTIKH GoKNoT TH" (oT) TEAOG, BaoiKés TexviKES Tg MOAUTIOATIOPIKS cup BoudeuTiKric KaBWC Kal N PELLVIOTIKT] GKOMIG om ZupPoureuTikh yuvarKay peTavactpLdy. Ero onpeio auto dieuxpwwiZerat oti n xorion TOU Opou «NOAUMOATIOLIKT» avtidiaoTEAAETAL Tou Opou «SiaroAiTigpiKt}», 0 ortoiog evexet ™ BuyKELON (Kat ONo{og aNNxEi Tov AYYAIKG 6p0 “cross-cultural” ¥ eviote “inter-cultural") Kat 0 onoiog Sev avranoxpivetat oTHV orTiKn pag GUL Bouheutinfig npodéyyiong, ditt dev GuyKpivel TOAmPOUS, drug Kavei n AtanoAmopIKr] Wuxo- Aoyia ue pia etdixr} peBoSoroyia rou enirpénet TM OUyKpIGN Ge Eninedo avixvevons Tw OLOIO- TWitwy Ka Twv Stagopwv. Em LupBoudeuriah or6x0¢ Sev eivai de Kapa Nepirtwan n GUYKELON MAG 7 evowpdTwon, n evapyouan cToIXEiwy and noAAgc MoAiopIKES NpayaTIKOTTTEC (multi- culturalism), nou SnAsvouv diapopetiKoTnTa, (cBuiKéc, CpnoxeuTixés, YAWaaIKES, KOIVVIKOU ‘UAOU Kai NpoGavaToAIoHoU K.AN.) Kain aToSo- Xt Toug and Ty 600 To duvatév mo dieupupe- Ym ormix Tou cuuBoUAou/puxoB_paneuTt. EKO- Tidg Tou dp8pou —népav Tv dowv avagépovrat omy mio ndvw Napdypago — dev eival va ou- ykpivet Mpoceyyigeig mapa uévo va npoteiver atov avayviorn ormtixés 2. AnvoypagiKé otoixeia yia nig petavdorpies otnv EMG3a H EAAdBa, ériug Kal GAAES pecoyetaKes x6- peg Wéxpl Kat Tm deKaetia tou 1970, anotedou- Ge XWpa anootodAg LETavaTay Mipog Tig UNE pathavmixés, Tic Bopetes Kat Tig SuTIKOEUpUTTai- Kég xiopec. Srig dexaetiec Tou 1980 Kai Tou 1990, Suwe, ONHEWWENKaV oNavTIKEs AAAayES OT XW- a, 01 ontoieg agopodaay (a) mV o1KovOLIKT ava- TruEn, (8) Ty avdwon Tou LoppuTiKON enuné- dou Twv yuvaiKay (BISGAN & Navaywwrdroudoc, 2001), (y) Ty enayyehpatixr) anaoxéAnon Tw EnAnvidwv oe otaBepéc @éoeig, (5) m Suvatom- Ta Bi48eon¢ xonpaTwv yia o1KiaKr} Bor}éeta, (e) ug avdyxes Yio epyacia euKaipiaKou xapaKT}pa (ouyKoutdy| mg coderde, ppovrida naruby, NAL Kwwyévav) (Fakiolas & Alipranti-Maratou, 2000. Kotzamanis et al., 1995). Oda ta mo navw od7)- Ynoav oto dvotypa Gécewv epyaciag ae nohAous hetavdates Kat padtota oe Udveg yuvaiKes, and tug yeitoves xwpec, Tie xwpeg THE Mp~NV FoBie- 1x1 ounPoudevrixr; kat Oepaneia oe yuvaikes petavdorpies @ 93 Nivanag 1 Eroiyeia AModanwv Metavaotay nou {nrouv epyacia Kai npoouywy (ye Gouko) (Anoypagri MAn@vopod 2001) (IvatirouTo Epyaciag. KaBouvidn, 2002) EYNOAO. % — |ZYNOAONPOZeYrAN| = % METANASTON (ME AZYAO) Zuvoho 413.241 2.927 = Tuvaixes 168.598 40% 1.349 46% ‘AvSpec, 244.643 60% 1.578 54% ‘Ayanec yuvaixes, 37.473 22.2% (£1) 336 25% (EF) ‘Ayauor avbpec 107.368 43,9% (2-A) 734 465% (Z-A) “Eyyaues yuvaixes 105.658 62,7% (EF) 632 47% (ED) “Eyyauor avdpec, 125.394 51.3% (EA) 714 45.2% (ZA) Xnpec yuvaiKes 10.610 6.3% (1D) 296 22% (E1) Xfipot avBpes 3.970 1,6% (-A) 74 4.7% (EA) BiaZeuypeves yuvaikes 14.101 6,6% (3-1) 68 5% (£1) Atazeuynévor avBpeG 5.039 2% (E-A) 39 2.5% (2-A) Ze SiGotacn yuvaiKes 3.756 2,2% (2-1 17 1,2% (EF) Ye Sidotaon avdpes 2.872 1.2% (5-A) 7 11% (EA) Texr\g Evwong (nou ato peTaku eixe diadveei), and my Agia Kat my AppiKi). TuvaiKes edeuBe- pec Hh ue owoyévera, StaZeuypévec, veapés A He- offAikes e1opgouv amv Edda avatnrdvrac ep- Yooia xa éva KadtTepo UEAAov (KaBouvidn, 1998, 2002. Furmptddou, 2000. Ynyuévos, 2001), ZOyqwva pe ta oroixeia Tou lwotiroutou Ep- Yasiag (Ynoupyeio Epyaciag) nou avrAn@nxav an tv anoypagr Tou 2001, ToUG KaTahdyous Uetavaoréoy Kat npoo@iyuy ot onoiot B*AWoaY 6n1 eyxaraoTaBnKay omy EAAGBa Kat Zrmoav epyacia napampowvrat opiopéva xoriawa Sn- Hoypapixd ororxeia (BA. Mivaxa 1). Avéueoa atoug akoBanoug etavdores ei- vat SinAdo1o1 01 GvbpEg GyaHOI aNd Tig yuvaiKes, 11% nepioadrepes yuvaiKes and avpes eivat Eyyaes, eEanddotes yuvaiKes efvat xrPe6, TI TiAdones efvar diaveuypéves nat Bnndores eiva oe Sidotacy (SnAaSH 15,2% eivar pOves Kat evde- Youve pe radia). AvEAOya eival Tepirou Kat Ta ororyeia via Tous MedaqUYES, OoU omy Ne- pirrrwan AUT Ot xPEG PAdVOUV To 22% GE aXE- OM pe 4,7% Twv avdpidv (SnAadH 29% eivat poves Kat evdexouévanc Le naiSid). Enpewiverat Be vt 19% Tay éyyapuv adrodanwv yeTavaorpidy ef vat xwpig my owoyéverd TOUS, Ev 12% TwW Ey- You NPOGPLYWV yuVaIKiy eivat eniong WEIS ‘TV o1Koyéveld Tous omy EAAGBa. Av npocBéra- ie Ta ogooTé autd Ba Naparnpovoape Ort ot adhodarés Uoveg yuvaixes — xwpig THY oKoyé- ved tous — unodoyiZovtat ce 28% Kal avTicTo- ws o1 MPsaqUYES YUVAiKES GE 31%. Kara Tous unoRoyioNoUs Tou YnunEvou (2001) o€ oxeriKh uedém, © apiudg Tuv SiaZeuypévwv petava- OTPIGV aveBaivet GTO 43,5%. H KaBouvidn (2002) (opqwva pe ta oroxyeia Tou Mpoypayparos voptponioinong Tou 1998, o api6y6 371.000 anroewy via npocwpIvy GBeia Tapapovrg Kal epyaciac) KaTaypagel OPIOHEVa Aa oToryeia onpavriKd yia MY anoTUMWON TOV Baoikiy xapaKTnpIOTIKGY TwY YeTavaoTPIOY omy EAAdSa: 94 @ Avrwvia Manaorvlavos Ag npog Tm xa MPoEAEUENG ETO GUVOAO Twv YuvaiKwv 35% eival AABavidec Kat 20% Bou- yapec (aAAE¢ ONddEc aKoAOUBOUV cE NoGOCTA), eve) Ta peyaddtepa noocté SiaQuyiwv napam- pouvrat avapeoa otic Ouxpavéc (23%) Kat atic Bouayapec (15%). ‘Q¢ Npoc my eKnaideuon, ot yuvaikes ume- péXouv Ge OXON WE Tous dvSpec: 18,5% Exouv ‘TpIToBAOyta exnaidevon oe oxéON pe TO 7% TOV avdpiv, 57% Twv yuvaiKwy éxouv deutepopas- ila exnaiSeuon oe oyéon ye To 52% Twv avdpiov Kal 23% Twv yuvaIKdy ExouV NewroBa8pia ex- naideuon oF OXéON HE To 39% Twv avdpuv, eve) HOALG 1% YuvaKKidv Ge XEON HE 1,8% avdpiv ShAwoav avaAgaBnror. Naparnpeitar, enionc, OT TO peyAAUTEpo MOGOOTS TeITOBAByIAG EK- maiSeuang of axéon pe Tous dvdpEG EXOUV ot yuvaikeg and Tig mpunV GooiahioTiKés XAPES (Kupiwg ot Fewpyiavég Kat 01 Ouxpavés) (Ka- Bouvidn, 2002) Og Npog Thy NAiKia, 01 Fakiolas Kat Alipranti- Maratou (2000) avagépouv oni, cUnwva pe Ta ororyeia Tou OAEA tou 1999, ewéa oi 3éKa He Tavdotpieg yuvaiKes eivat o& nAIKia 20-64 etav Kal apKETéS HEALTES BeBawvouv oti OXESOv Odes epydzovtat Waxvouv ya epyaoia (Fakiolas, 1999a, 1999b. Lazaridis, 2000. Markova & Sartis, 1997). O1 armgeig avavéwons ia AEuKr KapTa, avpqwva pe Ta oToKxeia THg KaBouvidn (2002), Beixvouv ort KupIG 1 xTIPES Ka OL GyayES ava- Vedvouy Tig ammaEtg TOUS NEpLaDSTEpO aNd TI éyyapes, Yeyovds nou UNOSNAWvEI Tig O1KOVOLI- kég Toug avayxes. “Eva onpavtixd oto1xelo OTO GUVOAO Tw HE- TavacTpudv eivat n UN aE\oroinon m¢ TprToBat tag exrraideuoris Tous. Napa to ott apKetés (nocoots 18,5%) SnAdvouy MTUXIOUXoL TpITo- Ba®ytac exnaiSeuons, edaxiotes Katapépvouv va eEaoxi\aouv To endyyeNid Tous, apou n cU- VIpITTiKr) MAELOVoTMTA aNAOXOAE{TaI KUPIWG GE epyacies XanAre eidiKeuong (Chtouris & Psimmenos et al., 1997: Kaowam, 1998). Onws avagépet n Kaowdrn (1998), etdixd yia Tig yu- Vaikec peravdorpies To [eyaXtTepo ogoaTé Ep- ydteral o€ epyarixd Kal unnpetixd enayyéAa- Ta kat pdvo pia onic 5éKa Bpioxer S130 ana- ‘oxdAnong oe napalarpiKd enayyéduata. BéBata, n napampoupeyn avepyia aKoun Kat ony EdAdSa (wg wpa uTOdOy"G) EvdEXOPEVWS dev agrivel nepiedpia Siotayywv omy anacxd- Anon Kat état napayepiZovrat o1 evSoiaopoi ou oyerifovtat pe Thy enayyeApariKr] uoB48pton, (Faddvng, 1999). H ouykévrpwon ota peyaka QOTIKG KEVTPa KUpiWg TwY YUVAIKiY, Kal LaAoTa omy npwredouca, unodnddvel axpiBiag ™m du- varémnta anagxdAnang exei. Ag ouvéneia TNS avéxelag Eivat yYwOTS TO TPSBANHG Nou avéKUWE Oto i510 xpoviKd 5id- amp, Kata To onoio ywiddec vee Yuvaixes oSnyouvtat omy EAAGSa and owparépmopous, kat entiSovra unoxpEoupevec otHY Nopveia (trafficking), npoxeipévou va eEaogaXicouy pia OIKOVOUIKA rinyA Napa THY anapdbextn expe- ‘TAAcUGN Kat-T Bia Nou UpioTavTat (EpKe-lou- AonouAou, 2005. Kavtapakn, 2000. Ynunevoc, 2001. Fakiolas & Alipranti-Maratou, 2000. Psim- menos, 2000) ‘Oka Ta napandvw otoixeia Siaypagouv Ty exxova Tg HETAvaoTpIAG MoU AAAZEL Ge OxEoT, he naAarstepeg nepiodouc: éxet uyNAdtEpN eK- TraiSeuon, eivat mo SuvapiKr Kat StexdiaryTinh] Be Bopevou oti anacxoreirai epyaciaxd oe orabe- 06 pubpS, ouxvd Sialeuypévn, xfiea A avurta- Vipn, gaiverat va aneheuBepavetat an Tov Kol- Vuwind EXeyXo, WaTda0 Sev ANO@ELYEL TOV KOI- vuviKd Staxwproyd Kai Tig Staxpierg nou my wOOUv va KivetTar enayyEApaTiKG KUpiWg OTO Xio- po THg UTIOBAGutpEvn¢ Epyaciag Kat KoIvwVIKG va nepiopiferat atov KUKAO Tg OIKoyEvEIaG fh wv cupnatpiuTiv. Ero onpeio auto npénet va avagepéet n Tw- piv} KowwviKooiKovopiKn Béon Twy ynyeviby EA- Anvidwv: CUpguva Ye Thy éKBeon Tou MayKd- optou Opyavicpou Yyeiag (WHO-Regional Office for Europe, 2005), 0 Seixtng avepyiag yia TUG ‘EdAnves (vdpEc Kat yuvaixec) PBdvel To 9,6%, 6mou auyKpITiKa ot Yuvaixeg éXouv UYNAdTEpN avepyia Kata 40% and Toug dvdpec, evs oT1G TAtKieg 15-24 n avepyia pBdvel GTO 35,7% Tou yuvaikeiou nAnBuopou. Opiopéva no1oniKd oTol- Xeia nAaiouivouv MY Exxéva auTH Ge NpdopaTH épeuva twv ToadixoyAou kat AptivoriouAou (2003) (N= 1000, o¢ A@rva Kat GeooadoviKn, 18- 85 erwv). ZUupwva ye Ty Epeuva auTT), ol EA- Anvides éxouy KavortoirTixh exKova uxiKT}G KAU Owpamxrig uyeiag, Cewpouv ont avetaniZovrat \adta Ue ToUG dvBpes (12,3% «andduTn odTHN Avtisetinton», 37,4% «apKeTd ioTIN aVvTIpETo- Ton», 31,8% Tw TOAMIOpOy (yEeTavaoTév-ynyeviov) om xspa unodoxnc efupaivetat Kat’ apyac Oto MAaicio Taw 5i-0padiKxiv oxécewy’ aAAd evéyel Kai evSo- ATOPIKES GUYKPOUTEIG yia 6,11 To TOO NpO- GRapBaver we SiapoperiKd and To o1Keio, TOUAG- XIOTOV OTHY aPYEKT Gaon THs YwwpILiAg YE TO Katvoupyio noAmioyd. AutS GuMOTA Tov «mOAIT- ‘outké KAovIoLO» (culture shock) rou cuvendyerat Kupinng avtiBpdaeig otpeg and To Gtouo: (a) xa- xunowpia Kat Napavoetdei¢ taaeIc, (B) Gyxog Kat KaTa6Anpn, (y) aio@nua aduvapiac, Névouc ap- @pdoewy, ainvia, vautia, avopegia «4. ou- umtdpara (Ward, Bochner & Furnham, 2001)°. O nodmigpixég Khovicndg wg KpioyiN avti- Spaon Kata Thy apyixh Pdon Mes pETavdoteu- ‘ang odfjynoe omy avarrtuEn Siapopuv Gewprm- KOY HOVTEAWY MoU eEETaCoUY TY uXoKOWWwMIKA, TpocapLOYT) Tww weTavacTiv. O Berry (1997) yia Tapdderyya, ee TaZel To KoWwVIKE KA PUXOAO- YiK6 MAaioto avapopdg Tou aTSyoU TIplV Th Le- Takivnon (ouveriKes Cwri¢, Ta kivyTpa KAN.) Kat ouvdéet Ta Siagopa oupMTwpata oTpEs HE TH don WUXORoYIKE MPOGaPHOYNG TOU BépyeraL To GTOHO Mplv, Kata Kat wets TH HeTaKivnon. Ze va rlapdpo.o povtédo n Ward (1996) ouvuTOAo- yilem SanoAmopexr) enapr} Kat adAayr Ge aTO- MIKO Kal KoWwwwiKé eninedo MOU GuMIGTOUY Tov emuTOATIOYS. O ermnokmiayds OpiZeTa «....96 MO- Amiopixr) aAAayH Mou eypaviZetal He TH oUVG- vinon duo 1 nepigddtepwy auTOvoHwy MOAT OMIKa CUoTHHGTwWY. H SuvapIKA TOU EMopE! va exAnpGei wg 1 enAextixry Npogappoyt Ge éva oUaTHUG aktav, we Nopeies NPoGappoyNS kat Bragoponoirong, we Snutoupyia ekekiKtiKiov AKOAOUBLAY Kal WE KABOPIOTIKH TwY POAWY Kat Twv NapaysvTw THE NPoOwrIKdTHTaG» (Social Science Research Council (1954: 974). To otpeq evundpxet om Stepyaoia tou erunodrtopod we avtidpaon ovig akAayés Zurig Kat om Stanovrn- OUIKr Enta@h. AUTS ovopdtet o Berry (1997) ert- TOATIOLIXd OTpEC. To eninoATioyiKd atpes uNopei va MapoU- ndzerai we Tous e& rg TenOUG: (a) Ng éK@Paoy TNS HaTaiwong (Stav o1 GuVvBr|KNg Tou GuvavTG. To GtOpO eiva Sragpoperixés Hh NTU 6yt ot ava- Hevopevec). (8) Q¢ KAoMOLSs tg TauTémMrAG Ka- 14m petaKivnon; o Tajfel (1981) unoompiter ont 1 KolvwwiKh] TaUTOTHTA Tou atéyou guvTiBeTat and Siagopenéc KowwwiKés TauToTMTES (MX. Yuvaixa-x6pn-adep@r-untépa), ev n Brewer (1999) avagépetat o¢ nodAanhég noAmiopiKés TAUTOMTES Tou aTSpOU Tig ortoieg avrAauBave- 6. 0 Hall (1983) avagépetar o& névte Kamyopieg cTOYYEIwy MOU Slapoponoioiy NoAmiOLIKG Ta Grou: (a) 0 xG@Pog (7 EvYUTNTA UE THY ONoia MANGIAZOULE Tov GAAO, 0 XWPOK YLa TH GUYKEVTPwWON MANPOMOPLUDY K.ATL), (B) 0 xP6V06 (uovoxponK" Sx4oTaON, NokUXPOWKH SiGoTaTM, 0 xpsvog cuVaVTHJEWW, Yi pavteBOU, via outHTHON), (Y) TAexrixr) cuumepIpopd (SuvaTOMTA TaUTIONS Ewousv aKdun KaL "ETA OTHY (Sta YAGGOA Opiac), (8) n uN AE- KKTIKA GULTEPLPOPA/erIKOIvavia (XEIPOVODIEC, KWTOEIG, BAELLATIKH ENAgH, ANTIK ENa~H) Kal (E) TO MAGiOW AD You: UpNAd (nx. KivéZor, FramwvéZor) H XOUNAG (Autos) rou avagépetaI om BapUTATA Tou “AdYoUr KaL Gxt OE ‘avagopés Fl unooyéoEIc VopiKod TUnoU HECa ota SrayeWPOpEVa YeTCED CUVOHANTAN. 7. To eninedo Tw d1-oyadixy oxédewy apopd Srapoperinh Npodéyyion nou Bev unopei va anaoxoAjoet neparrépw Ty napotaa Snyocievan naps ydvo CTO BaBud nou Sraxpiverau BiGonIapTa é0a oto Keijevo. 8. 0 avayvaatng napanéynetat oto BiBAio wv cuyypapéwy The Psychology of Culture Shock (2001, ava8e- wpnéw éxBoan), Grou avagépovrat BteEOdiKG oTHV éwo1a TOU NOATIOUKOU KAOVIaHOU AayBavovrag unoyN Ghoug ToUG Napayovtes rou GxETiLovtaL ye aUTOV. Tal BewpnTiKd we pwAtagpEves KAI MAGAANAES neta Touc, Oi Abrams Kat o1 cuvepyates TOU (1990, BX. Bond & Smith, 2005) onpeuivouv ne- partépw ja onpavtnr| Sidotaon, xpnown vio Tov entayyeApaia puxxrig uyeiag, To va efeTa- Zerar SAaSq 0 eautdg AapBGvovtag und dt Ge GAouG NoAmopOuG To «Latin eivat ‘taitepa onpaveixd Kat ennpedcet T cupMEpIpopA TOU ar6pou (nodmopo! ouAAoYIKSTMTAG), EVE OE GA- Aoug npowSetral n GTOMKATHTA (aTOWIKLETIKOL ToAmoLO!) éTOU To GroHO NpoTipG va eivat au- TOvOHO Kal EEXwpIOTS (Triandis, 1994), To ou- bnépaopa and Tig BaowKés autés BewprTtixés TO- ToBeTHoEIG Elva! Sui N KOWwMIKF TaUTéTTTa NpoG- Biopierat and Tig BianpoowrUKés KaL B-OMATIKES oxéaeg, 01 onoieg dtatapdccovrat Kata Tm pe- Tavdoreuan, Fiverat e Npopavig n avdyKn yia THY avaoUvBeon Twv TaUTOTHT!Y Tey ETava- OTpLdv, Aoyw THC OUPLETOXTHG TOUS OE f1Ia NOA- TOHIKT ONdda pe Siagoperixd xapaxmnprorind ond auta Mg MAelovéTaTaG, dnws eivai o TéNOG Yéwnong Tav npoyovwy, n YAdiooa, n BpnoKeia, Ta @UAETIKG xapaKTPIOTIKG, n LoTOpia. Ta oTOI- X€ia outa divowv ato Groyo Thy aic&non mM¢ ou- VOXTG Kal TwY Opiwy THE ONdSag TOU, EExwpito- viag ta péAn and ta un HEAN (Rosenthal & Hrynevich, 1985). H yAwooa, yia napdderyya, anotehel Bacixd oroixeio TH eBVvo-rOAMOpIKT}G TauToTTTaG Kal N anevoUpevn anwred TMS ano- Tedei oMHavnKd napdyovta NpdKANon¢ aTPES (Johnson, 1986. Naupiéne, 1997). Erundgov, n diaKont fh couvéyeia Twv PdAwv-cULMEPIpopaY Tou €xe1 artoxtr}aet to €topO HEGA aNd Thy KoI- vavixonoinon ce nponyoupeves pagel, Exe WG anoréXequa Thy npdKAnon Evtovou atpES, (¥) Ac YuxooupatKs adprrupa: Kata ™m Siadixagia entroAtiopou napouatdZovrat Fnta puxoowpaTl- kG oUpITTdpara Nou avTETwniZovtal KabdC ava- MrUocovrat oto [ETAEG TaKTIKES avTIETuMONG OTPEG Kal EKTILNONS Twv NEOBANLGTwW and To Gropo. Orav ta npoBAjpara Eenepvouv Tm Suva- Todunolurioutxrt conpockeorixr kan Bepaneia or yovaixes ueraviarpies © 97 TOMMTA TOU Ya avMPETeTION, Tote Nopoundverat uxoraBohoyia h WuxtKr aoBEvera (ouMABWG KA- TOBIN Kat LN avTIPETNicINo dyxoc). H éwo1a TG avbexTxOTTAG Nov Ta TeNEUTaia xpSvia éxet e19aXBei OTH aXETIKF] BIBKoypagia avagépetat AKpIBuE OTIg SeE\oTTES Tou aTdpou va avtiE- Tunigel yéoa and avtiodmmtec tic S:dpopES Bu- OKoRieg Kal va peTaBei ova endyeva orddia ava: mung Tou (Masten, 2001. Patterson, 2002). Or BeESmHTeES utés guvapTavrai Ue cToIXcia ME NpoouniKoTHTaG, Ti¢ EpnoKEUTIKES nenoIGh: oeiginveupariKétnta, My unooTplen ané Ty o- KOYEVEIA Kal TOV KOIVeVIKO TIEpIYUPO. Avayvupiovtac my evakwrémra tou até- hou yevixé Kav ™ yleTavdoteuon, npaypato- TotouvTal MAGo¢ Epeuvav YUU aN THY uXLRT uyeia nou Beixvouv UGAAov avtipatixd anoTeAs- ouara yta Adyoug ou axeriZovrai Td00 pe THY ‘aKoKoUBOU HEN HEBOOAOYIA TOUS 600 Kal HE TIC Kowvég nerov@rjgerc Tau ermpedzouv Tov epeuvn- TT} KQL TOV £15IKO KAIVIKE OTIC Siayviboeig TOU. Mia and autég Tig Nenoi@Aoeig eival Sti ot yuvaiKEs eivar nepioddtepo Euddustes and Toug avépe< o™ diepyavia mg Npocappoyrc. MepiKés na- PALETPOL onHaVTIKES om SiepEuvnan Tou BELa- TOC AUTO apopoww: i, Tg TaKtiKEg npooapLoync: epeumTTiKa éxet Kataypamel (xwpig AUTO va eniBeBawdverar nd- vta npog Ty iia KatevBuvon) (Ataca, 1996. Dona & Berry, 1994. Sam, 2000. Ward & Kennedy, 1994. Tewpyag & Manactudavou, 1993. NanaotuAiavou, 2000. LaBPidou, Zhon & Povtos, 2006) 611 o1 enuhoyéc ang raxTiKES MpO- cappoyric® (nepBwpionoinan, apoyoiwen, evap- HOMOn, Blaxwprayde) nov 6a viobeTT}dE! To Gto- Ho uerd Ty Kpion/ouvavmman Twv diagopeTIKY nokTiowiv NpoBAénouV Ge KaTIOIo Babyd To otpec. ZuyreKpuieva, n evapydvian, enteidt eivar a TaKTiKt \dopponiag oTig EmMAoyés Twv CTOI- yeiwv Tw BUo MOAI NPOBAENera va xapa- 9. Octaxtikéc npooappoyric avapépovTar CTO HovTEAO PUXOKOIVwVERTIG NpooAPLOYTIG TOU J. Berry (1997) via Yo onvio yiverai Adyog Kat OE GAAO oTel0 Tou apBpou 98 © Avrwvia Hanagtuliavoy xmpiferai and xaynd6 eninoAmiouixd otpec. Ev- dt4ped0 BaByud npoBAénerat eniong va napou- MldZouv o1 TaKTUKES THS apopoiwans (rabTION HE THY Kupiapxn opdda} Kai Tou Siaxwipiopou (an6- UPON OTH oLdda NpogAEUOT|), Eves UNAS ent TIORTIOWIK OTpES avapéveTal va NapoUTaZoUV Ta dropa de nepiBwpionoinan nou Sev Katapép- Vouv va damnprigouy ote Ta NOAITIOLIKG oTOL- Xela TC ONddag Tous oute auTd me xs\pag UNO Boytig, SnAadr Ta Gtoua ae ovyxuON Kai pe art Asta rautdmtac. To Tio otaBeps eupnia Tww na- pandvw epeuvaay add Kat dAAwy evroniZetat om oxXéon ME TaKTIKHS TS EvaPHOVIONG HE XANAG eMIMOATIGLIKG oTpES. fi, Tov TUno peravdatevoNs: oTIG oXETIKES Epeuves Kataypdgerain axéon Tou aTpEG KOI LE Tov TUNO peTaKivnonc, SnAadr petavdoteuon, Rpoopuyid, nakwoathan Hf MpoowpivT ueTaKivy- on (n.X. UNGAAAWY Ge TMOAUEBVIKES ETaIpE‘e<), Tou unoSnAdvet ta aitia Tg yEtaKivnong Kat anorehei onaveixr napdyetpo oTig TaKtiKés Tpocapyoyric. Fa napdderyya ot wetavdotes|- atpieg" Buivouy orpec To ontoio nomKidnel ava Roya He To xpdvo napayoviig oT xWpa uNOdO- Hig, Tig NoAtiopnés Stapopes Kai Ty TAKTIKA eMIMOATIGWOU Nou UIoBeTOU (BA. n.n.). Emy ne- pirrwon Twv NakwooTouvTwv"", To apxiKd oTpES ‘avapéverat va jetdverar ory Mopeia, avakoya TAVTa UE GTOLIKOUG Kat KOIVWVIKOTIOATIOLIKOUS Tapdyovtec. Emmy nepinrwon twv npoapuywv'? 11 Unapén Tpauparexrig eymeipiag, n anddeta, o 6 Bog Kain avayKacTiKH HeTaKivnon eruBapu- vouv Ty WuxiKr) \Goppontia Kat Bewpouvrar Biai- Tepa onpavTixd oToIxeia CTO twTOPIKS TOU GTOyOU (Griffiths, 2002. Papadopoulos & Hilderbrand, 1997. Flanadénoudog, 2005) via neparrépu aéio- AOyNON Kat avtiPETwMIGN. Ta anoteAgoyata epeuvisy (Tedpyac & MlanactuAiavos, 1993. Ko- aime, 2005. Mrdavaxn¢, 2005: ManaotuAavod, und dnposievon. Nanactudtavou, 2000. Zappi- Bou, Zhon & Pévroc, 2006. Berry, 1997. Ward & Kennedy, 1994) oxerixd ue tov TUrto petaximnong omiAAOUW avdhoya Kai we @AAOUG aTOLIKOUG na Payovtes, énws To pUAo Kain nluKia, H épeuva Twv ZapBiSou, Zhon Kai Pévrou (2006) oe EXAN- wiKd not (v=90) Beixver ot ot ANBavides rou ert- AEYOUV To BiaXwploys wg TaKTuKr} Npoo|pHOyTiG (30%) SnAGvouv yn tavoriompéves and mv no- TrTa Gurig Tous, eves ANBavidec Kat BouAydpes, BiGvouv évrovo oTpec Kat apwrTTiKF| WUXIKH LYE‘ Tou ouoxeriZetat pe THY AvtAaLBavépevn Moh Tiopuxr Andotacn Kat KowwviKh| Aidxpion and Toug vrémous, O1 NanactuNavou (2000) Kat Fe pyag xat Manactukiavou (1993), omy EAAGSa, AAG Kat o Sam (2000), oto eEwrepiKd, Exouv eni- ong Kataypawet my evaAwTétTTa Tow yuvaIKiv UETaVaCTpIOY we NPOS THY WuXIKH UyEia Ge OXé- om He Tous dvdpec, evad adAec Epeuves evtori- Couv to avtideto (Boski, 1990, 1994). Ze oxéon we my nkuxia, n épeuva Twv Miller kat Chandler (2002) yia tov ertnoAmopé Kat Ta ‘upmméspata Kara@Aupng o¢ HeoMiKEs yuvaikes ANd Thy Mpdnv LoBtetiKr ‘Evwon atic HMMA éBet- Fe ompavtixd uynAdrepa enineda KaTaBAuync orig ueyardtepes oF NAiKia yuvaiKes o€ oXEON, He Tov Vimo MANGUOUS, eved oTIG vedTEpES KO- TaypapnKavy XaynAdtepa enineda Karaeanyng Kal OuyKexpiyéva de does [AOUGaV ayYAIKE Kal Tapouoiatay yeyaAttepn avBeKtixémnta. Ent- 10. Meravdotec/oovopixoi petavdores Bewpoivrat Ta droya nou olKeloBeAd LeTaKWouVTaL YOM F NpO- owpivd (yia HepKd Xpsvia) Ge a GAN xGpa Via va EpyaaTOWY Kal yia va BeATIGOUY TIC GUVEFKES CurIG TOUS, 11, Fladwootouvres Gewpodvrat ta dtoya nou werd ané weyéAo Sidotmya SiaBiwong oe adAn xWpa ert- otpégouy om xwpa KaTaYwyHg f eyKaBioTaVTaL oT XGA TOV NPOYovUN (KwpIG va EXoUV YEwnBel Ot (8101 oT xupa cum). 12. Nesopuyes Bewpotivrai ra droya nou eyxaradeinouv my naTpiba Tous (f REpIOyr THQ), ENEISH BuoKovraL Yl AdyoU QUAETIKONG, BpOKEUTIKOUG, EBVIKOUG, TIOAMKOUG, ATS anoBEderypEvo GOPO Sti KivoUVEUE: N Liaf TOUS Fin nepiouoia tous Kat Bev unopouv va npoctaTEUBoLW ANS Tm Xidpa ToUG (opIgUdG TOU OHE, 1951). MAgov, ot Ward, Bochner at Furnham (2001) oe avaoxénnan oTig épeuves erunoAmiapou enton- Haivouy én1 oTic axéaeIg yovéwy Kai naLBudv Ka- Taypapovrat diagoperiKés HETAEY Tous anders he MipoadiopiowiKs oroixeio Ty NAiKia anévavri omy vio8ENON H Ox! StaoTGoewy Tou MOATIOHOU ‘TMG Xwpag UNodox"¢. H exnaiSevon naiver eni- ‘ONG OTPAVTIKG POAC OTH HELWHEVN EUDEVION OTPEG Kal OTHY KAAUTEPN WUXOKOLAVIKT MpO- Sappoyr (Javasuriya, Sang & Fielding, 1992), ah- Ad ory nepintwon Twv orKOVOIKiY HETaVa- OTpIdv (e1Sixd and Tic xdpEC Tg NPwny ZoBieTt- KAg Evwong Kal Tg Badkavixéc xwpes) eivat ou- wi@nc n UNOBABytON Tou HopPwTIKOU erunédou (BA. ru) Kat anoreAei emMBapuvTix6 Napayovra TNG apynTiKtig PuyiKris uyeiag. il, 10 xp6vo mapayowic om xwpa UROdOXTIG Gewpieg yUpw and my Nopeia TIC ONAAG pu XOKOIVWVIKG MIpOdaPHOYAG avarTUXENKay, eoTIdZovtac OF HAAAOV OXTATIKH AVTIANYWN (1.x: 1 Bewpia U-curve, rou avtrAgypaverat Ty apx!- Kf} eugopia Tv aTouwv va UNoxwpel HeETA TIG Tipsireg SuoKOies Kat yeTd va avaviyTTet oe 51a- 8con, o€ SidotHHa nepinou tpuiv H TevodpwY Xpdvwv" napadAayi) anoteAsi n Bewpia W-curve Grav cupneprapBaverat n entav-cicodog om gr AoEevouoa xwpa, uExpi va NPOGapHOGTel CTO Kawvoupyio xwpo eyKataataong —BA. oXeTIKA ‘vaoxérman ctous Ward, Bochner kat Furnham, 2001). 01 Bewpies autéc Sev entBeBawvovrar nd- vra ylar éva nAABoc rapayévTwy une\Gépyovrat OT idtaitepa NOAUMAKN auTH Stepyacia nou hnopei va anantfiget Mohd nepioostepa xpovia Expt To drouo va opaAoMottiaet Ty Zin TOU. iv. mv npoownxétyta: otoxxeia TAG NPOOW- TuKéTHTAG, GAwE N KavoTHTa Ed€yxou (Sam, 1998), n av@extixémmra (Ataca, 1996), n avraAnyn EowrepiKou Kévtpou edéyxou"? (Neto, 1995), n, ToAvnoliniopixy ovpPovdevtrxr, kat Gepaneta oc yovaixes weravdorpic @ 99 aio®non m¢ auvoytic (Aycan & Berry, 1996). To XAUNAG eninedo Soyatiapou (Taft & Steinkalk, 1985), n aio®non povakidg (Neto, 1995) exer na- pampnéei oti ennpedZouv Ty WuXoKo.WwrIKA TMpooappoyh Twv UeTavactay népa and Tous KOLWVIKOUG Kal OIKOyEVEIaKOUG MapayovTES (Ward, Bochner & Furhnam, 2001), 01 onoiot pe THY Napoxn uNooTHpIENG HMopouy va PerTIW- couv Ty aigGnon eunpepiag Kat Ty NoiTyTa Gung (Ataca, 1996). Ta cuvtién npoBAjpata THs WuXoKOTMUWIKTC Tpooappoyric: Neplexopevo Tou “artparoq» Péko1. Ta ouvndéotepa MpOBAF HATA Tuy He- Tavactpiv/npoapbyuv agopouv Kupiwg THY aAAayr podwy uéda aTHY oIKoYEvEIA (Saka, Dikaiou & Kiosseoglou, 1999). Or pdAot T¢ Yu- vaixag péca oTHY OIKoYEvEIA we LNTEpAG Kat epyatouévng nopayévouv iBiaitepa eniBapuvtt- Koi. Erot, o1 (Ste yetadérouv TY NapOXh @PO- vridag Twv na\Siev Ge KaTlo1a guyyevh. Sta éxet petavactevoei n extetapévn oKoyévela (1.x. auté aupBaiver ‘iaitepa pe ToUg NévTioug, kai Toug AkBavouc/Bopetonneipirec) 1 oe nat BiKOUG CTABLOUG, H KoWwvIKT NOALTIKA GTO BE- ha auté pope: va SteuUKoAUvE! onHavTiKd Ta TpoBAryaTa apou, énu¢ napammpein MousoU- pou (1993), axdpn Kai n ZuvOnKn Zévykev ave petuniver TM MeTavagTEUTiKt) oIKOYEVEIa OTO MAaioto THs HETAVACTEUTIKIG MOAITIKNS Kal OX! ING MOAITIKNg Yid THY OIKOYEVEIG. NpayHa Nou Siapoponoiei tov «GAAo» and Tov vromto Kat hnopei va mpoxadei KovwwiKr) avtinapdéecn Tw HEV pos TOUS 6. EEGMou, drav Ta WEAN TE oiKoyEvELAg Na- poyévouv ay x%pa KaTaywyn¢ (AppIKK, Agia, Avatohixt Euparn), eivar ouvnBec 01 yuvaiKes va avakayBavouv Thy unooTHpIEN Kal THY eK naiSevoT THY NaIBudv TOUS H GAAWY WEAwY TIC 13. Zdppava pe Mm BewpnTKA auTH Ewota (BA. Rotter, 1966) To Growo avrAayBaveral 611 n Cut} Tou ekapTa- Tal and nic diKés TOU EvEpYELES KAI 6X' ANG GAAOUC NapayovTeS, éEw and Tov ito, dwg cupBaivel ata Groya UE EE WTEpIKG KEVTPO EASYXOU, 100 @ Avrwvia Manaorwliavos olkoyévelag oTepoupeves THY NapouGia Tous Kal Tv enaph padi Tous. Ta nadia peyaAwvouv ie ouyyeveig Kat peydAn andotacn ya NOA- Aée peTavaorpies eivar anayopeuTixh yia ent: oxéipeic, we amoréAeopa va Repvouy jeyaha Xpovixd Stactriyara paKpid Tous, To PPSBANHA UTS THC HOIpAALEvNG OIKoYEvELAg SnULOUPYEL UYva Evoxés OTIC UNTEpES Mou oTEpOUVTAL THY euKaipia va ueyaAdaouv ta naidid Tous. AUTO anotedsi BaoiKt attia avnauyiag Kat ayxous, Flapspowo paivopevo, to onoio ovopaatnKe “«xWAf} o1KoyEvela Fl «xatatpNpEvn Kata yeveés olKoyE veld», RapaTnpHONKe Kai oTV EAAGSa, kupiug Kata Tig Sexaetieg tou 1950, tou 1960 kat Tou 1970, SnAady ts pariKrig peTavdoteu- ang pos Tig KwPES THE AUTIXG Kat Bopelag Eupanne'*. Ta npoBajpara ano aurd ta 5e50- Eva eivat (Siaitepa cofapa, 1600 yia Ta nat5ia 600 kat yia ™ pntépa (Collaros & Mousourou, 1978. Falicov, 2004. Lyketsos, 1977. Mougou- pou, 1989, 1990. NanaotuAtavou, 2003, 2005). Oi Furnham Kat Shiech (1993) eriBeBaudvouv avtiotoixa oe Epeuva Tous oti n Unap—n nA Kwpévwv Yovéwy, Mou éuewvay niow otny na- rpida, SjpwoupyouTe aUENHEvo oTpEG GTOUS YE tavdatec deuTepne Yew, H Suvayn omy o1Koyévela Katy HeTaromuoT} ‘MC ouvaptavtal pe dca ypagovrat nto nav ia Tous POdOUG. Erie NEPUTTUIELG MOU N O1KO- ‘yéveia Kat Ta natdid Zouv oT EAAGSa, n epya- aia Tg yuvaiKxag GuXva UNOSNAdvet To Loipa- Opa thg Suvayng (SuvayNg ekéyyou, SuvayNg oT™ Ann anopacewv)"> pe Tov natépa FTN He- TaKivar TNS and Tov natépa npog TH UNTEPA. Ze MoAiopous, érw< 01 avaTOAIKOi, aNd TOUS omoioug épyovtat MOAAgc eTavaoTpIEs Kal T1p6- ‘O@UYES, N GAAAYT AUTH) NPOKAAE! TPLYHOUS oT oiKoyévera, yiati otic xwpeg NPOEAEUAT|C ToUG O vBpag avakapBaver my euBuvn auTh, adAd éxet Kal Tov TeheuTaio Aéyo ota Béyata THC OKOYE- veiac (Ho, 1987 BoudyapiSou & Topapdc, 2001" FowiSaxng x.6., 2005). H Suvayn nou anoxtd n yuvaika pe thy €£056 te and To onint Kat Thv anéKman xpnpatwy adAdZet Tig \aopponies, Eto MAaioto auTév Twv GuyKPOUGEWY, OL ONOIES OXE- rilovrat ye THY andaeta oIKEiwy aToIyeiwv, T pataiwon Kai Thy éXAstpn KoWwwwiKAIC UNOOTTIpI- Eng Kat eA€yXou, ot avtiSpaceie wéa OTHY o1- Koyévela Guyvd YivovTal aKpaiec He CwHaTIKE f Aextixr} KaKOroinjON TE YUVAiKaG fh Kal Tw Tat Biv 6tav xpnoiponovouvrat we evdidueca om obyKpouon Tw UvTpépuV. Emy nepintwon Twv ypwv fh dtaZeuypEvuv Oriou dev uNdpyet o auZuyos 1 0 aUluyoc eival PUAAKIOHEVOG, 5iw- Kopevoc K.AN., eTaBeon eueuvav ouvendye- Tal npdaGeta BapN we NpOG Ta eEapTUEVa HE An tng o1Koyévetac. H umtoBG6,10n Tou KowwviKoLoppwTiKoU aTa- Toug. H UNOBAB,LEN Tou HOPPUTIKOU KE@PaAAIOU Kal N «nlapeunddion» Me KoIvwwIxTiG KIVTTIKOTT- Tac OT XWpa UNOdOy"G aNoTeAoUY peWwTIKEG uveriKec avayeca omic uNdAdINES avtiEoEs cUV- 6rixeg StaBiwone Kard ™ wETavacteuo, patvd- evo Tou NapaTnpeitat Kal ge GAAEG XwPES TNS Notiac Eupainng (Fakiolas & Alipranti-Maratou, 2000). H unoBa@\uon eivat miBavév va odnyfaet ‘omy «anonpoownonoinans uéoa ané my ana- oxOANON Twv UETavaaTpUiY KUpiug WE Epya- TplGv, KABapIOTPIY, QpovTIOTPIGY avarnpwv Mndxuopévuv KAT. (Euxe-Moudonovaou, 2005. KaBouvidn, 2002. Swmnprdsou, 2000. Unuévoc, 2001). Se aut?) mv nepintwon n Séopevon omy epyaoia cuxva naipvei to xapaxTripa KatavayKa- omixiig epyaciag we dha Ta uXORoyIKG enaKe- 14. Me Tov 6p0 «xwAr oKoyéveia xapaxmmpietaL n omKoyévela Te Onto{ag 0 évag aNd ToUg BLO yoveig HE- Tavaatever Via va eEaapaAioei népouG via THY OIKOYEVENd TOU, Evid O GAAOG YovEas SrapEvet pe Ta Nada. ME Tov Opo «KaTaTHNHEVN KaTa yevess oIKOYEvEIO» (SNAGST XwpLTA aNd Tous yoveic) xapaxtnpiZerat n o1KoyévEIa MG onoIag 01 YoveiG UeTavaaTELOUY Kat O1 BLO yIa TOV {510 AYO Kat Ta TII5IG LEYAAGVOUY HE TOUS RaTMTovBEG 1 GAAoug ouyyeveis omy naTpida. 15. 0 dpog anavtd amy xowwwionoyia Kar éxet ‘iaitepn anHasia Cov Tpéno AEtToupyiag Tg orKoyEvELAG, AouBa (puxoowparixd oupnTaparTa, aoBeveres, konwon)'®. Exet napatpnéei eniong tn ouv- @Fixn GUTH NMpoKaAE! GuXVa To aioBhHA ™m> Hataiwang Kat BéTeI To GTOUO Ge UYMASTEPO Kiv- Buvo puxoroyixrc Suodettoupyiag Kat KaTaeAI- ng (Aycan & Berry, 1996. Beiser, Johnson & Turner, 1993. Berry, 1997. Kristensson, Silberg & Hallberg, 2007), evid éxet kataypagei 6ti n iKavo- Tloinan and Thy epyacia eEao@anifer KaUTEpES ouvernes (uric (Coie et al., 1993. Gushue, 1993. Patterson, 2002) xat adr wuxixn uyeia (Gibbs & Fuery, 1994). OeniKé pope’ va Aeroupyroet n HETaTorion, Twv NpooBoxiwv Tous ata naldid Tous we ENXxaM- Oude avtioTd8ptos, avaAoya pe Ty EupUTTTA QVTAF Ew TG MOATLOUIKTIg TOU NpoEAEUONE, ev TaUTOXpova LNopei va OSNyraet KaL oTHV WoReMon andPewy Tuy yNYEViY, MPOKEWEVOU va enituyouv 6c0 to Suvatév nepioadtepouc and Tous oTdxoug THE HETavdarEUONS, ‘Eror, yia na- paBeryya, Ge Epeuva ya THY EUMAOKH Twv Madv- VooTouvtww Kal peTavacTiov yovewy oTHY ExTIal- BeutKy SiadiKacia Twv naiSudv tous, napampr- Enke 6t1 01 AABavoi yoveis (\Siaitepa o1 ynrépec) evorepvifovtat Tig akies yO8nong tev EAAHVev Yovéw nepiadtepo and tous yoveig and my Todnv EoBietixh Evwon Kai npoaBoxouv Tv Oo- KAFjowon Tw onoudiv Twv NaiSidv Tous HEXpL Thy TpitoBd8pta ExnaiSeuon (Manaotukavou, und Snyosieuon). A entPeBaiwon avagépetat To Gua Nou MpoeKuwe Ta TeheUTaIa xpovia KATE Tic XONKEg MapEddgerc de eBviKES EopTéS, étav © Apiotog HABHTIg NOU Ba oNKwoEL Tm oN}aIa oupBaivel va eivar adAoeBvrig, ondte Sqywoupyou- Vrat avtinapaBéceic je Tous vrntous yoveis, H avtidnyn tou xpdvou. H avridnin Tou xp6- Vou aXnaZet KaBKi¢ 01 HETAVGOTES, e151Kd TOV IPA To Kalp6, npoonaBouv va npECAPHOGTOW ATO KaI- Voupyio nAaioio, SuoKodeUOvraI va opyaviscouy Tug SpaamprsMTEs TOUS Ka TIG KWHOEIG TOUS HE Tlounokariopixy, ovpPovdevuixy; kat Oepaneia oe yovaikec peravéorpiec @ 101 ‘anoréAecua va xavouv Ta épia Tou xpdvou. Ze no- AU-TPOBANLATKés OKOYEVELEG, Orwe RapOUNAzO- vrat apKeTég @opEC AOYW MG AVEXEIAG OL OKOYE- veleg LETAVAOTOV, xaVETaI N UOAOYIZOHEMN Bidp- KEIG OpIoLEvwy pacEwY avamTuENG, Adyou XGpN TwV MabidY, Kai WETABETOUY Tic aVOLEVOLEVES oU- lmeprpopés oe AAAS Nukies FTI ayvooUN TeAgi- wx, HE aMOTEACOLA N wpipaven va Siagevyer Hot mipoodoxieg va efavepiZovrat (Falicov, 1988. Hall, 1983. Lago & Thompson, 1997. Williamson & Bray, 1988. Nanaotudavol, 2005) H ouyxpouan afi. Ot anamoeig nou éxou 01 MoAAaNAoi PdAOI TNE HETAvaaTpIAG MoU NpO- épxetat and napadooiaKd nepiBaddovra, omoia 6a npénei va unnperei GUZUYO, NaIdid Kat va epydcerat tautéxpova —e dinka rh TpnAG wpdpia— Thy avayKdZouv va eyKatareiel Ti¢ Tapadooaxés akieg gpovtibag ondte eivat mt- @avév va npoximouv GuyKpouelc avéyieda oto Zeuydpt adda Kat ora naidia. Ot Tpdro1 edéyXoU THC GULMEPIpOPaS [EGA ANd TIC KOLVwMIKEG akieg ouxvd Siagépouv avayeca otoug ouva- VI@pEVOUG MOAMTIGLOUG, HE aNOTEAECHA ot YO- veig va mpénet ¥| va aAAGEoUv Tov Tpéro KOI viKortoinang Twv na\Swv F va CuyKpoUOvral Ha- ZW tous pe To népagua Tou xpdvou, KaGWE Ta Nal- 314 MPoapydzovtar ato véo NEPIBGAOV (Ho, 1987. MoTm-Stegavibn, 2005. Nanactudtavou, 2005. Nanactudtavou, und SnHogieuon). Ero. adAayr tng Soprc onaivel NyoTepN Suvayn yia EdeyXO, eTIBOAN vEw MpoTUMWY Kal anopacEwY uéca amy omoyévera (Falicov, 1988. Boudyapi- Bou & Touapac, 2001). H avaudppwon dddwy oroixeiwy TI TaUTO- THTag. H adAayt, oF OplopEves NepITTAdEIG, TOU ovopatog Tw yeTavacTpiv, NpoKEILévoU va Boouv enayyeAyarixr) anaoxoAnon PEpouEVEC wo ynyeveig (Lua CuvTOng NpaKtiKh Twv HeTava- oviv Ge OAKES xspEC), HN aNdKpUIpN SLO- Yoaginiy ororxeiwy kal neparépw Tuv npodso- 16. H Stepedvnon Tou Béyatog He TIC OXETIKES KAiNOKES, Via NapaBEryHa KAIpaKEs Nou akoAoyouV Ty Enay- YeAwarikr e€ouBévwon (buoUt), FYE vaAUOR ADYOU GE GUvEVTEDEEIC BG LMOPOUE MIBaVIs< va eMBeBaUdOEI TIC Topamprseig autés. BA. nx. Kristensson, Silberg & Hallberg (2007) 102 @ Avtwvia Manaorvliavod Kidv, cuvaIGENydTwv, andPpewy Kai nenoBIEwY Trou Sev nopouv va yivouv gavepd Aéyw Tou @6Bou tng aNéppIyNg, cUVCTOLW NpdoBeTES Su- oKonieg oTHY uyOKoIvwviKr PPOGAPHOYA (Ma- naotuAtavou, 2005). Me autd Tov tpéno, n véa Kowavixt TauTéTNTA Mou anarreirat va Siapop- ‘@oouy civat appiBoAo av avrixarorTpiet Bett Kf QuToeKTiLInon Tou GUPBaAAEL oT OUYKAIOT HE Thy €€w-opdda (Bewpia m¢ Kowvowinhg Tautd- ‘MTag Tou Tajfel, 1981). Eto Baud nou n Beth autonoinon evéxel Thy anodoxh Tou «AAAou», T)KpaTiKF] NoArTiKF] UNOSOXNAG Kat S1a8eon Tov Ynyevav via Thy anoBoxt} Tous Ew and ta pia MG EIKOvaG Tg avEIBixeUTHS EpYATPIAG, UTIOA- AnAou, aypotiacag Ff o1KiaKr¢ BonBou eivat m- Gavév va SuoKoAEvOUV aK6pN rIEpLOGSTEpO T Brayspqucn prac Sernr}g oxéong Ue Tov eauTs NAM Kat ye TOUS @AOUS. Suvjbeieg Kai teheroupyies. Ot Ka8nyepivés, ouvrideres Kat Tederoupyies, Adyou x6pn yUpw ané Tv TpOgH, | BpnoKeuTIK6TMTa-AaTpe!a, TY emtxowvwvia pe Tous oxKeioug, Tig ylopTég Kal erte- Teioug, aAAAZOUV KaBKiG aTroKTOUW GAAN vonHaTO- Bdmon, Adyw Twv Siagoperixiv avayKiv nou Tipokurrou (MlanactuNtavod, 2005). H yetava- OTEUON, SMUG Kal MPOG@UYIG WG TPaUHA (PEN ng ouvéxe1ac) (Manaddnoudog, 2005), anotehouv LN LSvIvo aNoXwPIOLS Kar yi aUTS dev TehouvTaL enionpec tedeToupyies név@oug yt’ auTés TG Ne- plotdaeig (Sng oTHY TepimTwON Tou Bavarou}, ure nu-erionues (Gru oTHV NepinTwOM TOU 5ia- Zuyiou). O Eisenbruch (1990) avagéperat omy év- Vola Tou «mioAmTiopiKod névBouG» ya va neprypa- tpet To aioGnpia nou Siaxaréxet tov npdapuya, Ao- Yw Tuy anwhetdv nou éxet unooTei, aXAG rou anto- TeAsi Kat mthaigio éoa Oto onoio ynopei va yivouv avTannttés wg uyteig ot axeTixés avTiBpdceig Tou omy nopeia opaAonoinang ME Guric Tou. 4. H avatiimmon Boreiag and nig Kowuvixés, Yninpeaies, Ainua Kai Béopevon Ot eowrepiKés ouyxpourtanés KaTacTacEIS —agareg aAAG Kai ouvelSnta KPULHEVEG OU- Xva— 6g autég rou avagépEnkav nponyou- pévac, dev eival navta EUKodO va avripeTwont- crouy enttuxiig and Tig wetavdorptes. Ot Ynn- pedieg oig onoieg éxouy th Suvatétnta va aneuduvdouv yia puxodoyiKt uOOTpIEN far} EupBoudeutih oTHV EAAGSa eival oXETIKA Ne- ploploLEves Kal axETIZovTaL GUVH|BUC fe OpLOHE- va emiSdyata Kai Karoiec dAAEg SteUKOAUVOEIG Tou apopouv KUpwg ToUg xapaKTPLaHEVvoUG ag opoyeveis HH npsaquyes HE MapOXH aoUAOU (KaBouvidn, 2002, KaXwiKaKn, 2005, ‘Eqke-Mou- AonovAou, 2005). [a Ta BéyaTa WuxiKnc/owya- ‘tnrig uysiag, extég and Tig KpaTiKEs Boyes (KE- vipa Wuxuxrig Yyeiac, Nocoropeia K.An.) mou TipoapEpoWN TIC UNINPEGIEG TOUG dE AOUS TOUS TioditeG, o1 Yrinpeaies Apwyric NooapuYwN, HE- TAVAGTIOV KOI ONWOCTOUVTWW eival MOAU CUXVa ‘ot Mn KuBepyntixéc Opyavidaeic”” atoug oxo- Toug Tav onolwy GuuneptAayBavovrat n uTo- Boriénon oT avmpeTdimion epyamiaKty Kat KoI- VuviKGY NpOBANLATwY, n NAPOX" VOUKGY CULL Bouhv, n avrersimion npoBAnuaTuy vyeiag Kat ny WuxodoyiKt) UTOaTHPIEH TOUS. AgiZet va onyewOodv ot Rapamnpriaeig TOU Nicassio (1985) ei5ixdtepa yia Tous npdaguyes, 6u1 SnAadh UioGeTouW NaBnTIKOUG PSAOUG BULA- Tomoinang Kara ™ @UYT TOUS AAG Kat ETS, Ka- 14 Thy EyKaTAOTAGT TOUS Ge AAAO/-n XwpOI-a, Kat agrvovrat UREpBONKG oTO EXEOg TwY YpA- getoKpatiKidy diadikacuiv Kat BeopLiv GE BAS nou avarrdocouy kta Biairepn aio&non «aBon- @nordc» (helplessness) kat Bewpouv Tc Npoond- @eiég Tous dyoves, Yeyovds nou eEnyei™ OUXVa 17, Mera twv opyavuioewy, Kuping yn KuBepyTTrHKGy, Trou aoXohouvTaI LE TOUS NpsapUYEC/HETAVGaTES /Ma- Awootouvtes eivat to EXnuKd FyRBoUAo yia TOUS Npsoguyes, n EueeWn MOAN, n KAPITAS. EAAGC, n Ate vig Koivowux} Yrmpeoia (enonrederat and to Yroupyeio Yyeiag & Mpovoiac), 0 AueBig Opyaiopéc Metavéoteuans, 0 EdAnwikég Epu8pdg Ztaupdc, n Yndtn Appooteia tou OHE, to KEI, ot Matpoi tou Koopou, To ‘pupa Kor veuurrig Epyaaiag, ot Fiarpot Xwpig Euvopa, (01 onoior cuvepydomnKay npsBupa oT aUAAOYH] ToIxEiwy NOU napovardovrar oto oxEriKs nivaKa THg Napovaag SnyOcievEN|). Nlivaxag 2 Katavopr, emoxépewy peravaotpiiv yuvaiKiy To Kévrpo Hpépas (V.K.A.N.) Kava xipa/ Nivaxag 3 uyvérntes WuxIaTpIKGY BiayveoEwY ‘to Kévrpo Hyépag (¥.K.A.N.) TiEpioyt} MpoeAEUONG (2000-2003) (2000-2003) Xdpa ‘Euxvernra (1) Xopa Zuxvérnra () AdBavia 20 Woxwon 13 Badxavixés xpeG 10 | | Atatapaxés 51a8eon¢ 18 Avat. Euponn 5 ‘Buatapaxéc Gyxous 15 Agput 2 ‘Atatapax} Eom = e TpoowmuKémmras ; Méon Avatohh 5 Aoia 3 a 2 ZOvonro 50 Zuvoho 50 Tapatnpoupeyn KaTa@AuTtiKh Siarapayr oTiG Koworntés Tous, To aitmua nat 7 Séouevan, To «aimyor, Bn- adi H Orto10u TUnou PoFBe1a ZyTdet va NdpEL N petavaorpia (fo petavaom™ms) and unnpedies, ex@pdzerar SuvayiKd 1 Gxt, avaAoya fe Tov no- Artiopd Kat Tig akieg Tou gépet. 'ETaL, aKdLIN Kat av UndpXel wg avayan F EmBupa, To afta BU- ‘oKoha EK@pAZETAI Ka Stay EKppaTTe’, SUOKOAA eupvel o¢ auté n uetavdorpia. Ma napdderyua ‘utd napampeita ouxva aroug Mévrious no- Awootouvtes, énwc napampoy o1 Naupiong (1997) Kat Zaipaxng Kat KadAtvixaKn (2004). Or EaBBidou, Zron Kat Pévros (2006) Kataypagouv \Biairepes SuoKoAies Kat Ge GAAES OUdEC LETA- vaotpidy, iiaitepa otig AABavideg Kal OTIC Bounydpec, BuoKoAiec Tic onoieg napampouy ot Boudyapidou Kat Touapac (2001) Kat ce npd- pUYES aNd appIKaviKOUG Kat AoLATIKOUG NOAKT- ‘ouous, To ouctaoTiké auté Béya eEETazEraL OTIC enueves evornres, 5. Evdeucrixd oroixeia ya Thy wuxinr, uyeia Twv petavacrpIiy omy EAAGSa Ze npsagam Snyooieuan tou FoviSaxn Kat Twv ouvepyatiiv Tou (2005) aXeTiKG He Ta Nept- oratikd nou SiayvGoTMKAY kat éTUXAY NepIBAA- nc ato Atywvrite10 Nocoxopeio Kata Ty nepio- 3o 2000-2004, oe cuvoho 140 avBpuv Kat yuvar- Kiv, Ta OTOIXEIa eival ATOKGAUTTTIKG OPLOPEVY XOPAXTPIOTIKIN YewiKG Ya THY WUXIKT UyEia Te uetavactwv. Mocooté 64% Twv aoBevay Hrav MiKiag 20-40 etuv, eve we TIPOG TO PUAO 49,3% Hav Gvépes Kai 50.7% yuvaires, Mepinou 80% (n= 101) fyrav andgorrot Auxeiou/Navertompiou {To cToxeio aut6 napanéymet oto Géua Tg LYN drjg exniaideuons Kat Ts uTIOBEBLIANS Tou KOL- VaviKoLoppUTIKOU OTATOUG (BA. TL1.). Og pOG TV OIKOYEVEIOKH KaTéTAGN 43, 1% eival yao, nou Seixvet néco emiBapuvtixy} pnopei va eivat 114M Grapen o1Koyévetac, BeBouene THs NAKiog nou SnAwvouv (20-40), Kat 61% Fray avao@aal- aTOL xwpiG USMIUN epyacia. Ze oxéan enions HE 60a ypagovtai nto névw 1a To cima, gaiverat \Siaitepa ompavtixd To Yeyovds Ott 0 xpdvog Ta- pauovtig omy EXAGSa auTev nou ZiTHaav Bor Ge1a (55%) rav névw and 3 émn. Auto unopet va anobo8ei apevoc oro On Sev Euntotevovtal vuo- pitepa va aneuBuvBouv oe eiSiKous yia coBapd TipoowruKa ZrMHYATA Hi/Kal Ott © xpdvoS TIOU aKO- AouBei m petavdatevan eivat Braitepa SUaKoAG Via Opiopéva GTopa ouv-aklohoywvtag Kal Ta undkomna oto1xeia (avepyia, oIKoyEvEIaKh KaTa- craon K.AM.) rou Bivouv ot EpEUMTTES. EUVONKG, 104 @ Avtwvia Hanaorvliavot 01 Siayveaaetc OuyKEvTpavovray Kuping OE TPEIS peyddec Katnyopies dtatapaxav: YUXwon (31%), ouvaia6nyatixés Siatapaxés (33%), ayxw5erg Brarapayéc (28%). ANS My iSia rinyt (KEvtpo Huépac, latpeio AtanoAmiouxrig Wuxrarpirtic, WuxtatpiKr KAwixt Atyivnteiou Nogoxopeiou) avrAtoaye Ta ctorxeia MoU aKOAOUBOUY 15IKG Via Tig yuvaikes uetavdotpies rou anevBuven- Kav exei ya BoriGe1a Kata Thy nepiodo (2000- Avriotoixa ota tarpeia tg Opyavwong «ia- tpoi Xwpig EWvopa» (2003), napampeirar oxet- Kd pe Ta OUWTBN anT|paTa Twy yeTavacrpLdV oT. auté avagépovrar oe ya peyaAn YK Mpo- BAnydtwv, and doBapéc Siatapaxés we NpO- BAfWaTa KaKonoinong and to ouZuyo, extpd- ei¢, PUXOOWLATIKG GUPMTGpATa (dAyn, Sepua- rondderes K.4.). Em auvéxeia Napatierat évag KaTadoyog Siayvécewy o€ oxéon ye m Xda 2003) npoékeuong nou S6enkav ané ™m MKO: Niivaxag 4 Aiayvocers/ouprapara yia petavdorpieg yuvaiKes ora 1aTpeia tng Opyavwong Bouayapia! Admvia, yuxoowpaTiKa oULMTpaTa, AAyn, dys KaTw apioTEpNE WORFIKAS, yxoc, dAyOs kp, SuoKayIpia, avaiyia, apSparyia, avridpactiKo’ TUNOU ayXdBeig KATABAITTIKGLOPHEG EKBNAGOEIC, BpoyXIKd daBuG, Kepararyieg, Leiwv xata@hirrnr ouvSpoph, Zadddeq, KapSiakd Ayn, Kpioetc NaviKod ent edAg0u névBous, Dryyos Ipax: ‘Atovia, Gtuna Gdyn, CaAddec, EKTPwOEIG, KAdUA, EVOXES “AXBavia Yrépraon, Siarapaxég Unvou, HOUBIGOH, KoIALaKd Gdyn, Suonyia, apSpadyia, Biappoikés Kevwoerc, aimvia, KéMwon, Paxiaia dAyn, EuyovEs \ée¢, PuXavayKAopoi, SuoKOAia cuyKEvtPwONS, AUTOKTOVIKG |BEAOLOS Noynpia: Kepananyieg Zouddv: Koukiaxd ddyn, unvmia, atovia MnaykAavréc: Wapa ‘A@ionia: Koukiaxd Gkyn, SuoKaTarooia Ouxpavia: Tipoxdpdia dkyn, GyX0G, KoWaKG GAyN, HeiZwv KaTABAuTTKT SiaTapGXe ‘Aeuxopwdia: Taxuxapdia, kepanaayiec, dAyn ato Gupaxa MoXBaBia Kata@hirmind oroixeia, autoRToviKes TAGEIG, PuXavayKaoTiKés (EEG, uxoowpaTiKé ouurTdpaTa Pouyavia: Kara@hurrxh ouvSpour Aiyurroc: TlodAanAoi podwneg Kai Tpadpata ané Kaxoroinon outuyou Tewpyla: ‘Ayx@8ng KaTGeAUTTIKA uvEpOUT, BwpaKiKO EEBVENG Liéppa Aedve: | KoiNiaxd Ayn Zeppia ORK BUPECEISERTOUR, aYXGENG KaTAOAITIKT EKoFAWON Kéva: ‘WuxORoyiKE GOK ané Braoud Tlodwvia: ‘Avwpepés KpUOASYNHA, BwpAKiKd GAYS Pudi: Tlupetdg, ayxdOng karadAmnriKr cuvdpour Napampdvrag ta ouynTadpara rou Kava- Yeagnkav we diayvwoeig Oe HETavdoTpIES Kat Tpdapuyes (xwpig dMAeg MANPOPopies aNd T™ MKO), pnopotpe va StaKpivoupe ti ot yuvaikes and Tie agprKavixéc 1h aotaTiKés xwpES avagE- Pouy Kupiag GwWHATIKG GULTTTwpaTA (KOALaKG dyn, atovia, e€averiara, SuoKatanooia, ZaAd- Bec, KAGUG KAM), Eve O1 StayvwdoEIG Yia TIG e- TavdaTpIEG and Tig NPUNV doBieTIKES F| TI¢ BAA- Kavixés XdpES (NpopaVidG EEaITiag Twv GUE hdtwv nou avagépouv 01 (Steg oToV E151K6), me~ Plypdgovtat cuXvéTEpA WE KOTABAIYN, KaTABA- TmiKy Statapaxh, ayxwon¢ Statapayt Kat Siara- paxéc 5id8eons, ‘Ot Jackson kat Williams (2006) o& avaoxérm- om Twv epeuviiv Raparnpowv 6ti n cuvnBECTE- pn Sidyvwon, aurt} THg KATGAAUNS, MOIKIAAEL GE Biagopenixéc MOATIOUIKES ONGdES Kar Eviore éxet Stapopenikd vonya. Fa napdderyya, ot Actatio- dec-apepikavidec, Adyw Tg NOAMOpIKFIG aEiaG ‘TMS Startonang Ms apyioviag org Stanpoownt- Kég oxéaeig, Sev Napanowouvrat yia CUvaLGBN- harixd GUUTTapara, aAAG yia cwpaTIKG (ZaAd5a, atovia K.AN.), Ta onoia drav Neprypapowv Ye AE- Tropépeta oe Sevtepn Odon anoKahUrTouy [a BrapopeTixr e1x6va (Lin & Cheung, 1999). Ero SuTIK6 KGaHO aNd THy GAAN, Ot YuvaiKEs QaiveTat EUKOAA va avagépovTal ota GUpTTA- baTd Tous ws «KaTaOAIpN» Ge BaGyd nou éxet avarrruxGei oAdKANPN prroAoyia Kat WaATA AO- Yoreyvikt «XOAr» YUPW ANd To BEyG YE enixe- Vipo Th PapLAKEUTIKA avTINETaMON HE avTIKA- TaBAurTTIKd TUmTOU «MpdZak» (Metz, 2002)" H atagkeuacyévn uddAov éwola anoteAei «TIOATIOPIKd» GUTTA, UTOOTHPIZel n Marecek (2006), avagepopevn oe oXeTiKr HeAET] TOU Fernando (2003) nou katéypawe Thy éxm”Anén Tv WuxtaTpwv étav ouvetSnTonoingay 6t1 Ge Gropa un SuTiKwv Npdnv-anoiKtoKpaToupevwv Xwpav Tg AgpiKtic, THE Agiag Kat tng Nétiag Aoiag ondvia Staytyvisoxetat kaTaBAUpn,. To ne- Tlolurohiniopexr, ovpPovdevtrxr wat Oepaneta or yovaikes peravaorpies © 105 piepyo eivat, cUuquva ue Tov Fernando, 611 au- TO EENYFENKE WE avupysthTa, avevBuvornta Kat «naiSinr}> UO Twv aropwv! To emixeipnua BéBata Katappirtetat UGAAov av oKE@rEi KaVEIS TL ouxvorEpa diayiyv@oxeTal de AEUKES yuvai- KEG 1 GUTES To eMtIKAAOUVTAL we OvToTHTa TIE: ploadtepo and 6.11 ot AeuKoi AvdpEC. Nou Bu- axoka nope: va Tous xapaxmpioe! Kaveig GUA AABENV pe Tous Mo Navw XapaxmpIopoUS. H Marecek (2006) Bewpei Thy KaTdBAIN HaAAOV 40g «...6XU KET lou Ta Toya €xoUV, aAAG pla dEI- pd ané npaxtixég nou 0 NoAITIoHds TOUS TOUS enitpéntet va XT|B\LONOIOUV. NPOKEILEVOU VO EK- paZouV GUTS MoU VudBoUV, aVvAoYa He THY KOI- ‘vaovikt Tous BENT Kat Tig SieKBuKr}aeIg TOUS, Arto- rehei, SqAAB, pETO yia Tic yuvaikes. Wore va eTuTUXOUV KGMOLEG adAGYES, KOIVWIKOUS POROUS kat oXEoe1G, uEdo Stanpayyareuong ya apor- Baia Sixatdpata Kai euBivec. And pia Kov- oTpouKTiBioTiKF] oKoMIa (7 51a) Bewpei Ott «or avnigootntes Nou emixadeirat n yuvaika omnv TpaypariKéThTa anoteouy OnpEio Exxivnons yia avaknpn Spdon¢, dpa anorehei pia GeriKr} oan Kat 6xt NaGnTiKF| Rapaimon» (Marecek, 2006; 303-304). Eivat a&\oonpeiwro oui n Neyxe- AiBou (2001), Ge werérn omy EMAGBa, quriZer and avepwnodoyixr oxortd TH dtaxeipvon ™¢ Wuxwrig caBéverag, Kat GUYKEKpipeva TH KaTS- @Atyng, and yuvaies nou aneuBuvovtat Ge yu xlaTpoUuG, tepEig KAI PayouG pe saitepous Spous GF KBE Nepintwan, Tovifovtag to BEHa TM avtiAnWng TNS adBEvEIag TOU Mpénet va Ka- TAVOTOE! KOIVWVIKOTIOAITIOHIKG KaTG BdoM o Et Bud. Kat guts yiati oXeTieTat Gyeca pe To Ka- Td ndgo eivat StateBeIpévy n acBevtjc/oupBou- Aeudpevn va napel BorBeta, apou 8a npéne Tipdita va Thy evtage! cto oUoTpA aE {ov KaL NE To8rgedv Ts MpoKEIjEévou va SeopEuTel. Na- pouioia pe ™ Marecek, Bewpei éti n KaTaBhuyy OnoWEvEl we yuvarKeiog eniTEdcoTiKds =xid- po», Nou Napéxe oT yuvaika pa yAwdooa ya 18. 0 Metz! (2002) avagéperat ata oyeTiKG AoyoTeXNKG BIBAia YoaUEVa and yuVaiKEc: «Mauipor KuKvor, «Rewpepoc pdare, « EBvos Tou NpdCak> (kGno1a an6 aura KUKAOpOPOU Kal GTA EAANVIKA') TV KOTAOKEUT| TOU EAUTOU, Eva XWPO SrIOL [NO- pei va exppaorel edeudepa. I’ auté — onwe on- hetiver— dtav nde oto Ylatps, aUTd¢ ovoyd- Zettov névo Tne KaTABALYN, Eved StaV Méet oTOV lepéa f To Way, auTds ovopdtet Tov Mévo TAG auapria, KaraAnwia # payia» (MeykeAiSou, Keg. «Zuynepaopata», 2001) Rack (1993) oe yc epBpr6r pedérn yia To gua aUTs avagépetat ota WuxodoyiKd Tipo BAMwaTa, dnwe auTd ExpPAZovtat aToUG B1d- opoug TOAITIGPOUS HE TOUG YAWOOIKOUG 6pouc uddtota Tg KAGE yAdoOAG, ToviZovtag TOL TO Stapopetixd TpdMo avtiAnWNG Kal EK- @paane avddoya UE Tic akieg, Tig cuvABELES KAM. oe KGGE NOATIOLS. Ero onpeio aur6 avapéperat étt Eva napa- Yovtag nou gaivetat va raiet onyavtiKd PSAO omy ak\oASyNON Tw MPOBANHATID LE BETIKG- eo TPONO KAI OTN HEiwWoN Twv CULMTWHATwV KaTa@Auhng eivai n @pnoKeuTIKOTHTA Kat Ot UV- SEceIg Tw aTOHWY Ge BpnoKEUTIKOU TepteXoLE- vou dixtua. H onpagia th¢ nveupatixémntac, “TMG OpnoKeUTIKGTTTAG Kal TOY OXETIKGV MpOGW- TukGv Menol8joewy ge SanoktiopiKkh, épeuva (18 xwpec, v=5087) akwoAdynong ths Mowrntac Zari and ty NayKdopia Opydvwon Yyeiag (WHOQOL-SAPB Group, 2006) é5eiEe tt eivat on- pavrik Kat 6tt oxeTiZerat GUVONKG He THY NOW- Tara Cons. To rma enopévac THe Wuxikrig aoBEverag, ‘omg uetavdorpies annxei ve Op\oHEvo BaBUd [ta TOAIouiKr avtiAndN Kal ExpaN SuTiKoU TPd- lou oKéipng nou anarrei SeUpuvan ya To TL oU- viord aobéveanpoBAnya KaTa Ty avT~ANWn Tw @epaneurioy Kal T KaTa THY avT”ANWN Twv acBe- vaviBepanevopeveny, Kat akoROUBWE moIa Eivat n evdederyuévn BepaneianapéuBaon. H ev@dppuvan mc éxppaong Twv cuvaic8n- udtuv, ta ontoia Tig teeutaieg So Sexaeties Ea- vaBprikav Ty KaBapr} 6éon tous ot ZuLBou- AeuTiKT Kal THY WuXoBEpaneia oa and Thy agnynuatixn Gepaneia (BA. om ouvéxeta) uTto- Snddver Mm oMagia nou éy€t Nn evnBepstnTa Kat 1 yaon Tou dupBoUAou/puxoBepaneuT} ora @épara auré. 6. NohunoAmopixr oupfoueurinty/ uxoBepaneia: nokmopixr| endpxcia, emiowvavia, Bepaneunixe cuppaxia, autovopia Ona ta fnrfwara rou avagépenxav npon- YOULEVUG VIG THY WUXoKOLVOVIKT) NPOCAPHOYA TwV HeTavaGTéY Kal TwW TIBaviiV GUVEREIaY OMY buy} Tous uyeia anaoxéAnoay Wiaitepa Kara tm dexaetia Tou 1980, aAAG Kai oTn GUvExEIa, TOUS E1SIKOUG Kat TIg Sapopes EnayyeAuaTiKés, evadeig, 6d0v agopa Tov enavanpodbiopioyd TOV QVQYKIV TwV TEAGTAV UNE TO GUNG TwV KOL- VwmiKorioArTiopiKiy aAAaywav (American Psycho- logical Association, 1992. American Psycholo- gical Association, 1993. British Association for Counseling, 1998. Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2003. Das, 1995. Pack-Brown & Williams, 2003) CAAA Kal Twv SeELOTHTOV Twv GUUBOUAWY, UXO- Gepaneutay Kat GAAwV enrayYEALATIGY TOU Xi pou Ts uyeiag (Arredondo et al., 1996. Davis- Pope et al., 2003. Pedersen, 2000. Sue & Sue, 1999). O Das (1995) npoodiopivet, ce évav nepi- TOU KOWVE GNOSEKTS OPLOUS, StI n EupBOUAEUTI- xf urtopei va Bewpndei Sut eivai odUTOATIOHIKN, 6tav o MOAMOLSG éXE1 EUPU optaL6 Trou NepI- AapBaver dyxt ovo Th pUAN, Thy EBviKoTHTA Kat THY KaTAYWYT}, GAAG Kat TO PAO, TY NAuKia, THY rowuvint TEEN, TIG deEOUGAIKES NPOTHLHOEIG KA Tu owpaTIKES KaVOTMTES A UN Tou aTdpoU. Ne- partépw, 1 Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD, oto Pack- Brown & Williams, 2003: 82-86) cupneprayBaver om endpxeia Tou CULBOUAOU NOAUTOAITIGLIKOU TipogavatoNoLOd Thy auToyvwaia, Tov \Stairepo tpdno avtpetdmiong Twv NeAaTiv Tou avahoya He TOV MOAMTIOUS Tous, TH YvGON TwY OXETIKGY optopay, Ty avarTUEN Ms TaUTSTHTAG TOU Kat ouykexpipeves de€iSmMTes yia THY GoKnan TOU pddou Tou. Ot iaitepes SekISmMTEG Tou OU BowAou/ puxo8_epaneuT rou aoKe’ GuLBoUAEU- Tukt /(puxoBepanieia de peTavdotes ouvoyiZovtat oe névre Boo epwtfyara: 1. Ze mo1o Baus Katavoei my eniBpacn tou Bt- KoU TOU NOAMOHOU TI¢ anopdgEIS TOU Yio Tov NONTIOLS Twv GAAwY, THY TAUTOTMTA, TY etx KAN; 2, Kard niéco Karavosi tm SiaxprTy puon Kat eEouoia me Kupiapyens opddag pos TH pet ovoTtTa Kat Tt Ouvertdyetat auTO; 3. Katd négo pnopei /BéAet va Steupuvel Tc Yutoeig Tou yia GAAOUG oAmopoUS; 4, Katé néao eivat éroyos va Karavoriget 5ia- POPETIKES T} KAI NPOKANTIKEG ANOWeIs Twv Ne Ratu TOU; 5. Ee moi BaGUS eivat EroYIOG va Sextei vo Sieupuvel tig Bewpieg Kat Ta HovréAa Tou, TIpoKEIpévou va EvoWHOTHCE! VEEG ANSEL Kat BéaeIg yia va avTanoKpIBEl OTOUG NeAG- Teg Tou; H anoteAcouatixé™ta tou cupBouAou/pu- YoBepaneuTh THY avtIPET@MON Taw NPOBAN- udtaw ye 7 CULPoureUdpEvn eEapTarat and To nude avtiapBaverat o KaBévag and Tous 5U0 To Weivar aodévera 7 aduvapia aviperdmtong Twv KaBnHEPIvey CATHPGTw TS ZurG. O dtapopeTi- Kdg TloAmopoc Eival Evag KABOPICTIKOG FAPG- Yovtac via Tig avTan pers auTés, Ma napdsery- Ha, yuvaixes an6 aoratixous 1 appIKaviKOLG NO- Amapous avTrAapBavovrat Sagoperixd To von ba Tov CUUMTWpGTaY ms HUXwaNs (evdEexoLE- Vag anodiSovrdg Ta OE MvetuaTa Nou TIG KU- pievouv x.Ar1) (Rack, 1993), And Tv GAAN, 0 Et BiKde WUYIKFIG UYEiag MoU Eival eKTaLSeUBEVOG oto SuTiKd cUaTpA EKNaiSeuos avTrAGyBave- Tat cuvius BloAoyiKG To NPSBANHA (adEvEIa), ‘TMV ontoia eivat MiBavé va NpooTabraet va Be- panevoet omy nepimrwon aur KupiNg Ue odp- paKa. Ot napadootakoi Bepaneutés (Capavol, te- peic, payor) ouxvd anoteAouy my pdm entro- Yh yta Bepaneia amv onoia otpépovrat ol dv- Apwnor and pn SutiKd noAtiopixd nepiBaddo- vra. H miGavémmta de va avaxoupicouy Tous av- @pdrtouc and ™m ouvaicBnyaTiKh nieon eivat ye- yan omy apyt, year’ n cuvac@nyatixn micon eivat EnaKOAOUBO YWOIAKdY KATAOKEUGY TOU O TapaSootaxéc BepaneuTric Hope’ va ywpiZet KaAUTepa and To SuTiKd emtoTHyova, yiati EXEL tic iBieg avTANWEIG Ya TH Cur pe Tov aoBEVT} Tlolunolinoyrxr ovpfovlevrixy kar Oepancia oF yovaixes peravdorpiec © 107 ou (Bernstein, 2001). O Antonovsky (1979) Gew- povice onpavix ™ ouvoxr om Bepaneia’ ye ™ OUVOXT] AVAECA TO EOWTEPIKG Ka CEWTEPIKO niepiBaddov Tou 0 aaBewrig atoBavetat ott auto (To nepiBadAov) eivat NpoBRE PIP Kal Ge enap- Kf BaBUS UNG édeyXo. Enopévus, n KaTavonon Mg SuOKoAiac/adBEvEIAG (OL YuwoLAKES KATO- oxeuéc), Ta aitia Kat 01 Guvéneteg oto OWHA TOU eival onpavrixd atorxeia yea TY avaKoUgion A Kat Tm Bepaneia, eve n dyvoua emiteivet ta ou- umrdpara Kai tous diver KaraoTpO@IKES 51a0Ta- etc. H KaTavénjon npoodider my aidGnan TG GENG Kal Tou EALyXOU KaL PEIaVEL TH oUVALGEN parix nicon, AvaAoya GULBAAAE! Kat n ixaveTT- Ta yia Biaxeipion Mg NEOBANHaTIKNG KaTdoTa- onc/acBévelag, evs vonyatodémon ts oo8E- velag nou npoddidetat and Toug Aaikoug 6epa- TeuTés Ge opiopevous NoATIoHoUG, yia Napa- Seryya we TIHwpia h eEAEwON, Sev NpooApBa- vet Kat’ avdykny Tv ita éwora oTou et5iKous uxiKnig Uyeiag GTOUG SuTIKOUG NOAOHOUG (Castillo, 1997). Ta napandvw anotehouv ana- pairnrn perém and To cupBoudo/puxoBepa- neuTH, ote va emuTUxe! pla aNodotuxr) Gepa- neutixr) cuyjaxia (Bernstein, 2001) Em Gepaneutuxr) cyuaxia cupBourou/Bepa- neut# Kal BepanevopEvnc and SiagopeTixouG TOAmIopoUS NpoKUTTroUY 5u0 BacKG EpuTHYaTA Tou agopouy (a) Thy TAUTOTHTA Kal TIS KAVOT- reg Tou Gepaneun}, (8) T™ BepanevopEvn Nou na- peupioKetar aT GuvEspIA WG TOPO H/KAI WE HE- Rog plag ONGdaG (otKoyEvEtag, PUANG, MOAM- oUoU, e8véTHTac). H GuLHaxia auTA uTopei va anodwaei Stav AngBouv UNdN ot avriAryEr ‘Mg BepanevopEng OXETIKG He THy Mavroduva- ic Tou Bepaneum}, 600 voyIyorioLeirat autos va éyet Toon Suvayn, via Napéderyya évavei Tou Ge0u (omY NepiTwon E15IKG TwW APABU 1 Kat xptoTiaviov), 1h M60 emutpenerar auTés va TIpO- wproet o€ Bepaneia, apou propei va MoTELE- Tat 6t1 eivat yoipaio Kaveig va UNOgépel («Kap- pa) yia va eEaynotei. ‘Eva dAdo Géya Nou npoKumTel apopa TY autovopia Tg CupBoudsvopévnc/BepanevopE- vnc. Eto SuTiKG TedMo oKEYNG, o CbpoUAS 108 @ Avtwvia Manaorvdiavou avtipetemiZer thvitov cupBoueudpevn/o ws aveEapTnTO, auT6voHC Gtoyo («the Marlboro mans) (Pedder, 1991), eva de noAmioyoug oUA- AoyiKéntag, n adAnAeEApmmon anorehei EEEAt- KIKG OTOXO (Neki, 1976) Kat aKG}iN To GTOHO Aét- toupyei we Héhoc/eKnpdownos pla opddag (Kitayama et al., 1997). H eumioteutiKéTyta TS ouvedpiag eniong Sev Aetroupyei pe tov i510 ‘porto Ge NOAMIGPoUT GUAAOYIKOTHTAG de oXEoN HE ATOLIKIOTIKOUG MOATIOHOUG, AGU aTOUS Tipwtoug dda popafovtar we THY oIKoYEVEIA (Bernstein, 2001). ‘Eva dAdo CitYa apopa tm duoKoKia atopwv avatodKo-aoiaTiKNg KaTAYW- Yiig Va «aygloBntigoUv» H va TipoKaAécouv onoiadrnote avtiépacn oe éva mpdawro KU- pous, due eivat o cUpBouAos/PuxoBepaneu- Thg/ytaTpég, EaTW Kal av agoPA TIg NapamEU- peg duveneles and yuia NapEyBaan (oupBoureu- TUxr} 1h KAI PappaKeuTiKt). H anodoxt and pe~ pldg Tous dps Sev artoredsi Kat cuppuvia Kat avdykny, Oa Ta mo ndvw {iryara rou xapa- xmpiouv Tous roAmopous anoteAotv évay ent- népouc deixty nopeiag yia Thy napéyBaon Tou cupBoudou/puxoBepaneurh, Tlavw ané dda Spwe erixpéperar to npd- BANua THG EmtKowwviag AEKTUKTIG Kat YN AEKTI- Krjg. H avertdpxeia tng yvaong thg YAdooa TNC HETAVGOTPIAG OTH EMiKOWvwvia THC HE TOUS Vidmious, aAAG Kuping HE To CUEBOUAO/WpUyO- Gepaneum}, unoypaypicet To Kevd avapeca oT yAdooa Kat THY avTiAnyn Kal Kad GUVEnEa avayea om yAdooa Kai Tig EynEipieg. O Bennett (1975) onpeuiver dvi n e@viKérnTa eivat upBorixr} Katackeur Nou Sivel vonya oT Ent- kolvwvia, evundpyei pea om yAuood Kat E&a- apahizet Tov puyixd Seopd nou onpaciodotei TO «aVijKeivm GE la eBVIKT/ NOAMTIOBIKT) OLABa. ‘Otav 7) cupBoudeudpevn/Gepaneudpevn dev SraErer SiMAS AEVSyLo yia dda doa BEAEL va puAfoet, n entwowwavia dev emiteAeitaL OAOKAN- Pwpéva, Adyw auTOU Tou KevoU Mou Tm xwpifet and Tov dagopetixd NOATIOPIKG CUHBOUAO/BE- paneurt. Aedopévou oti n cULBouAEUTIKH/pU- xoBepaneia efaptérar dueoa and th AsKtiKr eniKowwwvia Kal n entkowwvia utr} nepLoTpsge- Tat yupw and thy EruKowwvia tTAg GuLBoUAELO- péyng /Bepanevopévns pe Tous GdAous, to Ips BAnua yiverar mo Kaipto yia mv Katavongn TOU TPOBARLATOS aN6 To GUBoUAC/puxoBepaneu- TH. H éxgpaon ouvardEnyatwv anarrei tm yed- an twv Aermibv Biagopwv oTig anHaTieg Twv AE Eewy, ev MpoKewevn Tov cuvarodnpdTuy (Lago & Thompson, 1997. Pennebaker, 1990. Perry, 1993). H i5ta yuvaiKa, prAdvtag He BaoiKés Ae Eeig ota EAANviKG Ba gawvorav va Exel «enine- 0 ouvaicGnya, evto wAdvtag om YAdooA THs @a pnopouce va xpwyarier pe KaBe Aerrrops- peta 6ca aicBaverai va Tm Bacavifouv. Ero eni- nedo TNS [iN AEKTiKTig EMtKoWWwviaG, TOU UTtO- Borda onpavtixd TM AEKTIKN, aKOUN Kat Sav N aan THg YAdGoag dev eivat ErtapKAs, eivat onpavtid va yvapifel 0 oupBoudos Tm SuoKo- Kia BrepHaTiKAG enagrig (ONHAVTIKS KoITHPIO enituxoug eniKowwaviag ato SUTIK TPdMO OKE- WG, GAAG NOAITIOUIKG YN eTiTpErTT CUpMEpI- gopd de dtapopoUG apaBiKOUG/actaTIKOUG No- Amapouc), dmg eniong To dyyypa (\iws and BiapopetiKoy PUAOU GUpBouAo/BepaneuTH), Ot ex@PAdEIg TOU NPOGUNOU K.AF. Nodmiopinds peoodaBnriig. H Avon oTO NPSBANHG GUTS eivat ouv*BwC N anaoxéknon TOAITIOUIKOU HECOAABNTH kat Oxt ATAGG Evds Siepunvéa, xivnan mou deixvet my Kadn B1GBEon Tou dupBouAou/BepareuTy va KaTAAABet dco To duvaréy nepisadtepa and autd nou Bédel va Tou aTtoKaAUet N CuLBOUAEUOLEVN Kat va xTiCEt mia SuvaTh ouppaxia padi tg, Ero onpElo auTs Mpoxuntet Eva doBape MHA, UTS TS ELTAO- Kig Thg MpocurKéthtag Tou depynvéa ory ‘oupnayia, nou Sev unopei va anogeuxsei, apou Tpoomiade( va eival doo to Suvatéy mo MoTSs ‘OTM UeTapopA auTdV TOU aKoUet (yiveTal TO 6xnua). To epetnya eivat ndoo érowpn eivat n cupBouAeudpevn/Gepaneudpeyn va avorxtei unpootd oro Siepynvéa; Liyoupa o1 Se&StTES Tou dupBoUAou Ge GUTS iva KaBoplaTIKEs, evs ot ikavérnTés Tou va SiaBaCet Kat Ta jin AEKTIKG pnvipata rou eKnépnovrat eivat iaitepa xr awieg (Minas, Stuart & Klimidis, 1994, Lago & Thompson, 1997). Tlolunoliniouixy ovpfouleurixy, Kar Bepancia or yovaixes petavéorpies © 109 7. Texvinég FlokunoAmopinrig, ZuppoueuTixiig. H @eptvionixe| oxomid H nAn@cipa Bepaneutixdy npooeyyicewy rou Npoagépovrat oto xwpo THs PuxodepaneuTIKT}S Kat gupBouAEuTKr}s NapépBaans oro SuTIKG Kd- ‘uo Ba pnopouse va Bewpndel iow, enrapxris ya Thy KdAuipy Tw anamTdEwy TOU OUYKEKPILEVOU nieBiou, To yeyovdc Suwe én To peyaauTepo wépos, Twv BewprTiKey Maioiwv-napepBdoewy SiarunWd- One ato SuTIKG KOLO UE TIC SiKxés Tou akies, avtanoxpivepevo orig Suxég Tou avayKes, yewa KwSuvoug Via THY anoTEkEoPaTIKOTTA Tw TIO PeUuBdoewy Ge GToua Npoepyspeva and pn Suti- Koug NoAmopoU. Oda Ta LrTTpaATA Mg NokUTIO- AmioptKéTTTTaG Tou avagépeNnKay NponyouLEVWC eivat euvonto dt anarrotv Seipuvon Tey yvice- Gv Kal Kuping Twv nenoIBrEwv Twv GULBOVAWY Kat quxo8epaneuTiav. Or Lago Kat Thompson (1997) Kat o Pedersen (1987) avapépovrat otoUG KiBUvoUG Trou NepiKABIOUV 01 YEVIKEUOEIG OT Eup BoudeuixryWuxoBepaneia Kat apopouv Ta EEC Gmpara: (a) Tt anoteAgi «PUOLOAOYIKG» Ka YIa Tlotov cupBoureudpevoineddmn, (B) To MAGimo Kat TI GuvOriKES EUPAVIONS LAG GULNEPIPOPAG, (Y) To BUTIKG EMLoTHPOAOYIKS TPN MG YPAHHIKTS oxéipnc-epunveiag (ia airia yia éva oUpTTTapA), (8) my éupacn oMY aga\pErKA OKEWN, lou Na- pounidierat aroug NOAMOLOUG xaNAU MAatoIou (umKouc), c& oxEon pe Tous NoAMOPOUS UMAOU MAaioiou Nou avantucoow nepicddtepo To A6YO Oto emxeipnua (aotaTiKOUC, apaBiKOUs x.AN.). Eroug pn SurKoug NoATIopoUs akonoVOUvTAL GA- ot tpdrio1 napéyBaon pEda aNd BpoKeuTIKG di- tua, tepei¢, pdyous, TedeToupyiec, MveuNaTIKES avatars K.AM., TOUAaX\oTOV OMY apy TNS EH gamiang eve npoBARaToc, Ot Tsang Kat Hsu (1979) kataypapouv dhec Tig miBavéc npogeyyi- OkIg Ge Eva HOVTERO XPFTYIO yia Tov EW5IKO. ZUp- Qwva Le GUTS, ot TpdTIOL avnETdMtoNG avagépo- vrai (a) oTi¢ uMepuoiKés rrapeyBaceic (Bepaneia néow niome, npooeuxt KAN), (B) omy tatu

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