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Summary
Maria SILAI, B.Eng. Architecture
UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD
FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT FOR ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

INTEGRATION OF OLD NEW IN THE HISTORICAL STRUCTURE OF

BANAT`S VILLAGES DURING XX CENTURY
Balanced, harmonious, street`s picture of Banat`s villages, which used to be regulated
by the laws of Empress of Maria Theresa, began to change with the weakening influence of
the monarchy and after the collapse of Austria Hungary Empire. During the twentieth
century, there was an interpolation of the new types of structures into already existing
street`s picture, and therewith gradually changing the occurrence of all rural` s areas.
The main motive of this paper is to point out to our national, architectural heritage is
transforming rapidly, and there are no larger the preserved areas with traditional
facilities, such as traditional street`s picture, and that the owners of rural houses are still
not aware of their values, the tradition that must be safeguarded and handed over to the
next generations.
Objective of this paper is by using of historical, application of analysis and synthesis, to
research the transformation of the types of rural houses through XX century, to consider
how the new types of buildings integrate into already existing structure of villages, or how
much the new interpolations have changed the street`s picture by moving of already
defined vertical and horizontal control.
The first contacts of the village with city brought many novelties, among others also in
configuration of the family houses. Wealthier population wanted to show the differences
between themselves and ordinary countrymen building the different type of houses,
which was common for larger communities. After the Second World War, even the
ordinary people were trying to transform their homes, adding the new parts to existing
houses.
Sudden changes in every field of life have occurred in the sixties years, when the new
socialist society has tended to destroy all values of the past times and create the new ones.
From this period, it is disappearing the building according to the traditional principles.
The place of Pannonia`s houses occupied the cubic houses. Interpolation of the new
types of facilities with hipped roof disturbed the street`s picture, but didn`t effect on the
135

change of vertical control, as opposed to the multi-level family buildings with gabled roof,
which were built more frequently since the eighties years. Besides the social factors, as
well the country`s economic development, in a great measure, influenced to the such
development of the rural architecture.
Horizontal control, separation of the property line and building lines, was another
problem in terms of the interpolation of the new types of buildings in the old village
structure. Relocated building line has destroyed the defined structure and balanced
rhythm of the village street, now everything seems chaotic, opposed to the strict principles
of Maria Theresa.
The mass appearance of the new buildings in the old environment during the XX
century was also influenced by development of personality. While in the Habsburg
monarchy all was pre-defined, balanced and harmonious, now every individual tended to
be special one and this as well reflected to the single - family houses.
Today`s perception of the rural population is that all that is old is a bad one, as the
symbol of poverty and misery and that is to be released as soon as possible.
This perception doesnt derive primarily from disrespect of tradition, but from the lack
of information and from the fact, that ordinary people don`t recognize the real value of
rural houses. Interpolation of the new buildings instead of Pannonias houses to date has
resulted in the complete transformation of the building fund and the change of previous
harmonious street`s picture of the village.
The only solution for stopping this rapid process is adoption of the new regulations, which
would determine the types of new buildings in villages, in accordance with tradition, but
at same time with the requirements of contemporary, modern family. In this way, it would
be gradually returned the harmony in the architecture of Banat`s villages.

136