B GIO DC & O TO

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

NNG CAO
NNG LC QUN L IU HNH
TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

PGS. TS. Nguyn Th Kim Anh, Khoa Kinh t

TS. L Vn Ho, Phng BCLT&KT

(LU HNH NI B)

Thng 5/2008

MC LC
LI NI U............................................................................................................... 3
I.

S CN THIT ................................................................................................... 4

II.

MC TIU ........................................................................................................... 4

III.

NI DUNG........................................................................................................... 4

IV.

C S L LUN V QUN L TRNG I HC ......................................... 5

IV.1 CC LNH VC QUN L TRONG C S GIO DC I HC.................. 5

IV.2 CHT LNG V QUN L CHT LNG I HC.............................. 7
IV.2.1 Cc quan nim v cht lng i hc ....................................................... 7
IV.2.2 Cc cp qun l cht lng i hc...................................................... 9
IV.3 P DNG CHU TRNH PHT TRIN GI TR TRONG QUN L TRNG
I HC CCH TIP CN QUN L CHT LNG TON DIN ..................... 11
IV.3.1 Gii thiu Chu trnh pht trin gi tr ........................................................ 11
IV.3.2 p dng vo qun l i hc .................................................................... 12
V.

NH GI THC TRNG V CC HOT NG CH YU TI HNT ......... 14

V.1 NHN XT V CC NGUN LC ................................................................. 15
V.2 NHN XT V CC SN PHM..................................................................... 18
V.3 NHN XT V NNG LC QUN L IU HNH NH TRNG.............. 20
V.3.1 Nng lc xy dng, t chc thc thi v kim tra chin lc..................... 20
V.3.2 Nng lc xy dng c cu t chc........................................................... 21
V.3.3 Nng lc xy dng h thng th ch chnh sch...................................... 21
V.3.4 Nng lc la chn phong cch qun l..................................................... 22
V.3.5 Nng lc xy dng v pht trin i ng cn b vin chc ...................... 23
V.3.6 Nng lc pht trin k nng ngh nghip ca cn b vin chc............... 24

VI.

MT S KINH NGHIM V T CHC, QUN L I HC........................... 24

VI.1 T CHC QUN L CP KHOA TRNG I HC.............................. 24

VI.2 M HNH PHN CP QUN L I HC ................................................ 29
VI.2.1 M hnh phn quyn (Distributed Organization)....................................... 30
VI.2.2 M hnh kiu phn t (Molecular Organization) ....................................... 30
VI.3 HI NG TRNG .................................................................................... 31
VII. XUT ........................................................................................................... 33
Ti liu tham kho ..................................................................................................... 39

THAM LUN 1:.......................................................................................................... 40

TNG CNG HOT NG HP TC QUC T TI TRNG
I HC NHA TRANG
THAM LUN 2:.......................................................................................................... 47
V XY DNG V TRIN KHAI CC QUYT NH QUN TR TRONG
NH TRNG

LI NI U
Chuyn Nng cao nng lc qun l iu hnh Trng i
hc Nha Trang c xy dng trong bi cnh Trng i hc
Nha Trang ang chun b k nim 50 nm thnh lp Trng
(thng 10/2009). y l mt ct mc quan trng nh du mt
giai on xy dng v pht trin y t ho ca cc th h thy
v tr ca Nh trng.
t nc ang tng bc i ln theo tin trnh hi nhp vi th
gii trn mi bnh din, trong c gio dc i hc. tip tc
pht huy trong giai on mi nhng gi tr vt cht v tinh thn
trong cng tc o to v nghin cu khoa hc m cc th h i
trc to dng, chc chn rng nng lc qun l iu hnh ti
Trng i hc Nha Trang cn tip tc c nng cao hn na.
Xut pht t nhng suy ngh trn, Chuyn ny c xy
dng nhm mc tiu cung cp c s l lun v qun l trng i
hc, trn c s nh gi thc trng hot ng qun l ca Nh
trng, gii thiu mt s kinh nghim tt v qun l trng i
hc trong nc v trn th gii, v t xut mt s gii php
nhm nng cao cht lng cng tc qun l iu hnh ti Trng
H Nha Trang.
Chuyn ny c xy dng vi s ti tr kinh ph ca D n
SRV 2701 (thuc i s qun Na Uy) v da trn nhiu kin
ng gp qu bu ca lnh o Nh trng v qu ng nghip.
Chng ti xin trn trng cm n v mong nhn c thm nhiu
gp v chia s.
Nhm tc gi

NNG CAO NNG LC QUN L IU HNH

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
PGS. TS. Nguyn Th Kim Anh, Khoa Kinh t
TS. L Vn Ho, Phng BCLT&KT

I. S CN THIT
Chuyn Nng cao nng lc qun l iu hnh Trng i hc
Nha Trang c xy dng trn c s nhng yu cu trong cng tc
qun l ca Nh trng nh sau:
1. Hu ht CBQL ca Trng H Nha Trang xut thn t i ng
CBGD, t c trang b v kin thc qun l c bit kin thc
v qun l trng i hc. V vy, rt cn mt c s l lun c
tnh khi qut cao v hin i v cc hot ng trng i hc
i ng CBQL c th tm hiu d dng v ng dng c hiu
qu trong vic thc hin cc ch trng, xut cc gii php
v qun l trn cc mt cng tc.
2. Cng tc qun l ca Trng H Nha Trang c k tha v
pht trin trn c s kinh nghim ca qu trnh vn ng, pht
trin v cc vn bn hng dn ca ngnh. Tuy nhin, p
ng yu cu pht trin trong giai on hin nay v tng lai, rt
cn c s i mi v m hnh qun l v nhng gii php tng
th gip nng cao hiu qu cc mt hot ng ca Nh trng.
II. MC TIU
Chuyn Nng cao nng lc qun l iu hnh Trng i hc
Nha Trang nhm mc tiu cung cp c s l lun v qun l trng
i hc, trn c s nh gi thc trng hot ng qun l ca Nh
trng, gii thiu mt s kinh nghim tt v qun l trng i hc
trong nc v trn th gii, v t xut mt s gii php nhm
nng cao cht lng cng tc qun l iu hnh ti Trng H Nha
Trang.
III. NI DUNG
1. C s l lun v qun l trng i hc.

2. nh gi thc trng v hot ng ca Trng H Nha Trang

trn cc mt ch yu: qun l o to, qun l KHCN-HTQT,
qun l nhn s.
3. Cung cp mt s kinh nghim qun l trng i hc c hiu
qu trong nc v trn th gii.
4. xut nhng ci tin v m hnh qun l v nhng gii php
trin khai i vi Trng H Nha Trang.
IV.

C S L LUN V QUN L TRNG I HC

IV.1 CC LNH VC QUN L TRONG C S GIO DC I HC

Cc trng H c ba chc nng chnh: o to, nghin cu, v phc
v x hi (P.T.Ngh, 2000, tr. 137) v vy cho d mt trng H hot
ng theo mt m hnh no, cng tc qun l trng cn bao
trm c ba lnh vc ny. c th ho ba chc nng trn, Piper (1993)
phn ra tm lnh vc qun l c th mt trng H nh sau:
(1) Qun l o to
(2) Qun l khoa hc
(3) Qun l dch v cng ng
(4) Qun l i ng cn b
(5) Qun l SV
(6) Qun l cc dch v h tr o to
(7) Qun l ngun lc v ti sn
(8) Qun l iu hnh nh trng
Tu theo c im ca mi trng H, m chc nng nhim v tng
lnh vc c th khc nhau. Tuy nhin, nhng ni dung cng vic ch
yu tng lnh vc c th c lit k nh sau:
IV.1.1 Qun l o to
Trong s 8 lnh vc ni trn, qun l o to thng c xem l mi
quan tm hng u, v n c tnh quyt nh nht i vi sn phm o
to. Cc ni dung chnh ca qun l o to bao gm:
-

Xc nh mc tiu v cc chun mc cht lng trong o to

Xy dng chin lc pht trin qui m, hiu qu cng tc o

to

Xy dng cc qui nh, qui trnh t chc cng tc o to

Xy dng cc k hoch, chng trnh o to

T chc cng tc m bo cht lng dy v hc.

IV.1.2 Qun l khoa hc

-

Xc nh mc tiu v cc chun mc cht lng trong NCKH

Xy dng chin lc pht trin qui m, hiu qu cng tc NCKH

Xy dng cc qui nh, qui trnh t chc hot ng NCKH

T chc cng tc theo di, nh gi hot ng NCKH

T chc, theo di, nh gi cc hot ng lin kt trong NCKH,

chuyn giao cng ngh gia trng H v cc c quan bn
ngoi.

IV.1.3 Qun l dch v cng ng

Dch v cng ng bao gm cc hot ng nhm mc tiu phc v
cng ng x hi (tr cc hot ng o to v NCKH) nh vn ha,
vn ngh, th dc th thao Qun l dch v cng ng cn tp trung
vo cng tc t chc, khai thc cc ngun lc ca nh trng phc
v c hiu qu.
IV.1.4 Qun l i ng cn b
-

Xy dng cc chin lc, chng trnh cng tc nhm pht trin

v bi dng i ng cn b

Xy dng qui hoch cn b

Xy dng cc qui trnh tuyn dng, nh gi, khen thng-k lut

cn b

Xy dng cc ch , chnh sch bo m mi trng lm vic

thun li cho cn b.

IV.1.5 Qun l sinh vin

-

Xy dng cc qui nh, qui trnh trong cng tc qun l SV

T chc qun l h s SV v lp cu ni thng tin vi gia nh

SV

T chc cc hot ng th cht, tinh thn, vt cht cho SV

T chc cc hot ng t vn, gii thiu vic lm cho SV

T chc, theo di, nh gi cng tc gio vin ch nhim, ban

cn s lp, v hot ng on, Hi.

IV.1.6 Qun l cc dch v h tr o to

Dch v h tr o to bao gm cc hot ng th vin, cc phng

tin phc v ging dy v hc tp, cc dch v hnh chnh trong o
to. Qun l dch v h tr o to cn tp trung vo cng tc t chc,
khai thc cc ngun lc ca nh trng phc v cng tc o to
c hiu qu.
IV.1.7 Qun l ngun lc v ti sn
Ngun lc v ti sn y bao gm c s vt cht, thit b, v ngun
ti chnh ca nh trng. Cng tc qun l ngun lc v ti sn cn
tp trung vo vic xy dng, pht trin mi trng ging dy v hc
tp; pht trin v gim st cc hot ng ti chnh ca nh trng.
IV.1.8 Qun l iu hnh nh trng
-

Xc nh nh hng, cc chin lc pht trin ca nh trng

trong tng giai on

Xy dng cc qui nh, qui trnh hot ng chung ca nh

trng

T chc, theo di, nh gi vic trin khai cc chin lc pht

trin cc n v

T chc, theo di, nh gi hot ng ca ton b my ca nh

trng.

IV.2 CHT LNG V QUN L CHT LNG I HC

IV.2.1 Cc quan nim v cht lng i hc
Cht lng l mt khi nim c tnh ph bin trong nhiu lnh vc khc
nhau, nhng thc ra n khng c nh ngha mt cch thng nht,
ngay c trong lnh vc gio dc. Trong lnh vc H, khi ni n cht
lng, chng ta thng quan tm n phn gio dc, tc hay bn
n cht lng o to (training quality). Cht lng o to thng
c xc nh qua nhiu tiu ch, da vo kin thc v k nng SV c
c sau nhng kha hc hoc sau khi ra trng. Tuy nhin, mt
bnh din rng hn, cht lng GDH (higher education quality)
thng c xc nh nh mc hi lng ca khch hng ( y
c th nh ngha nh ton x hi) i vi tt c cc loi sn phm
m nn H to ra (SV tt nghip, cc kha hc, kt qu nghin cu v
dch v khoa hc).
Mi quan tm n cht lng H xut hin c l t khi nn GDH
xut hin. Tuy nhin vic xc nh nh th no l cht lng GDH v
lm th no tng cng cht lng th c khng t quan im
7

khc nhau. Theo P.T. Ngh (2000), c ba trng phi chnh v cht
lng GDH nh sau:
-

L thuyt v s khan him ca cht lng: quan nim cht

lng tun th theo qui lut hnh chp. i b phn sn phm
c cht lng thp, ch c mt s t c cht lng cao. Hay ni
cch khc cht lng khng th l mt thuc tnh c tnh i
tr. Theo quan nim ny, ch c mt s t trng H l tht s
c cht lng, v v vy n lm hn ch tc dng ca cc hot
ng nhm nng cao cht lng cc trng H ni chung.

L thuyt gia tng gi tr: xem cht lng l mt khi nim ng,
v cn c thng xuyn pht trin. Vai tr ca H l khng
ngng lm tng kin thc, k nng, v hon thin thi ca
ngi hc t lc nhp trng cho n khi ra trng.

L thuyt v cht lng xc nh theo s mng v mc tiu: xem

cht lng l s ph hp vi nhng tuyn b s mnh v kt
qu t c ca mc tiu trong phm vi cc chun mc c
chp nhn cng khai (Bogue & Saunders, 1992, tr.20).

a s cc h thng H hin nay, quan nim cht lng theo trng

phi th ba v n cha ng nhng u vit sau:
-

Tn trng tnh a dng ca s mnh, c im ca mi c s

H v cc mc tiu m n hng n.

i hi s vn ng ca nh trng trong vic t c cc

mc tiu v cht lng.

Khuyn khch tnh cng khai v t chu trch nhim ca nh

trng i vi ngi hc v x hi v nhng mc tiu c xy
dng.

T cc mc tiu c, nh trng c th c th ha thnh cc

tiu ch phn u, nh gi v cc hot ng c th.

P.T.Ngh (2002) cng cho rng, khng nn xem cht lng theo quan
nim tuyt i (s khan him), v cng khng nn xem cht lng theo
quan nim v s gia tng gi tr (rt kh xc nh), m cht lng cn
c xem xt trn c s cc chun mc theo nhng tiu ch c c
th ha t mc tiu o to v xut pht t s mng ca c s GDH
(tr. 4).
Cn theo N..Chnh (2002), hin nay trn th gii c su quan im v
cht lng GDH nh sau:

(1) Cht lng c nh gi bng u vo: Trng H c cht

lng cao nu tuyn c nhiu SV gii, c i ng CBGD uy
tn, c s vt cht di do
(2) Cht lng c nh gi bng u ra: Trng H c cht
lng cao nu cho ra c nhiu SV tt nghip gii, nhiu
cng trnh khoa hc gi tr, nhiu kha hc c sc thu ht
cao
(3) Cht lng c nh gi bng gi tr gia tng: Trng H
c cht lng cao nu to ra c s khc bit ln v s pht
trin ca SV sau qu trnh o to ti trng.
(4) Cht lng c nh gi bng gi tr hc thut: Trng H
c cht lng cao nu c c i ng CBGD, cc nh khoa
hc c uy tn ln.
(5) Cht lng c nh gi bng vn ha t chc
ring:Trng H c cht lng cao nu c c mt truyn
thng tt p v hot ng khng ngng nng cao cht lng
ton din.
(6) Cht lng c nh gi bng kim ton: Trng H c
cht lng cao nu kt qu kim ton ti chnh cho thy nh
trng c cc hot ng ti chnh lnh mnh v mang li hiu
qu cao i vi s pht trin ca nh trng.
IV.2.2 Cc cp qun l cht lng i hc
Kim sot cht lng
L hnh thc qun l cht lng lu i nht v cng km hiu qu
nht so vi cc hnh thc khc. Kim sot cht lng ch yu ch tp
trung u ra ca sn phm xc nh mc p ng ca sn
phm so vi cc tiu ch, chun mc c xc nh. Trong lnh vc
GDH, cc hot ng thanh kim tra (t bn ngoi hoc trong ni b
trng H) i vi cc sn phm hon chnh ca nh trng (SV tt
nghip, cc chng trnh o to, cc cng trnh NCKH) tuy c tc
dng hn ch vic cho ra nhng sn phm thiu hon thin, chng vn
cha th gp phn tch cc vo qu trnh pht trin cht lng ca cc
sn phm.
m bo cht lng
Nu hnh thc kim sot cht lng ch yu ch quan tm n vic bo
m s p ng cc tiu chun ca sn phm, th m bo cht lng
9

(BCL) hng n vic khng ngng nng cao cht lng ca sn

phm. lm c iu , hot ng BCL cn din ra trc v
trong qu trnh to ra sn phm; v xem mi thnh vin trong t chc
u c trch nhim vi cc sn phm m t chc to ra.
BCL c coi l mt hnh thc qun l cht lng c nhiu u im
hn hn so vi hnh thc kim sot cht lng nh tng tn ti lu
nay trong h thng H ca nc ta. Trong khi kim sot cht lng
tp trung ch yu vo hot ng nh gi, th hnh thc BCL, cc
c s GDH ngoi nhim v qun l cht lng cn cn phi tp
trung xy dng v thc thi cc qui trnh, c ch ca qu trnh o to
trn c s k hoch chin lc, nhim v, mc tiu, chun mc
c xc nh (P.T.Ngh, 2002). iu ny c ngha, hot ng BCL
mt c s H cn phi to ra nhng cng c qun l, nh gi ph
hp trn c s cc chun mc, nhng tiu ch c c th ha t mc
tiu o to v xut pht t s mng ca c s GDH; v ng thi t
chc thc hin nhm t c cc mc tiu ra.
Qun l cht lng tng th/ Qun l cht lng ton din
L hnh thc qun l tng t nh BCL v m hnh hot ng. Tuy
nhin qun l cht lng tng th quan tm nhiu hn n cc yu t
sau:
-

p ng yu cu, th hiu ca khch hng c coi l mc tiu

hng u

Xy dng v pht trin nn vn ha cht lng trong t chc l

yu t quyt nh i vi mc tiu nng cao cht lng sn
phm.

Hnh thc qun l cht lng tng th/ qun l cht lng ton din
c p dng ch yu trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. i vi
lnh vc GDH, vic p ng yu cu, th hiu ca khch hng kh
c th din ra mt cch trit , bi l sn phm ca GDH cn thi
gian sn xut kh lu (v d qu trnh o to mt 4-6 nm), trong khi
yu cu v th hiu thng thay i nhanh chng hn. Hot ng sn
xut ca GDH cn c s nh hng mang tnh chin lc hn l s
tha mn nhng yu cu trc mt.
Mt trong nhng khu c tm quan trng bc nht ca cng tc qun l
mt c quan, n v l qun l cc ngun lc. Khi ni n ngun lc,
chng ta thng hay cp n cc ngun lc ti chnh, c s vt

10

cht, v con ngi. i vi t duy qun l hin i, khi nim ngun

lc c hiu rng hn nhiu. Chu trnh pht trin gi tr c trnh
by di y c th c xem l mt cng c t duy mnh, c th
gip ch rt tt cho cng tc qun l cht lng cc ngun lc v cc
hot ng cn phi c mt trng H.
IV.3 P DNG CHU TRNH PHT TRIN GI TR TRONG QUN L
TRNG I HC CCH TIP CN QUN L CHT LNG
TON DIN
IV.3.1 Gii thiu Chu trnh pht trin gi tr
Chu trnh pht trin gi tr (Value-creation Cycle), biu din trn Hnh 1,
c xy dng vo cui th k 20 bi mt nhm cc nh khoa hc,
ng u l Tin s Bjorn Eirik Olsen, theo mt d n ca Hi ng
Nghin cu khoa hc Nauy (Norwegian Research Council). Chu trnh
c chnh thc gii thiu ln u ti Vit Nam thng qua Hi tho
nng cao nng lc qun l c t chc ti Trng i hc Thu sn
ngy 18/6/2004 (Olsen, 2004).

KH
HP
TC
TI
CHNH
CU
TRC

NHN
LC

NSX

SP

Hnh 1: CHU TRNH PHT TRIN GI TR

(VALUE-CREATION CYCLE)
(Ghi ch: NSX: Nh sn xut; SP: Sn phm; KH: Khch hng)
y l mt chu trnh nhm cung cp mt cch nhn h thng v mi
lin h gia nh sn xut (organisation), sn phm (product), v
khch hng (target group); ng thi nhn mnh bn yu t ngun
lc gip cho mi lin h ni trn khng ngng c pht trin: ngun
11

nhn lc (human resource), ngun lc ti chnh (finance resource),

ngun lc cu trc (structural resource), v ngun lc hp tc (coworking resource). Chu trnh ny c th c p dng cho tt c cc t
chc c to ra sn phm nhm p ng yu cu ca khch hng.
Theo chu trnh trn, trong qu trnh NSX sn xut ra SP, SP cn
phi c qung b n KH. Sau khi KH tiu th SP, NSX cn phi
ch ng ly thng tin phn hi t KH v cht lng SP. Da trn
thng tin ny, NSX iu chnh hoc pht trin SP ca mnh. C nh
vy, cht lng ca SP s khng ngng c nng cao v ngy cng
p ng yu cu ca KH. Cc yu t ngun lc ca chu trnh c th
c m t tm tt nh sau:
NGUN LC

M T

Ti chnh

Cc ngun vn / ti chnh m NSX c th tp hp c

Nhn lc

i ng CBVC ca NSX cng nhng gi tr vn ha, tinh

thn (s on kt, tin tng, qu trng,..), s hp tc bn
trong gia cc c nhn, n v.

Cu trc

Hp tc

Bao gm h thng c s vt cht; c cu b my; cc k

hoch chin lc; cc qui nh, qui tc, tiu ch cn phi
c vn hnh hot ng SX; cc gi tr vt cht (bng sng
ch, h thng bi ging, c s d liu, mng li thng
tin...) c xy dng nhm gip NSX hot ng n nh
Bao gm cc mi lin h hp tc vi bn ngoi (quan h vi
cc i tc c tc ng n hot ng SX)

IV.3.2 p dng vo qun l i hc

Sn phm v khch hng ca gio dc i hc
Nu p dng Chu trnh pht trin gi tr vo gio dc i hc (GD H)
th c th coi trng H l NSX. So vi hot ng ca cc doanh
nghip ni chung (vi hng ha l cc sn phm, dch v c th) th
trng H c cc loi sn phm a dng hn. Tng ng vi mi loi
sn phm ca trng H, i tng khch hng cng thay i theo:

12

SN PHM CA
GD H
Sinh vin

KHCH HNG
X hi (cng ty, x nghip, t chc)
Ngi hc

Kha hc

X hi

Khoa hc - cng ngh

Ging vin, nh khoa hc

X hi

Khi nim NSX trong Chu trnh cn c th p dng cho cc n v, b

phn trong trng H v d nh Khoa, Th vin, Vin/Trung tm Khoa
hc cng ngh Khi , ty theo chc nng nhim v ca mi n v,
m sn phm v khch hng tng ng cng s khc nhau (v d nh
i vi Th vin, sn phm chnh l ngun thng tin v khch hng chnh
l SV v CBVC ca Trng)
Hot ng qun l H tng ng vi sn phm (ch nu mt s
hot ng tiu biu) (L.V. Ho, 2004a)

Vi sn phm l SV:
MI QUAN H

HOT NG
-

T chc, s dng cc ngun lc phc v o to

Qun l cht lng u vo (tuyn sinh), qu trnh

(cng tc o to), v u ra (cht lng SV tt
nghip)

T chc cc hot ng m bo cht lng o to

(xy dng cc qui nh, t chc gim st, kim tra,
nh gi cc hot ng c lin quan n cht lng
o to)

Sn xut

Qung b

Gii thiu s lng, cht lng SV tt nghip n cc

t chc, doanh nghip

Phn hi

T chc thu thp thng tin v SV tt nghip, v yu cu

ngun nhn lc ca cc t chc, doanh nghip

13


Vi sn phm l cc kha hc:

MI QUAN H

HOT NG
-

T chc cc ngun lc phc v xy dng cc kha

hc

Qun l cc kha hc ph hp vi nhiu i tng,

nhiu loi yu cu

Xy dng cc qui nh, t chc gim st, kim tra,

nh gi cc chng trnh, ti liu ca cc kha
hc

Sn xut

Qung b

Gii thiu cc kha hc n cc i tng ngi hc,

cc t chc, doanh nghip

Phn hi

T chc thu thp thng tin v cc kha hc t cc i

tng ngi hc, cc t chc, doanh nghip

Vi sn phm l khoa hc-cng ngh:

MI QUAN H

HOT NG
- T chc cc ngun lc phc v NCKH

Sn xut

- T chc trin khai hot ng NCKH

- Xy dng cc qui nh, t chc gim st, kim tra,
nh gi cc ti NCKH

Qung b

Gii thiu cc sn phm, dch v NCKH n ging vin,

nh khoa hc, cc t chc, doanh nghip lin quan

Phn hi

T chc thu thp thng tin phn hi v cc sn phm

NCKH t cc i tng c lin quan

V. NH GI THC TRNG V CC HOT NG CH YU TI

HNT
Sau y l nhng phn tch SWOT v thc trng ca Trng H
Nha Trang da trn cc yu cu v ngun lc v sn phm ca Chu
trnh pht trin gi tr.

14

V.1 NHN XT V CC NGUN LC

NGUN LC CU TRC
im mnh:
-

im yu:

xy dng tng i n - B my lnh o cha c s

nh c cu b my v h
tham gia t vn ca lc lng
thng chc nng nhim v
bn ngoi

Bc u c k hoch chin - H thng ch chnh sch

lc cho tng giai on
cha h tr tt cho vic pht
trin hot ng NCKH
- quan tm n vic xy
dng v hon thin ch , - H thng thng tin, d liu
chnh sch
cha p ng c yu cu
khai thc phc v o to v
- C h thng c s vt cht,
NCKH.
trang thit b c bn p ng
-

c yu cu ca hot ng - Thiu c s nghin cu

o to v NCKH
chuyn su cho mt s lnh
vc mi nhn
C hi:

Thch thc:

C ch qun l GD H Vit - S pht trin nhanh chng ca

Nam ngy cng giao nhiu
h thng cc trng H s
quyn t ch hn cho cc
lm gia tng tnh cnh tranh
trng H
u vo v s u t ca Nh
nc
- Chin lc kinh t bin ca
Nh nc c thng - S pht trin ca x hi i
qua, trong c vai tr ca
hi nh trng cn c b my
o to v NCKH
qun l khng ngng c
hon thin
-

NGUN LC HP TC
im mnh:
-

im yu:

C ngun nhn lc trin - Cha xc nh r chc nng

khai cc hot ng hp tc
pht trin hp tc ca cc n

15

trong nc
-

Th mnh v o to v NCKH
trong lnh vc thy sn gip d
pht trin cc hot ng hp
tc

C hi:

v. Hp tc vi bn ngoi cha
tht s c cc n v coi
trng, c bit trn lnh vc
NCKH
Thiu v cha khai thc ng
mc ngun nhn lc c kh
nng trin khai cc hp tc
quc t bng cc chnh sch
ng vin thch ng

Thch thc:

iu kin m rng hp tc - Quan h hp tc quc t ngy

trong v ngoi nc ngy cng
cng tin ti th bnh ng
thun li
(ngun vin tr khng hon li
gim dn)
- Mng li ViFINET c nhiu
tim nng trong vic kt ni cc - Trng HNT nm xa cc
trng, vin thnh vin cng
trung tm gio dc v KHCN
nhau pht trin
-

NGUN NHN LC
im mnh:

im yu:

C s gia tng u n v s - i ng CBQL cha c tnh

lng GV
chuyn nghip tt, nng lc
ngoi ng hn ch
- a s CBVC gn b vi ngh
nghip v Nh trng
- Cha p ng nhu cu GV
mt s lnh vc c SV ng
-

T l GV c hc hm, hc v
cao cn kh thp

Bnh qun gi ging ca GV

cao, lm hn ch hot ng
NCKH

S hp tc gia cc n v, c
bit trong NCKH, cha th hin
r nt

T l GV t cc trng khc v

16

rt thp
C hi:

Thch thc:

GV c nhiu c hi c nng - Cc cng ty t nhn nhn

cao trnh trong v ngoi
chung c mc lng kh hp
nc
dn hn so vi cc trng H

Chnh sch ca nh nc/B - Nhiu trng H t thc mi

GD&T v pht trin i ng
thnh lp ang chiu m CBQL
ging vin
v GV c nng lc
-

V tr ca Trng HNT khng

thu ht mnh ngun nhn lc
gii

NGUN LC TI CHNH
im mnh:
-

im yu:

C c ch qun l ti chnh - Cn tp trung ch yu vo cc

cht ch, minh bch
ngun thu truyn thng: ngn
sch, hc ph. Cc ngun thu
t hp tc (quc t v trong
nc) v NCKH cn khim tn
-

C hi:

t sn phm NCKH c kh nng

a vo sn xut ln to
ngun thu

Thch thc:

c s tr cp ca Nh - Trng HNT khng nm

nc v nhiu mt
trong h thng cc trng
c u tin u t t ngn
- Chnh sch tng hc ph s
sch Nh nc
c p dng t NH 2008-

2009
-

Tnh ch ng v ti chnh ca
trng H ngy cng c
tng cng

17

Chu s khng ch v mc thu

hc ph i vi ngi hc
(ang rt thp so vi yu cu
nng cao cht lng o to)

V.2 NHN XT V CC SN PHM

SN PHM L SV
im mnh:

im yu:

Trng HNT cung cp cho x - Nng lc ngoi ng, cc k

hi lc lng lao ng vi
nng ngh nghip, tnh sng
nhiu trnh (t TC n SH)
to cn hn ch
v chuyn ngnh khc nhau
- Kin thc x hi, qun l cn
- a s c phm cht tt, c tinh
yu
thn cu tin v sc khe
- Cha c tinh thn lm vic
-

nhm (team work)

C hi:
-

Thch thc:

Nhu cu nhn lc trnh cao - Trnh u vo ca SV thuc

kh ln
nhm trung bnh thp, gp
phn nh hng cht lng
u ra
-

Mt s trng H trong nc
c cung cp SVTN mt s
ngnh nh ca HNT, do vy
tnh cnh tranh s ngy cng
mnh

SN PHM L CC KHA HC
im mnh:

im yu:

a s CTT/kha hc c xy dng kh n nh t nhiu

nm
- C s vt cht nhn chung p
ng tt yu cu ging dy v
hc tp
-

Cn nng v l thuyt, chm cp

nht
CTT/kha hc nhn chung
cha p ng cho cc cp o
to khc nhau, cha nh k t
chc ly kin bn ngoi

a cp (t TC n CH), a - C qu t cc CTT tay ngh,

ngnh
bi dng chuyn mn ngn
hn

18

C hi:

Cha c qung b rng ri

n x hi

Thch thc:

Nhiu a phng trong c - Mt s cc trung tm o to

trong nc v quc t c nhiu
nc c nhu cu o to ti
CTT v kha hc hp dn
ch
ngi hc
- c s h tr, lin kt o
to bi cc trng, vin trong - Nhiu ngnh hc v thy sn
ang b suy gim mnh v s
(ViFINET) v ngoi nc (cc
lng ngi hc
trng ca Nauy, Nht, Cng
ha Czech, )
-

SN PHM L KHOA HC CNG NGH

im mnh:

im yu:

Trng HNT c uy tn kh - T l cc ti c ng dng

cao trong lnh vc KHCN thy
thc tin cn thp
sn
- Rt t cc bi bo c ng
- C mt s sn phm KHCN
trn cc tp ch khoa hc c uy
p ng yu cu x hi
tn quc t
-

C hi:

Cha c nhiu sn phm c

trng c uy tn v gi tr thng
mi cao

H thng d liu v kt qu
NCKH cn tn mn

Thch thc:

Nhu cu hp tc NCKH v - Nhiu trng/vin trong nc

CGCN trong lnh vc thy sn
c b dy ng k trong lnh
cc doanh nghip, a
vc NCKH v CGCN v lnh
phng cn rt ln
vc thy sn

Thy sn l mt trong cc lnh - Cc sn phm thy sn ngoi

vc nghin cu c ch trng
th trng ngy cng c cht
tm quc gia v quc t
lng cao, mu m p

19

V.3 NHN XT V NNG LC QUN L IU HNH NH TRNG

V.3.1 Nng lc xy dng, t chc thc thi v kim tra chin lc
im mnh
-

im yu

Lnh o Nh trng c tm nhn - T duy xy dng chin lc vn cn

mang nng tnh k hoch, thiu tm
v nhn thc ng v vai tr ca
nhn cho di hn.
chin lc xc nh v th ca
Nh trng trong di hn.
- Cha tip cn cc phng php hin
i vo qu trnh xy dng chin lc.
Nh trng xc nh c s
mng l o to v bi dng - Nng lc xy dng chin lc ca
ngun nhn lc c trnh i hc
mt s cn b cp Khoa v phng
v sau i hc thuc a lnh vc;
ban cn hn ch.
t chc nghin cu khoa hc,
- S mng, mc tiu ca chin lc
chuyn giao cng ngh v cung
Nh trng cha c ph bin
cp cc dch v chuyn mn cho
rng ri v cha thm su vo tng
nn kinh t, c bit l lnh vc
cn b cng nhn vin.
Thy sn.
- Vic c th ha cc tng chin
Mc tiu ca Nh trng c
lc tng th thnh cc chng trnh
khng nh l khng ngng pht
k hoch hnh ng cho tng n v
trin cc ngun lc a Nh
cha c thc hin trit .
trng tr thnh trng i hc a
ngnh, vi cht lng o to v - Cng tc t chc thc hin chin
lc vn ch trng vo gii quyt cc
nghin cu khoa hc t chun
s v, cha to lp c h thng
quc gia v tip cn n trnh
cc chnh sch v ngun lc ph hp
ca khu vc.
trong thc hin cc hot ng.
Chin lc pht trin Nh trng
c xy dng nhm a Nh - Cc Khoa v phng chc nng c
tham gia vo qu trnh xy dng
trng t mc tiu l trng i
chin lc, nhng cha thc s ch
hc t tiu chun quc gia v khu
ng trong vic trin khai thc hin
vc.
chin lc.
Vic xy dng chin lc huy
ng c s tham gia ca cc - Cng tc kim tra ton din hng
nm nh gi l trnh thc thi
Khoa v phng ban chc nng.
chin lc ca Nh trng cha
c thc hin.

20

V.3.2 Nng lc xy dng c cu t chc

im mnh

im yu

T duy i mi trong vic mnh - Vic phn cp, phn quyn v y

dn thay i c cu t chc cho
quyn vn cha mang li hiu qu
ph hp vi giai on mi theo
cao trong cng tc qun l do quyn
hng tinh gim, hiu qu.
hn v trch nhim cha tng xng.

Xy dng c cu t chc gn vi - Qu trnh xy dng chc danh cc

vic thc hin chin lc bc
cng vic mi dng li cp cao.
u c ch trng cp
Cha c th ha chi tit cc cp
Trng v cc n v.
thp hn xc nh ng s lng
nhn vin cn thit v o lng hiu
i ng cn b lnh o cc cp
qu thc hin cng vic.
tng bc c tr ha.

Vic b nhim cn b lnh o cc - Vic xy dng quyn hn, trch

nhim ca mt s n v cha c
cp ch trng n s kt hp
r rng, nh hng trc tip n qu
nng lc chuyn mn v nng lc
trnh t chc thc hin chin lc,
qun l.
dn n cn hin tng n y
trch nhim, cng vic.
- Mi quan h v phi hp cng tc
ca cc b phn, phng ban cn hn
ch cha to lp c tnh thng
nht v phi hp cng tc.
- Mt s cn b c b tr vo cc n
v cha nng lc t vn tham mu
cho lnh o n v v Nh trng.

V.3.3 Nng lc xy dng h thng th ch chnh sch

im mnh

im yu

ch trng n vic xy dng/ b sung/sa i cc quy nh ph

hp hn.

Nhiu quy nh c ban hnh,

c bit cho cc lnh vc hot ng -

21

Nng lc xy dng cc chnh sch

ca mt s cn b tham mu cho
lnh o Nh trng cn yu, cha
p ng i hi ca giai on mi.
Mt s vn bn ban hnh cha ng

nh: o to, ti chnh lm

cho cc hot ng ny tng bc
i vo n nh.
-

b, thiu nht qun, chm i mi

gy tr ngi cho qu trnh thc hin.

H thng lng/ thng ca Nh

trng cn theo hng bnh qun,
cha l ng c khuyn khch
cn b cng nhn vin nng cao
hiu qu cng vic, cha thu ht
c nhn ti.

Cha nh k nh gi li tc ng
ca h thng c ch chnh sch
c nhng iu chnh kp thi cho
ph hp.

Trao i thng tin hai chiu hn ch

(mt s CBCNVC cn th vi vic
phn hi thng tin lm nh hng
n vic ra quyt nh qun l).

Chnh sch ng vin, khuyn

khch CBCNV cha mnh to
nn nhng bc thay i t ph,
nht l trong hot ng nghin cu
khoa hc v hp tc quc t.

V.3.4 Nng lc la chn phong cch qun l

im mnh

im yu

Lnh o Nh trng v mt s n v la chn phong cch

qun l tp trung, dn ch, ph hp
vi cc tnh hung qun l.

i thoi trc tip gia lnh o

Nh trng vi CBCNV v sinh
vin c t chc v bc u
mang li nhng hiu qu.

22

Mt s cn b cc n v vn cha
xc nh r rng phong cch qun l.
Trong qun l vn cn mang nng
tnh p t cho cc hot ng ca
n v c vn hnh trn tru,
cha khuyn khch c s sng
to v ch ng ca nhn vin.
Mt s cn b qun l cha thc s
thay i t duy trong qun l (dnh
nhiu thi gian cho vic gii quyt
cc vn s v, cha ch trng

n thit lp v nh hng tng

lai ca n v).
-

Mt s cn b qun l cha c
o to bi bn v kin thc qun
l v phong cch qun l.

V.3.5 Nng lc xy dng v pht trin i ng cn b vin chc

im mnh
-

im yu

Bc u ch trng n vic quy hoch, k hoch pht trin i

ng cn b, ging vin v nhn
vin t n v n ton trng (quy
hoch cn b qun l cc cp cho giai on 2007 2015).
ch trng hn n cng tc o
to, nng cao trnh ging dy,
nghin cu, chuyn mn nghip v v ngoi ng cho ging vin, cn
b v nhn vin.

23

Mt s n v cha ch trng ng
mc n vic phi hp vi Nh
trng xy dng v thc thi k
hoch pht trin i ng.
Vic b tr nhn s cho mt s
phng ban vn cha tnh n tm
nhn di hn pht trin nng lc
qun l cho i ng ny.
Quy trnh tuyn dng nhn s vn
cn hn ch v nhiu bt cp, mt
s tiu chun tuyn dng vn cn
xem nh (ngoi ng) lm nh
hng rt ln n vic pht trin
i ng trong bi cnh hi nhp.

Trong nhiu nm lin cha quyt

tm thc hin trit chin lc v
chnh sch pht trin i ng, nn
trong thi gian ti c kh nng s
thiu ht i ng lnh o mnh, c
tm nhn v i ng gio vin/cn
b gii v chuyn mn v tinh thng
ngoi ng y mnh cc hot
ng NCKH v hp tc quc t.

Cha c mt ngun kinh ph c

xc nh c th hng nm cho cng
tc pht trin i ng, m rng tm
nhn cho cn b vin chc.

V.3.6 Nng lc pht trin k nng ngh nghip ca cn b vin chc

im mnh

im yu

Lnh o Nh trng, cc n v quan tm nhiu n vic pht

trin kin thc chuyn mn ca
gio vin v k nng ngh nghip
ca nhn vin trong giai on mi.

Cc lp tp hun ngn hn v pht

trin k nng ngh nghip c
t chc trong cc nm qua cho gio vin v cn b nhn vin.

VI.

Mt s nhn vin vn cn th vi
vic t nng cao k nng ngh
nghip, cha nhn thc y v
ng n v vai tr ca mi c nhn
trong t chc, v trch nhim ca c
nhn trong vic gp phn nng cao
nng lc qun l ca Nh trng.
Trnh ting Anh vn cn yu
trong i b phn gio vin v cn
b nhn vin ca Nh trng.
cng l mt trong nhng ro cn
tip cn vi tri thc v k nng mi.
Nh trng cha mnh dn c cc
hnh thc u t hp l pht trin
k nng ngh nghip gio vin/ nhn
vin (cha c k hoch ngn sch
c phn b hng nm mi cc
chuyn gia u n n trnh by
cc chuyn vi Nh trng, cha
tr th lao ging dy hp l cho cc
gio s gii nn khng th mi ging
c cc gio s ny).

MT S KINH NGHIM V T CHC, QUN L I HC

VI.1 T CHC QUN L CP KHOA TRNG I HC

T chc qun l H trn th gii rt a dng bi cc trng H nhn
chung c giao quyn t ch rt ln. Trong bi cnh , qun l cp
khoa cc trng H cng rt khc nhau. c mt v d c th v
phn nh nhng c trng ph bin nht ca qun l cp khoa cc
H phng Ty, t cc trng H Vit Nam c th tham kho,
tc gi xin gii thiu v t chc cp khoa Trng H Portsmouth,
Vng quc Anh. Trng mi ch c chnh thc thnh lp t nm

24

1992, hin c tt c khong 18.000 SV trong khong 3500 l hc

vin sau H.
VI.1.1 V tr ca cp khoa trong b my qun l ca Trng H
Portsmouth
S 1 biu din v tr ca cp khoa trong b my qun l tng th ca
Trng H Portsmouth. S cho thy vai tr tch cc ca cp khoa
trong cng tc qun l iu hnh: i din ca Hi ng khoa (Faculty
Board) c tham gia cng vi cc i din ca cc b phn chc
nng nh Hoch nh chnh sch (Academic Policy), m bo cht
lng (Quality Assurance), Nghin cu v pht trin (Research &
Development), v Sau i hc (Research Degrees) trong Hi ng hc
thut (Academic Council) ca Nh trng bn bc, thng nht cc
ch trng hot ng chung. Hiu trng v Ban Gim hiu
(Directorate) chu trch nhim t chc thc hin cc ch trng ny
trong Nh trng.
VI.1.2 T chc ca cc khoa Trng H Portsmouth
S 2 cho thy c cu cc b mn (Department), trng (School),
trung tm (Centre) v vin (Institute) trc thuc khoa ca Trng H
Portsmouth. Tt c cc n v c s ny c t di s lnh o
trc tip ca cc Trng khoa. Hiu trng v Ban Gim hiu ch o
cc n v c s thng qua cc Trng khoa. y l mt c cu qun
l theo hng phn cp mnh v n v khoa nhm gim bt cc u
mi qun l cp Trng.

25

Research &
Development

26

Research
Degrees

Human
Resources

Estate & InformationTechnology

Students Academic
& General Affairs

Remuneration

Nomination

Quality
Assurance

Finance

CH THCH: Ra quyt nh & ngh:

T vn:

Academic
Policy

Emergency

AUDIT AND
QUALITY

S 1

Academic
Council

ViceChancelor
Directorate

Board of
Govenors

IT COMMITEEE

Faculty Executive
Committee

Faculty Board

Health & Safety

Strategic Planning
Group

DEAN
Faculty of
Environment

School of
Environmental design
and management
Department of Civil
engneering
School of Architecture
School of Art, design
and media
Department of
Geography
Institute of Maritime
and heritage studies

DEAN
Faculty of
Technology

Department of
Computer science and
software engineering
Department of Creative
technology
Department of
Electronic and
Computer Engineering
Department of
Information systems
and computer
applications
Department of
Mathematics
Department of
Mechanical and design
engineering
Technology extended
Campus
Institute of Cosmology
and Gravitation
Portsmouth Centre for
Enterprise

S
I. 2

27

Department of
Accounting and law
Department of
Ecnomics
Department of Strategy
and business systems

DEAN
Portsmouth Business
School

VICE-CHANCELOR
DIRECTORATE

School of Education
and continuing studies
School of languages
and area studies
School of Social,
historical and literary
studies
Institute of Criminal
justice studies
School of Creative
arts, film and media

DEAN
Faculty of
Humanities & Social
Sciences

School of
Biological
sciences
School of Earth
and environmental
sciences
School of
Pharmacy and
biomedical
sciences
Portsmouth
Institute of
Medicine, helth
and social care
Department of
Psychology
Department of
Sport and exercise
science

DEAN
Faculty of
Science

VI.1.3 Cc hi ng cp khoa ca Trng H Portsmouth

Hi ng khoa (Faculty Board)
Thnh phn:
Trng khoa: Ch tch Hi ng
Cc Ph trng khoa
Trng cc b mn hoc trng (school) trc thuc
Gim c pht trin (Business Development Director)
Ch tch Hi ng o to
Ch tch Hi ng IT (Information Technology)
Ch tch Hi ng nghin cu
Qun tr trng (Faculty Manager)
Hai thnh vin c bu t b phn phc v
i biu SV c bu t SV thuc cc b mn, trng trc thuc
(mi n v bu ra mt)
i biu c bu t mi b mn, trng trc thuc (mi n v bu
ra ti a hai)
Cc i biu t cc khoa khc
Th k khoa
Chc nng nhim v chnh:
xut vi Hi ng hoch nh chnh sch v cc chng trnh
pht trin o to, nghin cu khoa hc ca khoa
Tip nhn v x l cc ngun kinh ph ca khoa
Hoch nh k hoch pht trin nhn lc ca khoa v a ra cc
xut
Gim st v h tr cc mn hc thuc khoa
Hi ng khoa cp cao (Faculty Executive Committee)
Thnh phn:
Trng khoa: Ch tch Hi ng
Cc Ph trng khoa
Trng cc b mn hoc trng (school) trc thuc
Mt i biu ca CBVC trong khoa

28

 i din Ban Gim hiu (trong cc cuc hp bn v ngn sch hoc

xy dng k hoch pht trin hc thut)
Th k khoa
Chc nng nhim v:
Xem xt mi vn lin quan n khoa, v a ra cc xut vi
Hi ng khoa hoc cc hi ng cp trng
Ch tch Hi ng c nhim v bo co v hot ng ca Hi ng
khoa cp cao ti cc cuc hp ca Hi ng khoa
Hi ng o to (Faculty Learning and Teaching Committee):
Thnh phn:
Ph Trng khoa ph trch o to: Ch tch Hi ng
Ph Trng khoa ph trch nghin cu khoa hc
Ph Trng khoa ph trch cht lng
i din ca cc b mn hoc trng trc thuc
Ph trch IT ca khoa
t nht c mt trng b mn hoc trng trc thuc
i din ca Phng Pht trin hc tp (Department of Learning
Development)
i din ca Th vin
Chc nng nhim v:
Pht trin, h tr v nh gi cht lng cc hot ng o to ca
khoa
T chc trao i, pht trin nhng kinh nghim tt trong dy v hc
xut vi khoa v k hoch chin lc nhm pht trin o to
Gi mi quan h cht ch vi Hi ng o to v B phn ph
trch SV ca Trng
xut v vic phn b cc ngun lc phc v o to

VI.2 M HNH PHN CP QUN L I HC

tng cng tnh phn cp trong cng tc qun l trng i hc, c th
tham kho hai m hnh sau (Alfred & Rosevear, 2000):

29

VI.2.1 M hnh phn quyn (Distributed Organization):

X hi

X hi
Gim
hiu

Gim
hiu

Khoa, Phng

Khoa, Phng

B mn, T cng tc

B mn, T cng tc

Hnh 2a: QL hnh thp kiu c

Hnh 2b: QL hnh thp kiu mi

M hnh qun l ny v mt hnh thc cng tng t nh kiu qun l hnh

thp, tuy nhin y cc n v nh (b mn, t cng tc,) c giao
quyn t chc, quyt nh cc cng vic ca n v mnh; c trc tip lm
vic vi khch hng da trn mc tiu, nh hng, v cc qui nh chung
ca nh trng hay ca khoa. Chng hn nhiu trng H ln trn th gii,
mt s department (b mn) c mang tn chnh thc l School (trng) v
h c t chc, iu hnh ta nh mt trng con. Nh vy s khc bit c
bn ca m hnh qun l ny (Hnh 1b) so vi kiu qun l hnh thp truyn
thng (Hnh 1a) l cc n v nh c c lp hn nhiu trong qun l iu
hnh, t c th pht trin mnh mi quan h vi bn ngoi (gi tt l x hi).
VI.2.2 M hnh kiu phn t (Molecular Organization):

X hi

Hnh 3: M hnh kiu phn t

30

M hnh kiu ny gn nh ch c hai cp qun l: gim hiu (hay ban gim

c trng, hi ng qun tr) v cc n v trc thuc trong gim hiu
nh mt nguyn t trung tm cn cc n v l cc nguyn t lin kt. Da
trn mc tiu, nh hng chung ca nh trng cc n v c quyn ch
ng trong t chc, iu hnh v lm vic vi cc i tc ngoi trng (x
hi). Nhng u im chnh ca m hnh ny:
-

C cu b my gn nh, d thch nghi vi yu cu pht trin v yu cu

ca th trng.

Cc n v c iu kin tip cn st vi th trung (x hi).

Ph hp tt vi cc trng c nhiu c s, chi nhnh cc a bn

khc nhau.

VI.3 HI NG TRNG

Nhm mc ch tng cng hiu qu hot ng qun tr trng i hc, nng

cao tnh t chu trch nhim i vi x hi (accountability) v th ch ha s
gn kt gia nh trng vi x hi, chnh ph ca nhiu nc trn th gii
buc cc trng i hc xy dng hi ng trng (Board of Governors) vi
vai tr l mt c quan quyn lc quan trng nht trong nh trng (L.V. Ho,
2004b). Hi ng trng ca Trng H Portsmouth nh ni trn l mt
v d (S 1 tr. 26).
Vit Nam, hi ng trng c th ch ha ti iu l trng i hc
c k ban hnh ngy 30/7/2003 theo Quyt nh 153/2003/Q-TTg ca Th
tng Chnh ph. Do cn tn ti nhiu kh khn khch quan, cho nn tuy
iu l c hiu lc c 5 nm, n nay cng ch c mt s t trng i
hc thnh lp hi ng trng (n c nh: Trng H Kinh t quc dn,
Trng H Ngoi thng, Trng H Lut TP.HCM, Trng H Thy li,
Trng H Tin Giang, ). Thnh cng ban u ca cc trng H ny l
bc u khng nh c vai tr ca hi ng trng trong nh trng,
c c s tham gia ca cc thnh vin ngoi trng trong vic xy dng cc
quyt ngh v mc tiu chin lc, k hoch pht trin ca trng. V d sau
y nhm gii thiu Hi ng trng ca Trng H Ngoi thng
(http://www.ftu.edu.vn, truy cp ngy 4/5/2008):

31

Hi ng Trng i hc Ngoi Thng:

Hi ng trng c ton th cn b, ging vin trng i hc Ngoi
thng bu v B trng B Gio dc v o to cng nhn theo Quyt nh s
5541/Q-BGDT ngy 29 thng 8 nm 2007. Nhim k u ca Hi ng trng
i hc Ngoi thng t nm 2007 n nm 2012 (2007-2012).
Hi ng trng l c quan qun tr ca trng i hc Ngoi thng, i din
ch s hu ca Nh nc v ti sn ca trng i hc Ngoi thng, l c quan
quyn lc cao nht ca trng c quyn ra cc quyt ngh v cc ch trng ln
thc hin quyn t ch v t chu trch nhim ca Nh trng theo quy nh
ca php lut. BGH c trch nhim thc hin cc ngh quyt v kt lun ca Hi
ng.
1. Nhim v ca Hi ng trng c quy nh theo iu l trng i
hc (iu 30):
- Quyt ngh v mc tiu chin lc, k hoch pht trin ca trng bao gm
d n quy hoch, k hoch pht trin trung v di hn ph hp vi Quy hoch
mng li cc trng i hc ca c nc;
- Quyt ngh v d tho quy ch t chc v hot ng ca trng, b sung, sa
i Quy ch trc khi Hiu trng trnh B GD v T ph duyt ;
- Quyt ngh ch trng chi tiu; u t xy dng c s vt cht, mua sm
trang thit b t ngun vn kinh ph nh nc cp hng nm v tt c cc ngun
thu ca trng;
- Gim st BGH v cc b phn chc nng trong vic thc hin Quy ch thc
hin dn ch trong cc hot ng ca Trng v cc Ngh quyt ca Hi ng v
bo co B GD v T.
2. C cu t chc ca Hi ng trng:
Ch tch: PGS.TS V Ch L%c
Tng th k: Th.s o Thu Giang
Cc U vin:
1.GS.TS Hong Vn Chu Hiu trng B th ng y
2.PGS.TS Phm Duy Lin Ch tch Cng on
3. Nguyn Vn Triu B th on trng
4. PGS.TS V S Tun Ph Hiu trng
5. PGS.TS Bi Ngc Sn Gim c C s II Ti thnh ph HCM
6. TS. Nguyn c Hot Ging vin Khoa ting Anh chuyn ngnh
7. TS. Bi Th L Ch nhim khoa Kinh t v Kinh doanh quc t
8. PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Hng Ph Hiu trng
9.TS. Trn Vit Hng nguyn trng phng TCHC
10. TS. Nguyn Xun Minh Ph Gim c c s II
11 GS.TS. Phm V Lun Th trng B GD v T
12. TS. V c am Th trng B Thng tin v truyn thng
13. ng Ph Thi Bnh Ph ch tch thng trc UBND thnh ph H Ni

32

VII. XUT
Da trn nhng c s l lun, nhng kinh nghim tt ca qun l H nc
ngoi, cng nh nhng phn tch SWOT v cc mt hot ng ca Trng
H Nha Trang c trnh by cc phn trn, chng ti ngh mt s gii
php nhm nng cao nng lc v hiu qu cng tc qun l iu hnh Nh
trng nh sau:
1. Chn mt ngn ng chung cho cng tc qun l ca Nh trng
Vic chn la mt ngn ng chung ph hp trong cng tc qun l mt
c quan c ngha quan trng ch mi CBQL u c th nhn nhn, nh
gi, v xy dng cc gii php gii quyt vn da trn mt nn tng l
lun chung. C th xem Chu trnh pht trin gi tr v SWOT l hai cng c
rt hiu qu trong vic gip cho i ng CBQL c c mt phng php
tip cn v x l cc vn v qun l. V pha Nh trng, cn nh k
t chc nhn xt, nh gi cc mt hot ng da trn Chu trnh pht trin
gi tr v phn tch SWOT, t xy dng cc gii php nhm khc phc
cc im yu.
2. i mi nhn thc ca cn b qun l
Mi s i mi cn bt u t vic thay i nhn thc ca con ngi. H
thng H ca chng ta tri qua cch qun l tp trung, bao cp trong nhiu
thp k. Du n vn cn in rt m trong cch ngh, cch lm ca nhiu
cn b qun l H ca chng ta. Trc y, cc trng H t chc o to,
thm ch NCKH theo k hoch c giao; v sn phm ca o to hoc ca
NCKH u c cp trn bao tiu hoc c p ng nhu cu x hi hay
khng nh trng khng c cu tr li. Trong c ch , trng H khng
phi quan tm n cnh tranh, i tm th trng, hay qung b cho cc sn
phm ca mnh.
Ngy nay, nu xt u vo H (tuyn sinh) th cung vn cn thp hn
nhiu so vi cu, nhng vn c s cnh tranh gia cc trng thu ht th
sinh kh gii; cn nu xt u ra (tt nghip) th i vi nhiu ngnh hc v
a phng, cung i vi sn phm o to vt xa cu. Trong bi
cnh , tnh cnh tranh gia cc trng H trong nc tr nn ngy
cng si ng; v v vy trng H cn phi tm n khch hng ca mnh
mt cch ch ng v bi bn hn ch khng th t chc cc hot ng ca
mnh theo kiu t c lp.
Phn ln CBQL ca Trng H Nha Trang xut thn t i ng CBGD, v a
s c chuyn mn su trong cc lnh vc k thut v cng ngh. V vy c
33

c mt i ng CBQL tm v kin thc v t duy qun l H trong bi

cnh mi, Nh trng cn c mt k hoch bi bn nhm bi dng thng
xuyn i ng ny, ng thi cn phi mnh dn trong cng tc sng lc i
ng duy tr sc mnh chung ca c b my qun l.
3. Xy dng chin lc tip cn khch hng v k hoch thc thi
Hot ng qun l ca GD H trn th gii ngy nay ang p dng cc m
hnh thnh cng ca qun l doanh nghip bi l vai tr, v tr ca khch
hng i vi GD H ang ngy cng tr nn quan trng. P.Q. Sng (2004)
nh gi mi quan h lng lo gia cc trng H vi c s sn xut l
mt trong nhng bt cp chnh trong gio dc H hin nay Vit Nam.
Tng t, P.T.Ngh (2000) cho rng trong s cc bin php nh gi cht
lng GD H hin nay, hnh thc nh gi thng qua tm hiu thi ca
ngi s dng dch v cha c s dng rng ri trong cc trng i hc
Vit Nam (tr.103). Mt trng H mun pht trin tt cn phi xy dng
chin lc ph hp hng n cc i tng khch hng sau:
-

Ngi hc (l hc sinh ph thng, SV ang theo hc, SV tt nghip

hoc nhng ngi ang cng tc): l khch hng ca cc chng trnh
o to.

Cc c quan, doanh nghip: l khch hng ca sn phm o to (SV tt

nghip) v cc chng trnh o to, cc sn phm NCKH v dch v.

thc thi cc chin lc trn, cn c cc k hoch, ni dung cng vic c

th. Mt v d rt ng suy ngh: vo thng 8 hng nm, Trng H RMIT
(chi nhnh ti Vit Nam) t chc Ngy hi khm ph Trng (Discovery Day)
gii thiu vi ton x hi cc chng trnh hc, c s vt cht phc v o
to v NCKH ang c, qua thu ht ngy cng nhiu cc i tng v s
lng ngi hc.
Trong nhng nm gn y, Trng H Nha Trang ngy cng quan tm hn
n vic tip cn cc c s sn xut v cc nh s dng lao ng. Quan h
gia Nh trng v cc cc c s sn xut khng ngng c cng c thng
qua cc chuyn ving thm, cc hot ng hp tc trong lnh vc khoa hc
cng ngh. Tuy nhin, cho n nay Nh trng vn ch c rt t cc chng
trnh o to ngn hn c th p ng nhu cu bi dng, cp nht kin thc
ca cc c s sn xut; ng thi s ch ng trong vic xy dng v pht
trin cc mi quan h vi bn ngoi nhiu khoa vn cn nhiu hn ch.
Hot ng qung b nh trng n vi x hi cng l mt ni dung tip cn
vi khch hng m Trng H Nha Trang cn tng cng mnh m. Trong
thi gian qua, chng ta cha u t thch ng cho hot ng ny. Cc khoa,
34

vin, trung tm nhn chung cha c nhiu hot ng ng k t gii thiu

mnh vi x hi. Cng tc qung b tuyn sinh cha c u t ng mc
gp phn thu ht ngi hc.
Thnh lp hi ng trng cng l mt gii php gip Trng H Nha Trang
th ch ha s gn kt gia Nh trng v x hi, to iu kin pht trin mi
quan h vi khch hng. S cn thit ca hi ng trng v cc nguyn
tc thnh lp c khng nh ti iu l trng i hc. Mc d vn cn
tn ti nhng kh khn khch quan v mt c ch qun tr H Vit Nam,
n lc chng ta cn tham kho cc kinh nghim tt trong v ngoi nc
sm thnh lp mt hi ng nh vy trong c cu b my ca Nh trng.
4. Xy dng chin lc pht trin cc ngun lc
Nh ni phn trn, vai tr ca cc ngun lc l khng th thiu vn
hnh Chu trnh pht trin gi tr. Bn cnh cc ngun lc thng c cp
nh nhn lc, ti chnh, Nh trng cn c bit quan tm n ngun lc hp
tc v ngun lc cu trc. Ti Hi tho nng cao nng lc qun l ca Trng
i hc Thu sn nm 2004, tin s Bjorn Eirik Olsen a ra mt tng kt
da trn kinh nghim ca th gii v nghin cu ca bn thn nh sau:
-

Mun pht trin nhanh th cn tp trung vo ngun lc hp tc (trong v

ngoi nc).

Mun pht trin bn vng th cn quan tm pht trin ngun nhn lc.

Mun pht trin vi hiu sut cao th cn nhanh chng hon thin ngun
lc cu trc.

Trong thi gian qua, Trng H Nha Trang khng ngng m rng cc mi
quan h hp tc c trong v ngoi nc, v ang dnh nhiu u tin
trin khai k hoch pht trin ngun nhn lc, ng thi khng ngng hon
thin c cu t chc v h thng cc vn bn qun l. Tuy vy, cng tc pht
trin cc ngun lc cn c Nh trng tip tc hoch nh v mt chin
lc bo m mt s pht trin nhanh v bn vng. i vi ngun lc hp
tc, Nh trng cn quan tm y mnh s nng ng cp n v, tht s
ch trng n vic xy dng mt mng li cu SV. i vi ngun nhn lc,
cn cao tinh thn hp tc v thi tch cc i vi cng vic chung.
5. Tng cng cng tc phn cp i i vi hot ng kim tra, gim st
tip cn tt hn vi khch hng, Nh trng cn c s iu chnh v m
hnh qun l gc phn cp. Hu ht cc trng H Vit Nam hin nay
ang p dng hnh thc qun l kiu hnh thp (pyramid model) l kiu qun

35

l bao gm nhiu cp qun tr, ph hp vi c ch qun l tp trung, bao cp

nh trc y. Hai nhc im chnh ca kiu qun l ny l:
-

Chm thch ng vi s i mi v thng tin v ch truyn t trn xung

hoc t di ln chm v d b thay i.

Hn ch s tip cn v kh nng ra quyt nh ca i ng chuyn gia i

vi khch hng v h phi thng qua nhiu cp pha trn, bi theo m
hnh qun l ny, gn nh ch c cc cp lnh o mi c trc tip lm
vic vi mi trng cng tc bn ngoi nh trng.

tng cng hiu qu ca hnh thc qun l kiu hnh thp, Nh trng c
th p dng s iu chnh theo m hnh qun l hnh thp kiu mi nh
Hnh 2b ni trn. M hnh qun l ny v mt hnh thc cng tng t nh
qun l hnh thp kiu truyn thng, tuy nhin y cc n v nh (b mn,
t cng tc,) c giao quyn t chc, quyt nh cc cng vic ca n v
mnh; c trc tip lm vic vi khch hng da trn mc tiu, nh
hng, v cc qui nh chung ca nh trng hay ca khoa. Chng hn
nhiu trng H ln trn th gii, mt s department (b mn) c mang
tn chnh thc l School (trng) v h c t chc, iu hnh ta nh mt
trng con. Nh vy s khc bit c bn ca m hnh qun l ny so vi kiu
qun l hnh thp truyn thng l cc n v nh c c lp hn nhiu trong
qun l iu hnh, t c th pht trin mnh mi quan h vi bn ngoi
(gi tt l x hi).
Mc d trong thi gian qua cc b mn/khoa c Nh trng phn cp
nhiu hn trong cng tc i ngoi, nhng kt qa trin khai trn thc t vn
cn rt hn ch. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ca hn ch ny c th l b
mn/khoa vn cha c s ch ng cn thit v mt ti chnh.
Thu gn u mi qun l cp Trng cng l mt nh hng cn thit trong
qu trnh pht trin nhm va y mnh s phn cp, va tng cng hiu
nng ca b my qun l. M hnh qun l cp trng ca Trng H
Portsmouth nh trnh by phn trn l mt v d tt. Mt s vin, trung
tm c chc nng o to, nghin cu Trng H Nha Trang c th l n
v thnh vin ca khoa. S gn kt v mt qun l nh vy cho php pht huy
ti a cc ngun lc ca khoa trong cng tc o to v t chc NCKH. Tuy
nhin, c th pht huy c nng lc ca cc vin, trung tm trong iu
kin trc thuc khoa, cn c nhng chnh sch cho php cc vin/trung tm
c c s ch ng cn thit trong cng tc iu hnh.
Bn cnh s phn cp mnh m, Nh trng cn tip tc v m rng cc
hot ng kim tra, gim st ni b. y l mt trong nhng yu cu c bn

36

ca B GD&T trong vic trao quyn t ch ngy mt nhiu hn cho cc

trng H. Cng c t chc v hot ng ca cc n v lm cng tc thanh
tra v m bo cht lng trong Nh trng l gii php then cht p
ng yu cu ny.
6. Ch trng cng tc kim nh cht lng
Kim nh cht lng cp trng v cp chng trnh ang l mt trong
nhng u tin hng u ca B GD&T trong cc ch trng, chnh sch v
pht trin h thng H ca Vit Nam. y cng l mt xu hung tt yu ca
GDH trn ton th gii. Theo ch trng ca B, kt qu kim nh cht
lng s l mt cn c quan trng cc trng c php tng ch tiu
tuyn sinh, tng mc hc ph, v tng mc u t ca Nh nc cho hot
ng NCKH (B GD&T, 2008).
Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca cng tc ny, nm 2005 Trng H Nha
Trang t nguyn tham gia vo chng trnh kim nh th im ca B i
vi 20 trng H u tin trong c nc. Nm 2007 B ban hnh b tiu
chun kim nh cht lng chnh thc i vi cc trng H km theo cc
qui nh trin khai (B GD&T, 2007). Theo chu k kim nh 5 nm ca B,
n nm 2010 Trng H Nha Trang s c kim nh cht lng cp
trng ln hai. khng ngng p ng cc tiu ch kim nh cht lng
trng H theo b tiu ch mi, Nh trng cn c chin lc v k hoch
trin khai ng b trn tt c cc mt hot ng. Bn cnh , cc khoa
chuyn ngnh cn t chc tham kho cc b tiu ch kim nh cp chng
trnh ca cc t chc kim nh khu vc v th gii, chng hn B tiu ch
kim nh cc chng trnh thuc khi k thut v cng ngh ca t chc
ABET (ABET, 2007), n u hot ng kim nh cp chng trnh ca
B GD&T trong mt tng lai khng xa.
7. p dng Chun ISO 9001-2000 trong qun l nh trng
Mc d Chun ISO 9001-2000 c pht trin nhm mc ch ban u l
nng cao hiu qu cng tc qun l cc doanh nghip, cho n nay n
c vn dng vo qun l nh trng. Mc ch ca vic p dng Chun
ISO 9001-2000 trong nh trng l lm cho cc hot ng qun l c qui
trnh ha, th ch ha, v bo m tnh khoa hc, minh bch trong xy dng
v trin khai cc hot ng trong nh trng. Hin nay, Chun ISO 9001-2000
c p dng nhiu trng i hc trn th gii. Trong nuc cng c
mt s trng (Trng H Lt, Trng H Nng Lm Tp HCM, Trng
H Hi Phng, Trng H SPKT TpHCM, ) p dng Chun ISO 9001-2000
cho mt s lnh vc qun l trng im nh qun l o to, qun l khoa hc

37

cng ngh, qun l SV. Kinh nghim chung ca cc trng p dng Chun
ISO 9001-2000 trong qun l l mc d kinh ph u t ban u khng nh,
nhng kinh nghim v kt qu thu c trn mt lnh vc qun l no c
th c nhn rng ra cc lnh vc qun l khc trong nh trng. i vi
Trng H Nha Trang, trc mt c th hc hi nhng u vit ca Chun
ISO 9001-2000 trong cng tc qun l iu hnh Nh trng, chng hn t
chc xy dng h thng cc qui trnh cng tc trn tt c cc hot ng qun
l, iu hnh.

38

Ti liu tham kho

ABET (2007). Criteria for accrediting engineering programs. ABET, Inc. (Website:
www.abet.org)
Alfred, R.& Rosevear, S. (2000). Organizational structure, management, and
leadership for the future. In Managing colleges and universities by A. M.
Hoffman and R. W. Summers (Eds). London: Bergin & Garvey.
B GD&T (2007). Quyt nh s 65/2007/Q-BGDT ngy 01/11/2007 ca B
trng B GD&T v/v Ban hnh Qui nh v tiu chun nh gi cht lng
trng i hc.
B GD&T (2008). Thng bo s 1007/TB-BGDT v Kt lun ca Ph Th tng,
B trng Nguyn Thin Nhn ti Hi ngh ton quc v cht lng gio dc
i hc, ngy 05 thng 01 nm 2008.
L Vn Ho (2004a). Chu trnh pht trin gi tr: l thuyt v ng dng vo qun l
i hc. K yu Hi tho Cc gii php c bn nng cao cht lng gio dc
i hc. Trng H S phm Tp. HCM.
L Vn Ho (2004b). T chc Hi ng trng ti cc trng i hc thuc Bang
British Columbia, Canada. K yu Hi tho Xy dng v pht trin Hi ng
trng cc trng i hc Vit Nam. Vin Nghin cu gio dc Tp HCM.
Olsen, B. E. (2004). The Value Creation Cycle: Introducing a Model for Strategic
Management in Knowledge-based Organizations. Tham lun ti Hi tho
Nng cao nng lc qun l nm 2004. Trng i hc Thy sn.
Phm Quang Sng (2004). Xu hng i mi v cc iu kin m bo cht lng
gio dc i hc hin nay ca chng ta. Tp ch Gio dc, 80 (3).
Phm Thnh Ngh (2000). Qun l cht lng gio dc i hc. NXB H Quc gia
H Ni.
Piper, D.W. (1993). Quality management in universities (Vol.1). Canberra: Australian
Government Publishing Service.

39

THAM LUN 1:

TNG CNG HOT NG HP TC QUC T TI

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
PGS. TS. Nguyn Th Kim Anh
I. T VN
Hp tc quc t l qu trnh tm kim v chia s nhng ngun lc c tnh cht
b sung nhm t c mc tiu ca cc bn tham gia hp tc v qu trnh
ny c thc hin vt ra ngoi bin gii quc gia. Trc kia, nu hp tc
c xem l mt nhn t h tr qu trnh pht trin ca mt quc gia hay
t chc, th ngy nay, trong m hnh cc yu t ngun lc cn thit pht
trin gi tr ca mt t chc, chng ta khng nh rng: hp tc l mt ngun
lc pht trin.
Tht vy, xt t gc nhn ca mt trng i hc, y mnh hot ng hp
tc quc t thc cht l tng cng ngun lc pht trin nh trng, b sung
thm mt ngun lc ti chnh v ngun nhn lc ng k thc hin thnh
cng s mng v chin lc ca nh trng. Hay ni c th hn, hot ng
hp tc quc t gp phn:
 Nng cao trnh i ng cn b gio vin.
 Tng cng c s vt cht cho nh trng.
 Xy dng, trin khai ng dng cc hng hin i trong o to v
nghin cu khoa hc, i mi v ci tin h thng, qui trnh o to,
kt hp nghin cu khoa hc vi o to.
 Tch ly kinh nghim tin tin v qun l gio dc.
 Gp phn nng cao cht lng o to v nghin cu khoa hc.
Hp tc quc t gip trng i hc hot ng hiu qu hn v khai thc
c li ch to ra t h thng chui gi tr kin thc gia tng ton cu, do ,
gip tng cng v tr v uy tn ca nh trng v gip xc nh tm nhn cng
nh nhng bc i mang tnh chin lc pht trin nh trng trong
tng lai.
t c ngha , hot ng hp tc quc t trong nh trng thng
gn vi cc phng thc khai thc kinh nghim quc t, tn dng cc tin b
khoa hc cng ngh, quy trnh v phng php o to v NCKH cng nh
ngun vin tr ca cc t chc quc t v cc nc pht trin nh trng.
C th khng nh rng hp tc quc t v ang tr thnh cu ni gip nh
trng nhanh chng hi nhp vi khu vc v th gii.
40

II. THC TRNG HOT NG HP TC QUC T CA TRNG I

HC NHA TRANG TRONG NHNG NM GN Y
II.1 Mt mnh
 Trong thi gian qua, Nh trng pht trin quan h v hp tc vi
nhiu t chc quc t, t chc phi chnh ph v cc trng/vin, vi tnh cht
v mc hp tc khc nhau, v ni dung hp tc a dng, phong ph nh:
 C cn b, sinh vin i o to nc ngoi.
 Tip nhn ti tr quc t trin khai cc hot ng o to v
NCKH cng nh xy dng c s vt cht cho nh trng.
 C cc on tham quan trao i kinh nghim nc ngoi.
 Tham d cc hi tho, hi ngh quc t.
 Tip n chuyn gia v cc on quc t tham quan trao i kinh
nghim v o to v nghin cu khoa hc.
 Tip nhn gio vin tnh nguyn nc ngoi
Cc hnh thc hp tc trao i ny to ra tc ng cng hng rt ln,
gip i hc Nha Trang tng bc xy dng nn tng vng chc tip tc
pht huy hot ng hp tc quc t trong tng lai. C th ni, y l nhng
n lc rt ln tip tc m rng v a hp tc quc t thc s tr thnh
th mnh ca Trng.
 Bc u c nhng hot ng lm cho th gii hiu thm v hnh
nh, tim nng ca nh trng. Hot ng hp tc quc t khng ch dng li
bc tip nhn v khai thc hiu qu m bt u chuyn sang giai on
ch ng tm kim v thit lp quan h. Thc t chng minh trong sut ba
nm qua, Trng phi hp vi cc Khoa v Phng ban ch ng xy dng
thnh cng cc knh quan h mi da trn nn tng cc mi quan h sn c
vi cc i tc truyn thng chin lc nh NORAD.
II.2. Mt yu
 Mc d hot ng hp tc quc t bc u em li mt s kt
qu thit thc phc v cho s nghip pht trin ca nh trng, nhng nhn
chung, vn tn ti mt s mt yu cn phi khc phc c th pht huy tt
th mnh v tn dng c hi mang li t qu trnh hp tc quc t:
 Hiu qu hot ng hp tc quc t cha cao.
 Quy m cha c m rng cho nhiu khoa, vin, trung tm.
 Cha p ng c nhu cu b sung ngun lc cho nh trng.

41

 Nguyn nhn ca nhng tn ti trn ch yu l:

 Thiu mt chin lc hp tc quc t di hn, ton din v mang
tnh kh thi.
 Thiu cc la chn u tin hp l, cha xc nh cc i tc chin
lc nn vic ch o cn gp kh khn, cha ch ng.
 Cha tranh th ti a s h tr ca cc b, ngnh hu quan cho
cng tc hp tc quc t.
 Hot ng hp tc quc t pht trin cha ng u gia cc Khoa/
Vin/Trung tm trong trng.
 Cng tc o to, bi dng i ng cn b lm cng tc hp tc
quc t c quan tm, nhng cha p ng c nhng i
hi bc bch hin nay ca xu th hi nhp v cnh tranh, thiu kinh
nghim dn n hn ch v nng lc cng tc.
 Thiu vn i ng, ch yu trng ch vo ti tr ca bn lm hn
ch rt nhiu hiu qu hp tc.
 Nhn thc v cng tc hp tc quc t cha y , xem y ch l
trch nhim ca nh trng, ca phng Khoa hc cng ngh - Hp
tc quc t nn hn ch tnh ch ng v hiu qu ca cc hot
ng hp tc quc t.
 i ng cn b gio vin c o to nc ngoi cha ch ng
pht huy vai tr cu ni gia nh trng v cc t chc quc t.
III. C HI V THCH THC
III.1 C hi
 Trong xu th ton cu ha v hi nhp ngy cng su rng trn mi
lnh vc ca i sng kinh t, vn ha v x hi, hi nhp trong lnh vc gio
dc ngy cng pht trin mnh m v dn i vo chiu su. iu ny n t
c hai pha, tuy nhin, th hin r nht nhng thnh qu t c v
nhng chnh sch cc cp a ra nhm mang li khung php l thng
thong to iu kin pht trin hot ng hp tc quc t cp vin trng:
 Nhng thng li trn mt trn ngoi giao ca t nc ta, Vit nam
pht trin mnh m quan h i ngoi, tham gia tch cc vo i sng
quc t.
 Thnh cng ca cng cuc i mi v ng li i ngoi rng m
ca ng v Nh nc khch l s pht trin su rng quan h hp
tc quc t trong gio dc.

42

 B gio dc v o to tng bc th ch ha cc chnh sch, quy

nh mi nhm tng tnh ch ng cho cc nh trng trong hp tc
quc t.
 Cc nc pht trin ngy cng xem Vit Nam l i tc chin lc
trong khu vc Chu v ASEAN hp tc pht trin, v mt trong
nhng u tin hp tc h tr l hng vo ngnh gio dc.
III.2 Thch thc
 Tuy nhng c hi hp tc mang li cho ngnh gio dc ni chung v
trng i hc ni ring l rt ln, song vn tn ti mt s thch thc trong
qu trnh ny m nu khng c nhn nhn tha ng, nhng mt bt cp c
th lm hn ch ng k nhng li ch mang li t qu trnh hp tc:
 Xu th chuyn t vin tr nhn o sang vin tr pht trin i hi c
hai pha i tc u cng phi n lc huy ng tim nng, ngun lc
pht trin. Trn thc t, nh trng cha c ngun vn ring
ln tham gia hot ng hp tc quc t.
 Cc i tc nc ngoi thng mun tip tc u t cho nhng
trng/vin ang thc hin cc d n, khng ho hng u t cho
nhng n v bt u t con s khng hoc im xut pht thp.
 Trong tnh hnh quc t mi, Vit Nam cha kp hon thin mt c ch
hu hiu iu hnh v qun l cng tc quan h hp tc quc t.
Trn c s phn tch im mnh, im yu, c hi v thch thc i vi cng
tc hp tc quc t ca Trng i hc Nha Trang, mt kt lun c th c
rt ra l c hi hp tc quc t ca Trng l khng thiu, kh nng ni ti
ca Trng pht trin cc hot ng ny l kh cao, tuy nhin, vn t
ra y l Nh trng vn cn thiu nhng chnh sch ph hp chuyn
ha sc mnh tim nng thnh hin thc v thiu nhng c ch gn kt
cc thnh vin vo mc tiu v li ch chung ca Trng. Chnh v vy,
nghim tc nhn nhn li chnh mnh v phc tho li quy trnh chin lc cho
hot ng hp tc quc t ca Trng l iu hon ton c ngha trong bi
cnh hin nay.
IV. PHC THO MC TIU V GII PHP Y MNH HOT NG HP
TC QUC T CA TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
IV.1 Mc tiu
 Mc tiu tng qut
Nng cao hiu qu cc hot ng hp tc quc t, gp phn tng cng
ngun lc tng hp trong qu trnh thc hin cc mc tiu chin lc ca mt
43

Trng i hc a ngnh; m rng cc hot ng hp tc lm cho hot ng

o to v nghin cu khoa hc ca Trng i hc Nha Trang tip cn v
ha nhp vi th gii; tng cng v th v uy tn ca nh trng trn trng
quc t.
 Mc tiu c th
Cc hot ng hp tc quc t ca nh trng nhm t c cc mc tiu
c th sau:
 y mnh vic xy dng cc d n nghin cu chung, cc chng
trnh o to chung trn c s ch ng tm kim pht trin quan h
hp tc ca cc Khoa v Vin.
 Ci tin chng trnh, bi ging/gio trnh t trnh tin tin trong
khu vc v th gii; i mi phng php ging dy gn lin vi
nng cao trnh gio vin; to iu kin cho gio vin v sinh vin
ca HNT c nhiu c hi tip cn vi cc nc tin tin trong khu
vc v th gii.
 ng gp tch cc cho vic i mi v hin i ha c s vt cht
thit b phc v cho vic ging dy v nghin cu khoa hc theo nhu
cu x hi.
 Tip tc khai thc v tn dng cc ngun tr gip bng hc bng
c gio vin v sinh vin gii i o to nc ngoi, phn u
thc hin theo t l 2-1, ngha l c 3 ngi c c i o to th 2
trong nc, 1 c o to nc ngoi.
 Khuyn khch cc Khoa/Vin/Trung tm lin kt vi cc i tc nc
ngoi, to iu kin thun li cho vic trao i thng tin, t chc cc
hi ngh, hi tho quc t vi cc i tc nc ngoi ti trng.
Phn u c 2 nm ng cai t nht 1 hi tho quc t.
 Lin doanh xy dng mt c s o to/ mt trung tm quc t c
uy tn ti Trng i hc Nha Trang.
IV.2 Gii php
t c cc mc tiu trn mt cch hiu qu, tng cng ngun lc v
y mnh hot ng hp tc quc t ca nh trng, cn thc hin cc gii
php chnh sau:
 M%t l, ci thin mi trng hp tc quc t thu ht u t v tr
gip ca nc ngoi. Gii php ny i hi phi c s phi hp gia nhiu
cp v nhiu hot ng chc nng, trong , tp trung vo mt s tiu im
chnh nh:
44

 V pha nh nc/B GD&T, tip tc hon thin c ch, chnh

sch nht qun khuyn khch u t v hp tc vi nc ngoi.
 V pha nh trng, tng cng cc hot ng qung b, gii thiu
trng bng mi hnh thc ph hp lm cho th gii hiu thm v
hnh nh, tim nng ca trng.
 i mi phng thc trin khai hot ng khoa hc cng ngh,
khuyn khch cc kt qu nghin cu c ng trn cc Tp ch
khoa hc quc t c uy tn.
 Xy dng nhng chnh sch, quy ch c th cho cng tc i ngoi,
cn b lm i ngoi, khen thng kp thi v xng ng ng
vin, khuyn khch cc c nhn v n v c thnh tch trong hot
ng hp tc quc t.
 Hai l, nng cao nhn thc v quan nim v vai tr v tc dng ca
hot ng hp tc quc t cc cp qun l, cc n v trong ton trng.
R rng, li ch mang li t qu trnh hp tc quc t c tc ng lan ta v
tt c thnh vin ca t chc u th hng thnh qu t qu trnh ny. Tuy
nhin, gi tr chung ny nn c truyn t v chia s mi thnh vin
thc su sc hn v vai tr ca mnh trong tin trnh pht trin chung . Mt
trong nhng gii php c th cn u tin l xc nh r vai tr, nhim v,
quyn hn ca cc n v trong vic phi hp vi nh trng y mnh
hot ng hp tc quc t.
 Ba l, xy dng mt k hoch chin lc hp tc quc t di hn bao
gm cc i tc chin lc, cc chng trnh, ni dung hp tc di hn, trung
hn; cc ti hoc cc hng, hnh thc hp tc. Mt k hoch chin lc
c tm nhn v kh nng nh hng cao s gip trng c th linh hot trong
vic hoch nh v phn b ngun lc trong di hn, pht huy hiu qu hp
tc v n u nhng c hi hp tc mi, cng nh hn ch nhng mu
thun li ch tim n trong vic iu hnh ng thi nhiu chng trnh hp
tc khc nhau.
lm tt cng vic ny, cn c cc nghin cu tnh hnh kinh t, chnh tr
cng nh kh nng, nh u t ca cc nc, cc t chc quc t, t chc
phi chnh ph. Mun vy, nh trng cn ch ng 1 ngun ngn sch nht
nh hng nm cho hot ng ny. Trn c s xc nh ng i tc chin
lc c trnh khoa hc v kinh nghim qun l tin tin, c tim lc v ti
chnh tranh th s gip quc t cho ph hp vi mc ch v kh nng
ca nc ngoi v ca nh trng.

45

 Bn l, nng cao nng lc hot ng hp tc quc t ca nh trng.

y, cn phi nhn nhn rng nng cao nng lc va l mc tiu cng ng
thi l gii php thc y hot ng hp tc quc t hiu qu. im mu
cht ca gii php nm nhn t con ngi. C th l nng cao nng lc i
ng lm cng tc hp tc quc t. Mun vy, cn thnh lp mt t chuyn
trch cng tc hp tc quc t c lp; xy dng mt k hoch tuyn dng,
o to, bi dng i ng cn b, chuyn vin lm cng tc hp tc quc t
cp trng v cp khoa v chuyn mn, nghip v v c bit ngoi ng
p ng nhu cu hp tc quc t hin nay v tng lai.
Tm li, m rng hot ng hp tc v o to, nghin cu khoa hc l
tng cng ngun lc pht trin nh trng, l cu ni gip Trng i hc
Nha Trang tip cn v ha nhp vi th gii. Tuy nhin, mi n lc nhm y
mnh hp tc quc t s khng mang li kt qu thit thc nu nh bn thn
hot ng ny ch dng li mc trao i v tm hiu. Mt i ng cc nh
nghin cu c nng lc c hnh thnh, mt tp th cc ging vin v
chuyn vin lm vic da trn vn tri thc c trang b tt v phng php
lm vic khoa hc, v trn ht l nhng th h sinh vin v hc vin t chun
cht lng m x hi k vng, tt c cc iu trn chnh l nhng tiu ch r
rng nht nh gi s thnh cng ca cc qu trnh hp tc quc t.
t c nhng tiu ch , thng thng, nhng chng trnh hp tc c th
v c nh hng chc chn s l gii php c a thch hn so vi cch
tip cn hp tc c tnh dn tri v thiu trng im.

46

THAM LUN 2:

V XY DNG V TRIN KHAI CC QUYT NH QUN TR

TRONG NH TRNG
TS. L Vn Ho
I. KHI NIM V S CN THIT CA QUYT NH QUN TR
1- Khi nim
N.T.Hi v P.Thng (2001) a ra nh ngha nh sau:
Quyt nh qun tr l hnh vi sng to ca nh qun tr nhm nh ra chng
trnh v tnh cht hot ng ca t chc gii quyt mt vn chn
mui, trn c s s hiu bit cc qui lut vn ng khch quan ca h thng
b qun tr v vic phn tch cc thng tin v hin tng ca h thng .
Trong thc tin, cc QQT di dng vn bn thng c gi tt l quyt
nh, thng bo, hay ch th.
2- S cn thit ca QQT
i vi mt t chc, vai tr ca cc QQT l rt quan trng bi cc l do sau
y:
-

Cc QQT lun lun l trung tm ca cc hot ng qun tr. Hay ni

cch khc mi hot ng qun tr u phi da trn cc QQT c
ban hnh.

S thnh bi ca t chc ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng ca cc

QQT. Mt QQT ti c th dn n s tiu vong ca t chc.

H thng cc QQT gp phn to nn vn ho ca t chc, l yu t

c tnh ngun lc i vi s tn ti v pht trin bn vng ca t chc
.

II. CC YU CU I VI QUYT NH QUN TR

1- Yu cu v tnh hp php: Q c a ra trong phm vi thm quyn ca
t chc hoc c nhn.
2- Yu cu v tnh khoa hc: Q ph hp vi mc tiu v iu kin c th
ca t chc, vi xu th khch quan v cc nguyn l khoa hc. Q phi
c la chn theo mt phng n gii quyt vn c tnh ti u.
3- Yu cu v tnh h thng: Q mi khng uc mu thun vi cc Q
c nu khng khng nh s ph nh i vi cc Q c.
4- Yu cu v tnh linh hot: Phng n m Q a ra c th tn ti trong
iu kin mi trng c s bin ng khng qu ln.
5- Yu cu v tnh c th: Q cn c c th trn tt c cc kha cnh: gii
hn v khng gian v thi gian, i tng v phm vi iu chnh, cch thc
tin hnh,
47

III. CC NGUYN TC RA QUYT NH QUN TR

1- Nguyn tc h thng: Cn xem t chc l mt h thng kinh t-x hi, chu
s rng buc vi cc t chc khc v t chc cp trn.
2- Nguyn tc kh thi: Cn cn nhc ton din trc khi ra Q: thun li, ri
ro, tnh hiu qu ca cc gii php c la chn.
3- Nguyn tc khoa hc: Phng n c chn phi l sn phm ca mt
trnh t xem xt khoa hc, cn c trn cc thng tin chnh xc v y .
4- Nguyn tc dn ch: Cn li cun nhiu ngi tham gia vo qu trnh ra
Q. i vi nhng vn quan trng, c th cn phi ly kin ca c t
chc hoc cc chuyn gia bn ngoi.
5- Nguyn tc kt hp: Q cn hng n gii quyt ng b cc li ch
trc mt ln lu di, ton cc ln cc b.
IV. QU TRNH XY DNG QUYT NH QUN TR
XC
NH
VN

XC NH
TIU CH
NH GI
PHNG N

D KIN
CC
PHNG
N

NH GI,
LA CHN
PHNG
N

RA
QUYT
NH

1- Xc nh vn :
Xut pht t cc hot ng thc tin hay hin tng v ang din ra trong
t chc, cn ch ra c u l vn cn n QQT gii quyt.
V d 1: Qua quan st v tm hiu hin tng nhiu SV n lp tr, rt ra
vn nhiu SV c thi quen i hc mun
Tr ngi ln nht bc ny l cc b phn tham mu ch thy hin tng
m khng nhn ra vn , v v vy khng th tin hnh cc bc tip theo
hoc xy dng phng n gii quyt s vic khng trng.
2- Xc nh tiu ch nh gi phng n:
gip cho vic la chn c phng n tt nht gii quyt vn
giai on sau, cn phi xc nh trc cc tiu ch nh gi. Cc tiu ch ny
phn nh mc tiu m t chc mong mun v vic gii quyt vn .
V d 2: Cc tiu ch i vi phng n gii quyt vn nhiu SV c thi
quen i hc mun l:
-

Bo m yu t vn minh ca mi trng s phm

Tin hnh thun tin

C th duy tr lu di

3- D kin cc phng n:

48

 gii quyt mt vn , c th c nhiu phng n vi cc mc hiu

qu khc nhau. Cn d kin mt vi phng n t c th chn c
phng n ti u.
V d 3: Mt s phng n c th c gii quyt vn nhiu SV c thi
quen i hc mun l:
-

Ban cn s lp v BCH chi on tng cng im danh u bui (

nhn xt kt qu rn luyn ca SV)

i Thanh nin xung kch Trng khng cho SV i hc mun vo lp

Kho cc cng ging ng sau khi c chung vo lp

Yu cu GV khng cho SV i hc mun vo lp

4- nh gi, la chn phng n:

y l bc then cht nht ca vic ra QQT, bi mt phng n km
hiu qu c chn s dn n s tht bi ca QQT . Trc khi la chn
ra mt hoc t hp mt vi phng n, cn thit phi:
-

i chiu cc phng n vi cc tiu ch nh gi c ra

bc 2

Xem xt k lng cc yu t nh hng n QQT c a ra

Hnh dung trc cc tc ng c th c t QQT

V d 4: Kt qu i chiu cc phng n V d 3 vi cc tiu ch nh gi

V d 2:
Bo m
yu t vn
minh

Tin hnh
thun tin

C th
duy tr
lu di

i TNXK Trng khng cho SV

i hc mun vo lp

Kho cc cng ging ng sau

khi c chung vo lp

Phng n / Tiu ch
Ban cn s lp v BCH chi on
tng cng im danh u bui

Yu cu GV khng cho SV i hc
mun vo lp

5- Ra quyt nh:
QQT c xy dng da trn phng n ti u hoc t hp mt s phng
n c ngh.
V d 5: gii quyt vn nhiu SV c thi quen i hc mun nh trn,
b phn chc nng c th tham mu lnh o trng ra thng bo vi ni
dung yu cu GV khng cho SV i hc mun vo lp, ng thi ngh on
trng ch o cc BCH chi on cc lp tng cng im danh v xt im
rn luyn i vi hnh vi i hc mun.
49

V. QU TRNH THC HIN QUYT NH QUN TR

RA
QUYT
NH

LP K
HOCH
THC HIN
Q

TUYN
TRUYN
V GII
THCH
Q

THC
HIN
Q

KIM TRA
VIC
THC
HIN Q

IU
CHNH
Q
(nu
cn)

S KT/
TNG
KT
VIC
THC
HIN Q

1- Lp k hoch thc hin quyt nh:

K hoch thc hin QQT c th c lng ghp trong vn bn Q hoc
c xy dng sau . Trong k hoch cn nu r: gii hn thc hin v
khng gian v thi gian , phn cng trch nhim i vi c nhn v n v,
phng tin v kinh ph thc hin.
2- Tuyn truyn v gii thch quyt nh:
Cn gii thch cho nhng ngi chu s chi phi ca QQT hiu r ngha,
tc dng ca Q i vi t chc; v trch nhim, quyn hn, ngha v ca h
trong phm vi ca Q l g. QQT cng thnh cng mt khi i tng chu s
chi phi ca n cng hnh ng theo tinh thn ca Q mt cch t gic v
tch cc.
3- Thc hin quyt nh:
Trin khai Q theo k hoch c xy dng, huy ng cc ngun lc cn
thit gip vic thc hin t hiu qu cao nht.
4- Kim tra vic thc hin quyt nh:
y l mt khu rt ct li ca qu trnh thc hin QQT bi cc l do: gip
nng cao tnh trch nhim ca cc i tng chu s chi phi ca Q, kp thi
iu chnh nhng lch lc so vi k hoch, kp thi b sung cc ngun lc cn
thit.
5- iu chnh quyt nh:
Trong qu trnh thc hin mt QQT, c khi phi iu chnh li Q bi cc
l do sau:
-

Tc ng khch quan lm thay i mi trng hot ng

Xut hin nhng kh nng mi gip mang li hiu qu cng vic cao
hn

Pht hin ra sai lm nghim trng trong bn thn Q

6- S kt hoc tng kt vic thc hin quyt nh:

y l mt khu rt quan trng nhng li t c ch trong qu trnh thc
hin cc QQT. Thi hiu ca mt QQT c th di hoc ngn. Nu di th
nh k s kt, nu ngn th tin hnh tng kt sau khi kt thc. Thng qua s
kt hoc tng kt, c th rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim, xc nh nhng g
lm c v cha lm c, tm ra nguyn nhn ca thnh cng ln tht
bi.
50

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Thanh Hi & Phan Thng (2001). Qun tr hc. NXB Thng k.
[2] on Th Thu H & Nguyn Th Ngc Huyn (ch bin, 2002). Gio trnh
qun tr hc. NXB Ti chnh, H Ni.
[3] Queensland Ombudsman (2003). An easy guide to good administrative
decision-making
(From:
www.ombudsman.qld.gov.au/publications/
documents).
[4] North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Shared decision-making
process. (From: www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/ issues/envrnmnt/).

51