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What is LAN?
LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are
confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be
connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves. A
system of LANs connected in this way is called a wide-area network (WAN). Most
LANs connect workstations and personal computers. Each node (individual
computer) in a LAN has its own CPU with which it executes programs, but it also
is able to access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many
users can share expensive devices, such as laser printers, as well as data. Users
can also use the LAN to communicate with each other, by sending e-mail or
engaging in chat sessions.
What's the difference Between an Intranet and the Internet?
There's one major distinction between an intranet and the Internet: The Internet
is an open, public space, while an intranet is designed to be a private space. An
intranet may be accessible from the Internet, but as a rule it's protected by a
password and accessible only to employees or other authorized users.
From within a company, an intranet server may respond much more quickly than
a typical Web site. This is because the public Internet is at the mercy of traffic
spikes, server breakdowns and other problems that may slow the network. Within
a company, however, users have much more bandwidth and network hardware
may be more reliable. This makes it easier to serve high-bandwidth content, such
as audio and video, over an intranet.
Define the term Protocol.
Protocol is a standard way of communicating across a network. A protocol is the
"language" of the network. It is a method by which two dissimilar systems can
communicate. TCP is a protocol which runs over a network.
What is FTP (File Transfer Protocol)?
FTP is File Transfer Protocol. It used to exchange files on the internet. To enable
the data transfer FTP uses TCP/IP, FTP is most commonly used to upload and
download files from the internet. FTP can be invoked from the command prompt
or some graphical user interface. FTP also allows to update (delete, rename,
move, and copy) files at a server. It uses a reserved port no 21.
Explain the 7 Layers of OSI.
Layer 1: Physical layer
It represents all the electrical and physical specifications for devices.
What is multicasting?
Multicasting allows a single message to be sent to a group of recipients. Emailing,
teleconferencing, are examples of multicasting. It uses the network infrastructure
and standards to send messages.
Explain the functionality of PING.
Ping Is particularly used to check if the system is in network or not. It also gives
packet lost information. In windows ping command is written as ping ip_address.
The output returns the data packets information. The number of packets sent,
received and lost is returned by PING.
What is a MAC address?
A Media Access Control address is a unique identifier that is assigned to the
network adapters or NICs by the manufacturers for the purpose of identification
and used in the Media Access Control protocol sub layer. It is a 12 digit
hexadecimal number. A MAC address usually encodes the registered identification
of the manufacturer, if the address is assigned by the manufacturer. It some
times also called as Ethernet Hardware Address / physical address/ adapter
address.
Explain Spanning-Tree protocols.
Spanning Trees are a standard technique implemented in LAN connections. On a
mesh topology, a set of spanning tree algorithms were developed for prevention
of redundant transmission of data along intermediate hops between a source and
a destination host. In the absence of spanning trees, a mesh network is flooded
and rendered unusable by messages by circulating within a loop that is infinite,
between hosts. An algorithm used in transparent bridges which determines the
best path from source to destination to avoid bridge loops.
At the time of STP initialization in a network, its first action is to utilize the
Spanning Tree Algorithm for selection of a root bridge and a root port. The root
bridge is the network which has lowest-value bridge identifier. All the switches on
the network use Bridge Protocol Data Units to broadcast the bridge IDs to the
other switches in that network. Soon after selection of the root bridge,
determination of the root ports on all other bridges is done.
What is the use of IGMP protocol?
Internet Group Management Protocol: - It allows internet hosts to participate in
multicasting. The IGMP messages are used to learn which hosts is part of which
multicast groups. The mechanism also allows a host to inform its local router
that it wants to receive messages.
What
are
the
differences
between
domain
and
workgroup?