CIRPIT REVIEW

Comitato Direttivo / Board of Directors


05REHUWD&DSSHOOLQL&LUSLW3UHVLGHQW
*LXVHSSH&RJQHWWL&LUSLW9LFH3UHVLGHQW6LHQD8QLY
$QQD1DWDOLQL&LUSLW*HQHUDO6HFUHWDU\
Comitato Scientifico / Academic Board

*LXVHSSH&RJQHWWL8QLY6LHQD
6FRWW(DVWKDP0DVVH\8QLY1HZ=HODQG
<RXQJ&KDQ5R*HRUJH0DVRQ8QLY:DVKLQJWRQ'&
(UURO'/LPD-QDQD'HHSD9LG\DSHHWK3XQH
0DUFHOOR*KLODUGL8QLY3DGRYD
-DFRE3DUDSSDOO\7HMDV9LG\D3HHWKD,QVWLWXWH%DQJDORUH
9LFWRULQR3pUH]3ULHWR8QLYGH6DQWLDJRGH&RPSRVWHOD
3UDEKX-RVHSK3KLORVRSK\DQG5HOLJLRQ&DOLIRUQLD6WDWH8QLY/$
*LRUJLR7DIIRQ8QLY5RPD7UH
/XFLDQR0D]]RQL%HQRQL'LU8QLYHUVXP
$FKLOOH5RVVLODOWUDSDJLQD
05REHUWD&DSSHOOLQL3UHVLGHQWH&LUSLW
Direttore Responsabile / Editorial Director
$XUHOLD'HOILQR

Segreteria di Redazione / Editorial Office
3DWUL]LD0RUJDQWL


*OLDUWLFROLSXEEOLFDWLVRQRVRWWRSRVWLDSURFHGXUDGLSHHUUHYLHZ
7KHSXEOLVKHGDUWLFOHVDUHVXEPLWWHGWRSHHUUHYLHZSURFHGXUH

&,53,75(9,(:

Q


7UDGX]LRQH,WDOLDQD$WWL&LUSLW


&LUSLW3URFHHGLQJV,WDOLDQ7UDQVODWLRQ






Traduzioni di M.Roberta Cappellini e Patrizia Morganti

CIRPIT REVIEW
&HQWUR,QWHUFXOWXUDOH GHGLFDWRD5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU
,QWHUFXOWXUDO &HQWUHGHGLFDWHGWR5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU
KWWSZZZFLUSLWUDLPRQSDQLNNDULW

$XWRUL]]D]LRQH7ULEXQDOHGL0LODQRQDSULOH

0,0(6,6 (',=,21, 0LODQR8GLQH

ZZZPLPHVLVHGL]LRQLLW
9LD5LVRUJLPHQWR 6HVWR6DQ*LRYDQQL0,
7HOHIRQRHID[
(PDLOPLPHVLV#PLPHVLVHGL]LRQLLW

Indice



Indice


Editoriale di Giuseppe Cognetti



Le pagine di Raimon Panikkar

Atti CIRPIT 2012




M.Roberta CappelliniConvegno CISRECO-CIRPIT, Aprile 2012)

5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUHODVILGDGHOODQRVWUDHSRFD



Victorino Prez Prieto (Convegno Universit ROMA TRECIRPIT, Mag

gio 2012)
 7XWWDOD5HDOWjq5HOD]LRQH/DSURVSHWWLYDFRVPRWHDQGULFD

WHDQWURSRFRVPLFDHOD7ULQLWjUDGLFDOHLQ5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU

Convegno CIRPITUniversit di SIENA - Ottobre 2012



Franz Martin Wimmer

/D)LORVRILD,QWHUFXOWXUDOH3UREOHPLH3URVSHWWLYH

 Joseph Prabhu

 /(UPHQHXWLFD,QWHUFXOWXUDOHGRSR+HJHO



Young-chan Ro
&RVPRJRQLD&RVPRORJLDH.RVPRORJLD<LQ<DQJHLO6LPEROLVPR7DLML





MichikoYusa 
,O5XRORGHOO,QWXL]LRQHQHOGLDORJR,QWHUFXOWXUDOH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUFRPH
3URIHVVRUH






Ralph.Weber
5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUHODTXHVWLRQHGHOOD)LORVRILDDFRQIURQWRFRQOD)LORVRILD
FRPSDUDWD

Cirpit Review



Editoriale
GL*LXVHSSH&RJQHWWL
8QLYHUVLWjGL6LHQD&LUSLW

4XHVWR QXPHUR GHOOD &LUSLW 5HYLHZ RVSLWD JOL DWWL GL WUH LQL]LDWLYH
RUJDQL]]DWH GDO &LUSLW QHO FRUVR GHOO
DQQR  LQ FROODERUD]LRQH FRQ
VWUXWWXUHSXEEOLFKHHSULYDWHHFKHKDQQRYLVWRODSDUWHFLSD]LRQHGLQXPHURVL
VWXGLRVLLWDOLDQLHVWUDQLHULGLILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHHWHPDWLFKHFRQQHVVHDO
GLDORJR LQWHUUHOLJLRVR H LQWHUFXOWXUDOH 6L WUDWWD GL XQ FRQYHJQR WHQXWRVL LQ
6DQ *LPLJQDQR LO  DSULOH ,QFRQWUR FRQ 53DQLNNDU ILORVRIR GHO GLDORJR
LQWHUFXOWXUDOH H LQWHUUHOLJLRVR SURPRVVR GDO &,65(&2 &HQWUR
LQWHUQD]LRQDOH VWXGL VXO UHOLJLRVR FRQWHPSRUDQHR H DSHUWR LO PDWWLQR DOOD
SDUWHFLSD]LRQH GL VWXGHQWL GL VFXROH VXSHULRUL  GL XQD *LRUQDWD 3DQLNNDU
VYROWDVL D 5RPD  LO  PDJJLR FRO SDWURFLQLR GHO 'LSDUWLPHQWR GL TXHOOD
8QLYHUVLWjHGLXQDVHWWLPDQDGDODO2WWREUHFKHVLqDUWLFRODWDLQ
GXH PRPHQWL VXFFHVVLYL FRQ GLYHUVD GLVORFD]LRQH WHUULWRULDOH H XWHQ]D
GLIIHUHQWH/DSULPDIDVHVLqVYROWDDOO
8QLYHUVLWjGL6LHQDFRQXQVHPLQDULR
VXO WHPD /D ILORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH SUREOHPL H SURVSHWWLYH OD VHFRQGD
$ELWDUHODGLIIHUHQ]DSHUXQGLDORJRIUDOHFXOWXUHLQ&DODEULDD5RFFHOOD
-RQLFD SHU LQL]LDWLYD GHO &RPXQH HG KD YLVWR OD PDVVLFFLD SUHVHQ]D GHOOH
VFXROH VLD VWXGHQWL FKH LQVHJQDQWL DL TXDOL VRQR VWDWL DQFKH SURSRVWL XQR
VSHWWDFROR WHDWUDOH H XQR VWDJH GL WDL FKL FKXDQ XQ
DUWH GL FRPEDWWLPHQWR
FLQHVH SHU FRQVHQWLUH GL HQWUDUH DQLPD H FRUSR LQ XQD FXOWXUD
SURIRQGDPHQWHGLYHUVDGDOODQRVWUD
1RQ DYUHEEH VHQVR HQWUDUH QHO PHULWR GHL YDUL LQWHUYHQWL LO OHWWRUH
SRWUj DSSUH]]DUQH OD YDULHWj GHL WHPL H LO FRQIURQWR GHL GLYHUVL RUL]]RQWL
FXOWXUDOL%DVWHUjTXDOFKHULIOHVVLRQHGLRUGLQHJHQHUDOH
1RQVLSXzGLUHFKHLQ,WDOLD3DQLNNDUJRGDDQFRUDJUDQGHIRUWXQDVLD
SHUODUDGLFDOLWjFRQFXLDIIURQWDLOWHPDGHOSOXUDOLVPRHGHOO
LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWj
H SUHQGH VXO VHULR O
$OWUR VLD SHUFKq YROD DOWR ULVSHWWR DO SURYLQFLDOLVPR H
DOO
DQJXVWLD GL XQD ILORVRILD VHPSUH SL DXWLVWLFD H SUHVXQWXRVDPHQWH
LJQRUDQWH QH VRQR SURYD OD PDJJLRU SDUWH GHL OLEUL GL ILORVRIL LWDOLDQL FKH
YDQQR SHU OD PDJJLRUH H FKH VRQR VSHVVR LPSULJLRQDWL QHOO
RVVHVVLYD
ULSURSRVL]LRQHGLLPSRVWD]LRQLSUREOHPDWLFKHQHSSXUHLPPDJLQDELOLLQDOWUH
FXOWXUH FRPH VH IRVVHUR XQLYHUVDOL GL HVSHULHQ]HGLSHQVLHURORQWDQH GDOOH
VXHFDWHJRULHHGDLVXRLSDUDPHWULFRQFHWWXDOL,OVHJXHQWHWHVWRSDQLNNDULDQR
SRWUHEEHYDOHUHFRPHPDQLIHVWRGHOODSURVSHWWLYDILORVRILFDLQWHUFXOWXUDOH

Editoriale / Editorial





 JLXQWR LO PRPHQWR GL LQL]LDUH D UDFFRJOLHUH L IUDPPHQWL VLD GHOOD FXOWXUD
PRGHUQD FKH HFFHOOH QHOO
DQDOLVL H QHOOD VSHFLDOL]]D]LRQH FKH GHOOH GLYHUVH
FLYLOWj GHO PRQGR 1RQ SRVVLDPR FRQVHQWLUH DG DOFXQD UHOLJLRQH FXOWXUD R
IUDPPHQWR GL UHDOWj  DQFKH VH HWLFKHWWDWR FRPH
ULPDVXJOLR
 GD XQD FLYLOWj
SRVWHULRUH R XQ SH]]R URWWR GD XQ SL DOWR JUDGR GL FRVFLHQ]D  GL HVVHUH
GLPHQWLFDWR QHJOHWWR R WUDODVFLDWR VH GREELDPR FRQTXLVWDUH TXHOOD WRWDOH
ULFRVWUX]LRQHGHOODUHDOWjFKHGLYHQWDLPSHUDWLYDRJJL


2FFRUUH PHWWHUH D IXRFR OLPSRUWDQ]D FUXFLDOH FKH ULYHVWH LO

SOXUDOLVPR  SOXUDOLVPR YXRO GLUH RJJL IXRUL GD DVWUD]LRQL ILORVRILFR
PHWDILVLFKHHVXXQSLDQRPROWRHVLVWHQ]LDOHHFRQFUHWRFKHFLLQFRQWULDPR
TXRWLGLDQDPHQWH FRQ RS]LRQL GLYHUVH FRQ YLVLRQL GHO PRQGR FXOWXUH
ILORVRILHFRPSRUWDPHQWLYDORULUHFLSURFDPHQWHLQFRPSDWLELOLFKHQRQVLVD
EHQH FRPH SRVVDQR FRHVLVWHUH H GLDORJDUH IUD ORUR H LQ TXHVWR VHQVR
FRLQFLGH GL IDWWR FRO SUREOHPD GHOOD SDFH SHUFKp HVVR q LO YHUR
LQWHUURJDWLYR SUDWLFR GHOOD FRHVLVWHQ]D XPDQD VXO SLDQHWD PXRYHQGR GD
XQD GXUD H OXFLGD FULWLFD  GHO PRQRFXOWXUDOLVPR FLRq GHOOD FRQYLQ]LRQH
WLSLFDGHOO
XRPRRFFLGHQWDOHGHJOLXOWLPLGXHRWUHVHFROLHGLIHVDFRQJUDQGH
WHQDFLD DQFKH QHO 1RYHFHQWR H DWWXDOPHQWH GDOOD PDJJLRU SDUWH GHJOL
LQWHOOHWWXDOL FKH OH VXH FDWHJRULH LO VXR PRGR GL YHGHUH LO PRQGR H L VXRL
YDORUL UHOLJLRVL PRUDOL SROLWLFL HWF VLDQR R GHEEDQR HVVHUH FRQGLYLVL GD
WXWWHOHDOWUHFXOWXUHGHOSLDQHWD
(VLVWHUHEEHUR FLRq XQD UDJLRQH XQLYHUVDOH H XQ
LQWHOOLJLELOLWj XQLFD
FLRqXQXQLFRPRGRSHUFRQRVFHUHYHUDPHQWHODUHDOWjEDVDWRVXOSHQVLHUR
FRQFHWWXDOH VXOOD OHJJH GL FDXVDOLWj VXOOH QR]LRQL VFLHQWLILFKH GL VSD]LR
WHPSR PDWHULD HQHUJLD VXOOD SRVVLELOLWj GL WUDGXUUH LQ WHUPLQL DOJHEULFL L
IHQRPHQL GHOOD QDWXUD VXOO
LGHD FKH TXHVW
XOWLPD VHJXD GRFLOPHQWH OHJJL
VWDELOLWH GDOOD QRVWUD PHQWH HWF XQ
XQLFD UHOLJLRQH UHDOPHQWH YHUD LO
FULVWLDQHVLPR XQ
XQLFD VFLHQ]D YHUDPHQWH VFLHQWLILFD TXHOOD QDWD FRQ
&DUWHVLR*DOLOHLH1HZWRQHWF1RQFLYXROPROWRSHUUHQGHUVLFRQWREDVWD
XQ SR
 GL ULFHUFD VWRULFD FKH OD VFLHQ]D H OD ILORVRILD PRGHUQH SXU FRQ OH
ORUR LQQHJDELOL FRQTXLVWH DSSDUWHQJRQR DG XQD VROD FXOWXUD QRQ VRQR
LQWHUFXOWXUDOLFKHLOFULVWLDQHVLPRKDOHVXHSUHPHVVHLQXQDFXOWXUDVHPLWLFD
TXHOODHEUDLFDHFKHLO*HVWHUUHQRqVWDWRXQHEUHRLQGLDORJRQRQFRQ
O
XRPRLQJHQHUDOHPDFROPRQGRHEUDLFRGHOVXRWHPSRDQFKHVHSRLLOVXR
PHVVDJJLRDWWUDYHUVRFRPSOHVVHPHGLD]LRQLILORVRILFKHHVWRULFRFXOWXUDOLq
GLYHQWDWRODUHOLJLRQHGHOPRQGRRFFLGHQWDOH
4XHVWRQRQYXROGLUHFKHODQRVWUDVFLHQ]DILORVRILDHUHOLJLRQHSHULO

Cirpit Review



IDWWR FKH QRQ VRQR XQLYHUVDOL VRQR IDOVH O

LGHD FKH YHULWj FRLQFLGD FRQ
XQLYHUVDOLWjLQWHVDLQXQ VHQVRDVWUDWWDPHQWHPRQLVWLFRqWXWWDRFFLGHQWDOH
PD VHPSOLFHPHQWH FKH FL VRQR VWDWL H FL VRQR PRGL GLYHUVL GL YHGHUH LO
PRQGR NRVPRORJLH GLFH 3DQLNNDU SHU GLVWLQJXHUOD GDOOD FRVPRORJLD
VFLHQWLILFD H GL IDUH HVSHULHQ]D UHOLJLRVD DOWUHWWDQWR YDOLGL GHL QRVWUL H FKH
QRQGRYUHEEHURVFRPSDULUHGLYRUDWLGDOPLWRLQJOREDQWHGHOODQRVWUDFXOWXUD
3HU SDVVDUH VX XQ SLDQR SL FRQFUHWR FKH SHUz q GHO WXWWR OHJDWR DO SLDQR
WHRULFR SHU TXHO FKH ULJXDUGD L IRQGDPHQWL OH JLXVWLILFD]LRQL ILORVRILFKH GL
IRQGRYDGHWWRFKHDWWXDOPHQWHTXHVWRPLWRqFDUDWWHUL]]DWRGDOODOHJJHGHO
PHUFDWRGDOSRWHUHGHOGHQDURGDOYDORUHVXSSRVWRXQLYHUVDOHGHOODVFLHQ]D
PRGHUQD GDO SULPDWR GHOOD WHFQRORJLD DQFK
HVVD SHQVDWD QHFHVVDULD DOOD
FRQYLYHQ]DXPDQD
2UDQRQVLWUDWWDDIIDWWRGLQHJDUHFRQXQGXEELRUDGLFDOHTXHVWRPRGR
GLSHQVDUHHYHGHUHODYLWDGRYUHPPRIDUORDQFKHFRQOHFRQYLQ]LRQLGHOOH
DOWUH FXOWXUH H TXHVWR VLJQLILFKHUHEEH FDGHUH QHO FRVLGGHWWR UHODWLYLVPR
XVDWRGDWHPSRFRPHVSDXUDFFKLRGDHFFOHVLDVWLFLHSROLWLFLSHUVFRSLXPDQL
WURSSR XPDQL GLUHEEH 1LHW]VFKH PD VHPSOLFHPHQWH GL QRQ FRQVLGHUDUOR
XQ DVVROXWR GL UHODWLYL]]DUOR 1RQ VDUHEEH QHSSXUH QHFHVVDULR LQVLVWHUH VX
TXHVWR SXQWR VH QRQ IRVVH GLYHQWDWR XQ PRWLYR GL EDWWDJOLD LGHRORJLFD H
SROLWLFDSHUFKpqSULPDGLWXWWRLOEXRQVHQVRDVSLQJHUFLQHOODGLUH]LRQHGL
XQD VDQD UHODWLYLWj FXOWXUDOH &L DXJXULDPR FKH OH FURFLDWH L URJKL GHOOH
VWUHJKHHWXWWHOHLQTXLVL]LRQLOHSXUJKHOHHSXUD]LRQLHWFQRQWRUQLQRSL
LQWDQWR EDVWD GLUH FKH VH DQGLDPR D PDQJLDUH LQ XQ ULVWRUDQWH LQGLDQR R
FLQHVH R DIULFDQR QRQ OR IDFFLDPR SHUFKq YRJOLDPR QHJDUH OD JDVWURQRPLD
LWDOLDQDPDSHUFKqODFXULRVLWjFLPXRYHDIDUHHVSHULHQ]HGLYHUVHDGDSULUFL
DG DOWUH FRQFH]LRQL GHOOD FXFLQD DG DVVDJJLDUH FLEL GLYHUVL R GLYHUVDPHQWH
FXFLQDWL TXLQGL D UHODWLYL]]DUH  OD FXFLQD LWDOLDQD D QRQ FRQVLGHUDUOD XQ
DVVROXWRLQWRFFDELOH
6DUHPRLQJUDGRGLIDUHTXHVWRFRQODILORVRILDODUHOLJLRQHODVFLHQ]D
ODPHGLFLQDORVSRUWO
DUWHHWF"(FLRqGLFRPSUHQGHUHFKHOHVFRSHUWHGHOOD
QRVWUD FXOWXUD VRQR YDOLGH H OHJLWWLPH DO VXR LQWHUQR H DOOD OXFH GHL VXRL
SDUDPHWULFKHVRQRVHQ]
DOWURXWLOL]]DELOLDQFKHDOWURYHPDFKHDFFDQWRDG
HVVH FL VRQR OH VFRSHUWH GHOOH DOWUH FXOWXUH FKH FL VRQR DOWUL PRGHOOL GL
VFLHQWLILFLWj DOWUH PLOOHQDULH HVSHULHQ]H UHOLJLRVH SHU QXOOD LQIHULRUL R
LQFRPSOHWH ULVSHWWR DO FULVWLDQHVLPR DOWULPRGLGLSHQVDUHQRQEDVDWLVXL
FRQFHWWL DOWUH PHGLFLQH DOWUH DQDWRPLH H ILVLRORJLH DOWUH WHFQLFKH
FRUSRUHH  VL SHQVL DOOR <RJD R DO 7DL &KL FKXDQ R DOOH DUWL RULHQWDOL GL
FRPEDWWLPHQWR  FKH QRQ VRQR SLDFHYROL IRONORUL HVRWLFL PD XQLYHUVL GL
FRPSOHVVLWj LQLPPDJLQDELOH SHU O
RFFLGHQWDOH PHGLR VXFFXEH GHOOH VXH

Editoriale / Editorial

VLFXUH]]H" ( FKH TXHVWH VFRSHUWH IDWWH OXQJR L VHFROL LQ DOWUH ODWLWXGLQL
SRVVRQR HVVHUH LQWHJUDWH DUPRQLRVDPHQWH DOOH QRVWUH FRQ XQ ODYRUR FHUWR
GLIILFLOHGLIHFRQGD]LRQHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHFKHVLDOORQWDQLXQDYROWDSHUVHPSUH
GDOOD PHQ]RJQD GL VXSHULRULWj R LQIHULRULWj DVVROXWH GL XQD FLYLOWj R GL XQ
SRSRORVXXQDOWUR"
8Q DVSHWWR LPSRUWDQWH GL XQD ULIOHVVLRQH QRQ SL PRQRFXOWXUDOH PD
SOXUDOLVWLFD H LQWHUFXOWXUDOH q LQVRPPD PRVWUDUFL FKH DOWUH FLYLOWj VHQ]D
QHJDUHLORURODWLQHJDWLYLKDQQRDYXWRDOWULPLWLDOWUHFXOWXUHFKHKDQQRORUR
SHUPHVVR GL YLYHUH XQD YLWD SLHQD QDWXUDOPHQWH SHU FRORUR FKH FL KDQQR
FUHGXWR 4XHVWR SRL QRQ KD PROWR D FKH VSDUWLUH FRQ O
LGHDOL]]D]LRQH GHO
SDVVDWRRFRQODFHFLWjQHLFRQIURQWLGHLOLPLWLGHOOHDOWUHFXOWXUHFKHYDQQR
UHODWLYL]]DWHSURSULRFRPHODQRVWUD
&ULWLFDUH LO PRQRFXOWXUDOLVPR VLJQLILFD ULFRQRVFHUH OD YLROHQ]D FKH
HVVRSRUWDFRQVpODFDULFDXWRSLVWLFDQHJDWLYDFKHORDOLPHQWDFKH3DQLNNDU
ULFRQGXFHDGXQDUFKHWLSRPLWLFRSUHVHQWHQHOOD%LEELDQHOIDPRVRUDFFRQWR
GHOODWRUUHGL%DEHOH/
DUFKHWLSRTXHOORGHOO
XQLWjGHFOLQDWRFRPHXQLWjGHO
JHQHUH XPDQR TXL VL PRVWUD LQ XQ VLJQLILFDWR GHJHQHUDWR H LQYHUWLWR JOL
XRPLQLLSRWHQWLOHFLYLOWjSLIRUWLILQGDOO
LQL]LRGHOODVWRULDGHFLGRQRGL
FRVWUXLUHXQDJUDQGHWRUUHXQDVRODFLWWjXQDVRODFLYLOWjXQDVRODFXOWXUD
GLDGRUDUHXQVROR'LRLQJHQHUHLO'LRGHLYLQFLWRULGLLPSRUUHFLRqLOORUR
PRGHOOR GL YLWD D WXWWL FUHGHQGRVL HWHUQL H LPEDWWLELOL$OORUD QHO UDFFRQWR
ELEOLFR LQWHUYLHQH 'LR FKH GLVSHUGH JOL XRPLQL VX WXWWD OD WHUUD L JUDQGL
LPSHUL VL VRQR VHPSUH VJUHWRODWL L WLUDQQL VRQR PLVHUDPHQWH FDGXWL OH
LGHRORJLHWRWDOL]]DQWLUHOLJLRVHHQRQVLVRQRGLVVROWHFRPHQHYHDOVROH
'LR VD FKH OD UHDOWj XPDQD H FXOWXUDOH QRQ SXz HVVHUH ULGRWWD DG XQD
PRUWLILFDQWH XQLIRUPLWj VD FKH OD YHUD XQLWj q XQLWj GHOOH GLIIHUHQ]H q
GLDORJRIUDGLYHUVLHRJQLYROWDPDQGDLQIUDQWXPLTXHVWRVRJQRXWRSLVWLFR
FROWLYDWRGDLFRVLGGHWWLJUDQGLGHOOD7HUUDPDDQFKHGDLPHQRJUDQGLVL
SHQVLDTXHLJHQLWRULFKHIDQQRGLWXWWRSHULPSRUUHDLILJOLLOORURPRGRGL
SHQVDUHHLOORURVWLOHGLYLWDDLQVHJQDQWLSUHWLPDHVWULFDSLGLFRPXQLWj
SDUWLWLHWFFKHSUHWHQGRQRGLDYHUHODOLQHDJLXVWDODJLXVWDHYHUDGRWWULQDL
YDORUL YHUL QRQ QHJR]LDELOL SHU HV D SURSRVLWR GL IDPLJOLD YLWD
GHPRFUD]LDVHVVXDOLWjJLXVWL]LDHFRQRPLDHWFHSURLHWWDQRLORURGHOLULGL
JUDQGH]]DVXLPDOFDSLWDWLORURVRJJHWWL
0L SLDFH FRQFOXGHUH TXHVWR HGLWRULDOH LQYLWDQGR DOO
DWWHQWD OHWWXUD
GHJOL VFULWWL WDOXQL YHUDPHQWH LOOXPLQDQWL FRQWHQXWL QHOOD ULYLVWD FRQ XQ
WHVWRGL3DQLNNDUWUDWWRGD/DWRUUHGL%DEHOH


Cirpit Review



&KH FRVD DFFDGUHEEH VH QRL VHPSOLFHPHQWH VPHWWHVVLPR GL DIIDQQDUFL D

FRVWUXLUH TXHVWD WUHPHQGD WRUUH XQLWDULD" &KH FRVD VH LQYHFH ULPDQHVVLPR
QHOOH QRVWUH EHOOH SLFFROH FDSDQQH H FDVH H IRFRODUL GRPHVWLFL H FXSROH H
LQFRPLQFLDVVLPR D FRVWUXLUH VHQWLHUL GL FRPXQLFD]LRQH LQYHFH FKH VROR GL
WUDVSRUWR FKH SRWUHEEHUR FRO WHPSR FRQYHUWLUVL LQ YLH GL FRPXQLRQH IUD
GLIIHUHQWLWULEVWLOLGLYLWDUHOLJLRQLILORVRILHFRORULUD]]HHWXWWRLOUHVWR"(
DQFKH VH QRQ ULXVFLVVLPR DG DEEDQGRQDUH LO VRJQR GHO VLVWHPD PRQROLWLFR
GHOOD 7RUUH GL %DEHOHTXHVWR VRJQR GL XQ
XPDQLWj XQLWDULD QRQ SRWUHEEH
HVVHUH VRGGLVIDWWR FRVWUXHQGR VHPSOLFHPHQWH VWUDGH GL FRPXQLFD]LRQH
SLXWWRVWR FKH TXDOFKH JLJDQWHVFR LPSHUR YLH GL FRPXQLRQH LQYHFH FKH GL
FRHUFL]LRQH VHQWLHUL FKH SRVVDQR FRQGXUFL DO VXSHUDPHQWR GHO QRVWUR
SURYLQFLDOLVPR VHQ]D VSLQJHUFL WXWWL QHOOR VWHVVR VDFFR QHOOR VWHVVR FXOWR
QHOODPRQRWRQLDGHOODVWHVVDFXOWXUD"



,O &,53,7 GHVLGHUD ULQJUD]LDUH LO 3URI $UQDOGR 1HVWL &,65(&2 &HQWUR
,QWHUQD]LRQDOHGL6WXGLVXOUHOLJLRVRFRQWHPSRUDQHRL3URIHVVRUL*LDFRPR
0DUUDPDR *LRUJLR 7DIIRQ 6LPRQD /DQGROIL *DVSDUHWWL 8QLYHUVLWj 5RPD
7UH LO 5HWWRUH GHOOD )DFROWj GL /HWWHUH H )LORVRILD 3URI5REHUWR 9HQXWL
8QLYHUVLWjGL6LHQDHODWWRUH(PDQXHOH9H]]ROL(GLQROWUHLO6LQGDFRGL
5RFFHOOD -RQLFD 'U*LXVHSSH &HUWRPj  O$VVHVVRUH DOOH 3ROLWLFKH 6RFLDOL
'U*DEULHOH$OYDUROD3UHVLGH3URI0DULD&DUPHOD)HUULJQRHLO6HQDWRUH
'U6LVLQLR=LWRLQVLHPHDWXWWLJOLRUJDQL]]DWRULLFROODERUDWRULL&RPXQL
HOH$VVRFLD]LRQLHDWXWWLFRORURFKHKDQQRDGHULWRDOQRVWURLQYLWRHGKDQ
QRFRQWULEXLWRDOODUHDOL]]D]LRQHHGDOEXRQHVLWRGHOOH*LRUQDWH,QWHUFXOWX
UDOL &,53,7  8Q SDUWLFRODUH ULQJUD]LDPHQWR YD LQROWUH DOO81(6&2
SHUOLPSRUWDQWHSDWURFLQLR



Le pagine di Raimon Panikkar/Pages by Raimon Panikkar

Le pagine di Raimon Panikkar


7UDGX]LRQHLWDOLDQDGHOWHVWRWUDWWRGDOODYLGHRLQWHUYLVWDWUDVFULWWDLQOLQJXD
LQJOHVHGD0LFKLNR<XVD
Raimon Panikkar, The New Innocence'9'!
'H1LHXZH2QVFKXOW7KH1HZ,QQRFHQFH,.21PLQXWHV


8QDGHOOHPHWDIRUHFKHXVRVSHVVRqTXHOODGHOODILQHVWUD
DWWUDYHUVRODTXDOHQRLWXWWLYHGLDPRLOPRQGRGDOQRVWUR
SDUWLFRODUHSXQWRGLYLVWD
1RLYHGLDPRLOPRQGRDWWUDYHUVRXQDILQHVWUD
$TXHVWRSURSRVLWRYRJOLRIDUHGXHRVVHUYD]LRQL

3LODILQHVWUDqSXOLWDPHQRYHGRODILQHVWUDHLOYHWUR
(SLVRQRLQVLQWRQLDHSLDPRFLzFKHYHGR
PHQRYHGRODPLDILQHVWUD,RYHGRDWWUDYHUVRODILQHVWUD
HKRELVRJQRGLTXDOFXQRFKHPLGLFD
7XYHGLDWWUDYHUVRXQDILQHVWUD
0DDOORUDDQFKLRSRVVRGLUHDOODOWUR
$QFKHWXYHGLDWWUDYHUVRXQDILQHVWUD
(DOORUDSRVVLDPRVFDPELDUFLOHQRVWUHRVVHUYD]LRQL

,QOLQHDGLPDVVLPDYHGLDPRTXDVLORVWHVVRSDHVDJJLR
PDIRUVHYHGLDPRLQPRGRGLYHUVR
(IRUVHLRGLFR2KQRLRLQYHFHYHGRTXHVWR
9DEHQHHFFRSHUFKpDEELDPRELVRJQROXQRGHOODOWUR

0DFqXQDOWUDFRVDFKHULJXDUGDODPHWDIRUDGHOODILQHVWUD
,RYHGRDWWUDYHUVRODPLDILQHVWUDHQRQSRVVRGLUHFKHQRQ
YHGRFLzFKHYHGRDWWUDYHUVRODPLDILQHVWUD
,RQRQYHGRDWWUDYHUVRODILQHVWUDGHOPLRYLFLQR
PDVHDPRLOPLRYLFLQRLOFKHSHQVRQRQVLDPDOH
DOORUDDVFROWHUzODGHVFUL]LRQHGLFLzFKHHJOLGLFHHGLUz
%HKPLGLVSLDFHLRQRQYHGRODVWHVVDFRVDSHUFKpQRQYHGR
OD>WXD@ILQHVWUDPDVHQWRFKHPLVWDLGLFHQGRTXDOFRVDOWUR

%HQHDOORUDFRVDVFRSUR"6FRSURGXHFRVHFKHODOWURLOPLR
YLFLQRQRQYHGHLOPRQGRFRPHPHPDVFRSURDQFKHFKHLR

Cirpit Review



QRQYHGRWXWWRLOPRQGRSHUFKpDPHQRFKHOXLVLDSD]]R
RLRXQIDQDWLFRVHQWRHULFRUGLDPRFKH6DQ3DRORGLFHFKH
ODIHGHYLHQHGDOODVFROWRVHQWRODOWURFKHPLGLFHTXDOFRVD
VXOPRQGRRVXOODUHDOWjFKHOXLROHLYHGRQRGDOODILQHVWUDHLRQR

$OORUDGLFRLOPRQGRqPROWRSLEHOORGLTXDQWRSHQVDVVL
3HQVDYRGLYHGHUHWXWWRLQXQXQLFDLPPDJLQHPDRUDWXPLGLFL
FKHFqGHOODOWURFKHLRQRQYHGR>@FKHSXzSLDFHUPLRPHQR
PDFKHqXQDUULFFKLPHQWRXQDVILGD

(TXLFRPLQFLDLOGLDORJRLQWUDUHOLJLRVR
WXGLFLFLzFKHYHGLFLzFKHFUHGLWXUDFFRQWLODWXDHVSHULHQ]D
HQHOORVWHVVRWHPSRDVFROWLDOWULFKHUDFFRQWDQRDOWUHVWRULHHGDOWUH
HVSHULHQ]HLQFXLFUHGRQR
(FRVuGLDORJKLDPR


$WWL3URFHHGLQJV&,53,7&,65(&2



Raimon Panikkar e la sfida dei nostri tempi


0DULD5REHUWD&DSSHOOLQL
&LUSLW
2JJLQRQVWLDPRYLYHQGRXQ
HSRFDGLFDPELDPHQWRPDVWLDPR
DVVLVWHQGRDGXQFDPELDPHQWRGHSRFD53DQLNNDU

Abstract
:HUHOLYLQJLQDQDJHRIWUDQVLWLRQWKHROGP\WKVYLVLRQVRIOLIHKDYHGLHGDQGWKHQHZ
RQHVKDYHQRW\HWHPHUJHGZHKDYHWRSUHSDUHWKHJURXQGIRUDQHZP\WKEDVHGRQSOXUDO
LVPSHDFHDQGKDUPRQ\DV3DQLNNDUDIILUPHG)RUWKLVUHDVRQZHKDYHWRGHFRQVWUXFWRXU
JOREDOYLVLRQRIWKHZRUOGUHVHWRXUPRQROLWKLFEHOLHIVDQGSUHMXGLFHVRXURFFLGHQWDORIIL
FLDO GRJPDWLVPV ERWK FRQIHVVLRQDO DQG VFLHQWLILF UHWKLQN RXU SRVLWLRQV DQG FURVV RXU
IURQWLHUVGLVFRYHULQJRWKHUQHVV 7REXLOGDQHZP\WK ZHQHHGLQWHUFXOWXUDOLW\DQGGLD
ORJXH7KHGLDORJLFDOGLDORJXHFRQGLWLRQVDUHUHSUHVHQWHGE\DKROLVWLFHGXFDWLRQEDVHG
RQ WKH LGHD RI KXPDQ ZKROHQHVV E\ DQ HPSDWKLF DWWLWXGH EDVHG RQ WKH ELQRPLDO RI
NQRZOHGJHDQGORYHDQGE\WKHV\PEROLFODQJXDJHZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHVRXUUHODWLRQDODGXDO
H[SHULHQFH7KHVHGLDORJLFDODVSHFWVFDQHQDEOHXVWRUHDOL]HWKHUDGLFDOUHODWLYLW\RIRXU
SRVLWLRQVDQGRSLQLRQVOHDUQLQJIURPWKHRWKHUVH[SHULHQFHVZKLOHGLVFRYHULQJRXUURRWV
DQG DW WKH VDPH WLPH ZLGHQLQJ RXU KRUL]RQV 7KLV UHODWLYH KXPDQ IDFWRU UHVL]LQJ  RXU
HJRERRVWVFDQRSHQXVXSWRUHDONQRZOHGJHDQGWRWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDFURVVIHFXQGDWLRQ
DPRQJGLIIHUHQWFXOWXUHV



Introduzione
3DQLNNDU  OHJJH OD FULVL FRQWHPSRUDQHD LQ WHUPLQL GL IUDQWXPD]LRQH
GHOO
XRPR H GHO VXR VDSHUH FRPH XQD FULVL GHO PLWR PRQRFXOWXUDOH
PRQRWHLVWLFRIRQGDWLYRGHOO
2FFLGHQWHFKHKDSURGRWWRLGLYHUVLPLWLPRGHU
QL GHO SURJUHVVR GHOOD VWRULD GHOOD WHFQRORJLD GHO FRORQLDOLVPR L PLWL GHO
FRVLGGHWWR
XRPR FLYLOL]]DWR
 8Q XRPR GHGLWR DOO LQGLYLGXDOLVPR DO SRV
VHVVRDOGRPLQLRDOSRWHUHPDFKHQHOORVWHVVRWHPSRQRQqLQJUDGRGLVR
VWHQHUHXQDFRQYLYHQ]DSDFLILFDDWWDDJDUDQWLUHODVRSUDYYLYHQ]DGHOODVXD
VSHFLH &RPH VRWWROLQHD 3DQLNNDU FLz FKH QHO  SDVVDWR UDSSUHVHQWDYD 'LR
XQDUHOLJLRQHRXQD&KLHVDRJJLqVWDWRVRVWLWXLWRGDXQPHUFDWRJOREDOHXQ
JRYHUQRHXQDGHPRFUD]LDPRQGLDOLPDLQHIIHWWLVLWUDWWDGHOODVWHVVDVLQ
GURPHFRORQLDOLVWDPRQRFXOWXUDOHXQDFXOWXUDFKHSUHYDOHVXOOHDOWUHFRQ
VLGHUDWHLQIHULRULRVRWWRVYLOXSSDWH0DTXHVWRVWHVVRVLVWHPDRJJLSDUHQRQ



Maria Roberta Cappellini

IXQ]LRQDUHSLLOSUREOHPDQRQqSLVRORHFRQRPLFRHVVRULJXDUGDOLQWHUD
FRQGL]LRQHXPDQDHUDSSUHVHQWDODFULVLGLXQHSRFD 
Mythos e Logos
&RVD VL LQWHQGH FRQ P\WKRV"  ,O PLWR q FLz FKH FL FLUFRQGD LO QRVWUR
RUL]]RQWHGLLQWHOOLJLELOLWjODILQHVWUDDWWUDYHUVRODTXDOHYHGLDPRLOPRQGR
ODEDVHVXOODTXDOHFRVWUXLDPRLQRVWULJUDQGLVLVWHPL/XRPRQRQSXzYLYH
UHVHQ]DPLWRSHUFKpHVVRUDSSUHVHQWDLOIRQGDPHQWRGHOODSDURODHGHOSHQ
VLHURPHQWUHLOORJRVQHFRVWLWXLVFHLOOLQJXDJJLR0\WKRVH/RJRVVRQRLQ
VHSDUDELOL /XRPR FRVWUXLVFH H GHFRVWUXLVFH L SURSUL PLWL  D SDUWLUH GD XQ
SURFHVVRGLPLWRORJL]]D]LRQHHGHPLWRORJL]]D]LRQHTXLQGLDWWUDYHUVRLOOR
JRV3RWUHPPRGLUHDOORUDFKHLOPLWRUDSSUHVHQWDJOLRFFKLFRQFXLJXDU
GLDPR OH RUHFFKLH FRQ OH TXDOL VHQWLDPR H OH SDUROH FRQ OH TXDOL FL HVSUL
PLDPR3DQLNNDUXVDXQDEHOODPHWDIRUDLQTXHVWRVHQVRODPHWDIRUDGHOOD
ILQHVWUD /D ILQHVWUD GD FXL JXDUGDUH LO PRQGR UDSSUHVHQWD LO QRVWUR PLWR
/DPHWDIRUDqPROWRFKLDUDHUHQGHVXELWRHYLGHQWHFKHFLVRQRPROWHSRVVL
ELOLILQHVWUHGDFXLJXDUGDUHHPRQGLGLYHUVLDVHFRQGDGLFKLJXDUGD
,Q TXHVWR VHQVR RJQL FXOWXUD QRQ q XQD YLVLRQH GHO PRQGR PD q XQ
PRQGR LQ Vp 2JQL FXOWXUD q DYYROWD QHO VXR PLWR FKH FRPH VRJJHWWL  QRQ
SRVVLDPRYHGHUHSRLFKpJXDUGLDPRDWWUDYHUVRGLHVVRODILQHVWUD3HUTXH
VWRPRWLYRqHVVHQ]LDOHRJJLXVFLUHGDLQRVWULPLWLLQFRQWUDQGRDOWUHFXOWXUH
DOWUL PRQGL QRQ VROR SHU HVSDQGHUH L QRVWUL FRQILQL ULVWUHWWL PD DQFKH SHU
FRQRVFHUHGLSLQRLVWHVVL,QSDUWLFRODUHDEELDPRELVRJQRGLXQQXRYRPL
WRFKHSHUPHWWDXQDFRHVLVWHQ]DSDFLILFDHODVDOYDJXDUGLDGHOODQRVWUDLGHQ
WLWjHGHOQRVWURDPELHQWHQDWXUDOH,QTXHVWRVHQVRDEELDPRELVRJQRGLGLD
ORJR H LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWj DO ILQH GL UDJJLXQJHUH XQD  PXWXD IHFRQGD]LRQH WUD
FXOWXUH OH RFFLGHQWDOL HG RULHQWDOL TXDOH FRQGLWLR VLQH TXD QRQ SHU OD WUD
VIRUPD]LRQHGHOOHFRVFLHQ]HJUPHWjQRLDQHFHVVDULDDOILQHGHOODQRVWUDVR
SUDYYLYHQ]D 


53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJ2UELV1<H5HOLJLRQHH5HOLJLRQL-DFD
%RRN0LODQR

'9'9LGHRLQWHUYLHZ'H1LHXZH2QVFKXOW7KH1HZ,QQRFHQFH,.21

53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJ7KH*LIIRUG/HFWXUHV0DU\NQROO2UELV1<

$WWL3URFHHGLQJV&,53,7&,65(&2



$WDOULJXDUGR3DQLNNDUFLLQYLWDDWURYDUHXQQXRYRPLWRDWWUDYHUVROD
SUDWLFDGHOGLDORJRGLDORJLFRFKHDOFRQWHPSRUDSSUHVHQWDLOIRQGDPHQWR
GHOODVXD HWLFDFRQGLYLVD ,QSULPROXRJRYDRVVHUYDWRFKHTXHVWRWLSRGL
GLDORJRqORQWDQRGDOODGLDOHWWLFDRUGLQDULDDUJRPHQWDWLYDXWLOL]]DWDLQ2F
FLGHQWHILQGDLWHPSLGHOODILORVRILDJUHFDHEDVDWDVXOODSULRULWjGHOFRQFHWWR
LQGLYLGXDOH GHOOD UDJLRQH DUPDWD HOHPHQWL UDSSUHVHQWDWLYL GL XQ WLSR GL
XQDSUDWLFDGLDORJLFDDWWDDSUHYDULFDUHGRPLQDUHYLQFHUHODFRQWURSDUWH
$OFRQWUDULRLOGLDORJRGLDORJLFRSRJJLDVXXQDEDVHFRPSOHWDPHQWH
GLYHUVDSRLFKqqFRVWUXLWRVXOSULQFLSLRGLSDULWjGHJOLHVVHULXPDQLHGLSDUL
GLJQLWjGHOOHFXOWXUH6LWUDWWDGLXQGLDORJRDSHUWRLQTXDQWRQRQPLUDWRD
FRQFOXVLRQL XQLYRFKH  FRQWLQXR LQ TXDQWR  WUDVIRUPDWR GDOOD FRVFLHQ]D
XPDQDQHOWHPSRHLPSDUDWLYRLQTXDQWREDVDWRVXXQDWWHJJLDPHQWRSHU
VRQDOHDSHUWRHULFHWWLYRIDYRUHQWHXQSURFHVVRGLDXWRFULWLFD(VVRUDSSUH
VHQWD OD VILGD GHO QRVWUR WHPSR H ULJXDUGD OD YHUD TXHVWLRQH SUDWLFD GHOOD
FRQYLYHQ]DXPDQDHGHOODVDOYDJXDUGLDGHOQRVWURSLDQHWD$WDOHSURSRVLWR
DOFXQHSDUROHSRVVRQRVLQWHWL]]DUHLO
GHFDORJRHWLFR
GL3DQLNNDUFKLDUHQGR
QHODYLVLRQH
4XDQGRHQWULLQXQGLDORJRQRQSHQVDUHLQSULPROXRJRDTXHOORLQFXLFUHGL
4XDQGRVRVWLHQLLOWXRSXQWRGLYLVWDQRQGLIHQGHUHWHVWHVVRQpLWXRLLQWH
UHVVLDQFKHVHVDFULSHUWH)DLFRPHJOLXFFHOOLGHOFLHORFKHFDQWDQRHYRODQR
HQRQGLIHQGRQRODORURPXVLFDQpLOORURPRYLPHQWR4XDQGRLQWUDSUHQGLXQ
GLDORJRFHUFDGLULPXRYHUH LWXRLSUHJLXGL]L SULPDGLULPXRYHUHTXHOOLGHJOL
DOWUL 

,OGLDORJRLQWUDHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHqXQ
HVSHULHQ]DVHFRQGRO
HWLPROR
JLDJUHFDSHLURSHLUjRSDVVDUHDWWUDYHUVRUDSSUHVHQWDWLYDGLXQSDVVDJ
JLRDWWUDYHUVRXQRVSD]LRSRVWRWUDQRLHO
DOWHULWjLQWHUFXOWXUDOHXQ
HVSH
ULHQ]DGLFRQWLQJHQ]DLQFXLWRFFKLDPRODWFXPWDQJHUHLQRVWULOLPLWLLQ
WUDFXOWXUDOH 1RQ VL WUDWWD GL DIIHUPDUH XQD UDJLRQH PD GL SUHQGHUH FR
VFLHQ]DGLWDOLFRQILQLDWWUDYHUVRO
DVFROWRGHJOLDOWUL/DSURVSHWWLYDGLDORJL
FDFKHULFKLHGHGLDSULUHXQGLDORJRWUDSDULqLQWDOPRGRFRPSOHWDPHQWH
LQYHUWLWDGLYHQWDQGRXQDVRUWDGLOLEHUD]LRQHHDOWHPSRVWHVVRXQSURFHVVR


53DQLNNDU,OGLVFRUVRGHOODPRQWDJQDGHOGLDORJRLQWUDUHOLJLRVRLQLO'LDORJRLQWUDUHOL
JLRVR&LWWDGHOOD$VVLVL



Maria Roberta Cappellini

GHVWDELOL]]DQWH8QSURFHVVRLQFXLTXDOFRVDLQHYLWDELOPHQWHPXRUHSUHJLX
GL]L VRYUDVWUXWWXUH YDORUL FXOWXUDOL GDQGR YLWD D SRFR D SRFR D TXDO
FRVDOWURXQDOWURPLWRFKHQRQSXzHVVHUHSUHYLVWRQqSLDQLILFDWR$WWUD
YHUVRODVFROWRHPSDWLFROHSRVL]LRQLGHJOLLQWHUORFXWRULYHQJRQRSURJUHVVL
YDPHQWHGHVWUXWWXUDWHVSRVWDQGRLOORURDVVHGLULIHULPHQWRGDXQDVLWXD]LRQH
DXWRDVVHUWLYDDGXQDFRVFLHQ]DPHQRHJRFHQWUDWDHSLHVWHVD7DOHSURFHV
VRGHFRVWUXWWLYRGLWLSRVSHFXODUHLQFXLODOWURGLYLHQHVSHFFKLRSHUPHWWH
GLUHDOL]]DUHODUHODWLYLWjGHOOHVLQJROHSRVL]LRQLLGHRORJLFKHDYYLDQGRXQ
SURFHVVR GL DXWRFULWLFD LQ JUDGR GL IDYRULUH XQD PLJOLRUH FRPSUHQVLRQH
GHOODPELHQWHVRFLDOHHFXOWXUDOHGLULIHULPHQWRULGXFHQGROHSHUVRQDOLSUH
WHVHWRWDOLWDULHHQHOORVWHVVRWHPSRDPSOLDQGRJOLRUL]]RQWLGHOOHSDUWL
(LPSRUWDQWHVRWWROLQHDUHFKHODUHODWLYLWjUDGLFDOHGL3DQLNNDUQRQ
qHTXLSDUDELOHDGDOFXQUHODWLYLVPRLQTXDQWRqULIHULELOHDFRQWHVWLGLDORJL
FLFKHVHSSXUFLUFRVFULWWLHVVHQGRLQWHUFRQQHVVLHLQWHULQGLSHQGHQWLFRQ
IHULVFRQRDOOHFRVHVHQVRHYDORUHUHODWLYLFKHQHOVHFRQGRFDVRUHODWLYL
VPR VDUHEEHUR LQYHFH GLVDWWHVL /D UHODWLYLWj FRQGXFH DO SOXUDOLVPR 1HOOH
QRVWUHVRFLHWjLOSOXUDOLVPRRJJLqGLYHQWDWRLOFXRUHGHOSUREOHPDSRLFKpD
OLYHOORHVLVWHQ]LDOHHVVRqFRVWLWXLWRGDOODSUHVHQ]DHIIHWWLYDGHOO
DOWURFKH
FRVWULQJHDSUHQGHUHXQDSRVL]LRQHDOGLOjGLRJQLIRUPDGLLQFRPSDWLELOLWj
3HU WDOH PRWLYR LO SOXUDOLVPR QRQ YD LQWHVRFRPHXQWLSRGLPXOWLFXOWXUDOL
VPR DVVHUWLYR H QRQFRPXQLFDWLYR ULJXDUGDQWH  JUXSSL VHSDUDWL FKH FRHVL
VWRQR VHQ]D DOFXQD YHUD FRPXQLFD]LRQH SHUVRQDOH PD SLXWWRVWR FRPH XQD
IRUPD GL UHOD]LRQH GLDORJLFD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH XPDQDPHQWH FRLQYROJHQWH GL
WUDVIRUPD]LRQHGHOODFRVFLHQ]DLQGLYLGXDOH8QPRGRSHULPSDUDUHDFRQGL
YLGHUHHGLYHQLUHVXSSRUWRGHOOHGLIIHUHQ]HFXOWXUDOLXQSURFHVVRFKH3DQLN
NDUFKLDPDGLLQFXOWXUD]LRQHRPXWXDIHFRQGD]LRQH


Le condizioni del dialogo

&RPHqSRVVLELOHDSULUVLDGXQYHURGLDORJRWUDOHFXOWXUH",OGLDORJR
GLDORJLFRULFKLHGHDOFXQHFRQGL]LRQL,QGXEELDPHQWHLOSULPRDVSHWWRULJXDU
GD OD IRQGDPHQWDOH TXHVWLRQH HGXFDWLYD /DPELHQWH PXOWLHWQLFR H
ODSSURFFLR PXOWLFXOWXUDOH DSHUWR DG DOWUH OLQJXH H DG DOWUH WUDGL]LRQL VRQR
HVVHQ]LDOLSHUDFTXLVLUHXQHVSHULHQ]DGLDORJLFDSHUVHQVLELOL]]DUHJOLHVVHUL

$WWL3URFHHGLQJV&,53,7&,65(&2



XPDQLDOODGLIIHUHQ]DHSHUDYYLDUHLOSURFHVVRGLULXPDQL]]D]LRQHGHOOHQR
VWUHVRFLHWj&RQVLGHUDWDVRWWRIRUPDGLDSSUHQGLPHQWRSHUPDQHQWHO
HGXFD
]LRQHGHLJLRYDQLHGHJOLDGXOWLULFKLHGHXQDSHGDJRJLDULQQRYDWDEDVDWDVX
XQDSSURFFLRROLVWLFRFKHFRLQYROJDWXWWHOHIDFROWjGHOO
HVVHUHXPDQRILVLFR
PHQWDOH H VSLULWXDOH H OH WUH GLPHQVLRQL GHOO HVLVWHQ]D FRVPLFD XPDQD H
GLYLQD4XHVWHXOWLPHVHFRQGR3DQLNNDUQRQVRQRVHSDUDWHPDGLVWLQWDPHQ
WHFRQQHVVHIUDORURVHFRQGRXQUDSSRUWRGLLQWHULQGLSHQGHQ]DHFRPSHQH
WUD]LRQH1HOODVXDYLVLRQHFRVPRWHDQGULFDRWHDQWURSRFRVPLFDO
HOHPHQ
WRVDFURqLQWHJUDWRQHOODGLPHQVLRQHVHFRODUHGHOODTXRWLGLDQHLWjHYLFHYHU
VDVHQ]DDOFXQDVHSDUD]LRQHWUDJOLDVSHWWLLPPDQHQWLHWUDVFHQGHQWLFKHUH
VWDQRXQLWLVHSSXUGLVWLQWLLQEDVHDOSULQFLSLRGLDGXDOLWj'REELDPRFKLD
UDPHQWH FDSRYROJHUH LO QRVWUR SXQWR GL YLVWD DELWXDOH SRLFKq O
DOEHUR GHOOD
YLWDSHU3DQLNNDUKDOHUDGLFLLQFLHOR

Lattitudine patica
8QLPSRUWDQWHDVSHWWRGHOGLDORJRqUDSSUHVHQWDWRGDOODWWLWXGLQHHP
SDWLFD /HVSHULHQ]D LQWHUFXOWXUDOH GLDORJLFD FRPH FL ULFRUGD 3DQLNNDU DG
XQOLYHOORSLSURIRQGRQRQKDELVRJQRVRORGLUD]LRQDOLWjPDHVVHQGRSUR
SULDPHQWHUHOD]LRQHLPSOLFDQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXQDVSHWWRSDWLFRXQYLQFROR
GL DPRUH SHU GLYHQLUH YHUD FRQRVFHQ]D &RPH LQGLFDWR GDOOD HWLPRORJLD
IUDQFHVH GHO WHUPLQH FRQQDvWUH QDVFHUH LQVLHPH FRPH SXUH GDO YHUER
LWDOLDQR FRQFHSLUH QHOOD GRSSLD DFFH]LRQH GL FRQRVFHUH H SURFUHDUH OD
QRVWUDFRPSUHQVLRQHDXWHQWLFDULFKLHGHDPRUH/DFRQRVFHQ]DVHQ]DODPRUH
GLYLHQHFDOFRORODPRUHVHQ]DFRQRVFHQ]DqSXURVHQWLPHQWDOLVPR1HOGLD
ORJR q TXLQGL QHFHVVDULR PDQWHQHUH O
XQLWj GHL GXH DVSHWWL FRJQLWLYL LQWHQ
]LRQDOH H SDWLFR PHQWH H FXRUH UDJLRQH H LQWXL]LRQH FRPH JLj HVSUHVVR
GDOODILORVRILD DQWLFDRGDDOFXQL JUDQGLSRHWL FRPH DG HVHPSLR ,EQ
$UDEL
5XPLR'DQWHGDOORUR LQWHOOHWWRG
DPRUH(VRSUDWWXWWRTXHVWDDSHUWXUD
SDWLFD FKH FRPSUHQGH OH IRUPH GHOO HPSDWLD GHOOD VLPSDWLD H GHOOD FRP
SDVVLRQH QHL VLJQLILFDWL HWLPRORJLFL GHOOH DQWLFKH OLQJXH ODWLQD JUHFD R
HEUDLFD YDOH D GLUH O
DWWHJJLDPHQWR XPDQR IHPPLQLOH GL ULFHWWLYLWj FKH q
LQJUDGRGLDSULUHODSSURFFLRGLDORJLFRGLXQDUHOD]LRQHDXWHQWLFDDOODYL

Maria Roberta Cappellini



VLRQHGLYLWDGHOO
DOWURHGDOO
HVSHULHQ]DHVLVWHQ]LDOHFRQGLYLGHQGRODVHFRQ
GRGLYHUVLOLYHOOLVHQ]DFRQIRQGHUVLFRQHVVD 
,QSDUWLFRODUHODSHUWXUDHPSDWLFDSXzIDFLOLWDUHO
DSSURFFLRGLDORJLFR
LQTXDQWRUDSSUHVHQWDXQDUHOD]LRQHDGXDOHIDWWDGLYLFLQDQ]DHORQWDQDQ]D
GL SDWKRV H UDJLRQHFKHVLEDVDQRQVROR VXOUDSSRUWR UD]LRQDOHPD DQFKH
VXOOHFRPXQLFD]LRQLVSRQWDQHH4XHVWHVRQROHJDWHDOOLQJXDJJLRGHOFRUSR
DLVHQVLDOOHHPR]LRQLDLVHQWLPHQWLDOO
LPPDJLQD]LRQHDOO
LQWXL]LRQHHFF
HOHPHQWLFKHVYROJRQRXQUXRORIRQGDPHQWDOHQHOODSHUWXUDGLDORJLFDQRQ
VRORYHUEDOPHQWHHFRQFHWWXDOPHQWHPDDQFKHLQVHQVRLQWHUDWWLYRQRQYHU
EDOHIDYRUHQGRXQDIRUPDPROWRSLVRWWLOHGLDVFROWRVLQHVWHWLFRHGLFRP
SUHQVLRQHGHOODUHDOWj 
,Q SDUWLFRODUH DO FXOPLQH GHO SURFHVVR GLDORJLFR GHFRVWUXWWLYR LQWUD
GLDORJLFR3DQLNNDUSRQHLOSULPRGLULWWRGLRJQLXRPRO
DWWRGHOSHUGRQR
O
XQLFRFKHULFRQRVFHODSDULGLJQLWjGHJOLHVVHUL XPDQLLQVHQVRSURIRQGR
7DOH DWWR UDSSUHVHQWD OD EDVH GHOOD WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GHO GLDORJR LQ XQD YHUD
LQFXOWXUD]LRQH H  GHOOH WHQVLRQL RSSRVLWLYH LQ SRODULWj FUHDWLYH 4XHVWD
WUDVIRUPD]LRQH VL UHDOL]]D SLHQDPHQWH TXDQGR OLR GLYHQWD WX TXDQGR
O
DOWURORVWUDQLHURODWDOLXGGLYHQWDO
DOWURPLRVLPLOHODWDOWHULQYLUWGL
XQ DWWR LQWHULRUH OLEHUR H VSRQWDQHR FKH q VRVWDQ]LDOPHQWH DWWR GDPRUH
1RQULIHULELOHQDWXUDOPHQWHDGXQVHQWLPHQWDOLVPRVXSHUILFLDOHHVVRWRFFDLO
OLYHOORRQWRORJLFRQHOPRPHQWRLQFXLULFRQRVFHODUHODWLYLWjLQGLYLGXDOHHOD
GLPHQVLRQH FRVPRWHDQGULFD FRPXQH DJOL HVVHUL XPDQL SHUPHWWHQGRQH  OD
FRPXQLRQHGLRUL]]RQWL3DQLNNDUDIIHUPDYDDTXHVWRSURSRVLWR


,OYHURGLDORJRQRQVWDLQFLzFKHGLFRLRRLQFLzFKHGLFHO
DOWURPDLQFLz
FKHqDOGLOjGLQRLGLFXLQpLRQpO
DOWURDEELDPRXQDSUHYLDFRQRVFHQ]DHVX
FXLQRQDEELDPRDOFXQSRWHUH

 7KLV QDWXUDO SULQFLSOH UHGLVFRYHUHG E\ WKH SKLORVRSKHU (GLWK 6WHLQ DV HPSDWK\ KDV
EHHQDFWXDOO\RXWOLQHGDOVRE\'DQLHO*ROHPDQVSV\FKRORJ\WKHHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH
RUE\&DUO5RJHUVSHGDJRJ\HPSDWK\DVDZD\RIEHLQJDFFRUGLQJWRGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRI
GHHSHQLQJ

,QWKLVUHJDUGZHGOLNHWRPHQWLRQWKHUHYROXWLRQDU\SV\FKRDQDO\WLFSUDFWLFHRIWKH&DWD
ODQ)UDQFHVF7RVTXHOOHV

53DQLNNDU3D]\GHVDUPHFXOWXUDO(VSDVD0DGULG

$WWL3URFHHGLQJV&,53,7&,65(&2



Il Linguaggio Simbolico


0DYLqXQXOWHULRUHDVSHWWRLPSRUWDQWHFRPHLSUHFHGHQWL3HUHQWUDUH
LQ XQ GLDORJR GLDORJLFR DEELDPR ELVRJQR GL UHFXSHUDUH XQD FRPSUHQVLRQH
VLPEROLFDGHOODYLWD6HLQIDWWLODGLIIHUHQ]DHVVHQ]LDOHWUDFXOWXUHqFDUDWWH
UL]]DWDGDOO
HOHPHQWRPLWLFRQHFRQVHJXHFKHODUHOD]LRQHGLDORJLFDQRQSXz
DYYHQLUHDOLYHOORFRQFHWWXDOHPDVHFRQGRXQDSSURFFLRVLPEROLFR,VLPER
OLVRQRHOHPHQWLGLGLYHUVLWjLUULGXFLELOLGDOSXQWRGLYLVWDORJLFRHULFKLHGR
QRSHUWDQWRXQDGLYHUVDOHWWXUDXQGLYHUVRFRLQYROJLPHQWRXQDSSURFFLR
GRUGLQHLQWXLWLYR


/DSHUFH]LRQHVLPEROLFDGHOODUHDOWj qULIHULELOH DGXQDYLVLRQHLQWHU

FRQQHVVD GLQVLHPH FKH SXz HVVHU FROWD LQWXLWLYDPHQWH GLYHUVDPHQWH
GDOOLQGLYLGXD]LRQH DQDOLWLFD GHOOH SDUWL VHSDUDWH FRJOLELOH DWWUDYHUVR
ODVWUD]LRQHGHOODPHQWH ,OVLPERORqLOOLQJXDJJLRXPDQRSULPRUGLDOHXQ
OLQJXDJJLRFKHULJXDUGDOHVVHUHLQWHJUDOHGHOO
XRPRQRQVRORODVXDPHQWHH
UD]LRQDOLWj ,Q TXHVWRVHQVRLOVLPERORGHYHHVVHUHYLVVXWRSRLFKqULFKLHGH
LQWXL]LRQHHSDUWHFLSD]LRQHYLYDHDWWLYDDOODYLWD3HUWDOHPRWLYRLOVLPEROR
QRQKDELVRJQRGLDOFXQDVSLHJD]LRQHODTXDOHORWUDVIRUPHUHEEHLQVHJQRLQ
FRQFHWWR3HQVLDPRGLQXRYRDOODILQHVWUDGDFXLJXDUGLDPRLOPRQGRHVVDq
XQVLPERORQRQKDELVRJQRGLHVVHUHSHQVDWDRWUDVIRUPDWDLQXQFRQFHWWR
SHUSHUPHWWHUFLGLJXDUGDUHLOPRQGR&RPHVLPERORHVVDXQLVFHLOVRJJHWWR
VLPEROHJJLDQWH O
HJR H O
RJJHWWR VLPEROHJJLDWR LO PRQGR 7XWWL H WUH JOL
HOHPHQWLVLPERORVLPEROHJJLDQWHHVLPEROHJJLDWRVRQRXQLWLPDGLVWLQWL
DOO
LQWHUQR GL XQ XQLWj UHOD]LRQDOH ROLVWLFD 4XHVWD GLIIHUHQ]D VLPEROLFD
PDL FRPSLXWD WUD LO VRJJHWWR H O
RJJHWWR WUD PH VWHVVR H LO PRQGR  FKH
FRQVLVWHQHOGLIIHULUHFRQWLQXRGLRJQLVLJQLILFDWRFRQFHWWXDOHGHOVRJJHWWR
LOTXDOHQRQDUULYDPDLDGHVDXULUHLOVHQVRGHOODUHDOWjVLJQLILFDWDO
RJJHWWR
 FRQIHULVFH DO VLPEROR SRUWDWD SROLVHPLFD GLYHQWDQGR LO SUHVXSSRVWR GL
RJQLLQWHUSHOOD]LRQHHUPHQHXWLFD&LzVLJQLILFDFKHODUHDOWjLQFXLYLYLDPRq


F.X.DSa, How trinitarian is Panikkars Trinity? in Cirpit Review 3-Supplement- G.Mason

Univ.Proceedings 2012, 33/HWVWKLQNIRULQVWDQFHRIWKHUDLQERZDQGRILWVVHYHQFRORUV
6HYHQLVFRQYHQWLRQDO$FWXDOO\WKHFRORUVGRQRWKDYHFOHDUERXQGDULHVWKH\VHHPWRGLV
VROYHLQWRRQHDQRWKHULQGLVWLQFWO\EXWDWWKHVDPHWLPHUHPDLQLQJGLIIHUHQWJLYLQJXVWKH
LGHDRIDFRQWLQXXPRIDZKROH:HLQWXLWLYHO\SHUFHLYHLWDVDUDLQERZDVDQLQWHUUHODWHG
ZKROH

Maria Roberta Cappellini



SLHVWHVDGHOSHQVLHURFKHJHQHUDFRQWHQHQGRTXDOFRVDGLLQHIIDELOHLQGL
FLELOH XQRPEUD GL FXL SRVVLDPR HVVHUH FRQVDSHYROL VROR QHO VLOHQ]LR /D
GLPHQVLRQHGHOVLOHQ]LRSXzHVSDQGHUHODQRVWUDFRQVDSHYROH]]DGHOODUHDOWj
FKHSHUWDOHPRWLYRGLYLHQHVLPEROLFDHFRPHWDOHSROLYDOHQWHHSROLVHPL
FD


5HLQWURGXFHQGRODGLPHQVLRQHGHOVLOHQ]LRHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DODGLIIH
UHQ]DVLPEROLFD3DQLNNDUFLDYYLFLQDDXQDGLYHUVDFRPSUHQVLRQHGHOODUHDO
WjGLWLSRDGXDOH$GYDLWDSHUXVDUHLOWHUPLQHYHGDQWLFRLOTXDOHVLJQLIL
FDFKHHVVDQRQqQpXQRPRQLVWLFDQpGXHGXDOLVWLFDHVVHQGRXQXQLWj
UHOD]LRQDOH GL FRPXQLRQH ROLVWLFD H QRQ GL IXVLRQH 6HFRQGR O DGXDOLWj
O
XOWLPR HOHPHQWR GHOOD UHDOWj QRQ SXz HVVHUH UDJJLXQWR GDOOD UDJLRQH LQ
WDOVHQVRqQHJDWDO
LGHQWLILFD]LRQHPRQLVWLFDWUDLOSHQVLHURHO(VVHUHQRQ
SHUFKpLOSHQVLHURVLDGHEROHFRPHHJOLDIIHUPDPDSHUFKpODUHDOWjHVVHQ
GRVLPEROLFDORVXSHUD 


2JJLQRQVLDPRSLDELWXDWLDLVLPEROLHDLPLWLLOQRVWURDSSURFFLRDO
ODUHDOWjqGLYHQXWRHVFOXVLYDPHQWHRJJHWWLYRUD]LRQDOHHTXLQGLVHSDUDWLYR
$EELDPR SHUVR OD FDSDFLWj GL JXDUGDUH ROLVWLFDPHQWH DWWUDYHUVR O
RFFKLR
GHOFXRUHDWWUDYHUVRO
LQWXL]LRQHVLPEROLFDFKHSHUPHWWHODFRQVDSHYROH]]D
GL FLz FKH q FRQFHWWXDOPHQWH LQDIIHUUDELOH ( QHFHVVDULR UHFXSHUDUH OD GL
PHQVLRQH PLWLFRSRHWLFD PLVWLFRDUWLVWLFD GHOOD UHDOWj HVVHQGR XQD SDUWH
LPSRUWDQWHGHOODGLPHQVLRQHXPDQDSHUDFTXLVLUHXQ
DOWUDYLVLRQHGHOODYLWD
XQDOWURVJXDUGRVXOPRQGRSLVHQVLELOHHSURIRQGR
*OLDUWLVWLDYROWHSRVVRQRWRFFDUHODUHDOWjSLSURIRQGDPHQWHGHLFUHDWRULGL
LGHHSXUHDQFKHVHSODWRQLFKH,OYLVRQRQVLODVFLDHVSULPHUHGDXQFRQFHWWR
3HUFHSLUHXQYLVRqQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXQSHQVLHURVLPEROLFRFKHqSLGLXQD
FRQRVFHQ]DFRQFHWWXDOH 

Il Ruolo dellArte
/HGXHFRQGL]LRQLHVVHQ]LDOLGHOGLDORJRGLDORJLFRGL3DQLNNDUVHFRQ
GRODSUHVHQWHLQWHUSUHWD]LRQHODSSURFFLRHPSDWLFRHLOOLQJXDJJLRVLPEROL
FR VRQR SUHVHQWL QHOO$UWH / $UWH UDSSUHVHQWD O
HVSUHVVLRQH SULPRUGLDOH


53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKP
,YL



$WWL3URFHHGLQJV&,53,7&,65(&2



GHOO
XRPR/$UWHXWLOL]]DLOOLQJXDJJLRGHLVLPEROLQRQGHLFRQFHWWL0LUL
IHULVFR LQ SDUWLFRODUH DOOD GLPHQVLRQH HGXFDWLYD H IRUPDWLYD GHOO
DUWH H
GHOO
HVWHWLFDDOODORURSRWHQ]DGLFRQVDSHYROH]]DLQJUDGR FLRqGLDSULUHOH
PROWHSOLFL IDFROWj VHQVRULDOL HPR]LRQDOL SVLFRORJLFKH LQWHOOHWWXDOL H VSLUL
WXDOLGHOO
XRPR/
DUWHqTXLLQWHVDLQVHQVRODWRDOGLOjGLRJQLHVFOXVLYL
VPRHXURFHQWULVPRRHVRWLVPRQHOODULFFKH]]DGHOOHVXHPROWHSOLFLIRUPH
HGHVSUHVVLRQL(VVDQRQVLULIHULVFHVRORDGXQD(VWHWLFDSULPDULDXQDVRUWD
GLSHGDJRJLDGLEDVHGHOOHVHQVD]LRQLHGHPR]LRQLFKHFROOHJDROLVWLFDPHQWH
LOPRQGRLQWHULRUHGHOO
XRPRDOO
DPELHQWHFLUFRVWDQWHPDUDSSUHVHQWDXQ
DXWHQWLFD GLUHWWD HVSUHVVLRQH VSRQWDQHD GHOOD FRQRVFHQ]D GL Vp TXDQGR
WRFFDOHUDGLFLXPDQHSURIRQGHFKHHYRFDQRODQRVWUDRULJLQHLOQRVWUR(VVH
UHIRQGDPHQWDOHSULPDGLRJQLSURFHVVRVRYUDVWUXWWXUDOHGLUD]LRQDOL]]D]LR
QH&RPHDIIHUPDYD7ROVWR\


/D YHUD DUWH q FRQWDJLRVD SHUFKp SXz WUDVIRUPDUH XQ VHQWLPHQWR LQ XQD FR
PXQLRQHVSLULWXDOHWUDO
DUWLVWDHFRORURFKHFRQWHPSODQRODVWHVVDRSHUDG
DUWH
DOGLOjGHOSHQVLHURHGHOOHSDUROH 


&
q XQD HYLGHQWH DOOXVLRQH GHOO
DXWRUH DOOD IRU]D LPSOLFLWD QHOOH RSHUH
G
DUWHFKHIDYRULVFHODFRPSUHQVLRQHGLGLYHUVLPRGLHYLVLRQLGHOODYLWDDW
WUDYHUVR L VHQWLPHQWL HPSDWLFL PD VHPSOLFHPHQWH DWWUDYHUVR LO ORUR SRWHUH
UDSSUHVHQWDWLYRVLPEROLFRHLPPHGLDWRDOGLOjGHOOHHVSUHVVLRQLHVFOXVLYD
PHQWHUD]LRQDOLRYHUEDOL,QTXHVWRVHQVRRJQLRSHUDG
DUWHqXQGLDORJRSR
WHQ]LDOHLQVp'LFRQVHJXHQ]DLYDULOLQJXDJJLDUWLVWLFLGLGLYHUVHWUDGL]LRQL
FLSRVVRQRRIIULUHO
RFFDVLRQHGLRS]LRQLFRPXQLFDWLYHDOO
LQWHUQRGHOGLDORJR
LQWUDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHWUDLSRSROLVHFRQGRVSHFLILFKHSRWHQ]LDOLWjVLPEROLFR
LQWXLWLYHHFUHDWLYH


6RWWR TXHVWRWWLFD O
DUWH SXz UDSSUHVHQWDUH O
HFFHOOHQ]D UDG$5 GL
XQ GLDORJR GLDORJLFR UHDOL]]DQGR O
LQHYLWDELOH
 FRQWDPLQD]LRQH
R LQWHU
IHFRQGD]LRQHQRQRVWDQWHRDOGLOjGHOOHUHFLSURFKHLQFRPSDWLELOLWjGHLSR
SROL GLYHQHQGR RFFDVLRQH XPDQDPHQWH FRLQYROJHQWH GL SRVVLELOH DUULFFKL
PHQWR H WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D  / HOHPHQWR FRQWDPLQDQWH 7RO
VWRMRWUDQVHVWHWLFR:HOVFKFKHqFRVWLWXWLYRGHOO
DUWHLQVHQVRODWRUDS
SUHVHQWDXQIDWWRUHLPSRUWDQWHFKHPRVWUDHUHQGHHYLGHQWHFRPHRJQLFXOWX


/7ROVWR\&KHFRVqODUWH)HOWULQHOOL

Maria Roberta Cappellini



UDVLDLOSURGRWWRGLXQDUHWHLQILQLWDGLVFDPELSRLFKpVRJJHWWDDGXQFDUDW
WHUHGLIOXVVRLQFRQWLQXDWUDVIRUPD]LRQHXQFURVVRYHUFXOWXUDOHFKHFRQGL
YLGHXQPL[LQJFUHDWLYRUDSSUHVHQWDWLYRGHOODYLWDDOVXROLYHOORSLSURIRQ
GRFRPHVSHVVRWHVWLPRQLDQRDQFKHOHYLWHGLPROWLDUWLVWL


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniversit Roma Tre 2012



Tutta la Realt relazione.

La prospettiva cosmoteandrica/teantropocosmica e la Trinit
radicale in Raimon Panikkar
9LFWRULQR3pUH]3ULHWR
8QLYHUVLWjGL6DQWLDJRGH&RPSRVWHOD



/DUHDOLGDGHVODUHGODUHDOLGDGHVUHODFLyQ(QWRGR
VHUHVWiQGHDOJXQDPDQHUDUHIOHMDGRVLQFOXLGRV\UHSUHVHQWD
GRVORVGHPiVVHUHV7RGRQXGRUHIOHMDHQFLHUWDPDQHUDORV
GHPiVQXGRV(VHOYYYGH$QD[iJRUDVHO
SUDWvW\DVDPXWSkGDGHEXGGKLVPRODSHULFK{UrVLVGHOFULVWLD
QLVPRKDVWDODPRUIRJHQpWLFDFLHQWtILFDPRGHUQDORVFDPSRV
PDJQpWLFRVODKLSyWHVLV*DLD 
/DUHDOLGDGHVFRVPRWHiQGULFD1RKD\WUHVUHDOLGDGHV
'LRVHO+RPEUH\HO0XQGRSHURWDPSRFRKD\XQDR'LRVX
+RPEUHR0XQGR'LRV+RPEUH\0XQGRHVWiQHQXQDtQWLPD
\FRQVWLWXWLYDFRODERUDFLyQSDUDFRQVWUXLUOD5HDOLGDG'LRV
+RPEUH\0XQGRHVWiQFRPSURPHWLGRVHQXQD~QLFDDYHQWXUD\
HVWHFRPSURPLVRFRQVWLWX\HODYHUGDGHUD5HDOLGDG 

Abstract
,QTXHVWREUHYHDUWLFRORYLHQHHVSUHVVREUHYHPHQWHLOQXFOHRGHOSHQVLHURGL5DLPRQ3D
QLNNDU OD SURVSHWWLYD WHDQWURSRFRVPLFD H OD 7ULQLWj UDGLFDOH 'LRXRPRFRVPR FRVWLWXL
VFRQRXQD5HDOWjXQLFDVHFRQGRDGXDOLWj6LFRQVLGHUDLQROWUHFKHLQTXHVWDYLVLRQHGHOOD
UHDOWjLOSHQVDWRUHSRQWHWUD2FFLGHQWHH2ULHQWHqIHGHOHDXQDFRQFH]LRQHWLSLFDPHQWH
RULHQWDOHHVSUHVVDQHOFRQFHWWRKLQGXGLDGYDLWDDGXDOLWjGHOODUHDOWjHLOSULQFLSLRUWD
SULQFLSLRGLDUPRQLDGLWXWWLJOLHVVHUL0DFXULRVDPHQWHqDQFKHIHGHOHDOODVFLHQ]DRF
FLGHQWDOHSLDYDQ]DWDODILVLFDTXDQWLVWLFD&LzVLJQLILFDFKHLQWDOHYLVLRQHODVWUXWWXUD
XOWLPDGHOODUHDOWjqFKHQRQYLqDOFXQDVWUXWWXUDPDLQWHUUHOD]LRQLFKHODFRVWLWXLVFRQR
VHFRQGRXQDLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQHGLWXWWRFRQWXWWR

53DQLNNDU/DSOHQLWXGGHOKRPEUH(G6LUXHOD0DGULG
53DQLNNDU/D7ULQLGDG(G6LUXHOD0DGULG



9LFWRULQR3pUH]3ULHWR

La prospettiva cosmo-te-andrica / te-antropo-cosmica

4XHVWH GXH IUDVL GL 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU ULDVVXPRQR LO  IRQGDPHQWR GHO
VXRSHQVLHUR/DIIHUPD]LRQHFKHWXWWDOD5HDOWjqUHOD]LRQHFKHqSXUD
UHOD]LRQDOLWjUDSSUHVHQWDODEDVHGHOODVXDILORVRILD3HUWDQWRFUHGRFKHHVVD
ULVSRQGDSLHQDPHQWHDOODGRPDQGDIRQGDPHQWDOHGLTXHVWR&ROORTXLXPFKH
ULJXDUGDOD JUDQGHHUHGLWjGL3DQLNNDU3HUFKLKDTXDOFKHFRQRVFHQ]DGHO
SHQVLHUR GHO ILORVRIR LQIDWWL OD SURVSHWWLYD FRVPRWHDQGULFD R PHJOLR
WHDQWURSRFRVPLFD H OD 7ULQLWj UDGLFDOH UDSSUHVHQWDQR LO QXFOHR GHO VXR
SHQVLHUR LO VXR DSSRUWR IRQGDPHQWDOH )HGHOH DG XQ FRQFHWWR WLSLFDPHQWH
RULHQWDOH PD  FKH OD VFLHQ]D SRL q DQGDWD VFRSUHQGR QHO VHFROR ;;
VRSUDWWXWWR OD ILVLFD TXDQWLVWLFD 3DQLNNDU JLXQVH DOOLGHD FKH OD VWUXWWXUD
XOWLPD GHOOD UHDOWj QRQ KD QHVVXQD VWUXWWXUD PD LQWHUUHOD]LRQL FKH
FRVWLWXLVFRQRTXHVWD5HDOWj ,OILORVRIRVWHVVRDIIHUPDYDODUHDOWjQRQKD
VWUXWWXUDTXHOORFKHVLKDqXQDLQWHUFRQHVVLRQHGLWXWWRFRQLOWXWWR 
&RQ TXHVWD YLVLRQH FL VL VLWXD LQ XQD QXRYD HUD VWRULFD GHOOD
FRQVDSHYROH]]DXPDQDFXLSHUDOWURKDPLUDWRLOSHQVLHURGHJOLXOWLPLDQQL
&RQWUR LO GRPLQLR GHO SHQVLHUR ORJLFR FKH ULYHQGLFDQGR O HVFOXVLYD GHOOD
VSLHJD]LRQH GHO PRQGR H GHOOXRPR KD IDOOLWR OD SURSULD GLWWDWXUD VWD
LQIDWWLQDVFHQGRODFRQVDSHYROH]]DLQWHJUDOH8QDFRQVDSHYROH]]DGLWRWDOLWj
H XQLWj QHOOD TXDOH O XRPR H LO FRVPR VL IRQGRQR SHUFKq JOL VWUDWL
GHOOXRPR IXQ]LRQDQR FRPH TXHOOR FKH LQ UHDOWj VRQR XQD FRVFLHQ]D
LQWHJUDWDHLQWHJUDOH6LWUDWWDGLXQDFRQRVFHQ]DGHOOD5HDOWjLQFXLWXWWRq
UHOD]LRQDWR FRQ WXWWR FRPH HVSULPH LO ULFFKLVVLPR FRQFHWWR EXGGKLVWD
SUDWvW\DVDPXWSkGDODLQWHUUHOD]LRQHLQWHUGLSHQGHQ]DGLWXWWDOD5HDOWjFKH
3DQLNNDU WUDGXFH FRQ OD VXD UHODWLYLWj UDGLFDOH FRQFH]LRQH FKH GHYH
DSSOLFDUVL DOOD QRVWUD UHOD]LRQH XPDQD DOOD UHOD]LRQH FRQ LO PRQGR DOOD
UHOD]LRQHGL'LRFRQTXHVWRPRQGRLQFOXVDODVWHVVDUHDOWjGLYLQD
3DQLNNDU FRQYHUWH TXHVWD UHODWLYLWj UDGLFDOH R UHFLSURFLWj WRWDOH GL
UHOD]LRQHLQTXDOFRVDGLFRVWLWXWLYRGLWXWWRLOUHDOH7XWWRqUHOD]LRQDWRFRQ
WXWWR $QFKH 'LR q SXUD UHOD]LRQH UHOD]LRQH JHQLWLYD FRVWLWXWLYD GHOOD
UHDOWj LO JHQLWLYR FRVWLWXWLYR H JHQHUDWLYR GL RJQL FRVD  4XHVWR
UDSSUHVHQWD LO IRQGDPHQWR GHOOD VXD FRQFH]LRQH GHOOD 7ULQLWj GLYLQD 'LR
QRQ KD XQ VH VWHVVR  SRVWR FKH VLD XQ LR XQ WX R XQ HJOL FKH VL


-3LJHP (O SHQVDPHQW GH 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU ,QWHUGHSqQGHQFLD SOXUDOLVPH

LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWDW%DUFHORQD

53DQLNNDU(StOHJ'LjOHJDGLYHUVHVYHXVLQ,%RDGDHG/DILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDO
GH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU%DUFHORQD

,ELG

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniversit Roma Tre 2012



LQWHUVFDPELDQR QHOOD SHULFK{UrVLV WULQLWDULD,ELG  H GL XQD HVSUHVVLRQH

DUPRQLFDHXQLWDULDGLWXWWDOD5HDOWjFKHqODSURVSHWWLYDFRVPRWHDQGULFD
/DSURVSHWWLYDWHDQWURSRFRVPLFDqSHUWDQWRODVWUXWWXUDGHOOD5HDOWj
ODFRQRVFHQ]DLQGLYLVDGHOODWRWDOLWjSHUPHJOLRGLUH1RQSRVVLDPRYLYHUH
SHUPROWRWHPSRLQFRPSDUWLPHQWLVWDJQLLQLVRODPHQWLFKHDEEDQGRQDQRLO
ORUR VSOHQGRUH SHU FRQYHUWLUVL LQ PLVHUDELOL VL WUDWWD GL FHUFDUH OD
LQWHUFRQQHVVLRQHGLWXWWRFRQWXWWRFRPHVRWWROLQHDQRWXWWLLPLVWLFL 
&q XQD IUDVH GL -HV GL 1D]DUHW PROWR FDUD D 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU FKH
SRQHILQHDOODDIIHUPD]LRQHJLRYDQQHDGHODPROWLSOLFD]LRQH&ROOLJLWHTXDH
VXSHUDYHUXQW IUDJPHQWD QH SHUHDQW*Y    TXHVWD IUDVH ULDVVXPH LO
IRQGDPHQWR GHO VXR SHQVLHUR OD QHFHVVLWj GL LQWHJUD]LRQH GHOOLQVLHPH GL
WXWWD OD UHDOWj LQ WXWWH OH VXH GLPHQVLRQL UDFFRJOLHUH L IUDPPHQWL VSDUVL
DQFKHLSLSLFFROLVHEEHQHSRVVDQRHVVHUHPLJOLDLDSHUULFRVWUXLUHLOWXWWR
DUPRQLFRGDOTXDOHVLVRQRVWDFFDWL
1XOOD VL GLVSUH]]L QXOOD VL ODVFL GD SDUWH 7XWWR q LQWHJUDWR LQJOREDWR
3HQVDUHWXWWLLIUDPPHQWLGHOQRVWURPRQGRDWWXDOHSHUULXQLUOLLQXQLQVLHPH
QRQPRQROLWLFRPDDUPRQLFR 

3HU3DQLNNDUIDUHILORVRILDqFRJLWDUHHFROOLJHUHSHQVDUHHVFHJOLHUH
ULXQLUH WXWWL L IUDPPHQWL LQ XQD DXWHQWLFD FRPSUHQVLRQH GHO WXWWR QRQ
IHUPDUVLDJOLDVSHWWLSDU]LDOL
&RQWUR LO ULGX]LRQLVPR  SHFFDWR ILORVRILFR DELWXDOH FRPH GLFH
3DQLNNDU  LO VXR SHQVLHUR PDQWLHQH FRPH SULQFLSDOH FDUDWWHULVWLFD TXHVWD
RVVHVVLRQHSHULOWXWWRSHUXQDDUPRQLDWUDOHGLYHUVHUHDOWjSDUWLFRODULHOH
GLVWLQWHFRQFH]LRQLFXOWXUDOLGHOORFFLGHQWHPRGHUQRHGHOORULHQWH6LWUDWWD
GL XQ DSSURFFLR DG XQD DXWHQWLFD YLVLRQH GHO WXWWR /D PLD JUDQGH
DVSLUD]LRQHHUDHGqFRQWHQHUHRPHJOLRDUULYDUHDHVVHUHODUHDOWjLQWXWWD
OD VXD SLHQH]]D 1RQ VL WUDWWD  GL XQD SDUWH VSHFLILFD GL SDU]LDOLWj 6L
WUDWWDGHOWXWWR /DSURVSHWWLYDFRVPRWHDQGULFDLQYLWDDYLYHUHLQPRGRGD
HVVHUH DSHUWL DOOD WULSOD GLPHQVLRQH GHOOD UHDOWj DJOL DOWUL DO PRQGR H D


53DQLNNDU0tVWLFDFRPSDUDGD"LQ99$$/DPtVWLFDHQHOVLJOR;;,0DGULG


5 3DQLNNDU &ROOLJLWH )UDJPHQWD )RU DQ ,QWHJUDWLRQ RI 5HDOLW\ LQ ) $ (LJR HG
)URP$OLHQDWLRQWR$W2QHQHVV7KH9LOODQRYD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

5 3DQLNNDU /D LQWXLFLyQ FRVPRWHiQGULFD /DV WUHV GLPHQVLRQHV GH OD UHDOLGDG 0DGULG
  7KH &RVPRWKHDQGULF ([SHULHQFH (PHUJLQJ 5HOLJLRXV &RQVFLRXVQHVV 1HZ
<RUN

5 3DQLNNDU 3URORJR GL (O VLOHQFLR GHO %XGGKD 8QD LQWURGXFFLyQ DO DWHLVPR UHOLJLRVR
0DGULG7KHVLOHQFHRI*RG7KH$QVZHURIWKH%XGGKD1HZ<RUN



9LFWRULQR3pUH]3ULHWR

'LRSHUUDJJLXQJHUHODFRPXQLRQHDUPRQLFDFRQLOWXWWRODULFRQFLOLD]LRQH
FRVPRWHDQGULFD
4XHOORFKHFRQWDqODUHDOWjLQWHUDODPDWHULDWDQWRFRPHORVSLULWRLOEHQH
WDQWRFRPHLOPDOHODVFLHQ]DWDQWRFRPHLOPLVWLFLVPRODQLPDWDQWRFRPH
LOFRUSR 

/DPHWDIRUDGHOODGLPHQVLRQHFRVPRWHDQGULFDYXROHVXSHUDUH
ODWHQWD]LRQHPRQLVWDGLFRVWUXLUHXQXQLYHUVRPRGDOLVWLFRLSHUVHPSOLILFDWRLQ
FXL WXWWH OH FRVH QRQ VRQR FKH YDULD]LRQL H PRGL GL XQD VRVWDQ]D >H@ OD
WHQWD]LRQHGXDOLVWDGLVWDELOLUHGXHRSLHOHPHQWLLQFRPXQLFDELOL 

6L WUDWWD GL XQD HVSHULHQ]D SL PLVWLFD H LQHIIDELOH FKH ILORVRILFD QHO
VHQVRWUDGL]LRQDOHPDUDSSUHVHQWDXQDDXWHQWLFDILORVRILDFRPHVDSLHQ]D
1RQFLVRQRWUHUHDOWj'LROXRPRHLO0RQGRPDQRQFHQqQHPPHQRXQD
R 'LR R 8RPR R 0RQGR /D UHDOWj q FRVPRWHDQGULFD (LO QRVWUR PRGR GL
JXDUGDUHFKHIDVuFKHHVVDFLDSSDLDDYROWHVRWWRXQDVSHWWRHDYROWHVRWWRXQ
DOWUR 'LR 8RPR H 0RQGR VRQR SHU FRVu GLUH LQ XQD tQWLPD H FRVWLWXWLYD
FRRSHUD]LRQH  SHU FRVWUXLUH OD 5HDOWj SHU IDUH DYDQ]DUH OD VWRULD SHU FRQWL
QXDUHODFUHD]LRQHVRQRFRPSURPHVVLLQXQXQLFDDYYHQWXUD 

,QXQDGHOOHVXHXOWLPHSXEEOLFD]LRQLIUXWWRGHOGLDORJRFRQLOILVLFRTXDQWL
VWLFR+DQV3HWHU'UUVFULYH3DQLNNDU
9RUUHL DGHVVR FDUDWWHUL]]DUH LO SULQFLSLR FRVPRWHDQGULFR FRQ XQ PLQLPR GL
FRQJHWWXUHILORVRILFKH(WDOH PLQLPRqLO IDWWRFKODUHDOWj GLPRVWUDXQDGL
PHQVLRQHWULQDIRUPDWDGDXQHOHPHQWRHPSLULFRRILVLFRXQIDWWRUHQRHWLFR
R SVLFKLFR H XQD SDUWH FRVWLWXWLYD PHWDItVLFD R VSLULWXDOH &RQ LO SULPR
FRPSUHQGRLOFRPSOHVVRPDWHULDHQHUJLDFRQLOVHFRQGRODULIOHVVLRQHVXLJH
QHULVVXOSULPRHVXOVHVWHVVRHFRQLOWHU]ROLQHVDXULELOLWjLQHUHQWHGLWXWWH
OH FRVH LO FRVPLFR OXPDQR H LO GLYLQR 4XHVWD FRUUHQWH WULSDUWLWD SHUYDGH
OLQWHURiPELWRGHOOHQWH 

4XHVWD SURVSHWWLYD FRVPRWHDQGULFD VLJQLILFD LQILQH ODUPRQLD

LQYLVLELOHGLWXWWDOD5HDOWj/DVWHVVDFKHGHYHHVLVWHUHLQRJQLHVVHUHXPDQR
LQ UDSSRUWR DJOL DOWUL WUD WXWWH OH UHOLJLRQL H WUD WXWWH OH FXOWXUH WUD OHVVHUH
XPDQR H OD QDWXUD FKH HJOL DELWD H GHOOD TXDOH ID SDUWH 8QD DUPRQLD
LQYLVLELOH FKH VL RSSRQH WDQWR D XQ GXDOLVPR FKH RSSRQH JOL XQL FRQWUR JOL
DOWULFRPHDGXQPRQLVPRXQHFXPHQLVPRHJXDOL]]DWRUHFKHXFFLGHUHEEHOD


5 3DQLNNDU /D LQWXLFLyQ FRVPRWHiQGULFD7KH &RVPRWKHDQGULF ,QWXLWLRQ DUW

UDFFROWRLQ/DQXHYDLQRFHQFLD(VWHOOD

,ELG

/D7ULQLGDG(G6LUXHOD0DGULG

5 3DQLNNDU+DQV 3HWHU 'UU /DPRUH IRQWH RULJLQDULD GHOOXQLYHUVR /D SDUROD 5RPD


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniversit Roma Tre 2012



ULFFKH]]DGHOODGLIIHUHQ]D  'REELDPRDSULUFLDJOLDOWULHFUHGHUHFRQILGDUH

QHOOD HVSHULHQ]D XPDQD GL LQVLHPH QHOOD DUPRQLD GHJOL HVVHUL XPDQL H GHO
FRVPRSHUFKqODUHOLJLRQHqODVLQIRQLDQRQLOVHPSOLFHPXVLFLVWD
4XHVWD SURVSHWWLYD FRQGXFH DQFKH DG XQD HFRVRILD XQD FRQRVFHQ]D
VSLULWXDOHGHOODWHUUDSLFKHXQDVHPSOLFHHFRORJLDVFLHQ]DGHOODWHUUD
8QDFRQRVFHQ]DFKHUDSSUHVHQWDXQQXRYRHTXLOLEULRQRQVRORWUDOXRPR
H OD WHUUD PD DQFKH WUD PDWHULD H VSLULWR WUD VSD]LRWHPSRUDOLWj H
FRVFLHQ]D

La Trinit radicale, ladvaita HLOSULQFLSLRWD
/DWULQLWjUDGLFDOHFRUULVSRQGHDOOLQWXL]LRQHFRVPRWHDQGULFD4XHVWD
LGHD WULQLWDULD q SUHVHQWH LQ 3DQLNNDU QRQ VROR QHOOD VXD FRQFH]LRQH GHOOD
UHDOWjPD DQFKHQHOODVXDVWHVVDPHWRGRORJLD&RPHKDSXQWXDOL]]DWR6FRWW
(DVWKDPLWUHPRQGLRQQLSUHVHQWLLQ3DQLNNDUQRQVRQRDYXOVLGDOODVXD
IRUPD]LRQH UHODWLYD DOOH WUH GLVFLSOLQH GHOOD VFLHQ]D GHOOD ILORVRILD H GHOOD
WHRORJLDiQWKU{SRVWKHyVNyVPRVHVVHUHXPDQR'LRPRQGRFRUULVSRQGRQR
D XPDQLWjUHOLJLRQHVFLHQ]D QRXPHQRQP\VWHULRQSKDLQWRPHQRQ OyJRV
SQHPDPWKRV HWF &RVt DQFKH DVVXPHQGR OD SURVSHWWLYD GHO 'LR
FULVWLDQR SHU 3DQLNNDU OD 7ULQLWj QRQ q XQD UHDOWj HVFOXVLYD GHO
FULVWLDQHVLPRPDXQHVSHULHQ]DXPDQDSULPRUGLDOHFKHVFRSUHLQIRQGR
XQD FRQIOXHQ]D VRUSUHQGHQWH WUD LO PRQGR WUDGL]LRQDOH GHOOH UHOLJLRQL H
TXHOORVHFRODUHGHOODPRGHUQLWj 
,QFRQWULDPR OLGHD GHOOD 7ULQLWj FRQWUR LO UHJLPH PRQDUFKLFR
LPSHULDOLVWD QHO OLEUR GL -UJHQ 0ROWPDQQ 7ULQLGDG \ 5HLQR GH 'LRV
6DODPDQFDHLQTXHOORGL/HRQDUGR%RII/D7ULQLGDGODVRFLHGDG\
OD OLEHUDFLyQ 0DGULG  (QWUDPEL VRQR GHELWRUL DG XQ QRWR SLFFROR
VDJJLRFKHKDUHVRIDPRVRLOVXRDXWRUH(ULF3HWHUVRQ,OPRQRWHLVPRFRPH
SUREOHPDSROLWLFR 1HOORVWHVVRPRGR3DQLNNDUFRQVLGHUDFKHORVFDQGDOR
WULQLWDULR FKH FRVWy OD YLWD D *HV GL 1D]DUHW JLXQVH D VIXPDUVL FRQ LO
WHPSRSHUFKqXQPRQRWHLVPRVWUHWWRqPROWRSLFRQJUXHQWHFRQLOUHJLPH


5 3DQLNNDU ,QYLVLEOH +DUPRQ\ (VVD\V RQ &RQWHPSODWLRQ 5HVSRQVLELOLW\ HG E\ +DUU\
-DPHV&DUJDV0LQQHDSROLV

&I6(DVWKDP8QDYLVLWDJXLDGDSHOVWUHVPRQVGH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDULQ,JQDVL%RDGD
/DILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOGH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU\

/D7ULQLGDG

0RQRWKHLVPXVDOVSROLWLVFKHV3UREOHPFKHDSSDUYHODSULPDYROWDQHOWUDGX]LRQH
VSDJQROD0DGULG



9LFWRULQR3pUH]3ULHWR

PRQDUFKLFRLPSHULDOLVWD GHOOD &ULVWLDQLWj  3HUFLz OD VILGD GHO

&ULVWLDQHVLPRFRQWHPSRUDQHRLOVXRNDLUyVQHOWHU]RPLOOHQQLRFRQVLVWHQHO
UHFXSHUDUHODVXDGLPHQVLRQHWULQLWDULDVXSHUDQGRLOPRQRWHLVPRDEUDPLFR
VHQ]DQHJDUORPDDSUHQGRLOSDVVDJJLRDOPRQRWHLVPRWULQLWDULR'LRQHOOD
VXDRULJLQDOLWjFULVWLDQD3DGUH)LJOLR6SLULWR
3DQLNNDU SRQH LQ GLVFXVVLRQH DQFKH XQ 'LR PRQRWHLVWD SHUFKq QRQ
ODVFHUHEEH VSD]LR RQWRORJLFR DOOD FUHD]LRQH FRVu FRPH XQ SDQWHLVPR FKH
FXOPLQHUHEEH QHOOR VWHVVR PRGR 3RVVLDPR DIIHUPDUH FKH WXWWR q GLYLQR
PDGREELDPRDJJLXQJHUHFKHLOGLYLQRQRQVLLGHQWLILFKLLQQHVVXQWXWWR 
6LWUDWWDTXLGHOODFRQFH]LRQHGL'LRFRPHSXUDUHOD]LRQHFRQWURTXHOODGL
'LR FRPH HVVHUH $VVROXWRVRVWDQ]DLQYDULDELOHHLQGLSHQGHQWHGHOPRQGR
UDSSUHVHQWDWR GDO YHFFKLR PRQRWHLVPR H GD XQD SDUWH GHOOH UHOLJLRQL 3HU
TXHVWR 3DQLNNDU SDUOD GL XQD 7ULQLWj UDGLFDOH FKH LQWHJUL LQ PDQLHUD D
GXDOLVWDWXWWDOD5HDOWjLOGLYLQROXPDQRHLOFRVPLFRULXQHQGRLQWDOVHQVR
GXDOLVPRHPRQLVPRSDQWHLVWD
4XDQGRVLqVSHULPHQWDWRFKH'LRqLQWXWWRFKHWXWWRqLQ'LRHFKHWXWWDYLD
'LR QRQ q QXOOD GL TXHOOR FKH q DOORUD TXHVWD ULFHUFD GHOOD UHDOL]]D]LRQH
ODXWHQWLFDHVSHULHQ]DDGYDLWDqLQYLDGLFRPSLPHQWR

( WXWWD OD 5HDOWj FKH KD XQD VWUXWWXUD WULQLWDULD WXWWR q LQWLPDPHQWH
UHOD]LRQDWR 1RQ VROR FL VRQR 'LR 3DGUH'LR )LJOLR'LR 6SLULWR 6DQWR
ODVSHWWR DG LQWUD GHOOD UHDOWj GLYLQD PD DQFKH 'LR8RPR&RVPR &LHOR
7HUUD8RPR &RVH&RQFHWWL3DUROH 3DGUH)LJOLR6SLULWR 6DQWR FKH
FRUULVSRQGHUHEEH D TXHOOR FKH OD WHRORJLD FULVWLDQD FKLDPD 7ULQLWj
LPPDQHQWHLQWHULRULWjGLYLQD'LR8RPR&RVPRFRUULVSRQGHUHEEHDTXHOOR
FKH VL FKLDPD 7ULQLWj HFRQRPLFD UHOD]LRQH GL 'LR FRQ LO PRQGR H FRQ
OHVVHUH XPDQR 7ULQLWj UDGLFDOH SHUWDQWR VLJQLILFD FKH OD 5HDOWj QRQ q Qq
XQDQqPROWHSOLFHTXDQWRSLXWWRVWRSRODULWjLQTXDQWRLQWHUDPHQWHFRVWLWXLWD
GDXQDUHOD]LRQHWULQLWDULD
4XHVWD FRQFH]LRQH GL 3DQLNNDU q LQ UHOD]LRQH SDUWLFRODUPHQWH GLUHWWD
FRQGXHFRQFHWWLLQGXLVWLIRQGDPHQWDOLODGYDLWDHLOSULQFLSLRWD
,OPHVVDJJLRFHQWUDOHGHOOH8SDQLVDGQRQqQqLOPRQLVPRQqLOGXDOLVPR
QqLOWHtVPRFKHLQDOFXQHGLHVVHVLHYLGHQ]DPDODGYDLWDLOFDUDWWHUHQRQ
GXDOH GHO 5HDOH O LPSRVVLELOLWj GL DJJLXQJHUH 'LR DO PRQGR R YLFHYHUVD



/D7ULQLGDG
,ELG

,ELG


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniversit Roma Tre 2012



/$VVROXWRQRQqVRORWUDVFHQGHQWHPDWUDVFHQGHQWHHLQPDQHQWHDOORVWHV
VRWHPSRWXWWRLQXQR 

&RPHVLVDODGYDLWDQRQGXHqODGRWWULQDKLQG~GHOODQRQGXDOLWj

GLWXWWLJOLHVVHULLQFOXVRLOPRQGRHORVWHVVR'LR3DQLNNDUSUHIHULVFHWUD
GXUUHODGYDLWDLQDGXDOLWj/DGYDLWDFKHQRQVLSXzFRQIRQGHUHFRQLO
PRQLVPRVHEEHQHFRVuDIIHUPLQRPROWLFRPPHQWDULVWLRFFLGHQWDOLSXzHV
VHUHFRQVLGHUDWRLOFXOPLQHGLWXWWHOHUHOLJLRQLHILORVRILHLQTXDQWRLQWURGX
FH DOD HVSHULHQ]D VXSUHPD GHOOD QRQVHSDUDELOLWj WUD 6HVWHVVR WPDQ H
'LR %UDKPDQ /DYHULWjSHUODGYDLWD q DUULYDUHDVFRSULUH FKH WPDQ q
%UDKPDQ YDOH D GLUH 7DW WYDP DVL7X VHL TXHOOR VHQ]D WUDODVFLDUH OH
GLIIHUHQ]H 'LR H LO PRQGR QRQ VRQR JLXVWDSSRVWL Qq OXQR DVVRUELWR
QHOODOWURPDLQUHOD]LRQHGLUHFLSURFLWjSHUFKqO$VVROXWRqWUDVFHQGHQWHH
LPPDQHQWH QHOOR VWHVVR WHPSR 'LR q XQ SROR GHOOD 5HDOWj FRVWLWXWLYR H
LQHIIDELOH WUDVFHQGHQWH PD LPPDQHQWH QHO PRQGR 'LR q UHOD]LRQH
FRQ WXWWR  ,Q TXHVWD FRQFH]LRQH QRQ Fq QXOOD FKH QRQ VLD VDFUR Qq Fq
QXOOD DVVROXWDPHQWH VDFUR VHSDUDWR WXWWR KD  GLPHQVLRQH VDFUD TXHVWR q
ODVSHWWRGLWXWWHOHFRVHSHUORVWHVVRPRWLYRFKHHVVHVRQRUHDOL
$GYDLWD VLUHOD]LRQDGLUHWWDPHQWHFRQXQDOWUR FRQFHWWRIRQGDPHQWDOH
GHOO KLQGXLVPR LO SULQFLSLR WD R SULQFLSLR GL DUPRQLD GL WXWWL JOL HVVHUL
1HVVXQHVVHUHVLLGHQWLILFDFRQXQDOWURQHOORVWHVVRWHPSRQHVVXQRUHVWDVH
SDUDWRGDJOLDOWULqLOSULQFLSLRFKHGLVFLSOLQDORUGLQHFRVPLFRHVDFUR
,FRQFHWWLGHOODGYDLWDHLOSULQFLSLRWDVRQRIRQGDPHQWDOLQHOODHOD
ERUD]LRQH GHO SHQVLHUR FRVPRWHDQGULFR SDQLNNDULDQR LQ FRQVRQDQ]D FRQ LO
VXRFRQFHWWRGLRQWRQRPLDHLQDSSOLFD]LRQHDOODGLQDPLFDWULQLWDULD&RPH
KDVFULWWRJLXVWDPHQWH)UDQFLV;'6D$GYDLWDHRQWRQRPLDVRQROHGXH
IDFFHGLXQDVWHVVDPRQHWD 
1q GXDOLVPR Qq PRQLVPR Qq SDQWHtVPR OD 5HDOWj q DGXDOLVWD HG q
FRVWLWXLWDGDXQDWULQLWjUDGLFDOHWHDQWURSRFRVPLFD5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUFLKD
DLXWDWRDFRPSUHQGHUHFKHORVWHVVRHYHQWRFULVWLDQRQRQSXzLQWHQGHUVLFR
PHGXDOLVWDQqFRPHPRQLVWDPDVRODPHQWHFRPHWULQLWDULRDGYDLWDXQ'LR
FRPH5HOD]LRQHVHFRQGRXQDYLVLRQHSROLIRQLFDGHOOD'LYLQLWj



/D7ULQLGDG
5 3DQLNNDU ,FRQRV GHO PLVWHULR /D H[SHULHQFLD GH 'LRV %DUFHORQD   7KH
([SHULHQFHRI*RG,FRQVRIWKH0\VWHU\0LQQHDSROLV

)UDQFLV ; '6D 'HU WULQLWDULVFKH $QVDW] YRQ 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU % 1LWVFKH +J 
*RWWHVGHQNHQ LQ LQWHUUHOLJL|VHU 3HUVSHNWLYH 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDUV 7ULQLWlWVWKHRORJLH LQ GHU
'LVNXVVLRQ)UDQNIXUW03DGHUERUQ


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



Filosofia interculturale Problemi e Prospettive 1

)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU
8QLYHUVLWjGL9LHQQD


Abstract

7KLV DUWLFOH DLPV WR GHVFULEH VRPH EDVLF TXHVWLRQV DQG FKDOOHQJHV RI WKH SURMHFW RI DQ
LQWHUFXOWXUDOO\ RULHQWDWHG SKLORVRSK\ )LUVWO\ WKH FKDOOHQJHV RI KLVWRULRJUDSK\ RI
SKLORVRSK\ LQ D JOREDO SHUVSHFWLYH LV GLVFXVVHG ZKLFK LV QRW UHVWULFWHG WR FRPSDULVRQV
)XUWKHU WKHUH DUH TXHVWLRQV RI D WKHRU\ RI FXOWXUH SDUWLFXODUO\ ZLWK UHJDUG WR WKH
GLOHPPDWLF VLWXDWLRQ RI SKLORVRSK\ EHWZHHQ FXOWXUDO FRQGLWLRQDOLW\ DQG LQWHQGHG
XQLYHUVDOLW\&RQFHSWVRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIFHQWULVPDQGSRO\ORJLFLQWHUDFWLRQDUHGLVFXVVHG
LQ YLHZ RI H[WUDSKLORVRSKLFDOO\ FRQGLWLRQHG LQHTXDOLWLHV RI SKLORVRSKLFDO GLVFRXUVHV RQD
JOREDOVFDOH

Zusammenfassung
=LHOGLHVHV%HLWUDJVLVWHVHLQLJH*UXQGIUDJHQXQG+HUDXVIRUGHUXQJHQGHV3URMHNWVHLQHU
LQWHUNXOWXUHOO RULHQWLHUWHQ 3KLORVRSKLH ]X EHVFKUHLEHQ 'LHV EHWULIIW ]XQlFKVW GLH
+LVWRULRJUDSKLHGHU3KLORVRSKLHLQHLQHUJOREDOHQXQGQLFKWQXUNRPSDUDWLYHQ3HUVSHNWLYH
)HUQHU ZHUGHQ )UDJHQ HLQHU .XOWXUWKHRULH DQJHVSURFKHQ LQVEHVRQGHUH GDV 'LOHPPD GHU
3KLORVRSKLH ]ZLVFKHQ NXOWXUHOOHU %HGLQJWKHLW XQG LQWHQGLHUWHU 8QLYHUVDOLWlW
8QWHUVFKLHGOLFKH 7\SHQ YRQ =HQWULVPHQ XQG GHU %HJULII HLQHU SRO\ORJLVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ
ZHUGHQGLVNXWLHUWDQJHVLFKWVDXHUSKLORVRSKLVFKEHGLQJWHU8QJOHLFKKHLWHQSKLORVRSKLVFKHU
'LVNXUVH

/DILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHVHSUHQGLDPRLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHO
DPELWRGL
OLQJXDWHGHVFDVLYDVHPSUHSLDIIHUPDQGRLQFDPSRDFFDGHPLFRLQPROWL
OXRJKLIDSDUWHGHLSLDQLGLVWXGLRHVHQHWLHQHFRQWRQHOODIDVHGLSUHSDUD
]LRQH GHL FXUULFXOD  &L VRQR DVVRFLD]LRQL DFFDGHPLFKH FKH RUJDQL]]DQR

 $QDEEUHYLDWHG*HUPDQYHUVLRQRIWKLVWH[WKDVEHHQSXEOLVKHGLQ,QIRUPDWLRQ3KLORVR
SKLHQR)RUPDQ\FRUUHFWLRQVDQGKLQWVWRWKLVWH[W,DPLQGHEWHGWR
.DULQ.XFKOHU
 &I 1DXVLNDD 6FKLULOOD ,QWHUNXOWXUHOOHV 3KLORVRSKLHUHQ LP 6WXGLXP GHU 3KLORVRSKLH
,QSRO\ORJ=HLWVFKULIWIULQWHUNXOWXUHOOHV3KLORVRSKLHUHQ1U



)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU

FRQIHUHQ]H HLQGLYHUVLFRQJUHVVLGLILORVRILD VRQSUHVHQWLVSHFLILFKHVH

]LRQL LQVLQJROLFDVLVLGHVWLQDQRFDWWHGUHDTXHVW
LQVHJQDPHQWR&
qSRLXQ
EXRQQXPHURGLOLEULHDOWULPHGLD HLQROWUHRJJLLQJHQHUDOHJOLVWUXPHQWL
GHOODFRPXQLFD]LRQHJOREDOHVRQRJUDQGHPHQWHPLJOLRUDWLULVSHWWRDGXQQRQ
ORQWDQRSDVVDWRTXHVWRqLPSRUWDQWHHGDYDOXWDUHFRPHXQVLFXURVXFFHVVR
3HUTXHOFKHULJXDUGDLOQRVWURWHPDVLSXzSDUODUHGLXQRVYLOXSSRQHOGH
FHQQLRWUDVFRUVR/DTXHVWLRQHLPSRUWDQWHqSHUzVHHTXDOHFRQWULEXWRODIL
ORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH FRPH SURJHWWR SHU OD ILORVRILD GHO SUHVHQWH KD  ILQRUD
GDWRRSXzGDUH 
/D ILORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH  q LQQDQ]LWXWWR ILORVRILD H LQ TXHVWR VHQVR
QRQKDWHPLREDULFHQWULSDUWLFRODUL(VVDSXzHGHYHRFFXSDUVLGLSUREOHPL
HWLFLFRPHJQRVHRORJLFLRQWRORJLFLHORJLFL'HYHDQFKHSRWHUHVVHUHJLXGL
FDWDLQEDVHDOVXRFRQWULEXWRILORVRILFR&LVRQRFHUWDPHQWHGHOOHUDJLRQLGHO
IDWWRFKHTXDQGRSLRPHQRGDJOLDQQL
VLSDUODGLXQRULHQWDPHQWRLQ
WHUFXOWXUDOHGHOODILORVRILDYHQJRQRVSHVVRLQPHQWHDOFXQLWHPLSUHFLVL
3UHQGLDPRLQSULPROXRJROD6WRULDGHOODILORVRILD 1HOODSUDWLFDGHOOD
ILORVRILDDFFDGHPLFDLQJHQHUDOHHGDSSHUWXWWRLWHPLHOHTXHVWLRQLVWRULFR
 HJ *,3 6RFLHW\ RI ,QWHUFXOWXUDO 3KLORVRSK\ DW &RORJQH FI KWWSZZZLQWJLSGH
:L*L3
9LHQQD
6RFLHW\
RI
,QWHUFXOWXUDO
3KLORVRSK\
FI
KWWSZZZZLJLSRUJLQGH[SKS"LG    $OO RI WKH 85/V LQ WKLV SDSHU ZHUH DFWLYH LQ
-DQXDU\
 )RU H[DPSOH ;;,, 'HXWVFKHU .RQJUHVV IU 3KLORVRSKLH 0QFKHQ  FI
KWWSZZZGJSKLOXQLPXHQFKHQGHFDOOBIRUBSDSHUVFDOOBIRUBSDSHUVLQGH[KWPO
 $VLVWKHFDVHDWWKH8QLYHUVLWLHVRI&RORJQH+LOGHVKHLPDQG9LHQQD
 6HH HJ SRO\ORJ)RUXP KWWSOLQNSRO\ORJRUJMRXUHQKWP *,3 KWWSZZZLQW
JLSGHHQJOLVFKSXEOLNDWLRQHQKWPO
 &I+DQV6FKHONVKRUQ,QWHUNXOWXUHOOH3KLORVRSKLHXQGGHU'LVNXUVGHU0RGHUQH(LQH
SURJUDPPDWLVFKH 6NL]]H  ,Q SRO\ORJ =HLWVFKULIW IU LQWHUNXOWXUHOOHV 3KLORVRSKLHUHQ
1U
7KHILUVWERRNZLWKWKHH[SOLFLWHZRUGLQJLQWHUFXOWXUDOSKLORVRSK\LQWKHWLWOHVKRZV
WKLV KLVWRULRJUDSKLF WHQGHQF\ YHU\ FOHDUO\ )UDQ] 0DUWLQ :LPPHU ,QWHUNXOWXUHOOH 3KL
ORVRSKLH 7KHRULH XQG *HVFKLFKWH :LHQ 3DVVDJHQ  ,Q WKH LQWHUQHW
KWWSKRPHSDJHXQLYLHDFDWIUDQ]PDUWLQZLPPHULQWNXOWKWPO 7KH UHVSHFWLYH H[
SUHVVLRQLQ(QJOLVKZDVQRWLQXVHXQWLOWKHPLGLHV)RUDFRQFLVHRYHUYLHZRIGH
YHORSLQJ WRSLFV LQ WKLV ILHOG VHH +HLQ] .LPPHUOH 'DV SRO\ORJLVFKH 9HUIDKUHQV
PRGHOOLP.RQWH[WHLQLJHU$VSHNWHGHU(QWVWHKXQJVJHVFKLFKWHGHULQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ3KL

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



ILORVRILFKHJLRFDQRXQJUDQGHUXRORTXHVWRQRQqWLSLFRGLDOWULVDSHULH
FLzYDOHHFFHWWRIRUVHXQSR
SHUODILORVRILDDQDOLWLFDSHUWXWWLJOLRULHQWD
PHQWL DQFKH SHU TXHOOL RULHQWDWL VLVWHPDWLFDPHQWH FRPH OD IHQRPHQRORJLD
6LFRQVLGHUDDQFKHDWWLYLWjILORVRILFDLQWHUSUHWDUHHFRPPHQWDUHWHVWLGLDO
WULILORVRIL4XHVWRQRQqRYYLRQRQqVWDWRHQRQqXJXDOPHQWHLOFDVRGR
YXQTXH LQWXWWHOHIDVLVWRULFKHGHOODILORVRILD HGKDSLXWWRVWRDFKHIDUH
DQFKH FRQ O
HJHPRQLD GHOOD ILORVRILD RFFLGHQWDOH GDOOD PRGHUQLWj  HG q
GXQTXHLQFHUWRPRGRFRQWLQJHQWH,QTXHVWRFRQWHVWRqJLjXQDSLFFRODULYR
ORVRSKLH ,Q 3HUVSHNWLYHQ LQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ 3KLORVRSKLHUHQV %HLWUlJH ]XU *HVFKLFKWH
XQG 0HWKRGLN YRQ 3RO\ORJHQ (GV )UDQ] *PDLQHU3UDQ]O DQG $QNH *UDQH 
:LHQIDFXOWDVZXY
 ,QRFFLGHQWDODQGPHGLWHUUDQLDQSKLORVRSK\GXULQJPHGLHYDOWLPHVEHLW/DWLQRU$UDELF
VFKRODUVKLSKLVWRULRJUDSKLFDFWLYLW\KDVEHHQQH[WWRQRWKLQJ &I /XFLHQ%UDXQ+LV
WRLUHGHO
KLVWRLUHGHODSKLORVRSKLH3DULV2SKU\V
 7ZRH[DPSOHVRISKLORVRSKLFDOWUDGLWLRQVZLWKRXWLQWHQVHKLVWRULRJUDSKLFDOLQWHUHVWPD\
VXIILFH,QWKHULFKKLVWRULRJUDSKLFDOOLWHUDWXUHRI&KLQDWKHUHQHYHUXQWLOWKHWKFHQ
WXU\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH :HVW  ZHUH ZULWWHQ VHSDUDWH GHVFULSWLRQV RI KLVWRU\ RI SKLOR
VRSKLFDOWKLQNLQJ7KHWRSLFWKRXJK ZDVH[WHQVLYHO\GHDOW ZLWKEXWHPEHGGHGLQJHQ
HUDOKLVWRULHVIURPWKHLUEHJLQQLQJDURXQG%&&I6]XPD &KLHQ5HFRUGVRIWKH
+LVWRULDQ &KDSWHUV IURP WKH 6KLK FKL RI 6VXPD &K
LHQ +J %XUWRQ :DWVRQ 1HZ
<RUNXQG/RQGRQ&ROXPELD8QLY3UHVV$QRWKHUFDVHLV,QGLD$OWKRXJKSKLOR
VRSKLFDOSURGXFWLRQKDVEHHQYHU\ULFKKLVWRULFDOLQWHUHVWZDVDOPRVWQRQH[LVWHQWQHL
WKHULQJHQHUDOKLVWRU\QRULQKLVWRU\RISKLORVRSK\&I375DMX,QWURGXFWLRQWRFRP
SDUDWLYH3KLORVRSK\/LQFROQ8QLYRI1HEUDVND3U)RUDQDQFLHQWXQKLVWRULF
DSSURDFK WR KLVWRU\ RI SKLORVRSK\ VHH 0DGKDYD $FKDU\D 7KH 6DUYD'DUVDQD
6DPJUDKD RU 5HYLHZ RI WKH 'LIIHUHQW 6\VWHPV RI +LQGX 3KLORVRSK\ 7UDQVO E\ (%
&RZHOOXQG$(*RXJK'HOKL0RWLODO%DQDUVLGDVV
 7KHH[FOXVLRQRIWKH2ULHQWE\+HJHODQGRWKHUVLVEXWRQHIDPRXVLQVWDQFH7KHSURE
OHPLVPRUHJHQHUDO$V.DL.UHVVHZLWKUHVSHFWWR$IULFDSXWVLWWRGHQ\SKLORVRSK\
WRSHRSOHIURPWKHRXWVHWPHDQVWRGHQ\WKHPSDUWRIWKHLUKXPDQLW\&I.DL.UHVVH
3KLORVRSKLVLQJLQ0RPEDVD.QRZOHGJH,VODPDQGLQWHOOHFWXDOSUDFWLFHRQWKH6ZDKLOL
FRDVW/RQGRQ(GLQEXUJK8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV$QDXWKRUIURP$IULFDLVPHDQ
LQJSUHVHQFHZKHQVKHGHVFULEHVWKHPRVWUHFHQWSKDVHLQDQROG:HVWHUQFRQFHUQZLWK
WKH HYROYLQJ VWDWXV RI $IULFDQ SULPLWLYLVP DV PRYLQJ IURP KLVWRU\OHVVQHVV WR VWDWH
OHVVQHVVDQGQRZWRSKLORVRSK\OHVVQHVV&I2\qUyQNp2\pZPL9LVXDOL]LQJWKH%RG\
TXRWHGIURP0LFKDHOD.UHQH\RYi$IULFDDQGWKH5HVW,PDJLQDWLRQVEH\RQGD
FRQWLQHQWLQ$IULFDQVFKRODUVKLSRQKXPDQULJKWVDQGGHYHORSPHQW'LVVHUWDWLRQ 8QL
YHUVLWlW:LHQ2QHRXJKWWRWKLQNWKDWWKHVHZHUHRXWGDWHGGHEDWHVVLQFHORQJ
EXWREYLRXVO\WKH\DUHQRW



)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU

OX]LRQHVHFLVLDFFRUJHQHOODVWRULRJUDILDILORVRILFDGHOO
HVLVWHQ]DGLWHVWLH
SHQVDWRULGLUHJLRQLGHOPRQGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHGLYHUVH/DGRPDQGDUHODWLYD
DOOHDOWUHYRFLGHOODVWRULDPRQGLDOHGHOSHQVLHURILORVRILFRqXQDFDUDWWHUL
VWLFD GHOOD ILORVRILD RULHQWDWD LQWHUFXOWXUDOPHQWH /R VYLOXSSR GL PRGHOOL GL
ULFHUFDRGLPDWHULDOLSHUO
LQVHJQDPHQWRLQTXHVWDGLUH]LRQHqSHUzDQFRUDDL
SULPRUGL 
,OFRQIURQWRFRQODVWRULDGHOODILORVRILDQRQRFFLGHQWDOHQRQqQXOODGL
FLzFKHVDUHEEHLQL]LDWRVRORFRQODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOH 4XDVLXQVHFR
ORIDLQXQFRQWHVWRFRORQLDOHD&DOFXWWDIXFRQFHSLWDGD%UDMHQGUDQDWK6HDO
O
LGHD GL XQD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWLYD  'D DOORUD HVVD KD DPSOLDWR LQ PRGR
GHFLVLYRLOVDSHUHVWRULFRILORVRILFRSULPDGLWXWWRDWWUDYHUVRLOFRQIURQWRGL
DQWLFKHWUDGL]LRQLGLSHQVLHURGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHHPHULGLRQDOHFROSHQVLHUR
RFFLGHQWDOH&RQTXHVWRVRQWXWWDYLDQRPLQDWLLGXHSXQWLHVVHQ]LDOLQHLTXD
OLODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHVLGLVWLQJXHGDTXHVWRSULPRWHQWDWLYRQRQFLVL
OLPLWDSLDSRFKHUHJLRQLGHILQLWHQHOO
DPELWRGLXQDJHRJUDILDGHOODFXOWX
UDHO
LQWHQ]LRQHQRQqSLSULPDULDPHQWHTXHOODGLRIIULUHFRPSDUD]LRQLVWR
ULFKH
4XHVWRLQFLGHVXOODVWRULDGHOODILORVRILDQHOODPLVXUDLQFXLVLJXDUGD
DQFKHDGDOWUHUHJLRQLSHUHVO
$IULFDQHUDRO
$PHULFDODWLQD&RVuJXDGD
 7RJOREDOLVHWKHDFDGHPLFWHDFKLQJRIKLVWRU\RISKLORVRSKLHVVKDOOEHLQQRZD\DQHDV\
WDVN 7KH LPSUHVVLQJ SURSRVDO RI (QULTXH 'XVVHO SUHVHQWHG DW WKH :RUOG &RQJUHVV RI
3KLORVRSK\LQ6HRXOPD\VKRZWKHQHFHVVLW\DVZHOODVWKHKXJHGLIILFXOWLHVDULVLQJ
ZLWKVXFKDQLQWHQWLRQ&I(QULTXH'XVVHO$1HZ$JHLQWKH+LVWRU\RI3KLORVRSK\
7KH:RUOG'LDORJXHEHWZHHQ3KLORVRSKLFDO7UDGLWLRQV,Q3UDMxD9LKDUD-RXUQDORI
3KLORVRSK\
DQG
5HOLJLRQ

1U



,QWHUQHW
KWWSHQULTXHGXVVHOFRPW[W:25/'&21*5(66SDSHUSGI
 6HHIRRWQRWH
 &IWKHFRQWULEXWLRQE\5DOSK:HEHURQ3DQLNNDULQWKLVFRQIHUHQFH)RUDQRYHUDOOLQ
WURGXFWRU\UHDGLQJPD\EHEHVW$UFKLH-%DKP&RPSDUDWLYH3KLORVRSK\:HVWHUQ,Q
GLDQDQG&KLQHVH3KLORVRSKLHV&RPSDUHGQGHG$OEXTXHUTXH:RUOG%RRNV
37 5DMX ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR FRPSDUDWLYH 3KLORVRSK\ /LQFROQ 8QLY RI 1HEUDVND 3U
DQG*HUDOG-DPHV/DUVRQDQG(OLRW'HXWVFKHGV,QWHUSUHWLQJ$FURVV%RXQGD
ULHV1HZ(VVD\VLQ&RPSDUDWLYH3KLORVRSK\'HOKL0RWLODO%DQDUVLGDVV&ODVVL
FDOZRUNVZLWKLQWKLVDSSURDFKDUH3DXO0DVVRQ2XUVHO/DSKLORVRSKLHFRPSDUpH3DU
LV  &KDUOHV $ 0RRUH +J 3KLORVRSK\ DQG &XOWXUH (DVW DQG :HVW (DVW:HVW
3KLORVRSK\LQ3UDFWLFDO3HUVSHFWLYH+RQROXOX8QLYHUVLW\RI+DZDLL3UHVV

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



JQDQRLQWHUHVVH QRQVRORDQWLFKHWUDGL]LRQLPDDQFKHFRUUHQWLDWWXDOL &Lz

SRUWDDGXQDGLYHUVLILFD]LRQHGHJOLDWWXDOLGLVFRUVLHGLIDWWRLOIRUWHLQWHUHVVH
LQL]LDOH SHU OD VWRULD VL GLVORFD QHOOD ILORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH LQ DOWUL FDPSL
SUREOHPDWLFL
8Q VHFRQGR WLSR GL WHPL GHOOD ILORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH KD LQ TXDOFKH
PRGR D FKH IDUH FRQ OD FXOWXUD HVWUDQHLWj FRPSUHQVLRQH H GLIIHUHQ]D
XQLYHUVDOLWjHSDUWLFRODULWjLGHQWLWjRSURSULRFXOWXUDOLWjLQJHQHUDOH4XHVWR
SHUzQRQqQHFHVVDULDPHQWHO
RJJHWWR SULPDULRGHOODILORVRILDHTXLQGLQHS
SXUHGHOODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHODTXHVWLRQHKDGXHODWL
'DXQODWRQHVVXQRFRPHILORVRIRqHRLSVRFRPSHWHQWHDGDUHULVSR
VWHVXOOHFXOWXUHFLVRQRDOWUHVFLHQ]HSHUHVO
DQWURSRORJLDODOLQJXLVWLFD
RO
HWQRORJLDFKHSRVVLHGRQROHORURVSHFLDOLFRPSHWHQ]H
'
DOWURODWRO
RULHQWDPHQWRLQWHUFXOWXUDOHGHOODILORVRILDUHQGHDWWHQWLDG
XQDFLUFRVWDQ]DPROWRLPSRUWDQWHODILORVRILDqVHPSUHDQFKHFXOWXUDOPHQ
WHVLWXDWD6HODILORVRILDHDPLRSDUHUHTXHVWDqXQDGHOOHVXHFDUDWWHULVWL
FKHVHPSUHDOWHPSRVWHVVRPLUDDQFKHDGDIIHUPD]LRQLXQLYHUVDOLVWDLQXQ
FRQWHVWRFKHLRKRFKLDPDWR'LOHPPDGHOODFXOWXUDOLWjFRQVDSHYROHFKHL
VXRLVWUXPHQWLOLQJXLVWLFLFRQFHWWXDOLDQFKHORJLFLVRQRLPSURQWDWLFXOWX
UDOPHQWH H QRQ VRYUDFXOWXUDOPHQWH R XQLYHUVDOPHQWH VL VIRU]D WXWWDYLD
FRQTXHVWLPH]]LVWUXWWXUDOPHQWHOLPLWDWLGLUDJJLXQJHUHO
8QLYHUVDOH
&LVDUHEEHURLQVHGHWHRUHWLFDGXHSRVVLELOLWjGLLJQRUDUHLOGLOHPPD
8QD FRQVLVWHUHEEH QHO QHJDUH O
DVSLUD]LRQH DG XQ
XQLYHUVDOH YDOLGLWj H DO
FRQWUDULR DFFHWWDUH OD GLSHQGHQ]D GHOOD ILORVRILD GDOOD FXOWXUD PD DO WHPSR
VWHVVRODVXDOLPLWDWH]]DFXOWXUDOH4XHVWRYRUUHEEHGLUHULQXQFLDUHDGRJQL
HJHPRQL]]D]LRQHLFRQWHQXWLGHOSHQVLHURRFFLGHQWDOHQRQSRWUHEEHURSUH
WHQGHUHDGXQDYDOLGLWjXQLYHUVDOHSURSULRFRPHLFRQWHQXWLGHOSHQVLHURQRQ

 )RUERWKDVSHFWVFIWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHMRXUQDOSRO\ORJ=HLWVFKULIW IULQWHUNXOWXUHOOHV

3KLORVRSKLHUHQ KWWSZZZSRO\ORJQHW DV ZHOO DV SRO\ORJ )RUXP IRU ,QWHUFXOWXUDO
3KLORVRSK\KWWSZZZSRO\ORJRUJLQGH[HQKWP



)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU

RFFLGHQWDOHGDSDUWHGLTXDOVLDVLWUDGL]LRQHFXOWXUDOHHQHULVXOWHUHEEHXQD
YDULRSLQWDSROLFHQWULFDPHUDFRHVLVWHQ]DGLHWQRILORVRILH 
)DWDOPHQWH DFFDGUHEEH FKH VROR DOO
LQWHUQR GL FXOWXUH GL YROWD LQ
YROWD JHQHUDOPHQWH ULFRQRVFLXWH VL GLVFXWHUHEEH VL FULWLFKHUHEEH VL DUJR
PHQWHUHEEH &L VL SXz IDFLOPHQWH LPPDJLQDUH FKH FRVD TXHVWR VLJQLILFKH
UHEEHSHUTXHLSUREOHPLFKHLQXQPRQGRJOREDOL]]DWRKDQQRELVRJQRGLPL
VXUHUHJROHFRPXQLFKHGRYUHEEHURHVVHUHUDJLRQHYROLSHUWXWWLWDOLTXH
VWLRQLHVXOHUHEEHURDSULRULGDRJQLFRPXQLFD]LRQHDUJRPHQWDWLYD 6HOD
ILORVRILDSXzHVVHUHFRPSUHVDFRPHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHFRQTXHVWRLQWHUqDSHU
WDODSRVVLELOLWjGLXQUHFLSURFRLQIOXVVRFULWLFDVWLPROR
/
DOWUDSRVVLELOLWjGLVRWWUDUVLDOGLOHPPDFRQVLVWHUHEEHQHOFRQWHVWDUH
R QHJDUH OD FRQGL]LRQDWH]]D FXOWXUDOH .XOWXUDOLWDW GL XQDWUDGL]LRQH H QHO
VRVWHQHUHODVXDXQLYHUVDOLWjDFXOWXUDOH)XSURSULRTXHVWDO
DXWRFRPSUHQVLR
QHSUHIHULWDGHOODILORVRILDRFFLGHQWDOHHXURSHD PRGHUQDVSHVVRIRUPXODWD
HVSOLFLWDPHQWHHDQFRUDSLVSHVVRSUHVXSSRVWDWDFLWDPHQWH4XHVWDVHFRQGD
RS]LRQH q DOWUHWWDQWR FHQWULVWLFD  GHOOD SULPD PD SHU O
DSSXQWR PRQR H
QRQSROLFHQWULFD

 )RUDFULWLFDOGLVFXVVLRQRIHWKQRSKLORVRSK\FI)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU(WKQRSKLORVR
SKLH$XVZHJRGHU,UUZHJ",QgVWHUUHLFKLVFKH=HLWVFKULIWIU3ROLWLNZLVVHQVFKDIW
1U    .ZDVL :LUHGX &RPH QRQ FRPSDUDUH LO SHQVLHUR DIULFDQR FRQ
TXHOORRFFLGHQWDOH7UDG0DULHOOD%DOGR,Q)LORVRILHLQ$IULFDHG*LRYDQQL/HJKLV
VD0LODQR0LPHVLV
 0RVWVWULNLQJLVWKHLGHDRIHWKQRSKLORVRSK\ZLWKVXFKLVVXHVDVKXPDQULJKWV&I5DL
PRQ3DQLNNDU,VWKHQRWLRQRI+XPDQ5LJKWVD:HVWHUQ&RQFHSW",Q'LRJHQHV
QR)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU+XPDQ5LJKWVDQG,QWHUFXOWXUDO(WK
LFVZLWKDRPPHQWDU\E\0DVDND]X7DQDND,Q0HQVFKHQUHFKWH.XOWXUHQXQG*HZDOW
$QVlW]H HLQHU LQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ (WKLN HGV /XGJHU .KQKDUGW DQG 0DPRUX 7DND\DPD
%DGHQ%DGHQ1RPRV
 $SDUWRIPXWXDOVWHUHRW\SHVYDULRXVIRUPVRIFHQWULVPKDYHWREHGLVWLQJXLVKHG7KHUH
DUH PRQRFHQWULF W\SHV OLNH H[SDQVLYH DQG LQWHJUDWLYH FHQWULVP DV ZHOO DV SRO\FHQWULF
W\SHV OLNH VHSDUDWLYH DQG WHQWDWLYH FHQWULVP ,W LV RQO\ WKH ODVW PHQWLRQHG W\SH ZKLFK
VHHPV DSW IRU DUJXPHQWDWLYH LQWHUDFWLRQV DFURVV FXOWXUDO ERUGHUV &I )UDQ] 0DUWLQ
:LPPHU &XOWXUDO &HQWULVPV DQG ,QWHUFXOWXUDO 3RO\ORJXHV LQ 3KLORVRSK\ ,Q ,5,( 
,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HYLHZ RI ,QIRUPDWLRQ (WKLFV  1U   KWWSZZZLUL
HQHWLQKDOWZLPPHUSGI

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



/D ILORVRILD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH QRQ LJQRUHUj LO GLOHPPD GHOOD FXOWXUDOLWj

PDDOO
LQWHUQRGHOOHFRQGL]LRQLFKHHVVRSRQHFHUFKHUjLOPRGRSHUFRQGXUUH
DGXQGLDORJRIUXWWXRVRVXLSUREOHPLSUHVHQWLLQILORVRILHFKHVLVRQRVYLOXS
SDWHGHQWURGLYHUVHWUDGL]LRQLVWRULFRFXOWXUDOL
$FFDQWRDGDOWULSUHVXSSRVWLIUDLTXDOLqLOFRPSLWRSHUPDQHQWHGLUHFLSUR
FKHLQWHUSUHWD]LRQLHWUDGX]LRQLqLQGLVSHQVDELOHODFULWLFDGHLFHQWULVPL
HVFOXVLYLVWLFLFKHLQSULPROXRJRULJXDUGDO
HTXLYDOHQ]DHXURFHQWULFDIUDOD
ILORVRILDRFFLGHQWDOHHODILORVRILDLQJHQHUDOH 
/DFULWLFDGHOODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHDOO
HXURFHQWULVPRVLqVYLOXSSDWD
GDSSULPDHQHOPRGRSLFKLDURFRPHFULWLFDGHOOHSUDWLFKHVHOHWWLYHHGHOOH
LQWHUSUHWD]LRQLLQVHGHGLVWRULRJUDILDILORVRILFD$QWLFLSDWDSHUHVGDLODYRUL
GL .-DVSHUV H GL VWRULFL PDU[LVWL IX WXWWDYLD LQ PROWL OXRJKL TXDOFRVD GL
QXRYRVHGDJOLDQQL
VLFRPLQFLzDGHVLJHUH FKHODVWRULDGHOODILORVRILD
GHEED HVVHUH YLVWD UDFFRQWDWD H LQVHJQDWD QRQ VROR LQ SURVSHWWLYD
RFFLGHQWDOHPDGHOO
LQWHUDXPDQLWj 
1RQ VL WUDWWD YHUDPHQWH VROR GL HXURFHQWULVPR SHU TXDQWR TXHVWR VLD
SRWHQWHHGDFULWLFDUH6HEEHQHQRQVLDPDLVWDWDSXEEOLFDWDXQD6WRULDGHOOD
ILORVRILDGHOO
XPDQLWjFKHIRVVHVFULWWDHVFOXVLYDPHQWHLQEDVHDGXQDSUR
VSHWWLYDQRQHXURSHDFRPHIXTXDVLQRUPDOHSHUVHFROLVFULYHUODDOFRQWUDULR
PXRYHQGR GD XQD SURVSHWWLYD HXURSHD q LQ RJQL FDVR SUREOHPDWLFR XQ
HVFOXVLYLVWLFRFHQWULVPRFXOWXUDOH

 )RUDFULWLFDOGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHZLGHVSUHDGHTXDWLRQRISKLORVRSK\DQG(XURSHDQSKL
ORVRSK\DIWHUFRQIHU,QWHUNXOWXUHOOH3KLORVRSKLH7KHRULHXQG*HVFKLFKWHIQ
 6RPH RI WKH ZRUNV  DSDUW IURP JHQHUDOO\ LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVW PDU[LVW KLVWRU\ ZULWLQJ  LQ
WKLVLQWHQWLRQDUH.DUO-DVSHUV :HOWJHVFKLFKWHGHU3KLORVRSKLH(LQOHLWXQJ0QFKHQ
-RKQ&3ORWW*OREDO+LVWRU\RI3KLORVRSK\YROV1HZ'HOKL+DMLPH
1DNDPXUD3DUDOOHO'HYHORSPHQWV7RN\R5DOI0RULW]HWDOHGV:LHXQGZDUXP
HQWVWDQG3KLORVRSKLHLQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ5HJLRQHQGHU(UGH"%HUOLQ*'5)UDQ]0
:LPPHU HG 9LHU )UDJHQ ]XU 3KLORVRSKLH LQ $IULND $VLHQ XQG /DWHLQDPHULND :LHQ
 5DP $GKDU 0DOO DQG +HLQ] +OVPDQQ 'LH GUHL *HEXUWVRUWH GHU 3KLORVRSKLH
&KLQD ,QGLHQ (XURSD %RQQ  +HLQ] .LPPHUOH 3KLORVRSKLH LQ $IULND DIULNDQ
LVFKH3KLORVRSKLH)UDQNIXUW00RUHUHFHQWDUH5DQGDOO&ROOLQV7KH6RFLRORJ\
RI3KLORVRSKLHV$*OREDO7KHRU\RI,QWHOOHFWXDO&KDQJH+DUYDUG1LQLDQ6PDUW
:RUOG3KLORVRSKLHV1HZ<RUN



)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU

&
qXQDVYROWDQHOODILORVRILDFROSURJHWWRGLXQRULHQWDPHQWRLQWHU
FXOWXUDOH"7HRULFDPHQWH VuQHOODSUDWLFDLQJHQHUDOHDSSHQD6HVLSXzGLUH
FKH OD ILORVRILD DFFDGHPLFD LQ WHPSL UHFHQWL KD VSHULPHQWDWR XQD VYROWD
OLQJXLVWLFDXQDVYROWDSDUDJRQDELOHLOFKHVLJQLILFKHUHEEHFKHLQRJQLTXH
VWLRQHILORVRILFDO
DWWHQ]LRQHVDUHEEHULYROWDLQSULPROXRJRDJOLVYLOXSSLWHR
ULFL FXOWXUDOPHQWH GLYHUVL GHO SUREOHPD  LQ GLVFXVVLRQH  QRQ VL Gj  /D
FRQVXHWDUHD]LRQHGLPROWLILORVRILHILORVRIHDGXQDVLPLOHSUHWHVDqFRPH
VHPSUHFKHXQDUHDOHDSHUWXUDGHLGLVFRUVLILORVRILFLROWUHOHIURQWLHUHFXOWX
UDOLDSSXQWRQRQqDQFRUDSRVVLELOHILQRDTXDQGRSULPDGLWXWWRQRQVLDQR
FKLDULWHGDOOHUHODWLYHILORORJLHOHTXHVWLRQLDWWLQHQWLIRQWLHLQWHUSUHWD]LRQL
 H TXHVWR GLVFRUVR VLJQLILFD ULPDQGDUH LO GLDORJR QHFHVVDULR DO JLRUQR GL
6DQ0DL
4XDQGR VL ID ILORVRILD LQ SURVSHWWLYD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH QRQ q GHWWR FKH
HPHUJDQR LQHYLWDELOPHQWH QXRYL PRGL GL SRUUH OH TXHVWLRQL , YDUL QXPHUL
GHOODULYLVWD3RO\ORJQHVRQRXQDSURYDFLVLRFFXSDGLJLXVWL]LDHGHVWHWLFD
WROOHUDQ]DLEULGLWjHGLULWWLXPDQLELRWHFQRORJLDVRJJHWWLYLWjRDWWXDOLWjILOR
VRILFD QRQVLWUDWWDGLWHPLQXRYL1XRYRqLOWHQWDWLYRGLHVDPLQDUHTXHVWL
WHPLQRQOLPLWDQGRVLSLDOOHWUDGL]LRQLGLSHQVLHURRFFLGHQWDOL(TXHVWRGR
YUHEEHHVVHUHVHQ]
DOWURRYYLRLQXQPRQGRJOREDOH(VRORSHUFKqQRQqDQ
FRUDXQDSUDWLFDILORVRILFDRYYLDFKHGjQHOO
RFFKLRFRPHVHIRVVHXQDVWUD
QH]]D
8QRGHLFRQFHWWLFKHVRQRVWDWLHODERUDWLQHOODGLVFXVVLRQHLQWRUQRDOOD
ILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHqFROOHJDWRDOWHUPLQH3RO\ORJ 6LWUDWWDGLXQPR
 &IP\,QWURGXFWLRQ,QWHUFXOWXUDO3KLORVRSK\,Q7232,.OXZHU$FDGHPLF3XEOLVK
HUV'RUGUHFKWQRKHUHSWKHUHFDQEHIRUPXODWHGDQHJDWLYH
UXOHQHYHUDFFHSWDSKLORVRSKLFDOWKHVLVIURPDXWKRUVRIDVLQJOHFXOWXUDOWUDGLWLRQWREH
ZHOOIRXQGHG
7KLVUXOHFDQEHIRUPXODWHGLQDSRVLWLYHZD\WRR:KHUHYHUSRVVLEOHORRNIRUWUDQVFXO
WXUDO RYHUODSSLQJ 5DP $ 0DOO SKLORVRSKLFDO FRQFHSWV VLQFH LW LV SUREDEOH WKDW
ZHOOIRXQGHG LGHDV KDYH GHYHORSHG LQ PRUH WKDQ RQH FXOWXUDO WUDGLWLRQ 6HH
KWWSOLQNVSULQJHUFRPMRXUQDOSDJH
 &IKWWSZZZSRO\ORJQHW
 ,SURSRVHQRWWRWDONDERXWGLDORJXHVEXWDERXWSRO\ORJXHVFRQVLGHULQJWKDWDQ\TXHV
WLRQ GLVFXVVHG E\ SKLORVRSKHUV FRPLQJ IURP GLIIHUHQW FXOWXUDO EDFNJURXQGV DQG WUDGL
WLRQV RXJKW WR EH DUJXPHQWHG E\ WKH FRQFHSWXDO PHDQV DQG IURP WKH YLHZSRLQWV RI

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



GHOORWHRUHWLFRSHUODGHVFUL]LRQHGLXQDFRPXQLFD]LRQHLGHDOHQHLSUREOHPL
ILORVRILFL QHO TXDGUR GHOO
DFFHWWD]LRQH GLWUDGL]LRQLILORVRILFKHUDGLFDOPHQWH
GLYHUVHHFXOWXUDOPHQWHLPSURQWDWHFKHLQTXHVWLSUREOHPLKDQQRGLYROWDLQ
YROWDVYLOXSSDWRSRVL]LRQLULIOHVVHDUJRPHQWDWLYH9LHQHFRVuSHQVDWDODSRV
VLELOLWjFKHTXHVWHWUDGL]LRQLQHOO
XQLYHUVDOHUHFLSURFDFULWLFDPHWWDQRLQRSH
UDVXOSLDQRDUJRPHQWDWLYRLORURODWLIRUWLHULFRQRVFDQROHSURSULHGHEROH]
]H
/DFRPXQLFD]LRQHSROLORJLFDFRVuULYHQGLFDWDFKHQDWXUDOPHQWHSXz
HVVHUHSHQVDWDVRORFRPHFRPXQLFD]LRQHJOREDOHQRQVLYHULILFDSHUzDQFR
UDLQHYLWDELOPHQWHFRQOHSRVVLELOLWjPHGLDOLHLVWLWX]LRQDOLULFKLHVWHSUHOLPL
QDUPHQWHKDVRORGHOOHPLJOLRULFKDQFHV&RQFUHWDPHQWHLQRJQLTXHVWLRQH
FKHVHFRQGRLOWHPDGRYUHEEHHVVHUHGLVFXVVDLQPRGRLQWHUFXOWXUDOHRFFRU
UHDVSHWWDUVLFRQGL]LRQLQLHQW
DIIDWWRIDYRUHYROLDGXQDFRPXQLFD]LRQHOLEHUD
XQLYHUVDOHHJXDOLWDULDFLRqSROLORJLFD3HUTXHVWDVRQRVHQ]
DOWURLPSRUWDQWL
OHYDULHWUDGL]LRQLHWHUPLQRORJLHFRVuFRPHOHGLIIHUHQWLOLQJXHPDQRQVRQR
GHFLVLYH3LLPSRUWDQWLDQFRUDVRQROHFRQGL]LRQLFKHLQDPSLRVHQVRYDQ
QRLQGLFDWHFRPHSROLWLFKH
/HVWUXWWXUHLVWLWX]LRQDOLSRVVRQRDYYLDUHGLVFRUVLSROLORJLFLHSRVVRQR
G
DOWUDSDUWHGHWHUPLQDUHODVHOH]LRQHGHLSRVVLELOLLQWHUHVVDWLHOHPRGDOLWjGL
FRQGX]LRQHLQPRGRWDOHGDFRQIHULUHDSULRULSLSHVRDGDOFXQHYRFLFKHDG
DOWUHHDGHVFOXGHUHGHOWXWWRPROWHYRFL%DVWLXQXQLFRHVHPSLRLQSDUWHILW
WL]LR 6XSSRQLDPR FKH RFFRUUD  VSLHJDUH  FKH FRVD VL GHEED LQWHQGHUH SHU
JLXVWL]LD'LVSRQLDPRGLTXDWWURWHVWLFKHQRQFRQFRUGDQRIUDORURULFR
QRVFLXWL RJJHWWLYDPHQWH  FRPH L SL FRPSHWHQWL LQ PDWHULD 6XSSRQLDPR
PDQ\YLUWXDOO\IURPWKHYLHZSRLQWVRIDOOUHOHYDQWSKLORVRSKLFDOWUDGLWLRQV7KHVLPSOH
UHDVRQIRUWKHWHUPSRO\ORJXHOLHVLQWKHIDFWWKDWDWKHDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKGLDORJXH
YHU\ RIWHQ VHHPV WR EH WKDW WKHUH EH RQO\ WZR SDUWLHV LQYROYHG  WKRXJK WKH *UHHN
GLiVLPSO\PHDQVEHWZHHQRULQWHUDQGGRHVQRWLPSO\DQ\QXPEHUDQGWKDWE
WKHUHDUHFRQFHSWXDODQGPHWKRGRORJLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQGLDORJXHVZKHUHRQO\WZR
SDUWLHVDUHLQYROYHGFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUVZKHUHPRUHWKDQWZRDUH,WLVDIDFWWKDWLQPRVW
FDVHV ZKHUH WKHUH DUH FXOWXUDO GLIIHUHQFHV UHOHYDQW WR SKLORVRSK\ WKHUH ZLOO EH PRUH
WKDQWZRFXOWXUDOWUDGLWLRQVFRQFHUQHG7KHUHE\PRUHFRPSOH[FRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQVDQG
PRUHUHDOLVWLFLQWHUDFWLRQVDUHWREHH[SHFWHG
 ,W JRHV ZLWKRXW VD\LQJ WKDW EHLQJ REMHFWLYHO\ PRVW FRPSHWHQW KHUH GRHV QRW PHDQ
DFNQRZOHGJHG:KDWHOVHFDQLWPHDQ")DFWXDOFRQGLWLRQVRISKLORVRSKLFSURGXFWLYLW\



)UDQ]0DUWLQ:LPPHU

FKHGXHGLHVVLVLDQRSXEEOLFDWLLQLQJOHVHXQRGHOO
8QLYGL+DUYDUGO
DOWUR
GHOO
8QLYGL1DLUREL,OWHU]RqLQDUDERPHQWUHLOTXDUWRFRQVLVWHLQXQLQVH
JQDPHQWRRUDOHGLXQVDJJLRLQGLJHQRGHOODUHJLRQHDQGLQD,QTXHVWDVLWXD
]LRQHFLVLSXzDWWHQGHUHFKHQHOGLVFRUVRLQWHUQD]LRQDOHODSULPDRSHUDGHE
EDHVVHUHSUHVDLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHODVHFRQGDSRVVDHVVHUHVHQ]
DOWURLJQRUDWD
HFKHQHVVXQRDEELDELVRJQRGLGDUHLPSRUWDQ]DDGDOWUHYRFLSHUHVSULPHUVL
LQ PRGR FRPSHWHQWH VXOOD TXHVWLRQH 4XHVWR VLJQLILFD FKH OD ILORVRILD VRJ
JLDFHDFRQGL]LRQLFKHULVSHFFKLDQRUDSSRUWLGLIRU]DHQRQDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
ODTXDOLWjGHJOLDUJRPHQWL
1RQ VRQR SRL GD VRWWRYDOXWDUH DQFKH QHOO
HSRFD GL ,QWHUQHW OH GLVX
JXDJOLDQ]HUHJLRQDOLLQPHULWRDOODGLVSRQLELOLWjGLLQIRUPD]LRQLHDOWUHULVRU
VHLQROWUHORFDOLVLWXD]LRQLFRQIHVVLRQDOLRUHOLJLRVHSRVVRQRLPSHGLUHODOL
EHUDGLVFXVVLRQHHWF/HVILGHVRQRSHUFLzSLJUDQGLGHLVXFFHVVLPDQLIHVWL
PDqJLjXQVXFFHVVRVHVLFRPSUHQGHFKHODILORVRILDLQXQPRQGRJOREDOHVL
WURYDDSSXQWRDGRYHUDIIURQWDUHWDOLVILGH 
4XHVWLRQL DIILQL VL SRQJRQR DQFKH LQ DOWUL DPELWL GL SHQVLHUR QHOOH
VFLHQ]H GHOOD FXOWXUD R VRFLDOLRQHOODWHRULDSRVWFRORQLDOH3HUTXHVW
XOWLPD
LQ SDUWLFRODUH F
q XQD VSHFLH GL DIILQLWj QDWXUDOH SHU YLD GHOOD QHFHVVLWj GL
XQ
LQGDJLQHVXOSLDQRGHOODFULWLFDGHOO
LGHRORJLDGHOOHFRQGL]LRQLPHQWDOL
GL GRPLQLR SURSULH GHOO
HSRFD GHO FRORQLDOLVPR ,R YHGR SHUz TXL XQ SDUD
GRVVRGDXQODWR OD ILORVRILD QRQ SXz GLPHQWLFDUHLQQHVVXQDTXHVWLRQH
DQFRUDSUHVHQWHVXOSLDQRWHRUHWLFRFKHHVVDLQXQDIDVHLPSRUWDQWHGHOVXR
VYLOXSSRQRQVRORKDFULWLFDWRSRFRLOFRORQLDOLVPRHDOWUHLGHRORJLHGLGR
PLQLRUD]]LVPRVHVVLVPRFXOWXUDOLVPRHWFPDVLqDQFKHGLPRVWUDWDXWLOH
DOODORURGLIIXVLRQH6LWUDWWDGLXQSUREOHPDHGLXQDVILGDSULRULWDULSHUILOR
GRQRWQHFHVVDULO\JLYHDWUXHDFFRXQWRIZKDWLVPRVWLPSRUWDQWLQWKHILHOGZLWKUHVSHFW
WRQHHGVRIKXPDQLW\1RUGRHVIDFWXDOLQIRUPDWLRQQHFHVVDULO\SURYLGHFXOWXUDOO\XQEL
DVHG NQRZOHGJH 7KHUHIRUH FRXQWHUIDFWXDO FULWHULD IRU YDOXDWLQJ WKH ZRUWK RI LGHDV DW
OHDVWKDYHWREHLPDJLQHGHYHQLIRQHQHYHUFDQEHVXUHDERXWWKHLUDGHTXDF\6XFKFUL
WHULDPLJKWFRXQWHUDFWWRRQH
VWUXVWLQWKHZLVGRPRIFKDQJLQJPDLQVWUHDPV
 4XHVWLRQVOLNHWKHVHDUHDULVLQJLQRWKHUILHOGVRIWKLQNLQJWRRLQFXOWXUDODQGVRFLDOVFL
HQFHVRULQSRVWFRORQLDOWKHRU\7KHODWWHULVSDUWLFXODUO\FORVHO\UHODWHGWRLQWHUFXOWXUDO
SKLORVRSK\ EHFDXVH RI WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI DQ LGHRORJ\FULWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI PHQWDO SRZHU
UHODWLRQVKLSVWKDWUHVXOWVIURPWKHHQGRIWKHSHULRGRIFRORQLDOLVP

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



VRILHILORVRIHFKHDSSDUWHQJRQRDGXQDWUDGL]LRQHRFFLGHQWDOH/HULFHUFKHH
JOL VYLOXSSL WHRULFL GHL SRVWFRORQLDO VWXGLHV FRVu FRPH TXHOOL GHL FXOWXUDO
VWXGLHVHGLQJHQHUDOHGLXQDVFLHQ]DFULWLFDGHOODFXOWXUDQRQGHEERQRTXLQ
GLHVVHUHLJQRUDWLGDOODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOH1RLILORVRILRFFLGHQWDOLQRQ
GREELDPRWDUGDUHDFRPSUHQGHUHFKHFRVDDEELDVLJQLILFDWRODFRORQL]]D]LR
QHGHOPRQGRLQHSRFDPRGHUQDSHULOSHQVLHURILORVRILFRFLRqODULGX]LRQH
GHOODUDJLRQHXPDQDDOODIRUPDFKHHVVDKDDVVXQWRLQXQDFXOWXUDFRPH
GHOUHVWRDQFKHLQXQVHVVRHLQXQDUD]]DHLQTXHVWRVHQVRQRQSRVVLDPR
PDLGLPHQWLFDUHTXHVWDVWRULD&KHODGLPHQWLFKLQRILORVRILHILORVRIHGHOO
$
IULFDRGHOO
$VLDqLQRJQLFDVRPHQRYHURVLPLOH
'
DOWUD SDUWH SHUz L ILORVRIL GL TXDOVLYRJOLD SURYHQLHQ]DWUDGL]LRQH R
DSSDUWHQHQ]D FXOWXUDOH GHEERQR GLPHQWLFDUH LO FRORQLDOLVPR LO UD]]LVPR H
WXWWHOHGLVFULPLQD]LRQLOHJDWHDOGRPLQLRTXDQGRIDQQRDVVLHPHSUDWLFDIL
ORVRILFDFLRqTXDQGRFRQO
DLXWRGHLORURULVSHWWLYLFRQFHWWLPHWRGLHFRQR
VFHQ]HYRJOLRQRODYRUDUHLQFRPXQHDOODULVROX]LRQHGLSUREOHPLFKHULJXDU
GDQRWXWWLJOLXRPLQLQHLTXDOLVLPLUDDULVXOWDWLFKHGHEERQRHVVHUHYDOLGL
SHUWXWWL$OODILORVRILDDQFKHDOODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHqLQHUHQWHO
DVSLUD
]LRQHDOO
XQLYHUVDOLWj

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



L Ermeneutica interculturale dopo Hegel

-RVHSK3UDEKX,
8QLYHUVLWjGHOOD&DOLIRUQLD/$

Abstract
7KLVDUWLFOHH[DPLQHVWKHSUHVXSSRVLWLRQVLPSOLFDWLRQVDQGJRDOVRIFURVVFXOWXUDOKHUPH
QHXWLFV5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUGHILQHVWKHSDUWLFXODUKHUPHQHXWLFVLQYROYHGLQWKHFDVHRIFURVV
FXOWXUDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJDVDGLDWRSLFDOKHUPHQHXWLFVEHFDXVHZHDUHWU\LQJWREULGJHWKH
GLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHFXOWXUHVZKLFKKDYHGLIIHUHQWKRUL]RQVRILQWHOOLJLELOLW\WRS
RL DQG GLIIHUHQW ZRUOGYLHZV 7KHUH LV D ZKROH VHW RI HSLVWHPRORJLFDO D[LRORJLFDO DQG
PRUDOSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV IRU VXFK XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ZKLFK , WU\ WR HOXFLGDWH KLVWRULFDOO\
WKURXJKWKUHHKLVWRULFDOHSRFKVZKLFKDOVRSURYLGHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRUPRGHOVRIKHU
PHQHXWLFDOVW\OH7KHILUVWVXFKW\SHLVDWULXPSKDOLVWPRGHOZKLFK,FDOOWKHKHUPHQHXWLFV
RI VXSHUVHVVLRQ DQG ZKLFK , LOOXVWUDWH LQ WHUPV RI +HJHOV WUHDWPHQW RI ,QGLDQ SKLORVRSK\
DQGFXOWXUH,WLVVXSHUVHVVLRQLVWEHFDXVH+HJHOLVFRPPLWWHGWRDOLQHDUSKLORVRSK\RIKLV
WRU\WKDWFXOPLQDWHVLQWKHWULXPSKRIPRGHUQ:HVW,DQDO\]H+HJHOVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVRI,Q
GLDQFXOWXUHLQWHUPVRIIRXUUKHWRULFDODQGDUJXPHQWDWLYHVWUDWHJLHVKLV(XURFHQWULVP
KLVJHQHUDOVWDQFHWRZDUGVRWKHUQHVVDQGGLIIHUHQFHWKHWHPSRUDODQGVSDWLDOGLVWDQFH
WKDWKHHVWDEOLVKHVEHWZHHQ(XURSHDQG,QGLDDQGILQDOO\LQWKHUHODWLRQVRIWKHNQRZHU
WRWKHNQRZQ7KHVHVWUDWHJLHVDOORZ+HJHOWRGHSLFW,QGLDQFXOWXUHDVJHQHUDOO\SULPLWLYH
LQVXIILFLHQWO\UDWLRQDODQGQRQFRQGXFLYHWRIUHHGRP,QDIDPRXVLPDJH+HJHOGHSLFWVWKH
VXQDVULVLQJLQWKH(DVWEXWVHWWLQJLQWKH:HVWDQGLWLVIURPWKH:HVWWKDWWKH2ZORI0L
QHUYDWKHV\PERORIULSHSKLORVRSKLFDOZLVGRPVSUHDGVLWVZLQJV
7KHVHFRQGPRGHORIKHUPHQHXWLFVLVWKHSRVWFRORQLDORQHZKLFK,GHVLJQDWHDKHUPHQHX
WLFVRIFRQWHVWDWLRQ3RVWFRORQLDODLPVDWDGHFRORQL]DWLRQRIWKH:HVWHUQPLQGDGHFRQ
VWUXFWLRQRIWKHIRUPVRIWKRXJKWVHQVLELOLW\DQGLPDJLQDWLRQWKDWOHGWRFRORQLDOLVPLQWKH
ILUVWSODFHDQGSHUSHWXDWHLWVFRQWLQXDWLRQ7KLVLQYROYHVLQJHQHUDODIXOOIOHGJHGFULWLTXH
RI(XURFHQWULVPDQGWKHFODLPHGLQWHOOHFWXDOVRYHUHLJQW\DQGGRPLQDQFHRI(XURSH,VXE
MHFWDOOIRXUDUJXPHQWDWLYHVWUDWHJLHVRI+HJHOSUHYLRXVO\PHQWLRQHGWRSRVWFRORQLDOFUL
WLTXH7KHWKLUGPRGHO,FDOOWKHKHUPHQHXWLFVRIWUXHLQWHUVXEMHFWLYLW\ZKHUHVXEMHFWVGLD
ORJXH ZLWK RQH DQRWKHU IURP D SRVLWLRQ RI EDVLF HTXDOLW\  SROLWLFDO DQG LQWHOOHFWXDO 7KLV
PRGHO EHORQJV WR ZKDW , FDOO WKH JOREDO PRPHQW PDGH SRVVLEOH E\ WKH SUHYDOHQFH RI
JOREDOL]DWLRQ7KHQHHGIRUVXFKDKHUPHQHXWLFVLVUHQGHUHGXUJHQWE\WKHFULWLFDOJOREDO
VLWXDWLRQLQZKLFKZHILQGRXUVHOYHVZKHUHZHDUHFRQIURQWHGE\JOREDOFKDOOHQJHVWKDWFDOO
IRUJOREDODQGJHQXLQHO\FURVVFXOWXUDOVROXWLRQVWKDWVKRXOGEHDUULYHGDWLQDQGWKURXJK
DGLDORJXHEHWZHHQHTXDOVXEMHFWV



-RVHSK3UDEKX

(
GLYHQWDWRXQOXRJRFRPXQHGLUHFKHRJJLYLYLDPRLQXQPRQGRJOR
EDOH *UD]LH DOOH PHUDYLJOLH GHOOD WHFQRORJLD LO WHPSR H OR VSD]LR VL VRQR
FRQWUDWWLHVLDPROHWWHUDOPHQWHLQYDVLGDOOHLQQRYD]LRQLSURGRWWHQHLSLORQ
WDQLDQJROLGHOPRQGR,QWHUQHWLYLDJJLLQDHUHRHO
LPPLJUD]LRQHFLKDQQR
WXWWLDYYLFLQDWL DOPHQRLQVHQVRILVLFRPD XQD WDOH SURVVLPLWjQRQSXzQH
FHVVDULDPHQWH LPSOLFDUH XQD SL SURIRQGD FRPSUHQVLRQH H DFFHWWD]LRQH JOL
XQLGHJOLDOWUL$OFRQWUDULRODJOREDOL]]D]LRQHKDDQFKHSURGRWWRO
LPSHULDOL
VPRRFFXOWRVHOYDJJLWULEDOLVPLHWQLFLHIRQGDPHQWDOLVPLUHOLJLRVLFKHDOLH
QDQRHGHVFOXGRQRSHUVRQHGDDPELWLGLDFFRJOLHQ]DHGLULVSHWWR,QJHQHUD
OHqJLXVWRGLUHFKHODJOREDOL]]D]LRQHKDILQRUDDVVXQWRXQDIRUPDLQJUDQ
SDUWHHFRQRPLFDHWHFQRORJLFDPDFKHODWHUUDGHOODJOREDOL]]D]LRQHFXOWXUD
OHVSLULWXDOHDOPHQRQHOVHQVRVWUHWWRGHOULVSHWWRHDSSUH]]DPHQWRUHFLSURFR
GHOOHSHUVRQHFKHYLVLVRQRSLDYYLFLQDWHqDQFRUDPROWRORQWDQD
(
LQ TXHVWR FRQWHVWR SDUWLFRODUH FKH YRJOLR FROORFDUH OHUPHQHXWLFD
LQWHUFXOWXUDOHFKHqLOWHQWDWLYRGLDWWUDYHUVDUHLFRQILQLFXOWXUDOLHGHQWUDUH
QHOO
RUL]]RQWHHQHOODYLVLRQHGHOPRQGRGLXQ
DOWUDFXOWXUDDYROWHGHOWXWWR
HVWUDQHDDOODQRVWUD6DSSLDPRGD+HLGHJJHUH*DGDPHULPRWLYLSHUFXLFL
WURYLDPRJLjLQXQFLUFRORHUPHQHXWLFR0DFRPHIDFFLDPRDFDSLUHTXDOFR
VDFKHqHVWUDQHRDOQRVWURDPELWR"6HXQRFFLGHQWDOHFHUFDGLFRPSUHQGHUHL
YDUL VLJQLILFDWL GHOOD SDUROD ,QGLFD  GKDUPD FKH q YDULDPHQWH WUDGRWWD FRQ
OHJJH GRYHUH GLULWWR ULWR VWLOH GL YLWD HFF GLYHQWD VXELWR HYLGHQWH FKH OD
SDURODKDXQVHQVRVRORDOO
LQWHUQRGLXQTXDGURFRVPRORJLFRPRUDOH FKHq
PROWRGLYHUVRGDOODPELWRVRFLDOHGHOO
2FFLGHQWHPRGHUQR6LWUDWWDTXLGLXQ
VHQVR ROLVWLFR FKHFLLPSRQHGLFRPSUHQGHUHXQLQVLHPHVRFLDOH DO GL Oj GL
TXDOVLDVLFRQFHWWRSDUWLFRODUHHGLVYLOXSSDUHXQDGLDOHWWLFDGHOOLQWHURHGHOOD
SDUWHLQFXLFLDVFXQRPHWWHLQOXFHO
DOWUR
5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUGHILQLVFHO
HUPHQHXWLFDSDUWLFRODUHULFKLHVWDQHOFDVR
GLXQDFRPSUHQVLRQHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHHUPHQHXWLFDGLDWRSLFDLQTXDQWRHVVD
FHUFDGLFROPDUHODGLVWDQ]DWUDGXHRSLFXOWXUHFKHKDQQRGLYHUVLRUL]]RQWL
GLLQWHOOLJLELOLWjWRSRLHYLVLRQLGHOPRQGRGLIIHUHQWL9LqWXWWDXQDVHULHGL
FRQGL]LRQL HSLVWHPRORJLFKH H SROLWLFRPRUDOL SHU WDOH FRPSUHQVLRQH FKH
VSHUR GL FKLDULUH LQ TXHVWD SUHVHQWD]LRQH /R IDUz WXWWDYLD DWWUDYHUVR WUH

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



HSRFKHVWRULFKHWUHPRPHQWLVWRULFLQHOSHUFRUVRGHOOHUPHQHXWLFDLQWHUFXO
WXUDOH,OSXQWRGLTXHVWRHVHUFL]LRVWRULFRqTXHOORGLLOOXVWUDUHLQQHJDWLYR
SHU LPSRVWD]LRQH SUHGHILQLWD SHU FRVu GLUH L UHTXLVLWL IRUPDOL H PDWHULDOL
GHOOHUPHQHXWLFDLQWHUFXOWXUDOH9RJOLRFRPLQFLDUHPRVWUDQGRDOFXQLDVSHWWL
GHOOLQFRQWURGL+HJHOFRQO
,QGLD

Incontro di Hegel con l'India

&L VRQR IRUVH TXDWWUR FDUDWWHULVWLFKH LQWHUFRQQHVVH GHOOD QDUUDWLYD
RULHQWDOLVWDGL+HJHOFKHYRUUHLVRWWROLQHDUHVHFRQGRTXHVWDSURVSHWWLYD
OLQGLVFXWLELOHHWULRQIDOLVWLFRHXURFHQWULVPRGL+HJHO
LOVXRDWWHJJLDPHQWRYHUVRO
DOWHULWjHODGLIIHUHQ]D
ODGLVWDQ]DWHPSRUDOHHVSD]LDOHGHOODFXOWXUDLQGLDQDHODVXDFRQVHJQDDG
XQSDVVDWRDUFDLFR
ODUHOD]LRQHSDUWLFRODUHGHOVRJJHWWRFRQRVFHQWHFRQORJJHWWRFRQRVFLXWR
1. Eurocentrismo di Hegel &UHGR GL DYHU JLj GHWWR DEEDVWDQ]D SHU
VSLHJDUHTXHVWRDWWHJJLDPHQWR&LzFKHDIIDVFLQDSHUzLQXQSHQVDWRUHULJR
URVRFRPH+HJHOqRVVHUYDUHLOPRGRLQFXLWDOHHXURFHQWULVPRqVSLHJDWRH
OHJLWWLPDWR 6LVWHPD ORJLFR H VYLOXSSR VWRULFR VRQR SHUIHWWDPHQWH IXVL QHO
SHQVLHURGL+HJHO/DILORVRILDGXQTXHQRQVRORKDXQDVWRULDqHVVDVWHVVD
ODVWRULDFRVLFFKqODVHTXHQ]DGHLVLVWHPLILORVRILFLQHOODVWRULDULVSHFFKLDL
SURJUHVVL GHOOD ORJLFD /R 6SLULWR $VVROXWR UDSSUHVHQWD VLD LO WHORV FKH LO
IRQGDPHQWRGHOVLVWHPDGL+HJHOHGqVLDRQQLFRPSUHQVLYRFKHLQGLYHQLUH
DXWRFRPSUHQVLRQHODWHVLDSSHQDPHQ]LRQDWDGHOODXWRWUDVSDUHQ]DHTXH
VWDFRQVXPD]LRQHqOXQLFRULVXOWDWRGHOO(XURSDPRGHUQD,OVROHSXzVRUJH
UHLQ2ULHQWHPDFDODLQ2FFLGHQWHHGqGDOO
2FFLGHQWHFKHODFLYHWWDGL0L
QHUYDVSLFFDLOYROR
+HJHO IX VHQ]D DOFXQ GXEELR XQLFR QHO VXR HXURFHQWULVPR XQ DWWHJ
JLDPHQWRDGRWWDWRGDOODPDJJLRUSDUWHGHLSHQVDWRULGHOVXRWHPSRVHEEHQH
HJOLGDVRORIRUQLVFDXQDVSLHJD]LRQHORJLFRVWRULFDHGXQDJLXVWLILFD]LRQHGL
WDOH HXURFHQWULVPR &Lz QRQ GRYUHEEH VRUSUHQGHUH VH VL FRQVLGHUDQR JOL
HTXLOLEUL GHO SRWHUH HFRQRPLFR SROLWLFR H FXOWXUDOH GHO PRPHQWR VWRULFR
4XHVWRHXURFHQWULVPRKDDOPHQRGXHDVSHWWLGLVWLQWLPDFRUUHODWLLQSULPR



-RVHSK3UDEKX

OXRJR OD QHJD]LRQH GHOOD UD]LRQDOLWj GHOO

DXWRGHWHUPLQD]LRQH H LQ XOWLPD
DQDOLVLGHOODVWHVVDXPDQLWjYHUVRLSRSROLQRQHXURSHLHLQVHFRQGROXRJR
XQ
LGHD HVVHQ]LDOLVWD GHOOD QDWXUD XPDQD H FRVD VLJQLILFKL HVVHUH XPDQL QHO
PRPHQWRLQFXLVLVRVWHQJDXQDWDOHQHJD]LRQH/
DWWULEX]LRQHGLEDUEDULHH
SULPLWLYLWj IDWWD DJOL DVLDWLFL q XQD IRUPD GL GDUZLQLVPR VRFLDOH H VWRULFR
FXOPLQDQWH FRQ OXRPRELDQFR HXURSHR VHFRQGR FXL WXWWL H WUH L SUHGLFDWL
DQFKHVHQRQHVSOLFLWDWLUDSSUHVHQWDQRHYLGHQWHPHQWHXQHTXD]LRQHGLQR
]LRQLSDUWLFRODULFRPHODUD]LRQDOLWjODOLEHUWjHODFXOWXUDFRQXPDQLWjH
QDWXUDXPDQDLQTXDQWRWDOL
2. La posizione di Hegel verso l'alterit e la differenza. /
LURQLD GL
XQWDOHHXURFHQWULVPRQHOFDVRGL+HJHOqFKHHJOLqQRWRSHUHVVHUHXQILOR
VRIR GHOOD GLIIHUHQ]DOD FXLGLDOHWWLFDqJXLGDWDGDOODQHJD]LRQH SRVWD GDOO
DOWHULWj&RPHPROWLUHFHQWLFRPPHQWDWRULGD.LHUNHJDDUGH$GRUQRD/pYL
QDVH'HUULGDKDQQRRVVHUYDWRO
DOWURLQTXDQWRDOWURFRQODVXDUDSSUHVHQWD
]LRQHHGDXWRFRPSUHQVLRQHQRQqYLVWRQHOODVXDLUULGXFLELOHHVWHULRULWjPD
SLXWWRVWRDXIJHKREHQHULDVVRUELWRDOO
LQWHUQRGHOODXWRLGHQWLWjGHOOR6SLULWR
'LFRQVHJXHQ]DFRPH/pYLQDVKDHVSUHVVRVLQWHWLFDPHQWHO
DOWHULWjQRQKD
XQDPHWDILVLFDLQGLYLGXDOHIXRULGDFLzFKHqRQWRORJLFDPHQWHLOPHGHVLPR
VLWUDWWDVHPSOLFHPHQWHGLXQPRPHQWRDOOLQWHUQRGHOODORJLFDGHO0HGH
VLPR
>@ /D )HQRPHQRORJLD KHJHOLDQD OD FXL DXWRFRVFLHQ]D q OD GLVWLQ]LRQH GL
FLzFKHQRQqGLVWLQWRHVSULPHO
XQLYHUVDOLWjGHOORVWHVVRLGHQWLILFDUVLQHOO
DO
WHULWjGHJOLRJJHWWLSHQVDWLQRQRVWDQWHO
RSSRVL]LRQHGLVpDVHVWHVVL 

4XHVWD LPSODFDELOH ORJLFD GHOOLGHQWLWj ,GHQWLWDWVORJLN SHU XVDUH XQ

WHUPLQH GL $GRUQR LO GLVWLQJXHUH TXHOOR FKH QRQ q  RQWRORJLFDPHQWH YHUD
PHQWH GLVWLQWRqPHVVRFKLDUDPHQWHLQULOLHYRGDOODWWHJJLDPHQWRGL+HJHO
YHUVRO
,QGLD'DXQODWRGDXQSXQWRGLYLVWDVWRULFRHFXOWXUDOH+HJHOYXR
OHUHQGHUHODGLVWDQ]DVSLULWXDOHLOSLJUDQGHSRVVLELOH
/
HXURSHRFKHYDGDOOD3HUVLDDOO
,QGLDRVVHUYDSHUFLzXQFRQWUDVWRSURGLJLR
VR0HQWUHQHOSDHVHSUHFHGHQWHVLULWURYDDQFRUDXQSR
DFDVDQRQDSSH
QDDWWUDYHUVDO
,QGRLQFRQWUDOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHSLUHSHOOHQWLFKHSHUYDGRQR
RJQLVLQJRODSDUWHGHOODVRFLHWj 


(/HYLQDV0HWDSK\VLFVDQG7UDQVFHQGHQFHLQ7RWDOLW\DQG,QILQLW\
+HJHO)LORVRILDGHOODVWRULD

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



'
DOWUDSDUWHSHUzTXHVWHGLIIHUHQ]HPLQDFFLRVHQRQVWDQQRLQSLHGLH

GDOSXQWRGLYLVWDRQWRORJLFRVRQRSRUWDWHDOO
LQWHUQRGLXQDVWRULDHYROXWLYD
XQLWDULDHOLQHDUHTXHOODGHOOR6SLULWR$VVROXWRHFRQVHJQDWHDGXQRVWDGLR
SULPLWLYRGLWDOHVWRULDRUPDLGHOWXWWRVXSHUDWR/DSULPLWLYLWjVLULYHODDQ
FRUDSLSRWHQWHQHOOHLPPDJLQLGHOOLQIDQ]LDHGHOORVWDWRGLVRJQRFKHQH
JDQRODSLHQDLQGLYLGXDOLWjLQGLDQD1pFLVRQRPROWHVSHUDQ]HSHUXQFDP
ELDPHQWR SUHYLVWRLQIXWXURD FDXVDGHOO LUUHYHUVLELOLWj WHPSRUDOHHORJLFD
GHOODPDUFLDGHOOR6SLULWRDWWUDYHUVRODVWRULD
3. Il distanziamento temporale e spaziale1RQqXQFDVRFKH+HJHO
FRQJLXQJDODGLVWDQ]DJHRJUDILFDHWHPSRUDOHGHOO$VLDFODVVLILFDQGRODFRQ
4XDH3LLQOj1HOODVXDIHQRPHQRORJLDGHOOHUHOLJLRQLGHOPRQGROH
UHOLJLRQLSHUVLDQHHHJL]LDQHVRQRFROORFDWHQHOODFDWHJRULDGHOOHUHOLJLRQLGHO
SDVVDJJLR GDO QDWXUDOH DOOR VSLULWXDOH  HG LQFDUQDQR DOFXQL DVSHWWL GHOOD
VRJJHWWLYLWj FRQVDSHYROH PHQWUH OH UHOLJLRQL GHOOD &LQD H O
,QGLD VRQR VDO
GDPHQWH FROORFDWH QHOOD FDWHJRULD GHO 1DWXUDOH GRPLQDWD GD QR]LRQL GL
VRVWDQ]DSLXWWRVWRFKHGLVRJJHWWR(FRQTXHVWDFODVVLILFD]LRQHVLKDXQ
FHUWRUHYLVLRQLVPRVWRULFRULJXDUGRDOIDWWRFKHOHFLYLOWjFLQHVLHLQGLDQHVR
QRWUDWWDWHFRPHOHSLYHFFKLHLQPRGRGDHVVHUHDGDWWDWHDOODVXDSDUWLFR
ODUH QDUUD]LRQH GHOOD VWRULD GHO PRQGR 1DWXUDOPHQWH L SDHVL GHOO
$IULFD H
GHOO
$PHULFD/DWLQDVRQRGDOVXRSXQWRGLYLVWDIXRULGDOODPDSSDSHUFRVu
GLUH H WUDWWDWL FRPH QRQVWRULFL LQ FRQWUDVWR FRQ L SUHLVWRULFL XQD GL
VWLQ]LRQHFKHYDOHSHUO
,QGLDHOD&LQD
, SHUVLDQL VRQR LO SULPR SRSROR VWRULFR OD 3HUVLD q VWDWR LO SULPR ,PSHUR D
PRULUH0HQWUHOD&LQDHO
,QGLDULPDQJRQRIHUPHDSHUSHWXDUHXQHVLVWHQ]D
YHJHWDWLYDQDWXUDOHILQRDOWHPSRSUHVHQWHTXHVWDWHUUD>3HUVLD@qVWDWDRJJHW
WRGLWDOLVYLOXSSLHULYROX]LRQLFKHGDVROLPDQLIHVWDQRXQDFRQGL]LRQHVWRUL
FD 

-RKDQQHV)DELDQQHOVXROLEUR7LPHDQGWKH2WKHU+RZ$QWKURSROR
J\0DNHVLWV2EMHFWGHVFULYHTXHVWDGLIIHUHQ]LD]LRQHVWRULFDSDUWLFRODUHLQ
WHUPLQLGLQHJD]LRQHGHOODFRHYLWjLQWHQGHQGRVLDXQDSUHVDGLGLVWDQ]D
FURQRORJLFD FKH TXDOLWDWLYD 6L WUDWWD GL XQDGLVWLQ]LRQHXWLOHSHUFKp FLSHU
PHWWH GL GLVWLQJXHUH LO  SDVVDWR GHL *UHFLSHU HVHPSLRGDTXHOOR GHJOL ,Q


,ELG



-RVHSK3UDEKX

GLDQLH&LQHVL,OSULPRqXQDTXHVWLRQHFURQRORJLFDSHUFKpL*UHFLLQYLUW
GHO ORUR SDVVDWR  FRQWLQXDQR D FRQGLYLGHUH OH VWHVVH IRUPH GL SHQVLHUR LQ
TXDQWR(XURSHLPHQWUHLVHFRQGLDEEUDFFLDQRQRQVRORXQDGLVWDQ]DWHPSR
UDOHPDDQFKHVHFRQGRXQGLYDULRFXOWXUDOHXQDHVWUDQHLWjFKHGHYHHVVHUH
VLDVSLHJDWDFKHQHXWUDOL]]DWD
4. Il rapporto particolare tra conoscente e conosciuto. &Lz FKH PL
SUHPHVRWWROLQHDUHTXLqFLzFKH)RXFDXOWFKLDPDHSLVWHPHLOPRGRGLFR
QRVFHQ]DHODVXDVWUXWWXUD]LRQHVHFRQGRLUDSSRUWLGLSRWHUH4XHVWRVLGLIIH
UHQ]LDGDLSUHJLXGL]LFKHXQDSHUVRQDRXQDFXOWXUDSRVVRQRDYHUHQHLFRQ
IURQWLGLXQDOWUDFKHGDXQSXQWRGLYLVWDVWUXWWXUDOHFRQWHUHEEHURSLFRPH
HSLIHQRPHQR,QDOWUHSDUROHODSURIRQGLWjGHOODQDOLVLHUPHQHXWLFDDFTXLVWD
TXLXQIRFXVVSHFLILFRHSLVWHPLFR
,QPRGRVRPPDULRVLSRVVRQRIRFDOL]]DUHWUHSXQWL,QSULPROXRJRLQ
WHUPLQL GL RQWRORJLD VRFLDOH LO UDSSRUWR WUD VRJJHWWR FRQRVFHQWH H  RJJHW
WRFRQRVFLXWRQRQqXJXDOHRVLPPHWULFRDQFKHVHGDWRFKHVRQRHQWUDP
EL VRJJHWWL OD FRPSUHQVLRQH LQWHUVRJJHWWLYD FRPXQLFDWLYD VHPEUHUHEEH
QRUPDWLYD+HJHOFRPHDEELDPRYLVWRQHJDODVRJJHWWLYLWjDJOL,QGLDQLFRQ
VLGHUDWL QHO ORUR VWDWR YHJHWDWLYR QDWXUDOH ,O FRQRVFLWRUH (XURSHR VL SUH
VHQWDFRPH UD]LRQDOHFRQVDSHYROHHRJJHWWLYRPHQWUHJOL,QGLDQLVRQRUL
WUDWWLFRPHLUUD]LRQDOLVRJQDQWLHVRJJHWWLYL1HFRQVHJXHLQVHFRQGROXR
JRFKHODFRQRVFHQ]DHXURSHDGHJOL,QGLDQLqVXSHULRUHDOODORUR
FRQRVFHQ
]D GL VH VWHVVL FKH QHOOD PLVXUD GL FXL HVVL KDQQR FRVFLHQ]D ULVXOWHUHEEH
LQDGHJXDWDHQRQVFLHQWLILFDSHUFKp qLUULPHGLDELOPHQWH VRJJHWWLYD LPPH
GLDWDHLQDVVHQ]DGLPHGLD]LRQHGHLSULQFLSLHVVHQ]LDOPHQWHYXRWDRFRQ
IXVD)DWWDHFFH]LRQHSHULFODVVLFLUHOLJLRVLFKHOHJJHYDLQWUDGX]LRQHODOHW
WXUD GL +HJHO VXOO ,QGLD H OD ILORVRILD LQGLDQDLQSDUWLFRODUH q ULVWUHWWDDL
VROLFRPPHQWLVFULWWLGDJOL(XURSHL1RQVHPEUDDYHUOHWWRXQILORVRIRLQ
GLDQRQHPPHQRLQWUDGX]LRQH/RVWHVVRYDOHSHUODVXDFRQRVFHQ]DGLSUL
PDPDQRGHOODUWH,QGLDQDGLFXLQHLVXRLQXPHURVLVFULWWLULSRUWDGXHVROL
HVHPSL4XHVWRQRQJOLKDLPSHGLWRFRQVLGHUD]LRQLHORTXHQWLVXOOHVXHPROWH
FDUHQ]HFRPHYHLFRORGHOOR6SLULWR,QILQH+HJHOFUHGHYDVHULDPHQWHFKHJOL
,QGLDQLQRQIRVVHURLQJUDGRGLSRWHUPDLDFTXLVLUHGDVROLWDOHFRQRVFHQ]D
3LXWWRVWRLOVXRGLVFRUVRULSRQHILGXFLDQHOVXRVWHVVRSRWHUHGLUDSSUHVHQWD
UHO
,QGLDGLLQWHUSUHWDUODHVSLHJDUODQRQVRORLQ2FFLGHQWHPDDJOL,QGLDQL

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



VWHVVL +HJHO VDUHEEH VWDWR LQ SLHQR DFFRUGR FRQ O

DIIHUPD]LRQH GL 0DU[
HVSUHVVD LQ XQ GLYHUVR FRQWHVWR 1RQ SRVVRQR UDSSUHVHQWDUH VH VWHVVL PD
GHYRQR HVVHUH UDSSUHVHQWDWL 7KH (LJKWHHQWK %UXPDLUH RI 1DSROHRQH %R
QDSDUWH

Il momento post-coloniale
'XH HYHQWL VRSUDWWXWWR VHJQDQR LO JUDQGH FDPELDPHQWR WUD OHSRFD GL
+HJHOHODQRVWUDLQSULPROXRJRO
LQGLSHQGHQ]DSROLWLFDYLQWDGDJOLH[VWDWL
FRORQLDOL DFFRPSDJQDWD GD XQ DXWRDIIHUPD]LRQH FKH VILGD OH LPSRVL]LRQL
GHLORURSUHFHGHQWLGRPLQDWRULLQVHFRQGROXRJRTXHOODFKHqVWDWDFKLDPDWD
OD SROLWLFD GHOOD GLIIHUHQ]D  OD VILGD GHOOH HJHPRQLH FXOWXUDOL H SROLWLFKH
RUPDLFRQVROLGDWHHGHOOHYLVLRQLGHOPRQGRGRPLQDQWLOHSUDWLFKHHOHLVWL
WX]LRQL4XHVWLRQLGLUD]]DHWQLDFODVVHHVHVVRVRQRRUDYLVWLFRPHHOHPHQWL
FUXFLDOL QHOOD GHFRVWUX]LRQH GL RSLQLRQL H DWWHJJLDPHQWL HJHPRQLFL 4XHVWH
GXH FRQGL]LRQL RYYLDPHQWH KDQQR PROWR LQ FRPXQH UDSSUHVHQWDQR LO SR
WHQ]LDPHQWRGLJUXSSLILQRUDVRJJLRJDWLHGHPDUJLQDWLQHOODORURORWWDFRQWUR
OHLVWLWX]LRQLUDGLFDWH,QVLHPHFRVWLWXLVFRQRTXHOORFKHLRFKLDPRLOPRPHQ
WRSRVWFRORQLDOH
,O3RVWFRORQLDOLVPRqXQFRQFHWWRGLDOHWWLFRFKHVHJQDGDXQODWROD
ORWWDFRQWURLOFRORQLDOLVPRLQWXWWHOHVXHGLYHUVHIRUPHSROLWLFKHHFRQRPL
FKHPLOLWDULHFXOWXUDOLQHOODULFHUFDSHUO
LQGLSHQGHQ]DHODVRYUDQLWjHG
DO
WUD SDUWH OD WULVWH UHDOWj GL XQ QXRYR FRQWHVWR LPSHULDOLVWD GL GRPLQLR HFR
QRPLFRHWDOYROWDSROLWLFRFXOWXUDOH/DFULWLFDSRVWFRORQLDOHVHJQDODIDVHLQ
FXL O
HVSHULHQ]D SROLWLFD H FXOWXUDOH GHOOH SHULIHULH HPDUJLQDWH GHO PRQGR
GRPLQDWRGDOO
2FFLGHQWHSRWUHEEHHVVHUHVYLOXSSDWDLQXQDSRVL]LRQHWHRULFD
GLFDUDWWHUHJHQHUDOHFKHSRWUHEEHFRQWUDVWDUHOHJHPRQLDSROLWLFDLQWHOOHW
WXDOHHDFFDGHPLFDRFFLGHQWDOH/DWHRULDSRVWFRORQLDOHqVWDWDSURJHWWDWDSHU
DQQXOODUH O
HUHGLWj LGHRORJLFD GHO FRORQLDOLVPR QRQ VROR QHL SDHVL GHFROR
QL]]DWLPDDQFKHLQ2FFLGHQWH4XHOORFKHVLFHUFDqXQDGHFRORQL]]D]LRQH
GHOODPHQWHRFFLGHQWDOHXQDGHFRVWUX]LRQHGHOOHIRUPHGLSHQVLHURGLVHQVL
ELOLWjGLLPPDJLQD]LRQHFKHKDQQRSRUWDWRDOFRORQLDOLVPRLQSULPROXRJR
HDSHUSHWXDUQHODFRQWLQXD]LRQH&LzFRPSRUWDQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXQGHFHQ
WUDPHQWRGHOODVRYUDQLWjLQWHOOHWWXDOHHGHOGRPLQLRGHOO
(XURSDHXQDFULWLFD



-RVHSK3UDEKX

DOO (XURFHQWULVPR YDOH D GLUH DOODVVXQWRFKHLOSXQWRGLYLVWD RFFLGHQWDOH

VLDQRUPDWLYRHTXLQGLDXWRUL]]DWRDSDUODUHSHULOUHVWRGHOPRQGR/
LQWHU
URJD]LRQH H LO GHFHQWUDPHQWR GHO VDSHUH RFFLGHQWDOH SRUWDQR  WUD JOL DOWUL
FRPSLWLDULYDOXWDUHLVXRLOHJDPLFRQLOFRORQLDOLVPRHLOUD]]LVPRVILGDQ
GRODIRUPXOD]LRQHGHOODVWRULDRFFLGHQWDOHUDSSUHVHQWDWDFRPHXQRUGLQDWD
QDUUD]LRQHHYROXWLYDFKHVRWWRPHWWHHFRQVXPDWXWWHOHDOWUHVWRULHGHOPRQ
GRPHWWHQGRLQGLVFXVVLRQHLFDQRQLOHWWHUDULHFXOWXUDOLSHUOHVFOXVLRQHGL
VFULWWL FKH QRQ GHULYDQR GDO FHQWUR PHWURSROLWDQR HG LQROWUH  VYLOXSSDQGR
XQRVSD]LRGLDORJLFRSHUO
LQFRQWURGHOOHFXOWXUHRFFLGHQWDOLHQRQRFFLGHQWD
OLFRPHSDUWQHUVDOODSDUL(VVRQRPLQDOHDWWLYLWjRGLHUQHFRPHQXRYHVWR
ULH VXEDOWHUQH QXRYH LGHQWLWj H QXRYH FRQFHWWXDOL]]D]LRQL GHO PRQGR
WUDQVQD]LRQDOHSLXWWRVWRFKHRFFLGHQWDOHHFHUFDDWWUDYHUVRTXHVWHGLFRU
UHJJHUHJOLDWWXDOLVTXLOLEULGLSRWHUHULFFKH]]DHULVRUVHQHOODULFHUFDGLXQD
VRFLHWjSLJLXVWDHGXQPRQGRSLHTXR
4XDQGRVL VRWWRSRQJRQR  OH YLVLRQLGHOPRQGRDVVROXWLVWLFKHPRQR

ORJLFKHHWQRFHQWULFKHGL+HJHODOODFULWLFDSRVWFRORQLDOHVLFUHDXQRVSD]LR
SHUDOWUHYRFLHSRVVLELOLWj,OSOXUDOLVPRQRQqWXWWDYLDODSOXUDOLWjSXUDXQ
VRORIDWWRGLGLIIHUHQ]HHGLYHUVLWjPDSLXWWRVWRLOSUREOHPDVROOHYDWRTXDQ
GRTXHVWHGLYHUVHYRFLFRQWUDVWDQRQHLJLXGL]LGLYDORUHQHLUHFODPLGLYH
ULWjHQHOOHUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQL&KLDUULYDDUDSSUHVHQWDUHFKLDTXDOLFRQGL
]LRQLHSHUTXDOLVFRSL"&RPHVRQRVWUXWWXUDWHWDOLUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQLPHWR
GRORJLFDPHQWHHSLVWHPRORJLFDPHQWHHPRUDOPHQWH"4XDOqLOUDSSRUWRWUDL
UDSSRUWLGLSRWHUHHODSURGX]LRQHHODULFH]LRQHGHOODFRQRVFHQ]D"&KHFRVD
VXFFHGH DOOH SUREOHPDWLFKH GHOOD YHULWj H GHOOD YDOLGLWj TXDQGR VRQR LQWUR
GRWWHOHFRQVLGHUD]LRQLGLSRWHUHHUHWRULFD"1RQqSRVVLELOHQHOWHPSR FKH
KRDGLVSRVL]LRQHDIIURQWDUHWXWWHTXHVWHGRPDQGH4XHOORFKHSRVVRIDUHLQ
TXHVWDVHGHqWRUQDUHDOOHTXDWWURIXQ]LRQLSUHFHGHQWLLQGLYLGXDELOLQHOUDF
FRQWR RULHQWDOLVWD GL +HJHO H GL LQGLFDUH EUHYHPHQWH FRPH XQ HWKRV SRVW
FRORQLDOHOHSUREOHPDWL]]L
1. Eurocentrismo.,OWLSRGLHXURFHQWULVPRHVSOLFLWRVRVWHQXWRGD+H
JHOqRUDIRUWXQDWDPHQWHXQDFRVDGHOSDVVDWRHGXELWRFKHWURYLPROWLGLIHQ
VRULHFRQTXHVWRLQWHQGRHVVHUHSUHVRVXOVHULR1DWXUDOPHQWHDOLYHOORIDW
WXDOH FL VRQR DQFRUD FRORUR FKH FRQWLQXDQR DG HVVHUH QDWLYLVWL H [HQRIREL
UD]]LVWLHLPSHULDOLVWLFKHQRQKRELVRJQRGLULFRUGDUHPDDGXQOLYHOORILOR

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



VRILFR LO GLEDWWLWR VL q VSRVWDWR VX XQ WHUUHQR GLYHUVR 'D XQ ODWR FL VRQR
IRUPDOLVWL H VSLULWXDOLVWL FRPH +DEHUPDV H $SHO FKH LQ PRGL GLYHUVL VR
VWHQJRQR  XQD FRQFH]LRQH XQLYHUVDOH GHOOD UDJLRQH H GHOOD UDJLRQHYROH]]D
DOPHQR FRPH PRGR GL VWUXWWXUDUH OR VSD]LR SXEEOLFR DOO
LQWHUQR GHO TXDOH
YHQJRQR VROOHYDWH H FRQYDOLGDWH GLYHUVH ULYHQGLFD]LRQL H DIIHUPD]LRQL 
'DOO
DOWUD FL VRQR  SHQVDWRUL SL FRQWHVWXDOL H HUPHQHXWLFL  FRPH &KDUOHV
7D\ORU$ODVGDLU0DF,QW\UHH6WHSKHQ7RXOPLQFKHDSSRJJLDQRQR]LRQLGL
UDJLRQH GL FXOWXUDVSHFLILFD H FXOWXUDUHODWLYD 4XHVWR SHU LQTXDGUDUH LO GL
EDWWLWR LQ PRGR VHPSOLFH H JURVVRODQR  PD SXz HVVHUH VXIILFLHQWH D GLPR
VWUDUHFKHFLzFKHSDVVDSHUXQLYHUVDOHDQFKHDOLYHOORIRUPDOHWUDVFHQGHQ
WDOH QDVFRQGH XQ FHUWR HXURFHQWULVPR FKH GHYH HVVHUH GHFRVWUXLWR 1RQ F
q
SL PROWD VHQVLELOLWj YHUR L SUREOHPL VXVFLWDWL GDO SOXUDOLVPR FXOWXUDOH GL
+DEHUPDVHGDOODVXDLGHDGLFRPXQLFD]LRQHWHRULFDGHOOHUDJLRQLSXEEOLFKH
FKHDQFKHVHFRPHQR]LRQHIRUPDOHGLSURFHGXUDPLVHPEUDDQGDUHVXELWR
WURSSRLQOjHFRQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWHQRQDEEDVWDQ]DORQWDQR9DWURSSRORQ
WDQRSHUFKpVRORDOFXQLWLSLGLUDJLRQHFLRqTXHOOHGLVFRUVLYHGLWLSRDU
JRPHQWDWLYRVRQRDPPHVVHDOO
LQWHUQRGHOFDPSRFRPXQLFDWLYRLJQRUDQGRR
VXERUGLQDQGR OH QXPHURVH DOWUH PRGDOLWj GL FRPXQLFD]LRQH DIIHWWLYH JH
VWXDOL HG HVVHQ]LDOPHQWH SUDWLFKH ULVSHWWR DOOH WHRULFKH  FRQ FXL JOL XPDQL
VRQRLQUHOD]LRQHWUDORUR4XHVWDIHGHQHOPRQGRFRPHXQVHPLQDULRDFFD
GHPLFRqWRFFDQWHHSHUQRLILORVRILIRUVHOXVLQJKLHUDPDFRQVLGHUDWLLFRQ
IOLWWLUHDOLGHOPRQGRQRQPROWRFRQYLQFHQWH(VVDQRQYDDEEDVWDQ]DORQWD
QRSHUzSHUFKpLOODYRURSUHOLPLQDUHHGLIILFLOHGLVWDELOLUHXQDVXIILFLHQWH
FRPXQLFD]LRQH LQWHUFXOWXUDOH SHU YHGHUH OD  UDJLRQHYROH]]D GL DOWUH IHGL H
FXOWXUHUDGLFDOPHQWHDOWUHqLQFRUWRFLUFXLWR
,OSUREOHPDGHOODFRPSUHQVLRQHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHQRQSXzHVVHUHFROPDWR
GDTXHVWLDSSURFFLVRSUDWWXWWRVHVLFRQVLGHUDQRFXOWXUHLQFXLVLSHQVDFKH
OD UHDOWj VXSHUL JOL RUGLQL IHQRPHQRORJLFL H FRQFHWWXDOL VHQ]D QHFHVVDULD
PHQWH LQYDOLGDUH LO ORUR SURSULR OLYHOOR ,O SUREOHPD q TXHOOR GL FHUFDUH GL
FROPDUHODGLVWDQ]DWUDPRQGLUDGLFDOPHQWHGLYHUVLHLQFRPPHQVXUDELOLFLRq
PRQGLFKHPDQFDQRGLXQLQVLHPHFRPXQHGLUHJROHFRQFXLSRVVRQRHVVHUH
FRPSUHVH GLFKLDUD]LRQL ULFRQRVFLXWH  QHO ORUR YDORUH YHULWDWLYR /H JUDQGL
VILGHGHOODFRPXQLFD]LRQHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHVRQRDQFRUDGDYDQWLDQRLDVHFRQ
GD GL FRPH VL PXRYHUj LO SRWHUH SROLWLFR HG HFRQRPLFR GHL SDHVL GHOO
$VLD



-RVHSK3UDEKX

RULHQWDOHQHLSURVVLPLGHFHQQL,OSUREOHPDSULQFLSDOHqSROLWLFRHKDDFKH
IDUHFRQOHDVLPPHWULHHJOLVTXLOLEULGLSRWHUHFKHIRUPDQRHVWUXWWXUDQROD
SURGX]LRQH H OD ULFH]LRQH GHOOD FRQRVFHQ]D )LQR D FKH WDOL VTXLOLEUL QRQ
YHQJRQR FRUUHWWL OR VWXGLR GHOOH FXOWXUH QRQ HXURSHH VWD SHU HVVHUH FRQVH
JQDWR DO FDPSR GHJOL VWXGL GL OLQJXD H GL DUHD VXO SUHVXSSRVWR FKH HVVL
KDQQRSRFRGDFRQWULEXLUHDOODILORVRILDWUDGL]LRQDOHHDOOHVFLHQ]HVRFLDOLR
HUPHQHXWLFKH
2. Alterit e differenza. $QFKH LQ TXHVWR FDVR DOPHQR LQ WHRULD DE
ELDPRIDWWRPROWDVWUDGDGDOOD/RJLFDGL,GHQWLWjGL+HJHOQHOODGLUH]LRQHGHO
ULFRQRVFLPHQWRGHOOHGLIIHUHQ]HFKHVRQRLUULGXFLELOLDOODORJLFDGHO0HGH
VLPR /
DVFHVD GHOOHUPHQHXWLFD H GHO SHQVLHUR GHFRVWUXWWLYR KD SRUWDWR D
FDVDODOH]LRQHFKHqVRORGDXQDXWHQWLFRLQFRQWURFRQFLzFKHqHVWUDQHRH
GLYHUVRFKHVLSXzRWWHQHUHODFRPSUHQVLRQHVLDGHJOLDOWULFKHGLQRLVWHVVL
/
DOWURFRPH/pYLQDVKDGHWWRqXQDOWURFRQXQ
DOWHULWjFKHQRQqIRUPDOH
QRQqODVHPSOLFHLQYHUVLRQHGLLGHQWLWjHQRQqIRUPDWRGDOODUHVLVWHQ]DDOOR
VWHVVRPDqSUHFHGHQWHDGRJQLLQL]LDWLYDDGRJQLLPSHULDOLVPRGHOORVWHV
VR  DOWUR FRQ DOWHULWj FRVWLWXWLYD GHO UHDOH FRQWHQXWR GHOO
DOWUR H TXLQGL
LUULGXFLELOH SHU GHILQL]LRQH GHOOR 6WHVVR 7DOH LUULGXFLELOLWj  ID Vu FKH OR
VJXDUGR LQFRQWUL OR VJXDUGROD QDUUDWLYD LQFRQWUL OD QDUUDWLYD H OD FULWLFD OD
FRQWURFULWLFD/
LPSHURFRPH6DOPDQ5XVKGLHGLFHVFULYHGLQXRYR1DWX
UDOPHQWHGDWHOHDVLPPHWULHGLSRWHUHJUDQSDUWHGLTXHVWRVFULWWRqIDWWRGD
DXWRULDGGHVWUDWLLQ2FFLGHQWHFKHVLVRQRVSHVVRDOORQWDQDWLGDOOHORURFXO
WXUHFRPHLORURFROOHJKLRFFLGHQWDOLHSDUODQRXQDOLQJXDFKHPROWRVSHVVR
ULPXRYHOHORWWHHOHSUHRFFXSD]LRQLGHLYHULHPDUJLQDWL0DqXQSDVVRQHOOD
JLXVWDGLUH]LRQH
3. Distanziamento temporale e spaziale. 0ROWL GHJOL VWUDWDJHPPL
DGRWWDWLGD+HJHOSHUHVODUHWURFHVVLRQHDGXQSDVVDWRDUFDLFRLOVXSHUD
PHQWR H DVVRUELPHQWR DOO
LQWHUQR GL XQR VFKHPD GL VYLOXSSR OD VSLQWD DL
PDUJLQLGLTXHOOLFRQVLGHUDWLFRPHUDGLFDOPHQWHGLYHUVLVRQRVWDWLPHVVLGD
SDUWH 6HPSUH SL OD QRUPD PHWRGRORJLFD QHJOL VWXGL FXOWXUDOL H VRFLDOL q
FRPHHVSUHVVRGD)DELDQ,QFRQWUDUHO
DOWURVXOORVWHVVRWHUUHQRQHOORVWHV
VRWHPSR,OULFRQRVFLPHQWRGHOODGLIIHUHQ]DUHDOHHOHGLYHUVHIRUPHGLUH
ODWLYLVPRFKHKDJHQHUDWRQRQFRQVHQWRQRSLORVYLOXSSLVPRFKHFXOPLQD
FRPH5RQDOG,QGHQKDHVSUHVVRQHOO+RPR(XUR$PHULFDQXV(GLQILQH

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



4. La relazione del conoscente e conosciuto$QFKHLQTXHVWRFDVRLO

QXRYRFOLPDSOXUDOLVWLFRKDGLPRVWUDWRO
LOOHJLWWLPLWjGLPROWLGHLSUHVXSSRVWL
PRUDOLHHSLVWHPLFLDOODEDVHGHOSURJHWWRGL+HJHO$/DGGRYH+HJHOFRQ
VLGHUD O
DOWUR LQ GHILQLWLYD FRPH XQ RJJHWWR XQ RULHQWDPHQWR SOXUDOLVWD UL
FKLHGHXQDPHWRGRORJLDLQWHUVRJJHWWLYDLQFXLJOLDOWULVRQRFRQVLGHUDWLFR
PHVRJJHWWLDSLHQRWLWRORHQRQVRORFRPHIDVLGLXQVLVWHPDHYROXWLYR%
/
LQWHUVRJJHWWLYLWjHVLJHFKHTXHVWLVLDQRLQJUDGRDOPHQRGLULFRQRVFHUHVH
VWHVVLDQFKHVHQRQVHPSUHLQPRGRFRQFRUGHFRQODGHVFUL]LRQHIRUQLWD&
6H TXHVWR QRQ VL YHULILFDVVH GRYUHEEHUR HVVHUH DXWRUL]]DWL D FRQWHVWDUH OD
GHVFUL]LRQHDOOHORURFRQGL]LRQLLQYHFHGLHVVHUHFRVWUHWWLDSDUODUHXQDOLQ
JXD SDUWLFRODUPHQWH SULYLOHJLDWD ' /LQWHUVRJJHWWLYLWj YHUD GLVSRQH DQFKH
GHOODSUHWHVDGLRQQLVFLHQ]DVSHVVRIRUPXODWDLQWHUPLQLFRPHVFLHQWLILFR
XQLYHUVDOHHQHFHVVDULR
1DWXUDOPHQWH LO SUREOHPD VSHFLILFR GHOOHUPHQHXWLFD LQWHUFXOWXUDOH D
GLIIHUHQ]DGLTXHOODLQWUDFXOWXUDOHqSURSULRLOVXSHUDPHQWRGHOGLYDULRWUDOH
FXOWXUHVRSUDWWXWWRVHYHGLDPRFXOWXUHIRUQLUHHSLVWHPLFDPHQWHO
RUL]]RQWH
HQWURFXLYLHQHYLVWDODUHDOWjHFRVWUXLWLLPRQGL/DGGRYHVLULFKLHGDXQYH
UR LQFRQWUR LQWHUDWWLYR QRQ PL VHPEUD XWLOH ULFRUUHUH DOOHOHPHQWR WUDVFHQ
GHQWDOHFRPH+DEHUPDVH$SHOSHUHVHPSLRWHQGRQRDIDUH,QYHFHGLVWD
ELOLUHOHFRQGL]LRQLWUDVFHQGHQWDOLFKHLQRJQLFDVRVRQRIOXLGHPLVHPEUD
SL XWLOH SHQVDUH VHULDPHQWH DG XQ HIIHWWLYR GLDORJR LQWHUFXOWXUDOH ,Q FKH
PRGRVWUXWWXUDUHLOGLDORJR"/HUHJROHVRQRGDQHJR]LDUHQHOO
LQFRQWURSLXW
WRVWR FKH HVVHUH VSHFLILFDWH D SULRUL FRPH SUHFRQGL]LRQL /D ILVVD]LRQH GL
FRQGL]LRQLWUDVFHQGHQWDOLqWURSSRVSHVVRXQDFRSHUWXUDHXQDIXJDGDOODGLI
ILFROWjGLXQGLDORJRDSHUWR6LWUDWWDGLXQUHVLGXRLQIRUPDSLOLHYHGHOOR
VWHVVRFRORQLDOLVPRLQWHOOHWWXDOHFKH+HJHOSUDWLFDYD

Il momento globale e La Grande conversazione dell'Umanit
1RQqSLVRVWHQLELOHDYHUHXQDHUPHQHXWLFDGLVXSHUDPHQWRFRPHLQ
+HJHORXQ
HUPHQHXWLFDGHOVRVSHWWRRGLFRQWHVWD]LRQHSURSULHGHOPRPHQ
WR SRVWFRORQLDOH  6LDPR HQWUDWL LQ XQD QXRYD HUD JOREDOH  LQ FXL DEELDPR
ELVRJQR GL FUHDUH XQD QXRYD HUPHQHXWLFD YHUVR FLz FKH 0LFKDHO 2DNVKRWW
XQD YROWD  FKLDPDYD OD JUDQGH FRQYHUVD]LRQH GHO JHQHUH XPDQR 4XHVWD



-RVHSK3UDEKX

QXRYDHUPHQHXWLFDVDUjXQHUPHQHXWLFDGLLQWHUVRJJHWWLYLWjYHUDWUDVRJJHWWL
FKH FRQGLYLGRQRXQDEDVHGLXJXDJOLDQ]DHVXTXHVWDEDVHSRVVRQR WHQWDUH
XQYHURHSURSULRGLDORJRVXOOHVHPSLRGHOODGLDOHWWLFDGL%XEHU,R7XH
GRYHRJQLSDUWQHULQTXHVWRGLDORJRDYROWHqXQLRHDOWUHYROWHXQ7X
/D QHFHVVLWj GL XQ WDOH GLDORJR q ULFKLHVWD GDOOD VLWXD]LRQH PRQGLDOH
FULWLFDLQFXLFLWURYLDPR7XWWLLSUREOHPLXUJHQWLFKHFLDIIOLJJRQRRJJLLO
GHJUDGR DPELHQWDOH  OD IDPH H OD SRYHUWj OD GLIIXVLRQH GHO WHUURULVPR OD
PLQDFFLDGHOOHDUPLQXFOHDULORVYLOXSSRVRVWHQLELOHHODSDFHHODVLFXUH]]D
VRQRSUREOHPLJOREDOLFKHULFKLHGRQRODVDJJH]]DJOREDOHGHOJHQHUHXPDQR
,SDUWLFRODUHSXQWLGLYLVWDGHOOHVLQJROHFXOWXUHQRQSRVVRQRSLHVVHUHVXI
ILFLHQWLDULVROYHUHTXHVWLSUREOHPLJOREDOL
4XHVWDQXRYDVLWXD]LRQHQHOODVWRULDGHOJHQHUHXPDQRGRYUjVXVFLWDUH
DOPHQRGXHULVSRVWHDXQDGLDOHWWLFDGLDFURQLFDGLWUDGL]LRQHHPRGHUQLWjH
ODULFHUFDGLPRGHUQLWjDOWHUQDWLYHFRPHVLYHGHQHOSHQVLHURGL*DQGKL$X
URELQGR H 7DJRUH SHU FLWDUH L SHQVDWRUL ,QGLDQL SL FRQVHTXHQ]LDOL GHO ;;
VHFRORHEXQYHURHSURSULRLQFRQWURFXOWXUDOHLQXQRVSD]LRGLFRQYHUVD
]LRQH VLQFURQLFD4XHVWHGXHGLDOHWWLFKH HO
LQWHUD]LRQHSRVVRQR  DYYLDUH OD
FRQYHUVD]LRQHJOREDOHFKH2DNVKRWWKDDQQXQFLDWR

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



Cosmogonia, Cosmologia e Kosmologia:

Yin e Yang e il simbolismo Tai-chi
<RXQJ&KDQ5R, 8QLYHULVWj*HRUJH0DVRQ)DLUID[9LUJLQLD
Abstract

7KLVDUWLFOHLVWRH[SORUH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUVLGHDRINRVPRORJ\LQOLJKWRIWKH\LQ\DQJ
FRVPRORJ\LQ&KLQDDQG(DVW$VLD3DQLNNDUFRLQHGWKHZRUGNRVPRORJ\WRHQYLVLRQD
QHZZD\RIXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHXQLYHUVHLQFRQWUDVWZLWKFRVPRORJ\DPRGHUQVFLHQWLILF
YLHZ RI WKH XQLYHUVH ,Q KLV FULWLFDO DVVHVVPHQW RI WKH PRGHUQ VFLHQWLILF FRVPRORJ\ 3DQ
LNNDUZDUQVXVWKDWWKHPRGHUQVFLHQWLILFFRVPRORJ\KDVEHFRPH WKHDEVROXWHYLHZRIWKH
XQLYHUVH 3DQLNNDU WKXV SURSRVHV NRVPRORJ\ DV D ZD\ RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH XQLYHUVH
EH\RQGDPHUHVFLHQWLILFREMHFWLQUHODWLRQWRWKHKXPDQWKHGLYLQHWKHXOWLPDWHUHDOLW\
DQGDOORWKHUEHLQJV7KH(DVW$VLDQ\LQ\DQJFRVPRORJ\KDVEHHQWKHPRVWSUHYDLOLQJDQG
SHUVLVWLQJFRVPRORJ\WKURXJKRXWWKHKLVWRU\RI(DVW$VLD,QWKLVUHVSHFWWKH\LQ\DQJFRV
PRORJ\LVGLIIHUHQWIURPWKH:HVWHUQVFLHQWLILFFRVPRORJ\LQWKHVHQVHWKDWLWSURYLGHVD
PHDQLQJIXOZD\WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHXQLYHUVHDVDFRPSUHKHQVLYHUHDOLW\LQUHODWLRQVKLSZLWK
KXPDQEHLQJVDQGDOORWKHUEHLQJV7KH\LQ\DQJFRVPRORJ\PD\EHDJRRGH[DPSOHLQUH
IOHFWLQJ3DQLNNDUVLGHDRINRVPRORJ\


/LQWHUHVVHXPDQRSHUO
RULJLQHGHOO
XQLYHUVRqXQLYHUVDOHQHOWHPSRH
QHOORVSD]LR7XWWHOHFXOWXUHHOHUHOLJLRQLGHOPRQGRVRQRDFFRPXQDWHGD
XQDFRPSUHQVLRQHGLFRPHO
XQLYHUVRHLOPRQGRIXURQRSURGRWWL/HVSLHJD
]LRQLGHOO
RULJLQHGHOO
XQLYHUVRYDULDQRGDFXOWXUDDFXOWXUD$OFXQLVRQRLQ
WHUHVVDWL DOOD FRVPRJRQLD DOWUL DOOD FRVPRORJLD &RVPRJRQLD q XQD IRUPD
QDUUDWLYD R XQD VWRULD GL FRPH O
XQLYHUVR VLD QDWR  FRPH VL WURYD QHO OLEUR
GHOOD *HQHVL R QHOOD VWRULD GHOOD FUHD]LRQH EDELORQHVH (QXPD (OLVK  R LQ
4XDQGR LQ DOWR (
LQWHUHVVDQWH QRWDUH FKH OD PDJJLRU SDUWH GHOOH DQWLFKH
UHOLJLRQLGHO9LFLQR2ULHQWHHGHOOHFXOWXUHFRPHOD0HVRSRWDPLFDHO(JL
]LDQDKDQQRSURGRWWRFRVPRJRQLH/HUHOLJLRQLDEUDPLFKHVLVRQRLQWHUHV
VDWHGLFRVPRJRQLD,OPLWRGHOODFUHD]LRQHGHOOD*HQHVLDGHVHPSLRqVWDWD
OD FRVPRJRQLD SL LQIOXHQWH WUD OH WUDGL]LRQL H FXOWXUH JLXGHRFULVWLDQR
LVODPLFKH
1RQ RJQL FXOWXUD R UHOLJLRQH WXWWDYLD KD SURGRWWR XQD FRVPRJRQLD
XQDIRUPDQDUUDWLYDSHUVSLHJDUHFRPHO
XQLYHUVRqQDWR&XOWXUHHUHOLJLRQL



<RXQJFKDQ5R

GHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHQRQVLVRQRLQWHUHVVDWHGLFRVPRJRQLD/HFXOWXUHDVLDWL
FKHWUDFXL&LQD&RUHDH*LDSSRQHQRQKDQQRSURGRWWRXQPLWRGHOODFUHD
]LRQH $GLUHLOYHURKDQQRFUHDWRYDULPLWLIRQGDWLYLVWRULHVXOODQDVFLWD
GHOOH ORUR QD]LRQL H VWDWL  PD XQD VWRULD VXOO
RULJLQH GHOO
XQLYHUVR XQD FR
VPRJRQLDQHOODPDJJLRUSDUWHGHLFDVLPDQFD/DPDQFDQ]DGLXQDFRVPR
JRQLDUDSSUHVHQWDXQIDWWRUHFRPXQHWUDOHFXOWXUHGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOH$OFXQL
SRWUHEEHUR RELHWWDUH FKH OD VWRULD 3DQJX SXz UDSSUHVHQWDUH XQ PLWR FLQHVH
GHOODFUHD]LRQH0DSHUPROWLDVSHWWLODOHJJHQGD3DQJXQRQqHTXLYDOHQWHDO
PLWRGHOODFUHD]LRQHGHO9LFLQR2ULHQWH,QQHVVXQPRGRODVWRULD3DQJXKD
DYXWRJUDQGHLQIOXHQ]DVXOOHFLYLOWjFLQHVHHGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHFRPHLQYHFH
QHOFDVRGHOPLWRGHOODFUHD]LRQHGHOOD*HQHVLSHUODFLYLOWjRFFLGHQWDOH,Q
UHDOWjODVWRULD3DQJXHUDVFRQRVFLXWDDL&LQHVLHDJOLRULHQWDOLDGHFFH]LR
QHGLDOFXQLVWRULFLHVSHFLDOLVWLLQPLWRORJLHFLQHVL 8QPLWRSHUHVVHUHWD
OHGHYHHVVHUHQRWRHEHQDFFROWRFRPHQHOFDVRGHOODFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*H
QHVL
/HWUDGL]LRQLJLXGHRFULVWLDQRLVODPLFKHHOHDEUDPLFKHHUDQRSURIRQ
GDPHQWHLQWHUHVVDWHDOODFRVPRJRQLDPHQWUHLFLQHVLHJOLDVLDWLFLRULHQWDOL
QRQ HUDQR DWWUDWWLGDOOD FRVPRJRQLD QDUUDWLYD /DPDQFDQ]DGLFRVPRJRQLD
LQ$VLDRULHQWDOHHLQSDUWLFRODUHODWUDGL]LRQHFLQHVHULYHODQRXQDFDUDWWHUL


The lack of creation myth, cosmogony, is aXQLTXHDVSHFWRIWKH&KLQHVHDQG(DVW$VLDQ

WUDGLWLRQV 6HH IRU PRUH GLVFXVVLRQ RQ WKLV PDWWHU )UHGHULFN : 0RWH WKH ,QWHOOHFWXDO
)RXQGDWLRQRI&KLQD1HZ<RUN

7KH3DQJXOHJHQGLVFHUWDLQO\DFRVPRJRQ\VXSSRVHGO\LVZULWWHQRUUHSRUWHGE\;X=KHQJ
GXULQJ WKH 7KUHH .LQJGRPV SHULRG LQ &KLQD 7KLV OHJHQG KRZHYHU FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR WKH
FRVPRORJ\ RI \LQ DQG \DQJ $FFRUGLQJ WKH 3DQJX OHJHQG WKH RULJLQDO VWDWH RI FKDRV ZDV
GLYLGHGE\WKHWZRRSSRVLQJSULPRUGLDOIRUFHVRI\LQDQG\DQJDQG3DQJXZKRVOHSWLQD
FRVPLFHJJDZRNHDQGEURNHWKHHJJDQGVSOLWKHDYHQDQGHDUWKDQGKDUPRQL]HG\LQDQG
\DQJ:HPD\LQWHUSUHWWKLVOHJHQGLQWZRZD\V7KLVOHJHQGPLJKWEHXQGHUVWRRGDVDQ
RULJLQDO DFFRXQW RI WKH WKHRU\ RI WKH \LQ\DQJ FRVPRORJ\ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG  WKLV VWRU\
PLJKWKDYHEHHQFRPSRVHGRUZULWWHQXQGHUWKHKHDY\LQIOXHQFHRIWKHODWHU&KLQHVHFRV
PRORJ\RI\LQDQG\DQJ,WPD\KDYHZULWWHQRUUHZULWWHQXQGHUWKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKH\LQ
\DQJFRVPRORJ\IRUPXODWHGLQWKH%RRNRI&KDQJHV'DRGHMLQJDQGRWKHUODWHUVRXUFHVWKDW
DFFHSWHGWKH\LQ\DQJSULQFLSOHRISRODULW\DVWKHHVWDEOLVKHG&KLQHVHFRVPRORJ\,QHLWKHU
FDVHLWLVFOHDUWKDWWKH\LQ\DQJFRVPRORJ\LVDGRPLQDQWWKHPHRIWKH3DQJXOHJHQG7KH
VLJQLILFDQFH RI WKH 3DQJX FRVPRJRQ\ WKXV OLHV LQ LOOXVWUDWLQJ WKH SULPRUGLDO SRODULW\ RI
\LQ\DQJFRVPRORJ\

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



VWLFD XQLFD QHOOD YLVLRQH GHO PRQGR ,Q UHDOWj FLQHVL H DVLDWLFL RULHQWDOL LQ
JHQHUDOH QRQ KDQQR FUHDWR LO ORUR FUHDWRUH &Lz ULYHOD  FKH L FLQHVL QRQ
KDQQRULWHQXWRGLGHULYDUHGDXQHVVHUHWUDVFHQGHQWHGDXQFUHDWRUH,QHI
IHWWLqGHOWXWWRHVWUDQHRDOODORURPHQWHSHQVDUHDVHVWHVVLFRPHFUHDWXUH
VHSDUDWH GDO ORUR FUHDWRUH /D GLFRWRPLD FUHDWRUHFUHDWXUD  PDQFD QHOOD YL
VLRQHGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHHGHOPRQGRFLQHVH0HQWUHOHFXOWXUHHOHUHOLJLRQL
RULHQWDWH GDOOD FRVPRJRQLD KDQQR DFFHWWDWR OD GLFRWRPLD H OD GXDOLWj GHOOD
GLYLVLRQHWUDFUHDWRUHHFUHDWXUDFRPHVLWURYDQHOOD*HQHVL/HFXOWXUHRFFL
GHQWDOLVRWWRO
LQIOXHQ]DGHOODFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*HQHVLKDQQRDFFHWWDWRO
LGHD
GHOODGLFRWRPLDFUHDWRUHFUHDWXUD1HOOHFXOWXUHDVLDWLFKHWXWWDYLDODGLFR
WRPLDFUHDWRUHFUHDWXUDQRQIXHYLGHQWHILQRDTXDQGRLO&ULVWLDQHVLPRQRQ
JLXQVHQHOPRQGRRULHQWDOHDGLQVHJQDUHHSUHGLFDUHODFKLDUDGLVWLQ]LRQHWUD
FUHDWRUHHFUHDWXUD
8QR GHL ULVXOWDWL GHOOD GLFRWRPLD FUHDWRUHFUHDWXUD q OD YLVLRQH GHJOL
HVVHULXPDQL/DFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*HQHVLFRQVLGHUDJOLHVVHULXPDQLHVFOX
VLYDPHQWHFRPHFUHDWXUHGL'LRHGqVEDJOLDWRVILGDUHRDGGLULWWXUDLQYLGLDUH
LOFUHDWRUH*OLHVVHULXPDQLGHYRQRDFFHWWDUHLOORURSRVWRQHOO
RUGLQHGHOO
X
QLYHUVRHODJHUDUFKLDGHOODFUHD]LRQHGL'LR4XHVWDqXQDFRQGL]LRQHIRQ
GDPHQWDOHSHUOXPDQDFRPSUHQVLRQHGLVp*OLHVVHULXPDQLGHYRQRHVVHUH
LQWHVLLQUHOD]LRQHD'LRFRPHFUHDWRUHVHFRQGRXQDIRQGDPHQWDOHGLIIHUHQ
]DRQWRORJLFDWUDO
XPDQRHLOGLYLQR2JQLIRUPDGLULILXWRGLTXHVWDGLIIH
UHQ]DRQWRORJLFDFRVWLWXLUjXQDVRUWDGLSHFFDWRLQVHQVRUHOLJLRVRHVSLUL
WXDOH ,Q TXHVWR FRQWHVWR JOL HVVHUL XPDQL VRQR SHFFDWRUL ULVSHWWR DO 'LR
FUHDWRUH'LYROWDLQYROWDJOLHVVHULXPDQLKDQQRPHVVRLQGLVFXVVLRQHO
DX
WRULWj GHO 'LR FUHDWRUH DO ILQH GL GLYHQWDUH FRPH /XL PD VHQ]D VXFFHVVR
4XHVWR q FLz FKH L &ULVWLDQL FKLDPDQR K\EULV RUJRJOLR VSLULWXDOH 3HU L
FULVWLDQLTXHVWRqLOSHFFDWRRULJLQDOHQHOVHQVRFKHqVWDWRSHUYDVLYRLQ
WXWWDODVWRULDXPDQD3HUTXHVWRPRWLYRqGLQRUPDSHULFULVWLDQLFRQVLGH
UDUHVHVWHVVLSHFFDWRUL
, PLVVLRQDUL FULVWLDQL FKH YHQLYDQR LQ &LQD LQWRUQR DL VHFROL ;9, H
;9,,HUDQRSLXWWRVWRSHUSOHVVLGDOO
LQFDSDFLWjFLQHVHGLDGRWWDUHLOSHFFDWR
VHULDPHQWH,OORURFRQFHWWRGLSHFFDWRHUDLQIDWWLGLYHUVRGDOFRQFHWWRRF
FLGHQWDOHFULVWLDQRGLSHFFDWR1HOFDVRFLQHVHHUDSHUORSLSHUFHSLWRLQ
VHQVRPRUDOHHWLFRRJLXULGLFRQRQVSLULWXDOHRUHOLJLRVR/DVHQVD]LRQH



<RXQJFKDQ5R

DVVRFLDWDDOSHFFDWRGLVROLWRJHQHUDXQVHQVRGLFROSD3HFFDWRHVHQ
VRGLFROSDVRQRVWUHWWDPHQWHFRUUHODWL$OFXQLDQWURSRORJLSHQVDQRFKHOD
FXOWXUD RFFLGHQWDOH FULVWLDQD VLD OD FXOWXUD GHO VHQVR GL FROSD SHU LO IRUWH
VHQVR GL SHFFDWR FRQVLGHUDWR TXDOH FRQGL]LRQH RQWRORJLFD GHOOHVVHUH
XPDQR0HQWUHQHOOD FXOWXUDRULHQWDOHPDQFDO
LGHDGLSHFFDWRHGLVHQVR
GL FROSD FRPH FRQGL]LRQH XPDQD RQWRORJLFD DQFKH VH KD XQ IRUWH VHQVR
PRUDOHHGHWLFRGLYHUJRJQD 
8QRGHLULVXOWDWLGHOOHWUDGL]LRQLFXOWXUDOLHUHOLJLRVHRULHQWDWHDOODFR
VPRJRQLDFRPHDEELDPRYLVWRLQSUHFHGHQ]DqUDSSUHVHQWDWRGDOODGLFRWR
PLDGXDOLVWLFDWUDO
XPDQRHLOGLYLQRHTXHVWDGLFRWRPLDKDFUHDWRXQFRP
SOHVVRGLLQIHULRULWjGDSDUWHGHOO
XRPR3HUTXHVWRPRWLYRO
XRPRKDFHUFD
WRGLGLYHQWDUH'LRQHJDQGRODSURSULDFUHDWXUDOLWj4XHVWRKDSURGRWWRXQ
DUURJDQ]D UHOLJLRVD XQ RUJRJOLR VSLULWXDOH FRQ XQ FRQVHJXHQWH VWDWR GHOOD
FRQGL]LRQHXPDQDFKLDPDWRSHFFDWRRDQFKHSHFFDWRRULJLQDOH
/DPDQFDQ]DGLFRVPRJRQLDLQ&LQDHLQ$VLDRULHQWDOHWXWWDYLDQRQ
LPSOLFDQpGHYHLPSOLFDUHFKHLSRSROLGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHQRQDEELDQRDOFXQ
LQWHUHVVH SHU O
RULJLQH GHOO
XQLYHUVR R LO VXR IXQ]LRQDPHQWR  $O FRQWUDULR
HVVLKDQQRVYLOXSSDWRXQDSURIRQGDHDOWDPHQWHHODERUDWDFRVPRORJLDFKHq
GLYHQWDWDLOVHJQRGLVWLQWLYRGHOODYLVLRQHGHOPRQGRHGHOPRGRGLSHQVDUH
FLQHVH H RULHQWDOH  4XHVWD q OD FRVPRORJLDGHOOR \LQ\DQJ /LQWHUHVVH GR
PLQDQWH SHU &LQHVL &RUHDQL  *LDSSRQHVL H DOWUL DVLDWLFL RULHQWDOL QRQ IX
UDSSUHVHQWDWRGDOODFRVPRJRQLDPDGDOODFRVPRORJLD$TXHVWRSURSRVLWROD
FRVPRORJLD \LQ\DQJ KD VYROWR XQ UXROR VLPLOH SHU JOL DVLDWLFL LQ 2ULHQWH
DQDORJRDTXHOORFKHODFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*HQHVLKDJLRFDWRSHUO
2FFLGHQWH
FULVWLDQR/DFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJLQ$VLDRULHQWDOHqXQHTXLYDOHQWHIXQ]LR
QDOHRRPHRPRUILFR GHOODFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*HQHVLSHUOHWUDGL]LRQLJLX
GDLFRFULVWLDQHG
2FFLGHQWH


$WKHUWRQ-6'RFHR6KDPH&XOWXUHDQG*XLOW&XOWXUH>2QOLQH8.@UHWULHYHG

-DQXDU\IURPKWWSZZZGRFHRFRXNEDFNJURXQGVKDPHBJXLOWKWP
5HDGPRUH6KDPH&XOWXUHDQG*XLOW&XOWXUH
KWWSZZZGRFHRFRXNEDFNJURXQGVKDPHBJXLOWKWPWRSL[]]+Q4;TTUD

5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUXVHGWKHZRUGKRPHRPRUSKLVPLQGHQRWLQJDIXQFWLRQDOHTXLYDOHQW
GLVFRYHUHGWKURXJKWRSRORJLFDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ)RUPRUHH[SODQDWLRQVHH5DLPRQ3DQ
LNNDU,QWUDUHOLJLRXV'LDORJXH1HZ<RUN0DKZDK3DXOLVW3UHVV[[LL

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



/DFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJWXWWDYLDQRQqXQDFRVPRORJLDVFLHQWLILFDQHO
VHQVRPRGHUQRRFFLGHQWDOHGHOODSDURODPDqSLXWWRVWRXQDFRVPRORJLDVSH
FXODWLYDFKHULIOHWWHODYLVLRQHO
HVSHULHQ]DHLOPRGRGLSHQVDUHGHOPRQGR
RULHQWDOH,Q2FFLGHQWHODFRVPRJRQLDGHOOD*HQHVLKDJHQHUDWRFRVPRORJLH
FKH ULIOHWWRQR DOFXQH YLVLRQL UHOLJLRVH LQ SDUWLFRODUH OD YLVLRQH FULVWLDQD
GHOO
XQLYHUVR GXUDQWH LO SHULRGR PHGLHYDOH 7XWWDYLD OH FRVPRORJLH PHGLH
YDOL H SUHPRGHUQH  VRQR VWDWH SUHVWR VRVWLWXLWH GDOOD PRGHUQD FRVPRORJLD
VFLHQWLILFD/DFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJQRQRVWDQWHO
HPHUJHUHGHOODFRVPRORJLD
VFLHQWLILFD q DQFRUDILRUHQWHLQ$VLDRULHQWDOHR DQFKHDOGLIXRULGHOO
$VLD
RULHQWDOHRYXQTXHDVLDWLFLHRULHQWDOLVLVLDQRVWDELOLWL/DUDJLRQHGLTXHVWD
SHUVLVWHQ]DGHOODFRVPRORJLD \LQ\DQJ qGDWDGDOIDWWRFKHHVVDQRQqVHP
SOLFHPHQWH UHODWLYD DOOXQLYHUVR R DO VROR FRVPR PD D WXWWL JOL DOWUL HVVHUL
LQFOXVLJOLXPDQL
,OSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJqGLYHQWDWRXQSDUDGLJPDSHUFDSLUHODQDWXUDGL
WXWWL JOL HVVHUL ,Q TXHVWR VHQVR OD  FRVPRORJLD \LQJ\DQJ  q VLPLOH
DOOHVSHULHQ]DFRVPRWHDQGULFD GL5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUVHEEHQHQRQHVLVWDLO
FRQFHWWRFRQFUHWRGLWKHRVR'LRQHOFRQWHVWR&LQHVHRGHOO
$VLDRULHQWD
OH/
2FFLGHQWHFULVWLDQRLQYHFHKDJUDGXDOPHQWHHOLPLQDWRODPDJJLRUSDUWH
GHOOHFRVPRORJLHSUHPRGHUQHGLIURQWHDOODPRGHUQLWjHDOODYLVLRQHVFLHQ
WLILFDGHOPRQGRFRPSUHVHOHPLWRORJLHELEOLFKHHFRVPRORJLFKHLQSDUWLFR
ODUHGRSRLOWHQWDWLYRGLGHPLWRORJL]]D]LRQHGLFXLXQHVHPSLRqUDSSUH
VHQWDWRGD%XOWPDQQ2UDGLFRQVHJXHQ]DJOLHVVHULXPDQLQRQKDQQRQHVVXQ
VHQVRGLUHOD]LRQHFRQO
XQLYHUVR/
XQLYHUVRqGLYHQWDWRXQRJJHWWRGLLQGD
JLQH XPDQD H GL XWLOLWj QRQ GL UHOD]LRQH &RPH FRQVHJXHQ]D GHOOD SHUGLWD
GHOOD FRVPRORJLD JOL HVVHUL XPDQL KDQQRSHUVRODSURSULDGLPRUD FRVPLFD
&RVPRV q  FDVD R DELWD]LRQH QHO VHQVR RULJLQDULR GHO WHUPLQH /D PR
GHUQD FRVPRORJLD VFLHQWLILFD WXWWDYLD KD HOLPLQDWR LO VHQVR GHOO
XQLYHUVR
FRPHGLPRUDXPDQDHFRPHFDVD1RQFRQVLGHULDPRSLO
XQLYHUVRFRPHLO
QRVWURRLNRVRFRVPRV/DFRVPRORJLDVFLHQWLILFDKDLVRODWRJOLHVVHULXPDQL
GDO FRVPR UHQGHQGROL  VHQ]D ILVVD GLPRUD /D FRVPRORJLD VFLHQWLILFD KD
ULGRWWR LO FRVPR DG XQ  PHUR RJJHWWR LVRODQGRO
XQLYHUVRGDOOD UHDOWj GHOOD


)RUIXOOHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKLVLGHDVHH5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU7KH&RVPRWKHDQGULF([SHUL
HQFH(PHUJLQJ5HOLJLRXV&RQVFLRXVQHVV6FRWW(DVWKDPHGZLWKLQWURGXFWLRQ1HZ
<RUN2UELV%RRN



<RXQJFKDQ5R

YLWDTXRWLGLDQDGHJOLHVVHULXPDQL,IHQRPHQLUHFHQWLGLFULVLDPELHQWDOHROD
WHQGHQ]D GHO SLDQHWD DO ULVFDOGDPHQWR JOREDOH R L GLVDVWUL GHOOR WVXQDPL LQ
GLYHUVHSDUWLGHOPRQGRKDQQRULVYHJOLDWRLQQRLODFRQVDSHYROH]]DFKHLO
FRVPRQRQqSLXQHQWLWjRJJHWWLYDVHSDUDWDGDJOLHVVHULXPDQL6LWUDWWDGL
XQDVLWXD]LRQHDOODUPDQWHPDFRVWLWXLVFHXQDEXRQDRFFDVLRQHSHUQRLGLUL
FRQRVFHUHDQFRUDO
LPSRUWDQ]DGLXQDFRVPRORJLDDSDUWHTXHOODVFLHQWLILFD
3RWUHPPRQRQHVVHUHLQJUDGRGLWRUQDUHDOODFRVPRORJLDSUHPRGHUQDLQVp
PDGREELDPRFRQVLGHUDUHFKHVLSXzLPSDUDUHGLQXRYRGDHVVDFUHDQGRXQD
QXRYD FRVPRORJLD LQ VHQVR LQWHJUDWLYR FRQ TXHOOD VFLHQWLILFD 4XHVWR q FLz
FKH3DQLNNDUFKLDPDNRVPRORJLDLQFRQWUDVWRFRQODFRVPRORJLDVFLHQWLIL
FD $EELDPRELVRJQRGLXQD.RVPRORJLDXQQXRYRPRGRGLSHQVDUHJOL
HVVHULXPDQLLQUHOD]LRQHDOFRVPRDOGLYLQRWKHRVHDOO
XPDQRGLYLYHUH
QHOOD YLVLRQH GL FLz FKH 3DQQLNDU FKLDPD HVSHULHQ]D FRVPRWHDQGULFD ,Q
TXHVWRVHQVRODNRVPRORJLDGL3DQQLNDUUDSSUHVHQWDLOFXOPLQHGHOODVXD
HVSHULHQ]DFRVPRWHDQGULFDXQPRGRGLLQWHQGHUHO
XRPRLQUHOD]LRQHFRQ
'LR H O
XQLYHUVR FKH q DO GL Oj GL XQD VHPSOLFH FRVPRORJLD VFLHQWLILFD /D
VXD NRVPRORJLD TXLQGL KD XQD LPSOLFD]LRQH SL DPSLD H SURIRQGD SHU
OXPDQDFRPSUHQVLRQHGLVp
,QTXHVWRVHQVROHVSHULHQ]DFRVPRWHDQGULFDGL3DQLNNDUqGLYHQWDWD
ODVXDNRVPRORJLDXQPRGRGLLQWHQGHUHLOFRVPRRO
XQLYHUVRLQUDSSRUWR
DOOHYLFHQGHXPDQHHDOO
HVVHUHGLYLQR/DFRVPRORJLDGL3DQLNNDUQRQqSL

XQRVWXGLRGHOO
XQLYHUVRRGHOFRVPR
FRPHDWWLYLWjRJJHWWLYDHLQGLSHQGHQ
WHVHSDUDWDGDOODGLPHQVLRQHGLYLQDHGDOO
HVVHUHXPDQR/DFRVPRORJLDGL
3DQLNNDUQRQqXQRVWXGLRRXQDGHVFUL]LRQHVFLHQWLILFDPDXQPRGRSHU
FRPSUHQGHUH FRPH O
XQLYHUVR LO GLYLQR H O
XPDQR VLDQR FRQQHVVL LQ VHQVR
LQWHUDWWLYRWUDORUR4XHVWDUHOD]LRQHWXWWDYLDQRQGHYHHVVHUHLQWHVDLQWHU
PLQLGLFRQQHVVLRQHHVWULQVHFDGLFROOHJDPHQWRHVWHUQRWUDTXHVWLWUHHOH
PHQWL PD GHYHHVVHUHLQWHVDLQWHUPLQLGLUHOD]LRQHLQWULQVHFD SHQVDQGR
FKHTXHVWLWUHHOHPHQWLVRQRSURIRQGDPHQWHOHJDWLWUDORURVHFRQGRXQDUH
OD]LRQH GL  LQWHULQGLSHQGHQ]D (
XQ PRGR FRPSOHWR GL FRPSUHQGHUH OD
UHDOWj,Q2FFLGHQWHVLQGDOODQDVFLWDGHOOHUDPRGHUQDODYLVLRQHVFLHQWLIL


5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUKDVH[SRXQGHGWKLVLGHDLQKLV7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJ1HZ<RUN2UELV
%RRN

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



FDHODSSURFFLRDQDOLWLFRKDQQRGLYLVRODUHDOWjLQWHUPLQLGLGLYLQRHXPD
QRHTXLQGLO
XQLYHUVRqGLYHQWDWR ORJJHWWRGLXQDVFRSHUWDVFLHQWLILFDSHU
OXRPR3HUTXHVWRPRWLYR3DQLNNDUKDWHQWDWRGLDSULUHXQQXRYRPRGRGL
SHQVDUHHGLFRPSUHQGHUHO
XQLYHUVRDOGLOjGHOO
XQLYHUVRVFLHQWLILFR,QTXH
VWRVHQVRODVXDLGHDGLNRVPRORJLDKDJHWWDWRXQDQXRYDOXFHVXOOXPDQD
FRPSUHQVLRQHGLVp
/DFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJLQJHQHUDOHqSLSHUVLVWHQWHGLIIXVDHSUHYD
OHQWH GDOOD &LQD DQWLFD ILQR DOOD PRGHUQD $VLD RULHQWDOH $ GLIIHUHQ]D
GHOO
2FFLGHQWHGRYHVLqDYXWRXQFDORQRWHYROHGHOODFRVPRORJLDGRSRO
HUD
VFLHQWLILFDPRGHUQDODFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJLQ&LQDHLQ$VLDRULHQWDOHQRQ
qGLPLQXLWDQHPPHQRGRSRO
DYYHQWRGHOO
HUDVFLHQWLILFD8QDGHOOH UDJLRQL
GHOOD GXUDWD GHOOD FRVPRORJLD \LQ\DQJ q FKH ULJXDUGD QRQ VROR O
XQLYHUVR
PDDQFKHO
XRPRHWXWWLJOLDOWULHVVHUL3HUJOLDVLDWLFLRULHQWDOLODFRVPROR
JLD\LQ\DQJQRQqUHODWLYDVRORDGXQXQLYHUVRORQWDQRPDDQFKHDJOLHV
VHULXPDQLHDOODQRVWUDYLWDTXRWLGLDQD,OSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJQRQqVRORXQ
SULQFLSLRFRVPLFRPDDQFKHXQSULQFLSLRRQWRORJLFRHDQWURSRORJLFR,QIDW
WLLOSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJSHUPHDRJQLDVSHWWRGHOODYLWDGLRJQLHVVHUHHGq
GLYHQWDWRXQVLPERORGHOO
XQLYHUVRGHOO
XRPRHGLWXWWLJOLDOWULHVVHUL
,O SULQFLSLR \LQ\DQJ TXDQGR YLHQH VLPEROL]]DWR GLYHQWD 7
DLML 7
DL
&KL7DLMLqXQVLPERORLQGLFDQWHO
LQWHUD]LRQHGL\LQH\DQJ1RQqXQHV
VHUHRHQWHLQGLSHQGHQWHGD\LQH\DQJPDHVSUHVVLRQHVLPEROLFDGHOO
LQWHU
UHOD]LRQHGL\LQH\DQJ1RQYLqDOFXQ7
DLMLLQSUHFHGHQ]DDOGLOjRDOGL
IXRULGL\LQH\DQJ,QUHDOWjLO7
DLMLSDUWHFLSDDSLHQRWLWRORDOPRYLPHQWRH
DOO
LQWHUD]LRQHGL\LQH \DQJ,QDOWUHSDUROHTXDQGRLOSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJH
ODVXDLQWHUD]LRQHVLPDQLIHVWDQRLQXQVLPERORVLSDUODGL7
DL&KLR7DLML
8QD YHUVLRQH FRPXQHPHQWH XVDWD GL XQ VLPEROR SHU 7DLML FKLDPDWR
7DLMLWX




<RXQJFKDQ5R


8QDFRPXQHYHUVLRQHGHOVLPEROR7DLMLFKLDPDWR7DLMLWX

Nome Cinese
Cinese Tradizionale


/DIRUPDGLFXLVRSUDqLOQRWRVLPERORGHO7
DL&KL7DLML,OVLPEROR
GLPRVWUDFKHODUHDOWjGHO7
DL&KLqO
LQWHUD]LRQHGL\LQH\DQJFRPHORYH
GLDPRQHOODILJXUDGLFXLVRSUD4XLYHGLDPROHGXHSDUWLLQXQFHUFKLRXQR
LQ ELDQFR O
DOWUD LQ QHUR /D SDUWH ELDQFD q \DQJ H LO QHUR q \LQ ,Q TXHVWR
VLPEROR\LQH\DQJFKHDSSDLRQRGLYLVLPDDOFRQWHPSRLQUDSSRUWRGLLQ
WHUSHQHWUD]LRQHUHFLSURFD,QROWUHVLD\LQFKH\DQJFRQWHQJRQRXQHOHPHQWR
OXQRGHOODOWURFKHVLPEROHJJLDO
LGHDFKHXQHOHPHQWR\LQFRQWLHQH\DQJH
XQ HOHPHQWR \DQJ FRQWLHQH \LQ SRLFKq VL DEEUDFFLDQR H VL FRPSHQHWUDQR D
YLFHQGD ,Q TXHVWR VHQVR OD UHOD]LRQH \LQ\DQJ  q QRQGXDOH 6RQR GXH LQ
XQRXQRLQGXH
,O VLPEROR GHOWDLMLWUDGRWWRFRPH*UDQGH5HDOWj R5HDOWj8OWLPDKD
DQFKHXQDQDWXUDQRQGXDOLVWLFD7DLMLSXzDQFKHHVVHUHWUDGRWWRFRPHSR
ODULWj HVWUHPD  R JUDQGH SRODULWj 8QR GHL SL LQIOXHQWL VWXGLRVL QHR
FRQIXFLDQL GXUDQWH OD 'LQDVWLD 6RQJ LQ &LQD =KRX 'XQ\L  KD
GLFKLDUDWRFKHLO*UDQGH8OWLPRWDLMLQRQq8OWLPRZXML/DSDURODXOWL
PRTXLVLJQLILFDHVWUHPRHTXLQGLWDLMLSXzVLJQLILFDUHJUDQGHSRODULWj
7DLMLqXQVLPERORGHOODUHDOWjXOWLPDHODUHDOWjXOWLPDFRQVLVWHGLJUDQGH
WDLHHVWUHPRML4XLMLVLJQLILFDOLPLWHHVWUHPRLQGLFDQGR

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



OHGXHHVWUHPLWj/LDQJMLYDOHDGLUHGL\LQH\DQJLQXQPRYLPHQWR

FLFOLFRTXDQGRODIRU]D \LQUDJJLXQJHLOVXRHVWUHPROLPLWHLQL]LDODIRU]D
\DQJ  H TXDQGR OD IRU]D \DQJ UDJJLXQJHLOVXROLPLWHHVWUHPRFRPLQFLDOD
IRU]D\LQ3HUTXHVWRPRWLYRDOFXQLKDQQRLQWHVRWDLMLFRPHVHQ]DOLPLWHR
QRQXOWLPRQHOVXJJHULUHLOOLPLWHHVWUHPRGLXQSRORFLFOLFRVHQ]DOLPL
WH  4XHVWR q LO PLVWHUR GHOO LQWHUD]LRQH GL \LQ H \DQJ VLPEROHJJLDWL LQ
7DLML7DLMLQRQHVLVWHDOGLVRSUDRDOGLOjGL\LQH\DQJPDULVLHGHQHOPL
VWHURGHOO
LQWHUD]LRQH\LQ\DQJHWXWWDYLDQRQVLLGHQWLILFDFRQQHVVXQRGHL
GXH Qp FRQ \LQQp FRQ\DQJ ,QTXHVWRVHQVR SHU =KRX 'XQ\L OD JUDQGH
SRODULWjHUDQRQSRODULWj 7DLMLLQTXHVWRVHQVRUDSSUHVHQWDODUHDOWjQRQ
GXDOLVWLFDGL \LQH \DQJ(LQWHUHVVDQWHRVVHUYDUHFKHO
HVVHQ]DGHO*UDQGH
8OWLPRWDLMLqLQUHDOWjQRQSRODULWjZXMLFRPHLQWHUSUHWD=KRX'XQ\L
3HU=KRX'XQ\LWDLMLQRQqXQ
HQWLWjVHSDUDWDDOGLOjGL\LQ\DQJQpO
RUL
JLQHGL\LQH\DQJ<LQH\DQJQRQHUDQRLOSURGRWWRGLWDLML,QYHFHWDLMLq
XQ VLPEROR FKHUDSSUHVHQWDHPDQLIHVWDLOPLVWHURGHOODLQWHUD]LRQHGL \LQ
\DQJ FKH QRQ VL EDVD VXOOD GXDOLWj R SRODULWj PD VXOOD QRQGXDOLWj H QRQ
SRODULWj/DVWUXWWXUDIRQGDPHQWDOHGHOODFRVPRORJLD \LQ\DQJKDXQDVWUXW
WXUD WULDGLFD WDLML \LQ H \DQJ /D QDWXUD GL TXHVWD VWUXWWXUD WULDGLFD q QRQ
GXDOLVWLFD \LQqLQ \DQJ \DQJqLQ \LQH QRQ VRQR Qp GXH Qp XQR4XHVWD
QRQGXDOLWjRQRQSRODULWjqVLPEROHJJLDWDQHOWDLML
3DQLNNDUKDHVSRVWRODQRQGXDOLWjDGYDLWDGHOODUHDOWjXOWLPD(JOLKD
HIIHWWLYDPHQWHXWLOL]]DWRO
LGHDGLDGYDLWDQHOODVXDVSLHJD]LRQHGHOOD7ULQLWj
FULVWLDQD
/
LPSOLFD]LRQH FRVPRORJLFD GHO VLPEROR 7DL &KL q FKH OLQWHUD]LRQH
\LQ\DQJ  JHQHUD TXDWWUR LPPDJLQL H TXDWWUR LPPDJLQL JHQHUDQR RWWR
WULJUDPPL H RWWR WULJUDPPL JHQHUDQR  HVDJUDPPL /D FRVPRORJLD
\LQ\DQJTXLQGLQRQqXQDFRVPRORJLDLQVHQVRVFLHQWLILFRPRGHUQRPD
SXzHVVHUHXQNRVPRORJLDQHOODFRQFH]LRQHGL3DQLNNDU


5RELQHW,VDEHOOH:XMLDQG7DLML8OWLPDWHOHVVDQG*UHDW8OWLPDWHLQ

7KH(QF\FORSHGLDRI7DRLVPHG)DEUL]LR3UHJDGLR5RXWOHGJH

-RVHSK$GOHU=KRX'XQ\LWKH0HWDSK\VLFVDQG3UDFWLFHRI6DJHKRRG6RXUFHVRI&KL
QHVH7UDGLWLRQ:LOOLDP7KHRGRUH'H%DU\DQG,UHQH%ORRPHGVQGHGYROV&ROXPELD
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV



<RXQJFKDQ5R

1HOFRUVRGHOODVWRULDGHOO
$VLDRULHQWDOHFXOWXUDOHHVRFLDOHODFRVPR
ORJLD \LQ\DQJ qVWDWDGLIRQGDPHQWDOHLPSRUWDQ]D LQ WHUPLQL GLFRPSUHQ
VLRQH QRQ VROR SHU LO PRYLPHQWR GHOO
XQLYHUVR PD DQFKH SHU L PXWDPHQWL
GHOODQDWXUDHGHOOHVWDJLRQL$OGLOjGHOODULOHYDQ]DFRVPRORJLFDLOSULQFL
SLR\LQ\DQJqGLYHQWDWRLOSULQFLSLRSHUFRPSUHQGHUHWXWWLJOLHVVHULO
RQWR
ORJLDJOLHVVHULXPDQLO
DQWURSRORJLD,QROWUHLOSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJqVWDWR
DSSOLFDWRDOODFRPSUHQVLRQHGHOFRUSRXPDQRDOODPHGLFLQDDOFLERDLUDS
SRUWLIDPLOLDULDOOHVWUXWWXUHVRFLRSROLWLFKHDOODUWHDOODSLWWXUDDLSULQFLSL
DUFKLWHWWRQLFLHFF7XWWRTXHOORFKHJOLHVVHULXPDQLIDQQRKDXQLQWULQVHFR
UDSSRUWRFRQLOFRVPRLQYLUWGHOSULQFLSLR\LQ\DQJ
0ROWRWHPSRGRSRO
LQWURGX]LRQHGHOODPRGHUQDFRVPRORJLDVFLHQWLIL
FDLQ$VLDRULHQWDOHODFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJqWXWWRUDSRSRODUHHGLIIXVDWUD
JOLDVLDWLFLRULHQWDOLFKHGDOWUDSDUWHKDQQRDFFHWWDWRODPRGHUQDFRVPROR
JLDVFLHQWLILFDFRPHXQPRGRVFLHQWLILFRGLFRPSUHQGHUHO
XQLYHUVR0HQWUH
QHOO2FFLGHQWH PRGHUQR OD YLVLRQH VFLHQWLILFD GHOO
XQLYHUVR KD  WRWDOPHQWH
VRVWLWXLWRWXWWHOHSUHFHGHQWLFRVPRORJLHGLYHQHQGRO
XQLFRPRGRLQDVVROX
WRSHUFRPSUHQGHUHO
XQLYHUVR/$VLDRULHQWDOHKDPDQWHQXWRODFRVPRORJLD
\LQ\DQJLQVLHPHDOODPRGHUQDFRVPRORJLD VFLHQWLILFD 3HU TXHVWRPRWLYR
ODFRVPRORJLD\LQ\DQJSXzHVVHUHXQEXRQHVHPSLRSHUODNRVPRORJLDQHL
WHUPLQLGL5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU
4XHOORFKHKRIDWWRLQTXHVWRODYRURqVWDWRGLPRVWUDUHFKHO
LGHDGL
NRVPRORJLD GL 3DQLNNDU QRQ q XQD PHUD VSHFXOD]LRQH DVWUDWWD PD q XQD
UHDOWj YLYD QHO FRQWHVWR GHOO
$VLD RULHQWDOH 3HU JOL DVLDWLFL RULHQWDOL 7
DLML
QRQqVRORLO*UDQGH8OWLPRROD5HDOWj8OWLPDLQVHQVRFRVPLFRPDqDQ
FKH LO VHQVR DQWURSRORJLFR H RQWRORJLFR LO VHQVR GHOOH YLFHQGH XPDQH H GL
WXWWLJOLDOWULHVVHUL7
DLMLLQTXHVWRVHQVRqXQDLGHDFKHVLPEROHJJLDO
XQLWj
GHOFRVPRGHOODQDWXUDHGHOO
XRPR,QUHDOWj7
DLMLqXQVLPERORRQQLFRP
SUHQVLYRGHOODUHDOWjLQWULQVHFDXQLWDULDGHOOR \LQ\DQJ  FKHPHWWHLQUHOD
]LRQHO
XRPRFRQO
XQLYHUVRODQDWXUDHFRQWXWWLJOLDOWULHVVHULSHUFKpWXWWL
FRQGLYLGRQRORVWHVVRSULQFLSLRGLEDVHGL\LQH\DQJ

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



Il ruolo dellintuizione nel dialogo interculturale:

Raimon Panikkar come Professore


0LFKLNR<XVD, 8QLYHUVLWj:HVWHUQ:DVKLQJWRQ

Prcis
$VDUHVHDUFKDGYLVRU5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUHQFRXUDJHGKLVVWXGHQWVWRXWLOL]HWKHLULQWXLWLRQLQ
DFDGHPLF OHDUQLQJ 7KLV IDFW LV REYLRXVO\ UHODWHG WR KLV HSLVWHPRORJ\ ,Q RUGHU WR FODULI\
ZKDW 3DQLNNDU XQGHUVWRRG E\ LQWXLWLRQ , ILUVW WDNH DV P\ JXLGH -DFTXHV 0DULWDLQ DQG
1LVKLGD.LWDU7KH7KRPLVW 0DULWDLQFRQVLGHUHGWKDWLQWKHDFWRINQRZLQJWKHLQWHOOHFW
TXDVXEMHFWDQGWKHREMHFWHDFKSRVVHVVHVDOXPHQOLJKWDQGZKHQWKHVHOLJKWVVKLQH
XSRQHDFKRWKHURXUNQRZOHGJHLVHVWDEOLVKHG7KHLQWXLWLRQLVWKHGLUHFWVLJKWWKDWEHLQJ
HQVHYRNHVRXWRIWKHLQWHOOHFWDQGOHDGVWKHLQWHOOHFWWRWKHSHUFHSWLRQRIH[LVWHQFH$V
VXFKLQWXLWLRQJLYHVGLUHFWLRQWRWKHLQWHOOHFW)RU=HQLQVSLUHG1LVKLGDWKHLQWXLWLRQLVWKDW
ZKLFKLVGLUHFWO\JLYHQWRWKHNQRZHUDQGWKDWWKLVNQRZHULVIORDWLQJLQWKDWZKLFKLVJLY
HQWRXV1LVKLGDODWHUFDPHWRSURSRVHDWHFKQLFDOWHUPDFWLRQLQWXLWLRQWRHPSKDVL]HWKH
XQLW\RIWKHSK\VLFDODQGWKHPHQWDOLQLQWXLWLRQMXVWDVLQDFWLRQ,IZHDUHWRWDNHWKHH[
DPSOHRIGULYLQJDFDULQWXLWLRQDFFRUGLQJWR0DULWDLQLVOLNHDPHQWDO*36JOREDOSRVL
WLRQLQJ V\VWHP IRU WKH LQWHOOHFW ZKLOH LQWXLWLRQ IRU 1LVKLGD HQFRPSDVVHV WKH YHU\ DFW RI
GULYLQJ LQ ZKLFK PHQWDO DQG SK\VLFDO DFWLYLWLHV DUH SHUIHFWO\ FRRUGLQDWHG ,Q 3DQLNNDU
V
WKRXJKWLQWXLWLRQLVV\QRQ\PRXVZLWKWKHV\PEROLFDZDUHQHVVLQZKLFKVXEMHFWDQGREMHFW
IRUPDPHDQLQJIXOZKROH,QWKDWVHQVHLWLVDNLQWR0DULWDLQ
VXQGHUVWDQGLQJ%XW0DULWDLQ
PDLQWDLQHG D GLFKRWRPRXV YLHZ RI WKH ERG\ DQG WKH VSLULW )RU 3DQLNNDU LQ KLV FRV
PRWKHDQWKURSLF DGYDLWLF XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH PDWHULDO DQG WKH VSLULWXDO DUH LQWHJUDO DV
SHFWVRIUHDOLW\DQGLQWKLVVHQVHKLVYLVLRQLVFORVHUWR1LVKLGD
V3DQLNNDU
VIDPRXVVWDWH
PHQW,
OHIW
DVDFKULVWLDQ
IRXQG
P\VHOIDKLQGXDQG
UHWXUQ
DEXGGKLVWZLWKRXWKDYLQJ
FHDVHGWREHDFKULVWLDQLQGHHGUHYHDOVLWVHSLVWHPRORJLFDODVSHFWLQWKLVFRQWH[W
'HVSLWH WKHVH GLIIHUHQFHV ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR WKH SUDFWLFDO DUHQD WKH WKUHH WKLQNHUV DJUHH
WKDWZHDFFHVVLQWXLWLRQPRVWUHDGLO\LQRXUVHOIOHVVRSHQSDVVLYLW\LQWKHSRVWXUHRIOLV
WHQLQJ3DQLNNDUGLUHFWHGKLVVWXGHQWVRXWRIKLVGHHSXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI
HSLVWHPRORJ\ZKLFKDZDUHQHVVLQIRUPHGWKHEDVLVRIKLVLQWHUFXOWXUDOKHUPHQHXWLFDOSUDF
WLFH


LIncontro con Raimon Panikkar

3ULPDGLDQGDUHDOO8QLYHUVLWjGHOOD&DOLIRUQLDD6DQWD%DUEDUD8QL
YHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLDSHUODSULPDYROWDQHOFRPHVWXGHQWHVWUDQLHUR



0LFKLNR<XVD

LQYLDWRFRQLOSURJHWWRGLVWXGLRLQWHUXQLYHUVLWDULRGDOO,QWHUQDWLRQDO&KUL
VWLDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ GL7RN\RPLqVWDWRGHWWRGDO PLRSURIHVVRUH JLDSSRQHVH
0LQRUX.DVDLFKH5DLPXQGR3DQLNNDUTXDOFXQRFKHDYHYDPROWRDSSUH]
]DWRILQGDLVXRLDQQLGLSHOOHJULQDJJLRD9DUDQDVLVLVWDYDWUDVIHUHQGRGD
+DUYDUGDOO8QLYHUVLWjGHOOD&DOLIRUQLDQHOOLQYHUQRHFKHDYUHLGRYX
WRLQFRQWUDUORFRVuFKHKRLQFRQWUDWR5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU
3DQLNNDU HPDQDYD XQ IDVFLQR XQLFR RQWRORJLFR FKH JOL GHULYDYD
GDOODSURIRQGLWjGHOODVXDULFHUFDILORVRILFD0ROWHSHUVRQHQHHUDQRDWWUDWWH
PHQWUHDOWULJOLUHVLVWHYDQRFRQVROLGDQGRODORURSRVL]LRQHSHUFRQWUDVWRFRQ
OD VXD ,QGLSHQGHQWHPHQWHGDFLzHJOLLOOXPLQDYDODVFHQDFRQODVXDSUH
VHQ]D1HLSULPLDQQLSDUODYDOLQJOHVHFRQXQRVSLFFDWRDFFHQWRVSDJQROR
FKHVFRPSDUYHSURJUHVVLYDPHQWHQHOWHPSRHLRHURXQDVWXGHQWHVVDXQL
YHUVLWDULDJLDSSRQHVHDSSHQDLQWURGRWWDQHOODPELHQWHGLOLQJXDLQJOHVHPD
LQ TXDOFKH PRGR TXHVWR QRQ FDXVz XQ SUREOHPD &DSLYR LQWXLWLYDPHQWH
TXHOOR FKH  FHUFDYD GL WUDVPHWWHUFL ,O 3URIHVVRU )ULGHOO XQR VSHFLDOLVWD GL
WUDGL]LRQHJLDSSRQHVH6KLQWRDQFKHOXLLQVHJQDQWHDOO8QLYHUVLWjGHOOD&D
OLIRUQLD FKH IX PROWR JHQWLOH FRQ PH DYHQGR OXL H VXD PRJOLH  WUDVFRUVR
PROWLDQQLLQ*LDSSRQHPLPDQLIHVWzXQFHUWRVWXSRUHSHUFRPHDYHYRSR
WXWRFDSLUHLOSURIHVVRU3DQLNNDULQTXDQWRDOXLLO3URI)ULGHOOGLPDGUH
OLQJXD LQJOHVH ULVXOWDYD GLIILFLOH IDUOR 4XHVWD FRQYHUVD]LRQH LQIRUPDOH PL
IHFHULIOHWWHUHVXOSHUFKpLRFDSLVVL3DQLNNDUHVXOUXRORGHOO
LQWXL]LRQHQHOOD
IRUPD]LRQHDFFDGHPLFD
7RUQDL  DOO 8QLYHUVLWj GHOOD &DOLIRUQLD QHO  FRPH VWXGHQWH ODX
UHDWR SHU VWXGLDUH FRQ 3DQLNNDU , PLHL DPLFL PL FKLHGHYDQR SHU FXULRVLWj
FRPHIRVVHVWXGLDUHFRQOXL/DPLDULVSRVWDqVHPSUHVWDWDFKHLOSURIHVVRU
3DQLNNDUPLSHUPHWWHYDGLHVVHUHLQWXLWLYD$OFXQLSURIHVVRULVRVWHQHYDQR
OLPSRUWDQ]D  GL UDJJLXQJHUH  FRQFHWWL FKLDUL H GLVWLQWL UHODWLYL DL IDWWL GHOOH
WUDGL]LRQLUHOLJLRVHFKHVWDYDPRVWXGLDQGR$OFRQWUDULR3DQLNNDUSUHVHQWD
YDXQDUHDOWjSLULFFDHPXOWLIRUPHFKHDQGDYDDOGLOjGHOODVHPSOLFHFRQ
FHWWXDOL]]D]LRQHGLIDWWLHLGHHODGLPHQVLRQHDXWHQWLFDGHOO
HVSHULHQ]DXPD
QDXQDUJRPHQWRGHOOHVXHULFHUFKHDFFDGHPLFKHGDOXLPROWRDPDWR(JOL
FKLHGHYD TXLQGL DL  VXRL VWXGHQWL FKH IRVVHUR DSHUWL DOOH HVSHULHQ]H GL YLWD
GHOOH WUDGL]LRQL FKH VWDYDPR VWXGLDQGR (G XVDYD VSHVVR GLUH 6WXGLDUH ;
VLJQLILFDGLYHQLUH;

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



2JJL TXDVL WUHQW

DQQL GRSR FROJR O
RFFDVLRQH SHU FKLDULUH FKH FRVD
SRVVDUDSSUHVHQWDUHTXHVWDLQWXL]LRQHQHJOLVWXGLLQWHUFXOWXUDOL3HULQGDJD
UH LO UXROR GHOO
LQWXL]LRQH QHOOD QRVWUD FRPSUHQVLRQH LQWHUFXOWXUDOH YRUUHL
EUHYHPHQWHWRUQDUHDLGXHSHQVDWRULVXOOHFXLILORVRILHKRVFULWWRODPLDWHVL
GLODXUHDVRWWRODJXLGDGL3DQLNNDU6LWUDWWDGL-DFTXHV0DULWDLQH1LVKLGD
.LWDUR  8Q SDLR GL SDUROH VX GL ORUR SRVVRQR HVVHUH XWLOL 0DULWDLQ 
H1LVKLGDIXURQRHQWUDPELSHQVDWRULHILORVRILFKHDWWLQ
VHUR DOOH ORUR WUDGL]LRQL VSLULWXDOL &DWWROLFD H =HQ ,Q SDUWLFRODUH 7KRPDV
0HUWRQRVVHUYDYDFKH
1LVKLGDDYHYDIDWWRSHULO%XGGLVPR=HQXQODYRURDQDORJRDTXHOORGL-DF
TXHV0DULWDLQSHUOD)LORVRILD&DWWROLFDHJOL>FLRq1LVKLGD@DYHYDFRVWUXLWR
DOO
LQWHUQRGHOODVXDWUDGL]LRQHPLVWLFDHVXOODEDVHGHOOHVXHLQWXL]LRQLWUDGL
]LRQDOLHVSLULWXDOLXQDILORVRILDFKHDOORVWHVVRWHPSRSDUODYDDOOXRPRPR
GHUQRDQFKHRFFLGHQWDOHULPDQHQGRDSHUWDDOODSLHOHYDWDVDJJH]]D

/DYLVLRQHILORVRILFDGL3DQLNNDUVHSRVWDLQVLHPHDTXHOOHGL0DULWDLQ
H1LVKLGDGRYUHEEHULVXOWDUHSLFKLDUDHDVXDYROWDPRVWUDUHDWWUDYHUVRO
LQVHJQDPHQWROLPSDWWRGHOODVXDYLVLRQHGHOPRQGRDLVXRLVWXGHQWL

Maritain sull"Intuizione"
1HOODVXD3UHID]LRQHDOOD0HWDILVLFD0DULWDLQGHVFULYHYDOLQWXL]LR
QHDXWHQWLFDLQWHUPLQLGL
8QLQWXL]LRQHJHQXLQDXQD SHUFH]LRQHGLUHWWDHLPPHGLDWDqXQDYLVLRQH
PROWRVHPSOLFHVXSHULRUHDTXDOVLDVLUDJLRQDPHQWRGLVFRUVLYRRGLPRVWUDWLYR
LQTXDQWRUDSSUHVHQWDODIRQWHVWHVVDGHOODGLPRVWUD]LRQH6LWUDWWDGLXQDYL
VLRQH LO FXL FRQWHQXWR H LPSOLFD]LRQL  QRQ VL SRVVRQR HVDXULUH R HVSULPHUH
DGHJXDWDPHQWHFRQSDUROHGHOOLQJXDJJLRXPDQRHLQFXLO
DQLPDqLQFRQ
WDWWRYLYRSHQHWUDQWHHGLOOXPLQDQWHFRQXQDUHDOWjFKHWRFFDHGDIIHUUD 

,QROWUH VHFRQGR 0DULWDLQ OLQWXL]LRQH HIIHWWXD H FDXVD  O KDELWXV

PHWDILVLFRODGLVSRVL]LRQHLQWHOOHWWXDOH0DULWDLQSDUODGLGXHWLSLGLOXFH
OXPHQ QHO QRVWUR SURFHVVR GL ULFRQRVFLPHQWR GHO PRQGR XQR UHODWLYR
DOO
RJJHWWR >GHOOD QRVWUD FRQRVFHQ]D@ LQ FXL JOL RJJHWWL VRQR FRQRVFLELOL GD


 7KRPDV 0HUWRQ 1LVKLGD $ =HQ 3KLORVRSKHU LQ KLV =HQ DQG WKH %LUGV RI $SSHWLWH
1HZ<RUN$1HZ'LUHFWLRQV(PSKDVLVDGGHG

 -DFTXHV 0DULWDLQ $ 3UHIDFH WR 0HWDSK\VLFV /RQGRQ 6KHHG  :DUG   7KLV
ERRNZDVRULJLQDOO\SXEOLVKHGLQ



0LFKLNR<XVD

SDUWHGHOO
LQWHOOHWWRHO
DOWURUHODWLYRDOOKDELWXVODOXFHVRJJHWWLYD4XHVWH
GXH OXFL VRQR SURSRU]LRQDOPHQWH FRUUHODWH LQ PRGR FKH SURSRU]LRQDWD D
TXHVWD
OXFH RJJHWWLYD
 F
q XQD
OXFH VRJJHWWLYD   ,Q DOWUH SDUROH OD FRVD
RJJHWWRGHOQRVWURLQWHOOHWWRHLOQRVWURLQWHOOHWWR(QWUDPEHTXHVWHOXFL
VLLOOXPLQDQRUHFLSURFDPHQWHHQHOODPLVXUDLQFXLEULOODQROXQDVXOODOWUD
FL DSURQR O
RUL]]RQWH GHOOD FRQRVFHQ]D 6HJXHQGR 0DULWDLQ SRVVLDPR GLUH
FKHO
LQWXL]LRQHDPSOLDODSRUWDWDGHOO
RUL]]RQWHHGDXPHQWDODOXPLQRVLWjGHO
OXPHQ ,Q EUHYH VHQ]D O
LQWXL]LRQH OD SRUWDWD H OD SURIRQGLWj GHOOD QRVWUD
SHUFH]LRQHGHOPRQGRVDUHEEHIRUWHPHQWHOLPLWDWD
3HU0DULWDLQO
LQWXL]LRQHqLQWHOOHWWXDOHDOFRQWUDULRGL%HUJVRQFKHOD
LQWHQGHYD ULVXOWDWR GHOOD YROL]LRQH  ,QROWUH OHVVHUH HYRFD O
LQWXL]LRQH
GDOO
LQWHOOHWWR H SHU PH]]R GL XQ FRQFHWWR >R@ GL XQ
LGHD  4XL 0DULWDLQ
FRQVLGHUDOLQWXL]LRQHULYHVWLWDGLXQDSDUROD6RVWDQ]LDOH4XHVWDSD
URODVRVWDQ]LDOHqXQFRQFHWWRRXQ
LGHDHGqSURQXQFLDWDGDOODUHDOWj

/
LQWHOOHWWRSURGXFHQGRXQDSDURODPHQWDOHFLRqFRQFHWWRDOOLQWHUQRGL
VqLQFRPELQD]LRQHFRQODUHDOWjUDJJLXQJHOHVVHUHFRPHWDOH 3RVVLDPR
TXLQGLGLUHFKHOLQWXL]LRQHIXQ]LRQDFRPHJXLGDHSRUWDO
LQWHOOHWWRYDOHD
GLUH OD IDFROWj FUHDWLYD D UDJJLXQJHUH OHVVHUH LQ TXDQWR WDOH 6HJXHQGR
0DULWDLQ SRVVLDPR GLUH FKH O
LQWXL]LRQH GHILQLVFH OD SRUWDWD GRUL]]RQWH H
DXPHQWD OD QLWLGH]]D GHOOD OXFH VRJJHWWLYD ,Q EUHYH VHQ]D O
LQWXL]LRQH OD
SRUWDWDHODSURIRQGLWjGHOODQRVWUDSHUFH]LRQHGHOPRQGRVDUHEEHURPROWR
OLPLWDWH
&HUWRTXHVWRQRQqQpLOOXRJRQpLOWHPSRSHUHQWUDUHQHOGHWWDJOLRGHO
VLVWHPD  HSLVWHPRORJLFR GL 0DULWDLQ  &L EDVWL TXLQGL QRWDUH FKH DEELDPR
XQ
LGHDHPEULRQDOHGHOO
LQWXL]LRQHVHFRQGR0DULWDLQFRVuFRPHGHOVXRPR

,ELG7KLUG/HFWXUHVHFWLRQ
2QWKLVSRLQW0DULWDLQZULWHV%HLQJGRHVQRWSURGXFHWKHLQWXLWLRQE\PHDQVRIWKDWVSH
FLHVRIV\PSDWK\ZKLFKGHPDQGVDYLROHQWUHWXUQRIWKHZLOOXSRQLWVHOIRIZKLFK%HUJVRQ
VSHDNV,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG(PSKDVLVDGGHG


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



GRGLSHQVDUHIRUPDPHQWLV/

LQWXL]LRQHqXQGRQRHODUJLWRGDOO
LQWHOOHWWR
HLQGLVSHQVDELOHDGRJQLPHWDILVLFR

Nishida sullIntuizione
3UHQGLDPR  RUD LQ FRQVLGHUD]LRQH 1LVKLGD OD FXL ILORVRILD q UDGLFDWD
QHOODVXDYLVLRQH=HQGHOPRQGRPDWXUDWDSHUROWUHXQGHFHQQLRDWWUDYHUVR
ODVXDSUDWLFDPHGLWDWLYD]D]HQ1HOVXRSULPRODYRURRUPDLFHOHEUH$Q,Q
TXLU\LQWRWKH*RRG=HQQR.HQN\XWLWRORLWDOLDQR8QR6WXGLRVXOEHQH 
HJOLHVSRQHODVXDSURSRVWDILORVRILFDIRQGDPHQWDOH
(VSHULUHVLJQLILFDFRQRVFHUHLIDWWLFRVuFRPHVRQR6FDUWDQGRFRPSOHWDPHQWH
L QRVWUL FRQJHJQL DUWLILFLDOL FL VRWWRPHWWLDPR DL IDWWL SHU FRQRVFHUOL &RQ LO
WHUPLQH
SXUR
PLULIHULVFRDOORVWDWRGHOO
HVSHULHQ]DVWHVVDVHQ]DPHVFRODUYL
QHPPHQR XQD EULFLROD  GL ULIOHVVLRQL R JLXGL]L LQWHOOHWWXDOL SHUFKp GL VROLWR
TXDQGRSDUOLDPRGL
HVSHULHQ]D
TXHVWDFRQWLHQHJLjXQDVRUWDGLSURFHVVRGL
SHQVLHUR

,QROWUH
QHOPRPHQWRVWHVVRGHOOHVSHULHQ]DGLUHWWDQRQYLqDQFRUDXQVRJJHWWRQpXQ
RJJHWWRLOFRQRVFHQWHHLOFRQRVFLXWRVRQRXQRLQXQLWjSHUIHWWD 

4XHVWD XQLWjSULPRUGLDOHGLVRJJHWWRHRJJHWWR q LO SXQWR GL SDUWHQ]D

GHOSHQVLHURILORVRILFRGL1LVKLGDFKHORSRUWDDGLQGDJDUHVXOODVWUXWWXUDLQ
WHUQDGHOOHVSHULHQ]DGHOODFRJQL]LRQHGHOORSHUD]LRQHPHQWDOHGHOODYROL
]LRQHGHOO
HVLVWHQ]DGHOO
DPELHQWHHGHOODVWRULDVHPSUHJXLGDWRGDOULFRQR
VFLPHQWRGHOODQDWXUDGDWDGHOQRVWURHVVHUHQHOPRQGR3HU1LVKLGDO
H
VSHULHQ]D LPPHGLDWD R HVSHULHQ]D  SXUD SUHFHGH OD FRQFHWWXDOL]]D]LRQH
FKHRWWHQLDPRTXDQGRODQRVWUDFRVFLHQ]DULIOHWWHVXOO
HVSHULHQ]DHODLQWHU


,ELG
7UDQVODWLRQLQWR,WDOLDQE\(QULFR)RQJDUR7RULQR%ROODWL%RULQJKLHUL

1LVKLGD.LWDU-XQVXLNHLNHQ>3XUHH[SHULHQFH@%RRN,RIWKH =HQQRNHQN\
>$QLQTXLU\LQWRWKH*RRG@FRPSLOHGLQWKH1LVKLGD.LWDU=HQVK7RN\R,ZDQDPL
6KRWHQ  YRO+HUHDIWHU WKLV  HGLWLRQ LV UHIHUUHG WR DV 1.=2 2
VWDQGLQJIRUWKHROGHGLWLRQLQFRQWUDGLVWLQFWLRQWRWKHQHZHGLWLRQRIIROORZHGE\WKH
YROXPH QXPEHU DQG WKH SDJH QXPEHUV LH 1.=2 7UDQVODWLRQV IURP 1LVKLGD LQWR
(QJOLVKDUHDOOP\RZQ

,ELG




0LFKLNR<XVD

SUHWD4XHVWDHVSHULHQ]DLPPHGLDWDFKLDPDWDDQFKHHVSHULHQ]DSXUDq
ODSLHWUDDQJRODUHGHOODVXDHSLVWHPRORJLDHILORVRILDSUDWLFD
0HUWRQQHOVXGGHWWRVDJJLRFKHLQWURGXFH1LVKLGDDOSXEEOLFRGLOHW
WXUD  LQJOHVH ID OD VHJXHQWH RVVHUYD]LRQH FKH FLWR SHU LQWHUR QHO FDVR VLD
XWLOH
&DUWHVLR WURYD OD VXD LQWXL]LRQH GL EDVH QHOOD FRQVDSHYROH]]D ULIOHVVLYD GHO
VRJJHWWR LQGLYLGXDOH SHQVDQWH ULPDQHQGR SHU FRVu GLUH DO GL IXRUL  GL DOWUL
RJJHWWL GL FRQRVFHQ]D   &RJLWR HUJR VXP 3HU 1LVKLGD FRPH LQ XQ DOWUR
FRQWHVWRSHU0DULWDLQFLzFKHYLHQHSULPDqO
LQWXL]LRQHXQLILFDQWHGHOODIRQ
GDPHQWDOHXQLWjGLVRJJHWWRHRJJHWWRQHOOHVVHUHRVVLDXQDSURIRQGDSUHVD
GLYLWDQHOODVXDFRQFUHWH]]DHVLVWHQ]LDOHDOODEDVHGHOODFRVFLHQ]D4XHVWD
XQLWjGLEDVHQRQqXQFRQFHWWRDVWUDWWRPDOHVVHUHVWHVVRFDULFRGHOGLQD
PLVPRGHOORVSLULWRHGHOO
DPRUH,QTXHVWRVHQVRVLSRWUHEEHD]]DUGDUHDGLUH
FKHLOSXQWRGLSDUWHQ]DGL1LVKLGDq VXPHUJRFRJLWR/DUHDOWjIRQGD
PHQWDOHQRQqQpHVWHUQDQpLQWHUQDQpRJJHWWLYDQpVRJJHWWLYD(
SULPDGL
WXWWHOHGLIIHUHQ]LD]LRQLHFRQWUDGGL]LRQL 

4XL DQFRUD XQD YROWD SRLFKp QRQ SRVVLDPR IDUH  XQ

DQDOLVL
GHWWDJOLDWDGHOODILORVRILDGL1LVKLGDDWWHQLDPRFLDFLzFKHGLFHVXOO
LQWXL]LRQH(JOLODGHVFULYHLQTXHVWRPRGR
&RQLOWHUPLQHLQWXL]LRQHQRQYRJOLRLQWHQGHUHQXOODFRPHXQDTXLHWDLP
PDJLQHGLTXDOFRVDFKHVLULIOHWWHVXOQRVWURVFKHUPRPHQWDOHQRLSHQVLDPR
DFULWLFDPHQWHFKHJXDUGLDPRXQDFRVDFRQJOLRFFKL3LXWWRVWRULWHQJRFKH
QHOOLQWXL]LRQH LO VRJJHWWR H O
RJJHWWR GLYHQWLQR XQD SXUD D]LRQH GLQDPLFD
FRPHDXWRGLVSLHJDPHQWRGHOVpVSLULWXDOH,QTXHVWRVHQVRSRVVLDPRFRQVL
GHUDUHO
LQWXL]LRQHFRPHIRUPDYROLWLYD,OOLPLWHHVWUHPRGHOODQRVWUDYROL]LR
QHqO
LQWXL]LRQH

 LQWHUHVVDQWH QRWDUH FKH TXL  1LVKLGD SURSHQGH YHUVR OD FRQFH]LRQH

EHUJVRQLDQD GHOOLQWXL]LRQH YROLWLYD VRSUDWWXWWR QHOOD FRQVLGHUD]LRQH FKH
0DULWDLQODQHJDHVSOLFLWDPHQWHLQVLVWHQGRDOFRQWUDULRVXOODVXDQDWXUDLQ
WHOOHWWXDOH&RPH%HUJVRQHJOLGHILQLVFHOLQWXL]LRQHFKHqHVVHQ]LDOHSHU
RJQLPHWDILVLFDLQFRQWUDGGL]LRQHFRQODQDOLVL



7KRPDV0HUWRQRSFLW(PSKDVLVLQLWDOLFVLVLQWKHRULJLQDO
1LVKLGD.LWDU&KRNNDQWRLVKL>7KHLQWXLWLRQDQGWKHZLOO@1.=2

:KHQKH ZDVVWDUWLQJRXW KLVSKLORVRSKLFDOFDUHHU \RXQJ1LVKLGD KDGIRXQG%HUJVRQ
V
WKRXJKW WR EH FRQJHQLDO ZLWK KLV RZQ SDWK RI WKLQNLQJ ,Q IDFW KH LQWURGXFHG %HUJVRQ
V
WKRXJKWIRUWKHILUVWWLPHWRWKH-DSDQHVHSKLORVRSK\VWXGHQWVLQKLV%HUXJXVRQQRWHWVXJD
NXWH NL KKURQ >%HUJVRQ
V SKLORVRSKLFDO PHWKRG@ SXEOLVKHG LQ 1RYHPEHU  6HH


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



&RQ LQWXL]LRQH VL LQWHQGH LO WLSR GL VLPSDWLD LQWHOOHWWXDOH FRQ FXL FL VL SRQH
DOO
LQWHUQRGLXQRJJHWWRLQPRGRGDFRLQFLGHUHFRQFLzFKHqXQLFRLQHVVRH
GLFRQVHJXHQ]DLQHVSULPLELOH/DQDOLVLDOFRQWUDULRqO
RSHUD]LRQHFKHULGX
FHO
RJJHWWRDHOHPHQWLJLjQRWLFLRqDGHOHPHQWLFRPXQLVLDDGHVVRFKHDG
DOWULRJJHWWL

$OWURYH%HUJVRQGLPRVWUDODVXDFRQFH]LRQHGHOODQDWXUDIRQGDPHQWDOH
GHOO LQWXL]LRQH H GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D YROLWLYD TXDQGR DIIHUPD DG HVHPSLR OD
FRVFLHQ]DGHYHDOPHQRDFFRQVHQWLUHDIDUHORVIRU]RGLJLXQJHUHGDVROD
DOO
LQWXL]LRQH RSSXUHTXDQGRPLVRVWLWXLVFRQHOODGXUDWDDWWUDYHUVRXQR
VIRU]RG
LQWXL]LRQHKROLPPHGLDWDSHUFH]LRQHGLFRPHHVVD>FLRqODGXUDWD@
VLDXQLWjPROWHSOLFLWjHPROWHDOWUHFRVHDQFRUD 
,QXQDOWURVDJJLRGL1LVKLGDVFULWWRSRFRSULPDGLTXHOORDSSHQDFLWD
WR GDO WLWROR &Lz FKH qLPPHGLDWDPHQWHGDWR  &KRNXVHWVXQL DWDHUDUHUX
PRQR DEELDPRXQDVVDJJLRGHOODVXDYLVLRQHGHOPRQGRLQFXLLO
VRJJHWWR FRQRVFHQWH q GHVFULWWR FRPH IOXWWXDQWH VX TXDOFRVD GL  SL JUDQGH H
SHUILQRSLSURIRQGR(JOLVFULYH
&LzFKHVLSRQHGLIURQWHDQRLFRPHTXDOFRVDGLRJJHWWLYRFRPHFLzFKHq
GDWRLPPHGLDWDPHQWHDOSHQVLHURVWHVVRQRQqSHUQXOODXQDSHUFH]LRQHFR
VWLWXLWD GDO SHQVLHUR PD q TXDOFRVD GL VLPLOH DOO LQWXL]LRQH DUWLVWLFD LQ FXL
VRJJHWWRHRJJHWWRVRQR XQR &LRqTXHVWR>YDOHDGLUHFLzFKHqGDWRDQRL
LPPHGLDWDPHQWH FRPH  QRVWUR
RJJHWWR
@ QRQ q LO PRQGR HVWHUQR FKH VWD GL
IURQWHDOQRVWURVWHVVRSHQVLHURPDSLXWWRVWRqFLzFKHORDYYROJH3HUGHVFUL
YHUORFKLDPRTXHVWRHVSHULHQ]DGLUHWWDRHVSHULHQ]DSXUD,OFRQWHQXWR
GHOODFRVFLHQ]DGDWRFLLPPHGLDWDPHQWHQRQqGHWHUPLQDWRGDOOHFDWHJRULHGL
WHPSRVSD]LRHLQGLYLGXR/DQRVWUDFRVFLHQ]DGHOODUHDOWjQRQqVRORFROOH
JDWDDOPRQGRGHJOLRJJHWWLFRJQLWLYLPDqDQFKHLPPHGLDWDPHQWHFRQQHVVD
DOPRQGRFKHWUDVFHQGHODQRVWUDFRJQL]LRQH/DQRVWUDFRVFLHQ]DGHOODUHDOWj
1.=2  ,Q WLPH KRZHYHU 1LVKLGD
V WKRXJKW GHYHORSHG LQ D GLIIHUHQW GLUHFWLRQ
IURP WKDW RI %HUJVRQ
V 1HYHUWKHOHVV KH UHPDLQHG FULWLFDOO\ V\PSDWKHWLF WR %HUJVRQ
WKURXJKRXWKLVOLIH

+HQUL%HUJVRQ$Q,QWURGXFWLRQWR0HWDSK\VLFVWUDQV7(+XOPH1HZ<RUN /RQ
GRQ*33XWQDP
V6RQV(PSKDVLVRULJLQDO%HUJVRQ
VRULJLQDOHVVD\LQ)UHQFK
ZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ,QWURGXFWLRQj0pWDSK\VLTXH5HYXHGHOD0pWDSK\VLTXHHWGH0R
UDOHYRO-DQXDU\

,ELG(PSKDVLVDGGHG

,ELG(PSKDVLVDGGHG

 1LVKLGD .LWDU &KRNXVHWVX QL DWDHUDUHUX PRQR SXEOLVKHG LQ 6HSWHPEHU  LQ
7HWVXJDNX.HQN\>WKH-RXUQDORI3KLORVRSKLFDO6WXGLHV@,PSHULDO8QLYHUVLW\RI.\RWR
1.=2



0LFKLNR<XVD

IOXWWXDVXFLzFKHqLQILQLWDPHQWHJUDQGHHSURIRQGR,OPRWLYRSHUFXLFRQ
VLGHULDPR TXHVWD FRVFLHQ]D GHOOD UHDOWj FRPH TXDOFRVD GL GHOLPLWDWR R GH
WHUPLQDWRqSHUFKpSHQVLDPR>LOPRQGR@GDOSXQWRGLYLVWDGHOVpILQLWRFKHq
FRVWUXLWR>GDOQRVWURFRQFHWWR@,OVpFRVFLHQWHQRQSXzHVVHUHRJJHWWLYD
PHQWHVFDQGDJOLDWR$QFKHVHVXELWRGRSRLOVpFKHXQLILFDODIRUPDHLO
FRQWHQXWRGHOODFRVFLHQ]DSXzHVVHUHRJJHWWLYDPHQWHULOHYDWRTXHVWRQRQqLO
YHURHYLWDOHVpFRVFLHQWH4XHVWRVpYLWDOHqVHQ]DOHJDPLHOLEHUR,OVq
LQD]LRQHqVHPSUHGLXQRUGLQHVXSHULRUHULVSHWWRDOVpRJJHWWLYDWR 

2UDULDVVXPLDPR6HFRQGR1LVKLGDODSLSXUDLQWXL]LRQHqSLFKLD
UDPHQWH YLVLELOH QHOOD QRVWUD FUHDWLYLWj DUWLVWLFD FKH FRPSUHQGH OLQWHUD YL
VLRQHGLFLzFKHODUWLVWDVWDSHUFUHDUH/RJJHWWRTXDOHGDWXPGHOODQR
VWUD FRVFLHQ]D VHFRQGR 1LVKLGD q LQ  UHDOWj GHO PRQGR LQ TXDQWR SL
JUDQGHGHOVqFRVFLHQWHHVVHQGRFLzFKHORDYYROJH)OXWWXLDPRVXOODVX
SHUILFLHGLTXHVWDYDVWDFRVFLHQ]DTXDOFRVDFRPHXQJUDQGHRFHDQRGLFR
VFLHQ]DRSLVHPSOLFHPHQWHLOPRQGR,QTXHVWRFRQWHVWRSRVVLDPRULDO
ODFFLDUFLDOO
LQFRQVFLRGHOODSVLFRORJLDMXQJKLDQDRDOO\DYLMxDQDLO
PDJD]]LQR GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D GHO  %XGGKLVPR 0DKD\DQD 1LVKLGD DUULYD D
FKLDPDUHTXHVWRPRGXVHVVHQGLODGLPRUDGHOQRVWURHVVHUHLQTXHVWR
PRQGR VWRULFR FRPH SHU HVHPSLR LO QRVWUR HVVHUHQHOPRQGR DWWUDYHUVR
OLGHDGLWRSRVREDVKRLOOXRJR/HVSHULHQ]DLPPHGLDWDRSXUDqSRVVL
ELOHSHUFKpQRLVLDPRJLjDYYROWLLQFLzFKHqGDWRDOODQRVWUDFRVFLHQ]DQRL
HVLVWLDPRLQTXDOFKHOXRJR

L'intuizione secondo Panikkar

6HSRVVRRVDUHGLHVVHUHFRVuDXGDFHGDGHVFULYHUHODSRVL]LRQHPHWDIL
VLFD GL 3DQLNNDU PL SHUPHWWR GL PRVWUDUOD LQ TXHVWR PRGR 3HU TXDQWR UL
JXDUGDO
LQWXL]LRQHODSRVL]LRQHGL3DQLNNDUVLDYYLFLQDDTXHOODGL0DULWDLQ
,Q 3DQLNNDU OLQWXL]LRQH q VLQRQLPR GL FRQVDSHYROH]]D VLPEROLFD R
SHUFH]LRQH GHO WHU]R RFFKLR  3DQLNNDU GLIIHULVFH GD 0DULWDLQ LQ TXDQWR
GLVWLQJXHWUDFRQFHWWLHQR]LRQLRLGHH3HU3DQLNNDULFRQFHWWLVRQR
SDJOLD VHFFD H WDJOLDWD PHQWUH OH QR]LRQL VRQR DSHUWH DOOD GLPHQVLRQH


,ELG1.=2(PSKDVLVDGGHG
 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU 7KH 5K\WKP RI %HLQJ 7KH *LIIRUG /HFWXUHV 0DU\NQROO 1< 2UELV
%RRNVSDVVLP6HHP\UHFHQWHVVD\$Q$GYDLWLF0DWWHU3HEEOHV6SHDN&,53,7
5HYLHZ6XSSOHPHQW1R2FWREHU:DVKLQJWRQ3URFHHGLQJV


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



VLPEROLFD,QROWUHSHU3DQLNNDUVLPERORqXQDOWUDSDURODFKHVWDSHUHV
VHUHHLQTXDQWRWDOHGRYUHEEHHVVHUHGLVWLQWDGDVHJQRHFRQFHWWR
,QWHUPLQLGLYLVLRQHFRVPRWHDQGULFDODSRVL]LRQHGL3DQLNNDUVLDYYL
FLQD D TXHOOD GL 1LVKLGD LQ SDUWLFRODUH SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OD YDOXWD]LRQH
SRVLWLYDGHOODPDWHULD6HEEHQH0DULWDLQSDUOLGHOODGLQDPLFDGHOFRQRVFL
WRUH FKH  GLYHQWD OD FRVD FRQRVFLXWD QHOOD FRQRVFHQ]D YHUD HJOL VHPEUD
DYHUPDQWHQXWRODGLFRWRPLDWUDPDWHULDHVSLULWR6XTXHVWRSXQWR3DQLNNDU
FRPSLHXQDURWWXUDUDGLFDOHFRQODWUDGL]LRQDOHYLVLRQHFULVWLDQDLQJHQHUDOH
,OVXRVWXGLRVXOODWUDGL]LRQH9HGLFDORKDSRUWDWRDFRQIURQWDUVLFRQO
DQWLFD
YLVLRQHLQGLDQDGHOFRVPRLQFXLJOLGqLVRQRDOFRQWHPSRHOHPHQWLQDWXUDOL
,QROWUHLOVXRVWXGLRGHOODFKLPLFDSXzDYHUFRQWULEXLWRDTXDOFKHLQWXL]LRQH
VXOODQDWXUDGHOODPDWHULD/DPDWHULDqXQDSDUWHLUULGXFLELOHGHOODUHDOWjSHU
3DQLNNDU/HJJLDPRQHOVXR7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJ,O5LWPRGHOO(VVHUH
1RQVLDPRLQJUDGRGLSHUFHSLUHSHQVDUHHIDUHHVSHULHQ]DVHQ]DODPDWHULD
LOORJRVHORVSLULWR3HQVLHURHFRQVDSHYROH]]DVSLULWXDOHQRQVRQRSRVVLELOL
VHQ]D OD PDWHULD FLRq VHQ]D LO FRUSR7XWWL L QRVWUL SHQVLHUL PRQGL VWDWL GL
FRVFLHQ]DHVLPLOLVRQRDQFKHPDWHULDHKDQQRXQDEDVHPDWHULDOH$OORVWHV
VRPRGRODQRVWUDPHQWHQRQDYUHEEHYLWDLQL]LDWLYDOLEHUWjHSRUWDWDLQGH
ILQLWDWXWWHPHWDIRUHVHORVSLULWRQRQIRVVHLQDJJXDWRSHUFRVuGLUHGLHWUR
RDOGLVRSUDHODPDWHULDIRVVHQDVFRVWDVRWWR 

4XHVWRSULYLOHJLRGDWRDOODPDWHULDLQXQFRQWHVWRWULQLWDULRFULVWLDQR
FDUDWWHUL]]DODVSLULWXDOLWjGL3DQLNNDUFKHDEEUDFFLDOHWUHGLPHQVLRQLPD
WHULDOHUD]LRQDOHHVSLULWXDOHRUHOLJLRVD4XHVWRUDSSUHVHQWDLOFXRUHGHOOD
VXDIDPRVDDIIHUPD]LRQH,RVRQRSDUWLWRFULVWLDQRPLVRQRVFRSHUWRLQ
G H VRQR ULWRUQDWR EXGGKLVWD VHQ]D DYHU PDL FHVVDWR GL HVVHUH  FULVWLD
QR 

Il ruolo dellintuizione negli studi interculturali

4XHVWHGLIIHUHQ]HULJXDUGRFLzFKHUDSSUHVHQWDO
LQWXL]LRQHSUHVVRLWUH
ILORVRILDSSDLRQRSLVRWWLOLTXDQGRVLWUDWWDGLSDVVDUHDOODWWRSUDWLFRGHOOD
FRQRVFHQ]D$WDOSURSRVLWR0DULWDLQKDXQLQWHUHVVDQWHSDVVDJJLRFKHSDUOD


,ELG
 6FRWW (DVWKDP ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU 7KH &RVPRWKHDQGULF ([SHULHQFH
HPHUJLQJUHOLJLRXVFRQVFLRXVQHVV0DU\NQROO1<2UELV%RRNVY





0LFKLNR<XVD

GLVYXRWDPHQWRGHOVpFKHVLDYYLFLQDPROWRDGXQLQVHJQDPHQWR=HQ&L
WLDPR
  YHUR DIIHUPDUH FKH TXHVWD LQWXL]LRQH >GL HVVHUH@ VL SURGXFH SHU PH]]R
GHOO
D]LRQH YLWDOH GHO QRVWUR LQWHOOHWWR LQWHQGR YLWDOPHQWH   ULFHWWLYR H FRQ
WHPSODWLYRFRPHDGLUHFKHVLDPRQRLDSURGXUOD(
GLIILFLOHLQTXDQWRqGLI
ILFLOHDUULYDUHDOJUDGRGLSXULILFD]LRQHLQWHOOHWWXDOHFKHSURGXFHTXHVWRDWWR
LQ QRL WDQWR GD GLYHQWDUH VXIILFLHQWHPHQWH GLVLPSHJQDWL VXIILFLHQWHPHQWH
YXRWLWDQWRGDVHQWLUHFLzFKHWXWWHOHFRVHVXVVXUUDQRHWDQWRGDDVFROWDUHLQ
YHFH GL SUHSDUDUHULVSRVWH  'REELDPR UDJJLXQJHUH XQ FHUWR OLYHOOR GL VSLUL
WXDOLWjLQWHOOHWWXDOH

$ TXHVWR SURSRVLWR 3DQLNNDU SDUOD GL DWWHJJLDPHQWR HFRVRILFR QHO

PRQGR FRVPRWHDQWURSLFR H 1LVKLGD SDUOD GL VSLULWXDOLWj LQ WHUPLQL GL WUD
VFHQGHQ]D LPPDQHQWH QHO PRQGR DVVROXWDPHQWH FRQWUDGGLWWRULR LGHQWLFR D
VHVWHVVR
&LzFKHRWWHQLDPRGDOO
LQGDJLQHGLFXLVRSUDqXQSHUFRUVRPHWRGROR
JLDGLVWXGLLQWHUFXOWXUDOL4XHVWLWUHSHQVDWRULVRQRG
DFFRUGRVXXQSXQWR
VHJXLUH OLQWXL]LRQH H ODVFLDUVL DYYROJHUH GDOOH ULFFKH UHDOWj FKH VL DSURQR
GDYDQWLDQRLVDSHQGRFKHFLWURYLDPRJLjLQTXHVWRPRQGRGLFXLVLILORVR
ID
   
,OSUHVHQWHDUWLFRORqVWDWRRULJLQDULDPHQWHFRPSRVWRSHULO&RQYHJQR
VXOODILORVRILDLQWHUFXOWXUDOHVYROWRVLSUHVVRO
8QLYHUVLWjGL6LHQDLORWWR
EUH
3HUVRQDOPHQWHWURYDUPLLQFRPSDJQLDGLVWXGLRVLHXURSHLLQXQFOLPD
LQWHOOHWWXDOH IRUVH SL PHWDILVLFR FKH LQ 1RUG $PHULFD q VWDWD XQD VILGD
HPR]LRQDQWHHGDQFKHXQ
RSSRUWXQLWjGLXQSURILFXRGLDORJRFRQVWXGLRVLH
FROOHJKLHXURSHL
/
DWWHJJLDPHQWRGLDSHUWXUDULFHWWLYDGRYUHEEHODVFLDUVSD]LRDOOLQ
WXL]LRQHLQJUDGRGLWUDVIRUPDUHJOLVFDPELLQWHUFXOWXUDOLLQHVSHULHQ]DGLYL
WD+RTXLQGLDSSUH]]DWRGLWURYDUPLLQTXHVWROXRJR6LHQDFRQVDSHYROHGHO
VXR LQHVWLPDELOH SDWULPRQLR VWRULFR H FXOWXUDOH DIILGDQGRPL DOOD FDORURVD
DFFRJOLHQ]DGHLQRVWULDPLFL$QFKHVHLOQRVWURVRJJLRUQRqVWDWRPROWREUH


0DULWDLQ$3UHIDFHWR0HWDSK\VLFVRSFLW(PSKDVLVDGGHG

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



YHHURSLHQDPHQWHFRQYLQWDFKHVLVDUHEEHLQYHUDWDODIDPRVDSURPHVVDGL
TXHVWDFLWWj&250$*,67,%,6(1$3$1',76LHQDWLDSUHXQFXRUH
SL JUDQGH  ,O PLR FRPSLWR HUD TXHOOR GL HYRFDUH OD PLD PXVD LO ORJRV
O
LQWHOOLJLELOLWjHLOOLQJXDJJLRHODSKLOLDDPRUHHDPLFL]LDSHUFKpIRVVHUR
DOPLRILDQFRSHUWURYDUHLOPRGRGLVHQWLUHLOSROVRGHLFROOHJKLHGHJOLVWX
GHQWLWUDLOSXEEOLFRHSRWHUDSSUH]]DUHOHULFFKH]]HGHOOXRJREHQHGHWWRGD
XQDWUDGL]LRQHFXOLQDULDHYLWLYLQLFROD4XHVWRDWWHJJLDPHQWRGLDSHUWXUDUL
FHWWLYDFRQWUDVWDFRQTXHOORGLFKLVLDYYLFLQDDGXQQXRYRDPELHQWHDUPD
WRGHLSURSULFRQFHWWLHGRELHWWLYLFDOFRODWL3HUFKpFRPHDIIHUPDYDQRLILOR
VRILSRLFKpFLWURYLDPRJLjTXLHLQHVVRO
DSSURFFLRGLDSHUWXUDULFHWWLYD
SURGXFH XQ WLSR GL FRPSUHQVLRQH LQWHUFXOWXUDOH TXDOLWDWLYDPHQWH GLYHUVR
FKHSXzDSULUHQXRYHSRUWHHIDYRULUHXQDSLULFFDPXWXDFRPSUHQVLRQHGL
QRLVWHVVL
4XHVWRDPLRDYYLVRSHQVRVLDLOSHUFRUVRFKH3DQLNNDUKDPRVWUDWRDL
VXRLVWXGHQWLFRQLOVXRLQVHJQDPHQWRGXUDQWHODVXDYLWD



7KLVLQVFULSWLRQLVIRXQGRQWKHIURQWRI3RUWD&DPROOLD6HQDLVWKH/DWLQQDPHIRU6L
HQD6HHKWWSZZZFROXPELDHGXDFLVHWV*UDHVVHRUEODWVKWPO

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



Raimon Panikkar e la questione dellaFilosofia a confronto

con la filosofia comparata.

5DOSK:HEHU 8QLYHUVLWjGL=XULJR

Abstract
,QWKLVVKRUWWH[W,RIIHUDQDQDO\VLVRIDQHVVD\E\5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUWKDWFRQWLQXHVWREH
JUHDWO\LQIOXHQWLDOLQFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\FLUFOHV0\JRDOLVQRWVRPXFKWRFRYHUWKH
HQWLUHRSHUDRPQLDRI3DQLNNDULQDFRPSUHKHQVLYHPDQQHUQRUWRGRMXVWLFHWRKLPDVD
SHUVRQDQGVFKRODU,DGPLWWHGO\IDLOLQERWKUHJDUGVEXWWREULQJRXWLQWRWKHRSHQZKDW
LQKLVHVVD\RQFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\LVRQO\LPSOLFLWO\SUHVHQWZKDWLVSUHVXPHGEXW
QRWH[SOLFDWHGDQGZKDWSHUKDSVRQO\WKRVHZHOOYHUVHGLQKLVRWKHUZRUNVZLOOLPPHGLDWHO\
XQGHUVWDQG ,Q YLHZ RI WKH IDFW WKDW WKRVH ZRUNLQJ ZLWKLQ FRPSDUDWLYH SKLORVRSK\ KDYH
FRPHWRDSSUHFLDWH3DQLNNDUVHVVD\DVDFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHVHOIXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGPHWK
RGRORJ\RIWKHGLVFLSOLQH,YHQWXUHWRDUJXHWKDWWKLVLVLIDQ\WKLQJDPLVUHDGLQJRIZKDW
WKHHVVD\LVDERXWZKHWKHULWLVDSURGXFWLYHPLVUHDGLQJLVDQRWKHUTXHVWLRQ3DQLNNDULV
SXUVXLQJ KLV SKLORVRSKLFDOTXDUHOLJLRXV DJHQGD LQ WKH IRUP RI LPSDUDWLYH SKLORVRSK\
ZKLFKKHUHFRPPHQGVDVDVXSHULRUW\SHRIFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\0\PDLQFRQWHQWLRQLV
WKDW3DQLNNDUVUHFRPPHQGDWLRQIDOOVVKRUWERWKRQWKHOHYHORIDUJXPHQWDWLRQDVZHOODV
RQWKHOHYHORIWKHLPSHUDWLYHVRILPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\LWVHOI

1HOOH VXH *LIIRUG /HFWXUHV LO 5LWPR GHOO

(VVHUH 5DLPRQ 3DQLNNDU
VFULYH FKH WXWWL QRL SHQVLDPR GHQWUR XQ PLWR GDWR GDO TXDOH QRQ FL SRV
VLDPRHPDQFLSDUHDOPHQRQRQGHOWXWWRSHUFKpVHIRVVLPRLQJUDGRGLIDUH
LQPRGRFKHLOPLWRQRQSRVVDSLHVLVWHUHQRQVDUHEEHSLLOQRVWURPLWR
QRQVDUHEEHSLTXHOORLQFXLFUHGLDPR 6RQRG
DFFRUGRVXTXHVWRSXQWRH
TXLQGLYRUUHLLQL]LDUHFRQDOFXQHRVVHUYD]LRQLUHODWLYHDOPLWRDOOLQWHUQRGHO
TXDOH L VHJXHQWL SHQVLHUL SUHQGRQR DYYLR VDSHQGR FKH DQFKH YROHQGR QRQ
ULXVFLUzDFDUDWWHUL]]DUHLOPLRPLWRLQWHUDPHQWHGDOOHVWHUQR3XzHVVHUHID
FLOPHQWHULFRQRVFLELOHLOFDUDWWHUHQDUFLVLVWDGLXQWDOHLQL]LRHSXzIRUVHHV
VHUHJLXVWLILFDWRGDOVXRVSHFLILFRRJJHWWROLQWHQWRGLVHJQDODUHO
LQFRPSD
WLELOLWjVRVWDQ]LDOHHSURIRQGDWUD3DQLNNDUHLOPLRPLWR
,OPLRPLWRVDUHEEHVWDWRYDULDPHQWHGHVFULWWRGD3DQLNNDUFRPHTXHO
ORGLXQQRQFUHGHQWHGLTXDOFXQRFKHSHUVHJXHXQDULWPHWLFDFRQFHWWXD
OHLOPLWRGLXQPRQRFXOWXUDOLVWDLQEUHYHGLXQILJOLRGHOODVFLHQ]DPR


53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJ7KH*LIIRUG/HFWXUHV2UELV%RRNV0DU\NQROO1<





5DOSK:HEHU

GHUQD H GHOOD FXOWXUD  6RQR  SL R PHQR G

DFFRUGR ,O PLWR GL 3DQLNNDU
GDOWUDSDUWHVRGGLVIDO
DXWRUHIHUHQ]LDOLWjGLXQSURFHVVRLQWHULRUHLQWHUFXO
WXUDOHGLXQFUHGHQWHDQFKHVHDQWLPRQRWHLVWLFRPDVHPSUHVHFRQGROLPL
WREHDWLILFRHSHUVLQRVDOYLILFRVXOODEDVHGLXQSHQVLHURVLPEROLFRSLXWWRVWR
FKHFRQFHWWXDOH3XzVRUJHUHXQSLFFRORGXEELRTXDQGR3DQLNNDUQHOODSDUWH
ILQDOHGHOOHVXH*LIIRUG/HFWXUHVGHVFULYHLOPLWRHPHUJHQWHGLFXLFUHGH
FKHLOPRQGRPRGHUQRDEELDGLVSHUDWRELVRJQR6RUJHLOGXEELRFKHTXHVWR
PLWRVLDLQJUDQSDUWHVHQRQGHOWXWWRFRQJUXHQWHFRQLOPLWRFRVPRWHDQGUL
FRGL3DQLNNDU1RQSRVVRHVSRUYLOHPLHUDJLRQLPDSRVVRVHPSOLFHPHQ
WH DPPHWWHUH FKHQRQWURYRQpFDSRQpFRGD QHOOD YLVLRQH VDOYLILFDGHOL
QHDWDQHO5LWPRGHOO
(VVHUHDOSXQWRFKHVLSRVVDDPPHWWHUHLOPLRXVRGHO
WHUPLQH
LQFRPSDWLELOLWj
SHUTXDOLILFDUHODGLIIHUHQ]DWUD3DQLNNDUHLOPLR
PLWR 
4XLQGLVHPEUHUHEEHQRQHVLVWHUHXQPRGRSHUPHH3DQLNNDUGLUSRWHU
HQWUDUH LQ XQ GLDORJR IHFRQGR SHU QRQ SDUODUH GL TXHOOR  GLDORJLFR PD
TXHVWRqHVDWWDPHQWHTXHOORFKHYRUUHLWHQWDUHHSHQVRFKHVLDSRVVLELOHJUD
]LHDGXQVDJJLRFKHHJOLVFULVVHPROWLDQQLIDSXEEOLFDWRQHOLQTXHOOR
FKH YLHQH FRQVLGHUDWRWXWWRUDXQ DXWRUHYROHWHVWRGLILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD 6L
WUDWWD GL XQ VDJJLR  SUHVHQWDWR SHU OD SULPD YROWD QHO  DOOLQFRQWUR
GHOO$VVRFLD]LRQH GL )LORVRILD DVLDWLFD H FRPSDUDWD DOOH +DZDLL H FKH KR
VHPSUHDSSUH]]DWRPROWRSHUPROWHUDJLRQLDQFKHVHRJJLPLVRQRGHFLVRD
GLVFXWHUQHGDXQDSURVSHWWLYDSLFULWLFD,OVDJJLRGL3DQLNNDUKDLOPHUDYL
JOLRVR WLWROR &KH FRVD FRQIURQWD OD ILORVRILDFRPSDUDWD" 0ROWLGLYRL
VDUDQQR VHQ]DOWURDFRQRVFHQ]DGLTXHVWR VDJJLR PD YRUUHL ULFRUGDUHEUH
YHPHQWHLOVXRFRQWHQXWRSHUFRORURFKHQRQORVRQR,OVDJJLRSUHVHQWDGHL
VRWWRWLWROL PD q FKLDUDPHQWH GLYLVR LQ WUH SDUWL SULQFLSDOL LQVLHPH DG XQD
EUHYHLQWURGX]LRQHHDOOHSDUWLFRQFOXVLYH

53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJFLWSDVVLP )RUPRQRFXOWXUDOLVWVHH53DQLNNDU
5HOLJLRQ3KLORVRSK\DQG&XOWXUHWUDQV5REHUW9DFKRQSRO\ORJ)RUXPIRU,QWHUFXOWXU
DO3KLORVRSK\RQOLQHKWWSJRRJO1.%Z

)RUVRPHULJKWO\VFHSWLFDOUHPDUNVRQ3DQLNNDUVFRVPRWKHDQGULVPYLVjYLVPRGHUQVFL
HQFH LQ ZKDW JHQHUDOO\ LV DQ DSSUHFLDWLYH GLVFXVVLRQ RI KLV ZRUNV FI - 3UDEKX /RVW LQ
7UDQVODWLRQ 3DQLNNDUV ,QWHUFXOWXUDO 2G\VVH\ LQ - 3UDEKX HG 7KH ,QWHUFXOWXUDO &KDO
OHQJHRI5DLPRQ3DQLNNDU2UELV%RRNV0DU\NQROO1<

 5 3DQLNNDU :KDW LV FRPSDUDWLYH SKLORVRSK\ FRPSDULQJ" LQ *- /DUVRQ DQG (
'HXWVFK HGV ,QWHUSUHWLQJ $FURVV %RXQGDULHV 1HZ (VVD\V LQ &RPSDUDWLYH 3KLORVRSK\
3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV3ULQFHWRQ

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



,OVDJJLRLQL]LDFRQXQEUHYHFRPPHQWRLQWURGXWWLYRVXOODSUREOHPDWL
FDDWWXDOHGHJOLVWXGLFRPSDUDWLLQWHVLGDOO2FFLGHQWHFRPHVWUXPHQWRSR
OLWLFR SHU LO FRQWUROOR GHO TXDGUR JOREDOH GHO PRQGR XQ TXDGUR LQ FXL OD
ILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDQRQRVWDQWHODVXDLQWULQVHFDWHQGHQ]DDVXSHUDUHOD
SOXUDOLWjSRWUHEEHILQLUHSHUIDUVLFRPSURPHWWHUHOHJLWWLPL]]DQGRVLVWHPL
UHFLSURFDPHQWH LQFRQFLOLDELOL  ,QROWUH SURSULR DOO
LQL]LR 3DQLNNDU HVSRQH
ODVXDWHVLSULQFLSDOHDIIHUPDQGRFKHLQVHQVRVWUHWWRODILORVRILDFRPSDUDWD
qXQDGLVFLSOLQDLPSRVVLELOHHLQGLSHQGHQWHFKHVLVIRU]DWXWWDYLDGLULFRQR
VFHUHODVXDVWHVVDLPSRVVLELOLWjS 
1HOOD SULPD SDUWH GHO VDJJLR SS  3DQLNNDU FHUFD GL GLPR
VWUDUH FKH OD GLVFLSOLQD GHOOD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD q LPSRVVLELOH /
DIIHUPD
]LRQH FKH WDOH ILORVRILD VLD XQD GLVFLSOLQD LQGLSHQGHQWH >@ FKH FL OLEHUD
GDJOLRUL]]RQWLOLPLWDWLGLXQDVLQJRODYLVXDOHILORVRILFDYLHQHUHVSLQWDFRPH
XQ
LOOXVLRQH 5LSHWXWDPHQWHVLSRQHODGRPDQGDVXFKHWLSRGLILORVRILD
VLDTXHOODFRPSDUDWDHFKHYDOLGLWjDEELDTXHVWDGRPDQGD3DQLNNDUVHQH
HVFHFRQXQDVRUWDGLSDUDGRVVRDOOD5XVVHOOTXHOORFKHOXLFKLDPDXQGL
OHPPD LQ TXDQWR OD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD VHPEUD RVFLOODUH WUD O
HVVHUH XQD
PHWDILORVRILDFKHVRUPRQWDDQFRUDXQ
DOWUDILORVRILDFLRqFRQWHQXWDQHOOD
VHULHGHOOHILORVRILHHGHVVHUHXQDILORVRILDTXDOLWDWLYDPHQWHVHSDUDWDGDWXW
WHOHDOWUHILORVRILHFLRqQRQFRQWHQXWDQHOODVHULHHOHVSULPHUHXQJLXGL
]LRVXGLHVVHGDTXLODSUHVXQWDLPSRVVLELOLWj 
1HOODVHFRQGDSDUWHTXHOODFHQWUDOHSS3DQLNNDUVLSUHRF
FXSD GL PRVWUDUH FKH OD GLVFLSOLQD GHOOD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD q LPSRVVLELO
PHQWH LQGLSHQGHQWH H QH DQDOL]]D FLQTXH WLSRORJLH ULOHYDQWL , OD ILORVRILD
WUDVFHQGHQWDOH ,, OD ILORVRILD IRUPDOH R VWUXWWXUDOH  ,,, OD ILORVRILD GHO
OLQJXDJJLR ,9 OD ILORVRILD IHQRPHQRORJLFD H OD VXD VWHVVD 9 ILORVRILD
GLDORJLFDRLPSDUDWLYD1HVVXQDGLTXHVWHWLSRORJLHFRPHHJOLVFULYHRIIUH
LQ XOWLPD DQDOLVL XQD EDVH VRGGLVIDFHQWH SHU XQD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD YHUD
PHQWHLQGLSHQGHQWH 0DVHFRQGRODYLVLRQHGL3DQLNNDUODILORVRILDLPSD
UDWLYDGHYHHVVHUHSUHIHULWDGDOPRPHQWRFKHVRVWLHQHXQDWWHJJLDPHQWRGL
DSHUWXUDILORVRILFDSURQWRDGLPSDUDUHGDTXDOVLDVLSURVSHWWLYDILORVRILFDPD
VHQ]D OD SUHWHVD GL FRPSDUDUH OH ILORVRILH GD XQ  SXQWR GL YLVWD VXSHULR

53DQLNNDU:KDWLVFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\FRPSDULQJ"FLW
,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG




5DOSK:HEHU

UHRELHWWLYR H QHXWUDOH  ,QROWUH LQYHVWLWD GL XQD FRVFLHQ]D GHFLVDPHQWH

FULWLFDODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDSURPHWWHGLDSULUHXQDYLDYHUVRTXHOSOX
UDOLVPRILORVRILFRFKHKDVXSHUDWROHSURYLQFLDOLYLVLRQLVFLRYLQLVWH 
1HOOD WHU]D SDUWH SS  3DQLNNDU LQGDJD VXOOD TXHVWLRQH GHO
JLXVWRPHWRGRGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDHSUHVHQWDODVXDHUPHQHXWLFDGLD
WRSLFD TXDOH ULVSRVWD DOOD GRPDQGD /D VILGD HUPHQHXWLFD GL RWWHQHUH OD
FRPSUHQVLRQHWUDLFRQILQLGLGXHRSLFXOWXUHQHOODGHVFUL]LRQHGL3D
QLNNDU q  VRODPHQWH JUDGXDOH GLYHUVD GDL FRQILQL ILORVRILFL LQWUDFXOWXUDOL
GLYHUVDDWDOSXQWRFKHJLXVWLILFDXQPHWRGRGLIIHUHQWHLQTXDQWRFLWURYLDPR
VRWWRXQDOWURPLWRRRUL]]RQWHGLLQWHOOLJLELOLWj ,QROWUHXWLOL]]DQGRODSD
UROD VLPEROR LQ TXHVWL SDVVDJJL 3DQLNNDU DOOXGH DL SULQFLSDOL WHPL GL DOWUH
VXH RSHUH FRPH LO 5LWPR GHOO(VVHUH ( SHU PH]]R GL VLPEROL SULPRUGLD
OLFKHFRQRVFLDPRFLzFKHqHVLVWHQ]LDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHFKHYHQLDPRD
FRQRVFHQ]DDQFKHGLDOWUHFRVH ,QILQHHVVHQGRHSLVWHPRORJLFDPHQWHDW
WUH]]DWLFRQLVLPEROLSRVVLDPRLPSHJQDUFLQHOGLDORJRGLDORJDOHDWWUDYHU
VR LO TXDOH OD FRPSUHQVLRQH UHFLSURFD ODWWUDYHUVDPHQWR GHL FRQILQL H
OD IRUPD]LRQH GL XQ FRPXQH XQLYHUVR GL GLVFRUVR GLYHQJRQR GHOOH UHDOL
SRVVLELOLWj4XHVWRqWXWWDOWURFKHIDFLOHFRPHRVVHUYD3DQLNNDUHGq
VRORSHUTXHOOHSHUVRQHFKHKDQQRHVLVWHQ]LDOPHQWHDWWUDYHUVDWRLFRQILQLGL
DOPHQRGXHFXOWXUHHVLVHQWRQRDFDVDSURSULDLQHQWUDPEHHVDUDQQRLQJUDGR
GLFDSLUHSULPDHGLWUDGXUUHSRL 

/HRVVHUYD]LRQLFRQFOXVLYHGHOVDJJLRWRUQDQRDOOLQWURGX]LRQHSROLWL
FDHULSUHQGRQRODWHVLGHOOLPSRVVLELOHLQGLSHQGHQ]DGHOODILORVRILDFRPSD
UDWD7DOHGLVFLSOLQDVLGLFHRUDFKHPLUDDFRPSDUDUHLPLWLXOWLPLVXFXLDO
FXQHFXOWXUHKDQQRFRVWUXLWRLORURPRQGL VRWWROLQHDQGRQHOO
DSSHQGLFH
SULQFLSDOHFKHTXHVWRLQFOXGHO
2FFLGHQWHHLOVXRPLWRL(
FRVuFKHVLGL
FH FKH  OD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWLYD QRQ GHPLWL]]D PD WUDQVPLWL]]D  3D
QLNNDU ID XQD FULWLFD IRQGDPHQWDOH QRQ VRORGHOODILORVRILDPDDQFKHGHOOD
ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD FRPH ILQRUD SUDWLFDWD RVVLD  FRPH XQD VXSHUILORVRILD
GHOOD PRGHUQD PHQWH RFFLGHQWDOH FULWLFD FKH HVSULPH JLXGL]L VX RJQL FRVD


,ELG
,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG

,ELG


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



SRVWDVRWWRODOXFHGHOVROHFKHqDFULWLFDGHLSURSULDVVXQWLHGLFLzFKHOD
ILORVRILDq /DILORVRILDFRPSDUDWLYDTXDILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDTXLQGLQRQq
XQDVXSHUILORVRILDLQGLSHQGHQWHLQTXDQWRQRQJLXGLFDPDFRQWUDVWDWXWWR
HG DSSUHQGH RYXQTXH VHPSUHFULWLFD GHLVXRLSURSULSUHVXSSRVWLHGLFLz
FKHODILORVRILDqLQHIIHWWLqGHWWDHVVHUHUDGLFDOPHQWHFULWLFDGHOODSUR
SULDLPSUHVD 
4XHVWRqFRPHFLVLDVSHWWHUHEEHLOSXQWRGLSDUWHQ]DSHULOPLRGLD
ORJRFRQ3DQLNNDUHRUDSURFHGHUzDOODPLDFULWLFDGHOVXRVDJJLRHGHOVXR
FRQWULEXWRDOODILORVRILDFRPSDUDWD'HWWRLQWHUPLQLFHUWDPHQWHSURYRFDWRUL
O
DUJRPHQWD]LRQHGL3DQLNNDUFRQWUDSSRQHXQDSLFKHYDJDILORVRILDLPSD
UDWLYD DOOH FDULFDWXUH GL DOWUL WLSL GL ILORVRILDFRPSDUDWD1RQ ULHVFH FRVu DG
HVVHUHDOODOWH]]DGHOVXRVWHVVRPRQLWRRVVLDGLSUHQGHUHVXOVHULRDOWUHYL
VLRQLILORVRILFKH
/DPLDFULWLFDqGXSOLFHXQDDOLYHOORGLDUJRPHQWD]LRQHHXQDDOLYHO
ORGHJOLLPSHUDWLYLGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDFRQVLGHUDWLFRQWURLSURSULSUH
VXSSRVWL,QSULPROXRJRTXDOFKHFULWLFDDFRPH3DQLNNDUDUJRPHQWDLOVXR
FDVRFRQVLGHULDPRFRPHQHOVDJJLRFLQTXHWLSLGLILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDFRQ
WHPSRUDQHDYHQJDQRLQGLYLGXDWLHGLVFXVVLWXWWLHYHQWXDOPHQWHIDOOLPHQWDUL
QHO FRVWLWXLUH XQD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD YHUDPHQWH LQGLSHQGHQWH PHQWUH
XQRODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDHPHUJHDOODILQHFRPHRS]LRQHUDFFRPDQGDEL
OH4XDOqO
HVDWWDUHOD]LRQHWUDLOIDOOLPHQWRGLWXWWHHFLQTXHOHWLSRORJLHHOD
YDOXWD]LRQHSRVLWLYDGLXQDGLHVVH"4XDOLLFULWHULXWLOL]]DWLSHUGHFLGHUHOD
YDOLGLWjRQRQYDOLGLWjGLWDOLWLSRORJLH"2YYLDPHQWHFLzFKHUHQGHQRQYDOL
GHWXWWHHFLQTXHOHWLSRORJLHQRQSXzQRQHVVHUHFLzFKHJLXVWLILFDODYDOLGL
WjGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYD'LYHUVDPHQWHODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDULVXOWHUHE
EH HVVHUH YDOLGD H FRQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWH QRQ YDOLGD SHU OD VWHVVD UDJLRQH
7DQWRSHUQRQVEDJOLDUHLOSUREOHPDQRQVWDUHEEHQHOO
DSSDUHQWHFRQWUDGGL
]LRQH DOPHQR TXHVWR QRQ VDUHEEH XQ SUREOHPD SHU 3DQLNNDU FKH ULILXWD LO
SULQFLSLR ORJLFR GL QRQFRQWUDGGL]LRQH 20 ,O SUREOHPD VDUHEEH SLXWWRVWR FKH
QRQ HPHUJH FKLDUDPHQWH  SHUFKp QRQ VLD VWDWR FRQFHVVR LO EHQHILFLR GHOOD
FRQWUDGGL]LRQHDWXWWLLFLQTXHWLSLPDVRORDOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYD
$ PLR SDUHUH WXWWDYLD  3DQLNNDU XWLOL]]D FULWHUL DOTXDQWR GLYHUVL SHU
GHWHUPLQDUQHODYDOLGLWj RQRQ&LzFLFRQGXFHDOPHQRDGXHFRVWHOOD]LRQL
FKH SRVVRQR FRQWULEXLUH DG XOWHULRUL LQGDJLQLVHFLWHQLDPRHQWUR L FLQTXH


,ELG
,ELG

&I53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJFLW




5DOSK:HEHU

WLSLRIIHUWLHGLJQRULDPRO
LPSRUWDQWHTXHVWLRQHVHFLVLDQRDOWULWLSLGLILORVR
ILD FRPSDUDWLYDR IRUVH UDSSUHVHQWDQWL SL VLJQLILFDWLYL GL WLSRORJLH GLYHUVH
GD TXHOOH HOHQFDWH GD 3DQLNNDU /D SULPD FRVWHOOD]LRQH ULJXDUGD L FULWHUL GL
QRQYDOLGLWj2IIUHIRUVH3DQLNNDUUDJLRQLGLQRQYDOLGLWjSHURJQLDOWURWLSR
GLILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDROWUHTXHOORUHODWLYRDG XQDILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDYH
UDPHQWHLQGLSHQGHQWH"/DVHFRQGDFRVWHOOD]LRQHULJXDUGDLFULWHULGLYDOLGL
Wj,PRWLYLGL3DQLNNDUDIDYRUHGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDVLEDVDQRIRUVHVX
FULWHULFKHQRQVRQRDSSOLFDELOLDJOLDOWULWLSLGLILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDRVHDS
SOLFDELOLRWWHQJRQRIRUVHULVSRVWHFRQWUDULH",QEUHYHO
DUJRPHQWD]LRQHGL
3DQLNNDUWDJOLDFRUWRVXHQWUDPEHOHTXHVWLRQL
3HU HVHPSLR SDUODQGR GL ILORVRILD WUDVFHQGHQWDOH 3DQLNNDU FRQFOXGH
FKHSXUHVVHQGRXQILORVRILDFULWLFDYDOLGDFKHDEEUDFFLDHYHQWXDOPHQWH
ODSLFRPSOHWD FRQFH]LRQHGLILORVRILDDOODILQHIDOOLVFHDFDXVDGHOOD
VXDSDU]LDOLWjHPDQFDQ]DGLRELHWWLYLWjYHUVROHILORVRILHFRPSDUDWHLQRO
WUHWDOHILORVRILDWUDVFHQGHQWDOHQRQVDUjSUHVDLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHGDDOFXQL
GLORURLQTXDQWRVLEDVDVXXQDVFDODGLYDORULFKHQRQULFRQRVFRQR /D
SDU]LDOLWj QRQ SXz HVVHUH YHUDPHQWH LO SUREOHPD SHUFKq OD VWHVVD ILORVRILD
LPSDUDWLYDQRQSRWUjPDLJLXQJHUHDOODFHUWH]]DGLDYHUODHOXVD  FRPH 3D
QLNNDU VWHVVR DPPHWWH SURQWDPHQWH GRSR DYHU HYLGHQ]LDWR OD FRQWLQJHQ]D
GHL SURSUL DVVXQWL H OD QHFHVVLWj LQHYLWDELOH GL ULPDQHUH VX WDOL OLPLWDWL SUH
VXSSRVWLDQFRUDQRQHVDPLQDWL 
,O SUREOHPD VHPEUD TXLQGL HVVHUH LO PDQFDWR ULFRQRVFLPHQWR GL XQD
VFDODGLYDORULFKHQRQVLDQRFRPXQLHFRQGLYLVL0DTXL3DQLNNDUVHPEUD
VHPSOLFHPHQWHFRQIRQGHUHOHFRVHSHUFKpHJOLFRQWUDSSRQHODVXDSURPHVVD
GLILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDHYHQWXDOPHQWHUHDOL]]DWLYDGLXQXQLYHUVRGLGLVFRU
VR FRPXQH DOOD GHVFUL]LRQH GHOOD ILORVRILD WUDVFHQGHQWDOHFRQWUDSSRQHQGR
O
RELHWWLYRGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDDOODSUDWLFDGHOODILORVRILDWUDVFHQGHQWD
OH 1RQ YL q DOFXQ PRWLYR SHU FXL OD ILORVRILD WUDVFHQGHQWDOH QRQ GRYUHEEH
ULFHYHUHXQWUDWWDPHQWRDOWUHWWDQWRFDULWDWHYROHLOVXRRELHWWLYRQRQqFHUWD
PHQWHODSDU]LDOLWjPDVHPDLXQDWUDVFHQGHQWDOLWjSULYDGLTXHVWDFKHSXz
DQFKH YDQWDUH GL FRVWLWXLUH XQ XQLYHUVR GL GLVFRUVR FRPXQH /D ILORVRILD
LPSDUDWLYDHVDWWDPHQWHFRPHOHDOWUHFLQTXHSRJJLDSURSULRVXOSUHVXSSRVWR
FKHODVFDODGHLYDORULFRQWHPSODWHGDYDULHILORVRILHGLIIHULVFHILQRDOSXQWR
GHOOLQFRPPHQVXUDELOLWj



53DQLNNDU:KDWLVFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\FRPSDULQJ"FLW
,ELG



Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



$QFKHVHJXDUGLDPRLFULWHULGLYDOLGLWjDSDUWHODSURPHVVDFLWDWDFL

VRQRSUREOHPL3DQLNNDUVSHFLILFDLOFDUDWWHUHDXWRFULWLFRULIOHVVLYRPHQ
WDOPHQWHDSHUWRHLPSDUDWLYRGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDHLOVXRGLVFRQRVFL
PHQWRGHOILQHGLXQSXQWRGLYLVWDWUDVFHQGHQWH 0DQRQYLqDOFXQD
UDJLRQHSHUFXLJOLDOWULWLSLGLILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDQRQSRVVDQRDVVXPHUHXQ
WDOHDWWHJJLDPHQWR'LIDWWLVHPSOLFHPHQWHQRQULHVFRDFDSLUHSHUFKpWUD
WXWWLTXHLILORVRILFKHSHUVHJXRQRTXHVWHDOWUHWLSRORJLHPROWLLGHDOPHQWH
DOPHQRQRQSRWUHEEHURVSRVDUHXQDWWLWXGLQHDXWRFULWLFDULIOHVVLYDDSHUWD
HLPSDUDWLYDRDJJLXQJHUHDOOHORURULYHQGLFD]LRQLXQLYHUVDOLVWLFKHOHWLFKHWWD
GLSURYYLVRULHWj1HOORVWHVVRPRGRLQFXL3DQLNNDUQRQKDSUHVRQHPPHQR
LQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHTXHVWDRS]LRQHFRVuSXUHQRQULHVFHDFRQVLGHUDUHVHULD
PHQWHDOWUHYLVLRQLILORVRILFKHDVSHWWRVXOTXDOHVLGLFHYHUWHUHVRSUDWWXWWR
ODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYD
4XHVWRPLSRUWDDOODPLDVHFRQGDFULWLFDTXHOODUHODWLYDDJOLLPSHUDWL
YLGHOODILORVRILDLPSDUDWLYDFRQVLGHUDWLFRQWURLSURSULSUHVXSSRVWL8QLP
SHUDWLYR ULJXDUGD LO VRWWRSRUUH  WXWWR D XQ HVDPH FULWLFR FRQ WXWWL JOL VWUX
PHQWLGLVSRQLELOLGLDQDOLVL &LzFKHLQWHQGRIDUHqRIIULUHXQRVWUXPHQWR
PROWRVHPSOLFHGLDQDOLVLHVRWWRSRUUHLOVDJJLRGL3DQLNNDUDXQHVDPHFUL
WLFR LQ SDUWLFRODUH OD VXD FRPSUHQVLRQH GHOOD ILORVRILD 'HULYR LO PLR VWUX
PHQWRGLDQDOLVLGDXQVHPSOLFHLQVLHPHGLHOHPHQWLFKHSRVVRQRHVVHUHDQD
OLWLFDPHQWH GLVWLQWL LQ TXDOVLDVL FRPSDUD]LRQH XQD FRPSDUD]LRQH q VHPSUH
IDWWDGDTXDOFXQRGXHRSLFRPSDUDWDVRQRPHVVLDFRQIURQWRHVRQRPHV
VLDFRQIURQWRVHFRQGRXQFHUWRDVSHWWRFRPXQHQHOWDUGRVHFRORHUD
GHQRPLQDWDWHUWLXPFRPSDUDWLRQLVHLOFRQIURQWRVHFRQFOXVRKDXQULVXO
WDWR VSHVVR HVSUHVVR LQ WHUPLQL GL  UHOD]LRQH 3HU TXHVWR FRPH KR JLj GL
VFXVVR DOWURYH GRYUHEEH HVVHUH DJJLXQWR XQ TXLQWR HOHPHQWR FKH DFFHQWXL
O
DWWRGLVHOH]LRQHGHLFRPSDUDWDFKHVRQRVWDWLVFHOWLSHULOFRQIURQWRSHU
FKpVRQRLQTXDOFKHPRGRFRQVLGHUDWLFRUUHODWLRDOPHQROHJDWLSHULOIDWWR
VWHVVRFKHHVVLVRQRSRVWLO
XQRDFFDQWRDOO
DOWURSHUODFRPSDUD]LRQH4XHVWD
UHOD]LRQH VX DOFXQL OLYHOOL FRPSUHQGH XQD FRPXQDQ]D FKH KR FKLDPDWR 

7HUWLXPSUHFRPSDUDWLYR
,O7HUWLXP
SUHFRPSDUDWLYR
HLOWHUWLXPFRPSD
UDWLRQLVVRQROHJDWLGDUHFLSURFDLQIRUPD]LRQHLQTXDQWRSRLFKpRJQLDVSHWWR
LQFXLGXHFRPSDUDWDSRVVRQRHVVHUHSDUDJRQDWLGHQRWDXQDSRWHQ]LDOHRHI
IHWWLYDFRPXQDQ]DFKHSXzPDQRQGHYHQHFHVVDULDPHQWHHVVHUHSDUWHGHOOD



,ELG
,ELG





5DOSK:HEHU

FRPXQDQ]DFKHPRWLYDODVFHOWDGHLFRPSDUDWDHYLFHYHUVDFKHqLOPRWLYR
FKHSRWUHEEHHVVHUHXWLOHSHUGLVWLQJXHUHLGXHHOHPHQWL 
/DVFLDWHFKHYLIDFFLDXQHVHPSLRYHORFH6HKRGHFLVRGLFRQIURQWDUH
SHUHVHPSLRODILORVRILDGL&RQIXFLRH$ULVWRWHOHDOORUDSUHVXSSRQJRRDI
IHUPRVXOSLDQRGHO
WHUWLXP
SUHFRPSDUDWLYRFKHVLD&RQIXFLRFKH$ULVWR
WHOH DYHYDQR  XQD ILORVRILD  R SRWUHEEHXWLOPHQWHHVVHUHYLVWRFRPHODYHU
DYXWRXQILORVRILD6HQHOFRUVRGHOFRQIURQWROHILORVRILHVRQRFRQIURQWDWH
SHUOHORURWHRULHVXOODYLUWDOORUDVLSUHVXPHDOLYHOORGHOWHUWLXPFRPSDUD
WLRQLV FKH DYHYDQR R FKH SRWUHEEH HVVHUH XWLOH JXDUGDUH D ORUR FRPH VH
DYHVVHURDYXWRDQFKHXQDWHRULDVXOODYLUWLPSRUWDQWHVRWWROLQHDUHFKH
ODVFHOWDGHOWHUWLXPFRPSDUDWLRQLVGLDYHUHXQDWHRULDGHOODYLUWYLHQHFRVu
ULFRQGRWWDDO
WHUWLXPSUHFRPSDUDWLYR
HTXDOLILFDFKHFRVDVLJQLILFDDYHUH
XQD ILORVRILD 6H QHOOLQVLHPH GHO FRQIURQWR WUD OH ILORVRILH GL &RQIXFLR H
$ULVWRWHOHLQUHOD]LRQHDOOHORURWHRULHGHOODYLUWODYHUDYXWRGHOOHWHRULH
GL FXL XQD VXOOD YLUW SRWUHEEH SUREDELOPHQWH HVVHUH XQD FRPXQDQ]D FKH
PRWLYDODVFHOWDGHLFRPSDUDWDHTXLQGLSXzDQFKHHVVHUHSDUWHSLVHP
SOLFHPHQWH GHO WHUWLXP
SUHFRPSDUDWLYR
 0ROWR GL  SL QDWXUDOPHQWH SR
WUHEEHHVVHUHSUHVXSSRVWRQHOODVHOH]LRQHGLTXHVWLWHUWLDHWXWWRTXHVWRSXz
HVVHUH ODVFLDWR LPSOLFLWR R YDJR 0D LO  GLVWLQJXHUH H LO IRFDOL]]DUH  TXHVWL
HOHPHQWL SXz VHUYLUH FRPHVWUXPHQWR GL DQDOLVLFRQWULEXHQGRDUHQGHUH SL
HVSOLFLWRO
LPSOLFLWR
3DQLNNDUqHVSOLFLWRLQTXHVWRFRPHGDOVXRVWHVVRQRPH ODILOR
VRILD FRPSDUDWDWUDWWDGHOFRQIURQWRWUDILORVRILH 27 ( ODVXD GHILQL]LRQH GL
ODYRURULWUDHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DODILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDFRPHORVWXGLRILORVR
ILFRGLXQRRGLDOFXQLSUREOHPLDOODOXFHGLSLGLXQDWUDGL]LRQH 4XL
LO
WHUWLXPSUHFRPSDUDWLYR
GHOOHILORVRILHqGHILQLWRGDOSRUUHO
DFFHQWRVXL
SUREOHPL GDXQODWR H GDOO
LQWURGX]LRQHGL WUDGL]LRQL FRPHXQDXQLWjLQ
TXDOFKH PRGR VLJQLILFDWLYD SHU OR VWXGLRILORVRILFR$QDOL]]DQGRLOWHVWRGL
3DQLNNDU LQ TXHVWR VHQVR FRQ DWWHQ]LRQH DOOH TXDOLILFD]LRQL UHODWLYH DO VXR
FRQFHWWRGLILORVRILDRYYLDPHQWHVLFUHDXQDOXQJDOLVWD(FFRTXHOORFKHKR
WURYDWRDYROWHSUHFHGXWRGDOO
DJJHWWLYRILORVRILFRRVHJXLWRGDOJHQLWLYXV
VXEMHFWLYXV GHOOH ILORVRILH L SUREOHPL OH WUDGL]LRQL OD VDJJH]]D GL DOWUH


&I5:HEHU&RPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\DQGWKHWHUWLXPFRPSDULQJZKDWZLWKZKDWDQG
LQZKDWUHVSHFW"'DR$-RXUQDORI&RPSDUDWLYH3KLORVRSK\IRUWKFRPLQJ

,ELG

,QRQHLQVWDQFHWKRXJKKHVOLSVLQWRZULWLQJSKLORVRSKHUVLQVWHDGRISKLORVRSKLHVFI


53DQLNNDU7KH5K\WKPRI%HLQJFLW

Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



FXOWXUHLVLVWHPLRVLVWHPLGLSHQVLHUROHRSLQLRQLROHSUHVHGLSRVL]LRQHOH
VFXROH OH DXWRFRPSUHQVLRQL  OD VFDOD GL YDORUL LO GLQDPLVPR LQWHUQR JOL
DSSURIRQGLPHQWLFXOWXUDOLOHYLVLRQLGHOPRQGROHHVSHULHQ]HGHOOHSHUVRQH
OHYHULWjXOWLPHJOLXQLYHUVLGLGLVFRUVROHOLQJXHHFRVuYLD&RPHWXWWL
TXHVWLWHUPLQLVLUHOD]LRQLQRqODVFLDWRLQWHUDPHQWHDOOHWWRUHVFRSULUOR8QD
OLQJXDUHQGHFRQWRGLXQSRSROR"3XzXQDFXOWXUDDYHUHIRUVHQHOORVSRUWWUD
GL]LRQLGLYHUVHVFXROHGLYHUVHRVFDOHGLYDORULGLYHUVL",QFDVRDIIHUPDWLYR
FKH FRVD VLJQLILFD SHU OD ILORVRILD FKH LQXQRRXQDOWURSXQWRO
DUJRPHQWR
VLDUHODWLYRDWXWWLTXHVWLWHUPLQL"3DQLNNDUQRQGjXQDULVSRVWDDTXHVWHGR
PDQGH
1HOODWHU]DSDUWHGHOVDJJLRTXDQGRVLSDUODGLHUPHQHXWLFDGLDWRSLFD
3DQLNNDUUHQGHGHOWXWWRFKLDURFKHQHOODOLVWDODSDURODFXOWXUHUDSSUHVHQWD
ODTXDOLILFD]LRQHSULQFLSDOHGHOODILORVRILD/HFXOWXUHUDSSUHVHQWDQRXQDOL
QHDGLGHPDUFD]LRQHLPSRUWDQWHSHUGLYHUVHILORVRILHFKHqHYLGHQWHTXDQGR
VFULYHFKH
ODGLVWDQ]DWUDGXHRSLFXOWXUHFKHKDQQRVYLOXSSDWRLQPDQLHUDLQGLSHQ
GHQWH LQ OXRJKL GLYHUVL WRSRL L SURSUL PHWRGL GHO ILORVRIDUH H PRGL GL UDJ
JLXQJHUHLQWHOOLJLELOLWjFRQSURSULHFDWHJRULH 

DJJLXQJHQGR FRVu XQD VHULH GL TXDOLILFKH DO PLR HOHQFR , 7RSRL FLWDWL QHO
VDJJLRVRQR,QGLD&LQD$IULFD*UHFLDHO
2FFLGHQWHPDFRPHUHOD]LRQDUOL
DQFRUD XQD YROWD q ODVFLDWR GHFLGHUH DO OHWWRUH  3HU HVVHUH FKLDUL 3DQLNNDU
QRQqFHUWDPHQWHVRORQHOFRQVLGHUDUHFKHOHGLIIHUHQ]HFXOWXUDOLLPSOLFDQR
GLIIHUHQ]HILORVRILFKHPDGDQHVVXQDSDUWHQHOVDJJLRF
qXQVRORDUJRPHQWR
FLUFD LO PRWLYR SHU FXL GRYUHEEH HVVHUHFRVuQp YLqXQD ULIOHVVLRQH FULWLFD
GHOOHFRQWLQJHQ]HFKHKDQQRSRUWDWROHFXOWXUHDOORUGLQHGHOJLRUQRLQSUL
PROXRJR,QDOWUHSDUROHWXWWRFLzqDVVXQWRDFULWLFDPHQWH
9LqXQVHFRQGRSDVVDJJLRULYHODWRUHLQFXL3DQLNNDUSDUODGLSRUWDUH
XQDFXOWXUDXQDOLQJXDXQDILORVRILDLQXQ
DOWUD FXOWXUDOLQJXDRUHOLJLRQH
UHQGHQGRODFRPSUHQVLELOH 4XLQRQqFKLDURFRPHODFXOWXUDODOLQJXDOD
ILORVRILDHODUHOLJLRQHHQWULQRLQUHOD]LRQHWUDORURHSHUFKp ODILORVRILDq
VRVWLWXWR GL UHOLJLRQH  PD LO IDWWR FKH HVVD YLHQH VRVWLWXLWD q  GHWWR VLFXUD
PHQWH/DUHOLJLRQHFRPHWHUPLQHQRQKDXQSRVWRGLULOLHYRLQTXHVWRVDJ
JLR VSHFLILFR GL 3DQLNNDU 1HOOD VXD GHVFUL]LRQH GHOOD ILORVRILD LPSDUDWLYD
HJOLFLWDO
LPSRUWDQ]DGHOODFRQVDSHYROH]]D



53DQLNNDU:KDWLVFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\FRPSDULQJ"FLW
,ELG





5DOSK:HEHU

FKHODPDJJLRUSDUWHGHOOHILORVRILHVLFRQVLGHUDQRXQLFKHHVSHVVRGHILQLWLYH
&RVuQRQVLSXzSDUDJRQDUHYDOHDGLUHPHWWHUHLQVLHPHFRPVXXQSLDQR
GLSDULWjSDUGLSRVL]LRQHTXHOORFKHSUHWHQGHGLHVVHUHXQLFRHLQFRPSDUD
ELOH 

4XHVWDSHUPHqXQ
DIIHUPD]LRQHVWUDQDQRQSRVVRWURYDUHDOFXQDILOR
VRILDFKHDYUHEEHUHWWRWDOHDIIHUPD]LRQH,QYHFHLOOLQJXDJJLRGHOOXOWLPL
Wj XQLFLWj H LQFRPSDUDELOLWj q SL VSHVVR XWLOL]]DWR QHO FRQWHVWR GHOOH UHOL
JLRQLHGHOOHILORVRILHDVRVWLWXLUHOHUHOLJLRQLDOOHILORVRILHQHOODIIHUPD]LRQH
GLFXLVRSUDSRWUHEEHHOLPLQDUHJUDQSDUWHGHOODVWUDQH]]DVHYLVWRGDOPLWR
DOOLQWHUQRGHOTXDOHKRGHWWRGLSHQVDUH3HU3DQLNNDUOHFRVHVRQRGLYHUVH
ODILORVRILDHODUHOLJLRQHVRQRLQVHSDUDELOLFKHqXQDYLVLRQHFKHSXzHVVHUH
GLIHVDPDQRQYLHQHGLIHVDWDQWRPHQRHVSOLFLWDWDLQTXHVWRVDJJLR /KD
QDWXUDOPHQWHUHVDHVSOLFLWDHGLIHVDDOWURYHDOXQJRQHOVXR$'ZHOOLQJ3OD
FHIRU:LVGRPRQHOOHVXH*LIIRUG/HFWXUHV 0DYLSRVVRDVVLFXUDUHFKHOD


,ELG
7KHODQJXDJHRILQVHSDUDELOLW\LVQRWRQO\PLQHEXWDOVR3DQLNNDUVIRUDOEHLWLQDQRWKHU
WH[W KH LV TXLFN WR VWDWH WKDW UHOLJLRQ DQG FXOWXUH FDQQRW EH VHSDUDWHG ZKLFK UDLVHV WKH
TXHVWLRQDJDLQKRZFXOWXUHUHOLJLRQDQGSHULPSOLFDWLRQHPSKLORVRSK\UHODWHWRHDFKRWK
HU&I53DQLNNDU$6HOI&ULWLFDO'LDORJXHLQ-3UDEKXHG7KH,QWHUFXOWXUDO&KDO
OHQJHRI5DLPRQ3DQLNNDUFLW

+HUHDUHVRPHUHOHYDQWSDVVDJHV7RPHSKLORVRSK\LVMXVWDVPXFKWKHZLVGRPRIORYH
DVLWLVWKHORYHRIZLVGRP$QGWUXHORYHLVQRWRQO\VSRQWDQHRXVEXWDOVRHFVWDWLFWKDWLV
QRQUHIOHFWLYH,WGRHVQRWUHYHUWWRDFULWLFDODQDO\VLVRILWVHOI>@7KHQDXWKHQWLFSKLORVR
SK\ZLOOFU\VWDOOL]HLQWRDOLIHVW\OH7RVD\LWEHWWHUSULPDOSKLORVRSK\EHFRPHVWKHH[SUHV
VLRQRIOLIHLWVHOIDVDUWLFXODWHGWRUHDOLW\RUUDWKHUDVZULWWHQGRZQZLWKDVW\OXVDSHQWKH
VW\OH RI RQHV SHUVRQDO OLIH ,Q P\ RSLQLRQ WKH NLQG RI SKLORVRSK\ WKDW VROHO\ GHDOV ZLWK
VWUXFWXUHV WKHRULHV LGHDV WKH RQH VK\LQJ DZD\ IURP OLIH FLUFXPYHQWLQJ WKH SUDFWLFDO DV
SHFWDQGUHSUHVVLQJIHHOLQJVLVRQHVLGHGEHFDXVHLWGRHVQRWWRXFKXSRQRWKHUDVSHFWVRI
UHDOLW\ DQG EHFDXVH RI WKDW LW LV SRRU 5HDOLW\ DV VXFK FDQQRW EH JUDVSHG FRPSUHKHQGHG
DQG UHDOL]HG E\ D VLQJOH VHQVH RUJDQ RU E\ RQO\ RQH RI UHDOLW\V GLPHQVLRQV 6XFK DQ DS
SURDFK ZRXOG WXUQ SKLORVRSK\ PHUHO\ LQWR DQRWKHU VFLHQFH  SHUKDSV D PRUH JHQHUDO VFL
HQFHDQHZIRUPRIDOJHEUDEXWLWZRXOGGHVWUR\SKLORVRSK\DVZLVGRPDQGSUHYHQWSKL
ORVRSK\IURPH[SUHVVLQJLWVHOILQKXPDQOLIHVW\OH>@7KHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHQDWXUDOVFLHQF
HVRQSKLORVRSK\DQGRQSKLORVRSKLFDOPHWKRGKDVEHHQVRGHFLVLYHWKDWWRGD\QRWRQO\DFD
GHPLFSKLORVRSK\LWVHOIEXWDOVRHFFOHVLDVWLFDOWKHRORJ\KDVEHFRPHDVSHFLDOEUDQFK ZLWK
VSHFLDOVXEEUDQFKHV,QWKHSURFHVV ZLVGRP ZDVHLWKHUORVWRUGHJUDGHGWRDQ XQFULWLFDO
QDwYHLIQRWSULPLWLYHFRQWHQWHGQHVVZLWKWKHZRUOG>@7KHWUDGLWLRQDOQDPHJLYHQWRD
PHQWDOLW\WKDWLVFODLUYR\DQWFULWLFDOLQWHOOHFWXDODQGHTXDOO\VSRQWDQHRXVIUHHDQGH[LV
WHQWLDOLVZLVGRPDOVRSKLORVRSK\,IZHGRQRWUHVWRUHKDUPRQ\EHWZHHQWKLVVSOLWRXU
FLYLOL]DWLRQZLOOJRXQGHU0\SKLORVRSKLFDOGHVLUHLVWRRIIHUDFRQYLQFLQJDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKH


Atti/Proceedings CIRPITUniv. Siena Roccella Jonica, Ottobre/October 2012



OHWWXUDGL,O5LWPRGHOO
(VVHUHHO
DQDOLVLGHOFRQFHWWRGLILORVRILDFRQWHQXWR
LQ HVVR FRQ LO PLR VWUXPHQWR GL DQDOLVLPL KD SRUWDWR DG XQ HOHQFR DQFRUD
SLOXQJRULVSHWWRDTXHOORRIIHUWRLQSUHFHGHQ]DDJJLXQJHQGRSHUHVHPSLR
OHFLYLOWjOHIRUPHGLYLWDHFFPHQWUHQXOODGHOODYDJKH]]DqVWDWRGLVVLSD
WR
,OPLWRFKHqLO FRQFHWWRSL FHQWUDOH QHOOH /H]LRQLGL*LIIRUG HOD
QR]LRQHFRQFXLKRLQL]LDWRRJJLDSSDUHDQFKHDOODILQHGHOVDJJLRVXOODILOR
VRILDFRPSDUDWLYDHDSSDUHLQXQDFDUDWWHUL]]D]LRQHGHOODILORVRILDFRPSDUDWD
FKHKRFLWDWRVRSUDPDFKHGHVLGHURFLWDUHDQFRUDLQFRQFOXVLRQH3DQLNNDU
VFULYH FKH FLz FKH OD ILORVRILD FRPSDUDWD FHUFD GL FRQIURQWDUH VRQR L PLWL
XOWLPLVXFXLDOFXQHFXOWXUHKDQQRFRVWUXLWRLOORURPRQGR 6HDYHVVHXVD
WRTXHVWDFRPSUHQVLRQHUHOLJLRVDHPLWRORJLFDGHOODILORVRILDHGHOODILORVRILD
FRPSDUDWD FKH q PROWR SL VSHFLILFD GHOOD VXD GHILQL]LRQH GL ODYRUR JOL
DOWULWLSLGLILORVRILDFRPSDUDWDQRQVDUHEEHURPDLDSSDUVLFRPHRS]LRQLDO
WHUQDWLYHVHULHPDVRORSHUTXHOORFKHVRQRGDYYHURQHOODUJRPHQWD]LRQH
GL3DQLNNDUFLRqXQDVRUWDGLVSHFFKLHWWRSHUOHDOORGROH

GHVWUXFWLYH VFKL]RSKUHQLD RI RXU SUHYDOHQWO\ WHFKQRFUDWLF FXOWXUH &I 5 3DQLNNDU $
'ZHOOLQJ3ODFHIRU:LVGRPWUDQV$QQHPDULH6.LGGHU0RWLODO%DQDUVLGDVV'HOKL


53DQLNNDU:KDWLVFRPSDUDWLYHSKLORVRSK\FRPSDULQJ"FLW