The affirmative is nothing more than a temporary interest convergence between th

e majority and the oppressed their project is a concession to dominant forms of op

pression that will be co-opted for elites and taken away later
Harpalani 4 Vinay, inaugural Korematsu Teaching Fellow at the Fred T. Korematsu
Center for Law and Equality, Seattle University School of Law, Expert on Critica
l Race Theory and Education law, J.D. from NYU School of Law, where he was an Ar
thur Garfield Hays Fellow (Palmer Weber Fellowship in Civil Rights) Simple Justic
e or Complex Injustice?: American Racial Dynamics and the Ironies of Brown and G
utter www.urbanedjournal.org/notes0014.html
One of the central tenets of Critical Race Theory is interest...military's abili
ty to fulfill its principle mission to provide national security" (quoted from Gr
utter v. Bollinger, 2003).
First, the ballot acts as a compromise between the 1AC and the structures of dom
ination in society and the debate community
This ensures their project will either be integrated into the system or suppress
ed turns the case
Delgado 2 Richard, Professor of Law @ UC Boulder, JD from UC Berkeley, Explaining
the Rise and Fall of African American Fortunes: Interest convergence and Civil
Rights Gains , Review of Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Imag
e of American Democracy, Harvard Civil Rights Civil Liberties Law Review, Volume 3
7 p. 369-387, p. lexis
Dudziak impressively demonstrates that Brown v. Board of Education ... surged a
second time, but the radical thrust of the Civil Rights movement was largely los
t.
Second, the ballot is also a moment of interest convergence between the Affirmat
ive and the judge this alliance with alterity preserves the ideology of the system
it seeks to overturn the guilt of the 1ac masks the privilege that prevents the a
ff project from directly changing the lives of the people
Chow 93 Rey, Writing Disapora: Tactic of Intervention in Contemporary Culutral S
tudies, p 16-17, http://mediadiary.livejournal.com/93509.html
Why are "tactics" useful at this moment? As discussions about "multiculturalism"
, ... turning into a solidly fenced-off field, in the military no less than in t
he academic sense?
Resolved to murder, The United colonialist States should continue its legacy of
exploitation and destruction in Cuba, the place we tried to invade, Venezuela,
that place with the coup we didn t quite sponsor, or Mexico, at least what s left of
it after we stole half of its land.
Welcome to the new age of imperialism21 This year s resolution asks us to affirm U
nited States "economic engagement" with "Latin" America
but ignores the colonial
wound underlying the entire topic. The discourse of development is part of the
neoliberal consensus that sidelines the living experience of communities all ov
er Latin America.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su
ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t
hinking, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" 96-98, 2005)Miro
The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
AND
generate radical political projects, new types of knowledge, and social movement
s.
This resolution is only a continuation of "traditional debate protocols" which a

im to train unethical policy makers with a "view from nowhere". Contesting colon
ialism in the debate space lets us stop neocolonial practices in their training
ground.
Spanos in 4 (William V., available online cross-x.com url: http://www.crossx.com
/vb/showthread.php?t=94511026highlight=Spanos+Email Nov. 18)
Dear Joe Miller, Yes, the statement about the American debate circuit you refer
AND
the blind arrogance of Bush Administration and his neocon policy makers is leadi
ng.
Absent a shift, the ongoing pursuit of modernity s "dream of happiness" will lead
to endless genocide.
Mignolo 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" 49, 2005)Miro
Taking this step moves us away from the Bible s sacred and Hegel s secular narrative
s and
AND
history is a linear process, with neo-liberalism now the goal.
Debate s "traditional practices" like the topic, framework, and the very idea of "
Latin" America are founded on the genocide of Indigenous peoples. Only an analys
is of coloniality can point to the absences in the traditional narrative of mode
rnity the idea of Latin America cannot be dealt with in isolation.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su
ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t
hinking, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" xii, 2005)Miro
To excavate coloniality, then, one must always include and analyze the project o
f
AND
how the West was born and how the modern world order was founded.
The continuation of the neoliberal "consensus" is the driving force of all scena
rios for human extinction. Only changing human capital relations to qualitativel
y value the costs of production can reverse trends that will inevitably cross th
e planet s biophysical thresholds - scientific consensus is on our side
The credentials on this card are insane.
ASU News in 9 ("International scientists set boundaries for survival")
Human activities have already pushed the earth system AND Jonathan Foley and Nob
el laureate Paul Crutzen. Other authors are listed on the paper at http://www.na
ture.com.
Only a decolonization of the curriculum can break down debate s western hegemonic
epistemology that has helped promote the colonialist world system.
Breidlid 13 (Anders, Professor, Master programme in Multicultural and Internatio
nal Education, Oslo University College, "Education, Indigenous Knowledge, and De
velopment in the Global South", p. 57)OG
What is almost completely under-communicated in the South is how the hegemonic
AND
and implies a decolonizing of the curricula and the educational discourses global
ly.
This anti-colonial framework allows us to decolonize the academy and use it as a
jumping-off point for attacks against broader colonialism.
Wane in 9 (Njoki Nathani Wane is the Special Adviser on Status of Women at Unive

rsity of Toronto as Co-Director of Centre for Integrative Anti-Racist Research S

tudies. Anne Wagner (featured left) is a professor of Modern and Contemporary Ar
t at UC-Berkeley. Riyad Shahjahan is an educational administrator at Michigan St
ate University. "Rekindling the Sacred: Toward a Decolonizing Pedagogy in Higher
Education" Journal of Thought, Spring-Summer 2009
We use a critical anti-colonial discursive framework (Dei 26 As-ghazadesh
AND
Citizens" presented at an International Transformative Learning Conference, May 2
003.
Thus, Rachel and I delink from the resolution and traditional debate practices i
n favor of a decolonial analysis of Latin America, the topic, and debate as a wh
ole.
Delinking is a pre-cursor to an epistemic decolonial shift that allows alternati
ve forms of knowledge to be introduced.
Mignolo 8 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, "DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OF CO
LONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY." 7-8, 2008)Miro
The argument that follows is, in a nutshell, contained in this paragraph.
AND
to this point in section IV ("The grammar of de-coloniality").
Vote Affirmative because our performance accesses the root of the modernity of e
conomic engagement with "Latin America" by beginning our analysis with the massa
cre of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Starting with the foundation of m
odernity and the concept of "Latin" America is a prerequisite to an "ethical mod
ernity."
Wilderson 10 (Frank B. Wilderson III, Red, White, 26 Black: Cinema and the Struc
ture of U.S. Antagonisms)Miro
What are we to make of a world that responds to the most lucid enunciation
AND
the level of antagonisms: class struggle, gender conflict, immigrants rights.
Forcing us to debate as th
Conceptualizing outside of a Western framework is key
e colonizer renders it impossible to challenge colonial and state hegemony.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as "~riding~ the
faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledge". "Red Pedagogy", 20
04)Miro
Though indigenous involvement within formal political frameworks is essential, i
t is equally important to
AND
to both Eurocentric and tribal-centric discourses that inadequately theorize ind
igenous identity.
We recognize our place of privilege and take advantage of it in order to join in
the struggles carried out against colonialism. The judge is not a pretend polic
y maker, but an ethical intellectual.
Mignolo in 9 (Walter, Professor of Humanities at Duke University, "Dispensable a
nd Bare Lives Coloniality and the Hidden Political/Economic Agenda of Modernity"
in Human Architecture: The Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge 7.2)
Thus, it is as a South American from European descent cum Hispanic Latino in
AND
by who, and how was such cosmology put in place and why did
Only through affirming and validating our advocacy as a community can our speech
act become true "knowledge", absent this debate will continue to churn out neoc
olonial policymakers.

Maduro 11, Otto, Latino philosopher and sociologist of religion at Drew Universi
ty "Decolonizing Epistemologies" Chapter "An(Other) Invitation to Epistemologica
l Humility" Fordham University Press, November 2011
Whatever we understand by knowledge, we always and only know in community, in
AND
or dismiss) as producers or carriers of legitimate knowledge, as authorities.
Don t be a victim of Miserablism, accepting our inability to create change. We und
erstand that we don t have our hands on the levers of power; however, we do have i
mmediate relationships to the ways that we relate to politics. Thus, your ballot
isn t useless; Voting affirmative has the ability to engage in creating an immane
nt place in politics, temporary autonomous zones where we can reclaim our agency
round by round.
Kaw Valley Surrealist Brigade in 12 (Demand the Impossible21, January 21, 2012,
http://kawvalleysurrealistbrigade.wordpress.com/, axheyd)
Miserablism has taken over. But why? Because we have let it. By
AND
structure. It won t be easy, but it sure will be fun.
By bringing to the foreground ideas that have been erased from the "narrative of
modernity", we bring to the table a depth and breadth of education that cannot
be attained by traditional policy practices.
Delgado 2
Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for E
ducation Research Daniel G. Solrzano University of California, Los Angeles Tara J
. Yosso University of California, Santa Barbarahttp://www.josealamillo.com/criti
calracemethod.pdf
We define the counter-story as a method of telling the stories of those
AND
in social situations that are also grounded in real life, not fiction.
Status quo debate has concerned itself with the reification of monocultural norm
s. Decolonizing debate and allowing for the introduction of alternative epistemo
logies is key to prevent its death.
Valdivia-Sutherland 98 Professor and Director of Forensics @ Butte Community Col
lege 1998
Cynthia-Celebrating Differences: Successfully Diversifying Forensics Programs;
National Communication Association s 84th Annual Meeting, November 22; http://www.
phirhopi.org/phi-rho-pi/spts/spkrpts05.2/sutherland.htm, A Multicultural Communi
cative Style
Although the foundation of forensics events may have been grounded in the ancien
t rhetoric of
AND
, and for us. Now, let the celebration of differences begin21
Decolonization must always be a first priority before any other liberatory proje
ct.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as "~riding~ the
faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledge". Grande s work as fram
ing a social reconstruction ideology. Red Pedagogy, 2004)
To be clear, indigenous and critical scholars do share a common ground, namely
AND
critical analysis of the intersecting systems of domination and the tools to nav
igate them
The colonial subject cannot be deconstructed it acts as a prior to poststructura
lism.
Byrd 11 (Jodi, Associate Professor of English and American Indian Studies @ Univ
ersity of Illinois, "The Transit of Empire", p. xxxv)Miro
To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart of

AND
United States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livabili
ty
11/24/13
1AC - Georgetown
Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lakeland BT | Judge: Willie Johnso
n
YA BASTA21
This is who we are.
The Zapatista National Liberation Army.
The voice that arms itself to be heard.
The face that hides itself to be seen.
The name that hides itself to be named.
The red star who calls out to humanity and the world
To be heard, to be seen, to be named.
The tomorrow to be harvested in the past.
Behind
Behind
Behind
Behind
Behind

our
our
our
us,
us,

black mask,
armed voice,
unnameable name,
who you see,
we are you.

Behind we are the simple and ordinary men and women,

Who are repeated in all races,
Painted in all colors,
Speak in all languages
And live in all places.
The same forgotten men and women.
The same excluded,
The same untolerated,
The same persecuted,
We are you.
-Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos
(Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos, insurgent leader for the EZLN, in charge of al
l public statements, Our World is Our Weapon, pg. 103-104, Seven Stories Press:
New York)
Ya Basta21 Enough is enough21 This year s resolution asks us to affirm United State
s and#34;economic engagementand#34; with and#34;Latinand#34; America but ignores
the colonial wound underlying the entire topic. The discourse of development i
s part of the neoliberal consensus that sidelines the living experience of commu
nities all over Latin America.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su
ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t
hinking, and pluriversality, and#34;The Idea of Latin Americaand#34; 96-98, 2005
) Miro
The global idea of and#34;Latinand#34; America being deployed by imperial states
today (
AND
generate radical political projects, new types of knowledge, and social movement
s.
The ongoing pursuit of modernity s and#34;dream of happinessand#34; will lead to e

ndless genocide.
Mignolo 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, and#34;The Idea of Latin Americaand#34; 49, 2005) Miro
Taking this step moves us away from the Bible s sacred and Hegel s secular narrative
s and
AND
history is a linear process, with neo-liberalism now the goal.
This neoliberal and#34;consensusand#34; is the driving force of all scenarios fo
r human extinction.
Deutsch 9 (Judith, president, Science for Peace. Member of Canadian psychoanalyt
ic society, and#34;Pestilence, Famine, War, Neoliberalism, and Premature Deaths,
and#34; Peace Magazine, http://peacemagazine.org/archive/v25n3p18.htm-http://pea
cemagazine.org/archive/v25n3p18.htm)
At present, threats to human existence come from at least four directions: clima
te
AND
possession, continuing weapons development, and thinly disguised reliance on thr
eatened use.and#34;
Hegemonic and Western epistemic forms of thought like the topic, and#34;Latinand
#34; America, framework, and status quo debate as a whole are founded on the gen
ocide of the Indian Our analysis of coloniality points to the absences in the tr
aditional narrative of modernity.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su
ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t
hinking, and pluriversality, and#34;The Idea of Latin Americaand#34; xii, 2005)
Miro
To excavate coloniality, then, one must always include and analyze the project o
f
AND
how the West was born and how the modern world order was founded.
Specifically, the cry of and#34;Ya Basta21and#34; has been taken up by the Zapati
stas a Latin American Indigenous group fighting against the encroachment of mode
rnity. The Zapatistas welcome people to join in solidarity with their cry for di
gnity.
Maccani in 8 (RJ Maccani, senior reporter in NYC, working both for news organiza
tions and resistance groups, from the newsletter, and#34;Solidarity: What does i
t mean now? May/June 2008,and#34; and#34;Be a Zapatista Wherever You Are,and#34;
http://www.resistinc.org/newsletters/articles/be-zapatista-wherever-you-are-htt
p://www.resistinc.org/newsletters/articles/be-zapatista-wherever-you-are, Luke N
ewell)
Behind our black mask, behind our armed voice, behind our unnamable name,
AND
powerfully and clearly in their and#34;Everything for everyone, nothing for ours
elves.and#34;
This cry for dignity is needed to defeat modernity and save humanity.
Bellinghausen 12 (Hermann, collaborator on the Mexican weekly magazines En Solid
aridad and Mundo Mdico and as an editor for Ojarasca. He is an editorialist and a
correspondent who covers the state of Chiapas, The EZLN, Origen of the Current
Social Unrest All Over the Globe, January 7, http://compamanuel.wordpress.com/20
12/01/07/seminar-on-anti-systemic-movements-re-ezln-influence/-http://compamanue

l.wordpress.com/2012/01/07/seminar-on-anti-systemic-movements-re-ezln-influence/
)
The slogan that the Zapatista Movement used for liberty, justice and democracy a
nd#34;walks
AND
a new organizing logic that had a fundamental influence all over the world.and#3
4;
Affirmation of the dignity of the Indigenous people at the core of modernity is
an ethical obligation. It is the only method to challenge hegemonic power.
Fender 11 (Meredith Fender, Spring 2011, and#34;How Subcomandante Marcos Employe
d Strategic Communication to Promote the Zapatista Revolutionand#34; http://www.
american.edu/sis/jis/upload/8Fender.pdf-http://www.american.edu/sis/jis/upload/8
Fender.pdf) Malhar
Significantly, Marcos discourse emphasized the importance of and#34;dignityand#34
; a concept
AND
them as worthy of being seen and heard
worthy of existing.
Thus our advocacy: Rachel and I join in solidarity with the Zapatistan cry for d
ignity and method for liberation as a means of analyzing the colonialism at the
root of the topic.
As students, we are UNIQUELY KEY to engage in an investigation of Zapatistan ind
igenous epistemology and the colonialism at the core of the topic.
Krovel 10 (R. Krovel, 2010, and#34;Global Discourse A development Journal of Res
earch in Politics and International Relationsand#34; http://globaldiscourse.file
s.wordpress.com/2011/01/krovel.pdf-http://globaldiscourse.files.wordpress.com/20
11/01/krovel.pdf) Malhar
There is at least one more reason why the case of the Zapatista global solidarit
y
AND
a critical analysis of why the movement was ridden by splits and conflicts.
Specifically, the policy making setting is a key space into which alternative ep
istemologies must be introduced.
Gelsomino 10 (Mark Gelsomino, Mark is a recent graduate of the Masters of Inform
ation Studies program at the University of Toronto. In addition to his studies
he sat on the executive of the Canadian Library Association U of T Student Chapt
er and served as co-chair for the U of T Librarians Without Borders chapter. Pri
or to coming to Toronto, Mark worked as a Systems Specialist for the Ottawa Publ
ic Library. He completed his Anthropology undergrad at Carleton University where
he focused on criminology, forensic psychology and Indigenous issues, and#34;Th
e Zapatista Effect: Information Communication Technology Activism and Marginaliz
ed Communitiesand#34; http://fiq.ischool.utoronto.ca/index.php/fiq/article/view/
15404-http://fiq.ischool.utoronto.ca/index.php/fiq/article/view/15404) Malhar
EZLN ideology is based on a unique hybrid of Socialist Marxism and traditional M
ayan beliefs
AND
have Chiapan municipalities recognized by the Mexican government as sovereign an
d autonomous states.
Vote Affirmative because our performance accesses the root of the modernity of e
conomic engagement with and#34;Latin Americaand#34; by beginning our analysis wi
th the massacre of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Starting with the fou
ndation of modernity and the concept of and#34;Latinand#34; America is a prerequ
isite to an and#34;ethical modernity.and#34;
Wilderson 10 (Frank B. Wilderson III, Red, White, 26 Black: Cinema and the Struc
ture of U.S. Antagonisms) Miro
What are we to make of a world that responds to the most lucid enunciation
AND

the level of antagonisms: class struggle, gender conflict, immigrants rights.

By bringing alternate epistemologies to the foreground, we delink from tradition
al Western forms of knowledge and allow for a shift.
Mignolo 8 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, and#34;DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC
OF COLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY.and#34; 7-8, 2008) Miro
The argument that follows is, in a nutshell, contained in this paragraph.
AND
to this point in section IV (and#34;The grammar of de-colonialityand#34emoticon_
wink.
Conceptualizing outside of a Western framework is key
absent that it is impossib
le to challenge colonial and state hegemony.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as and#34;~riding
~ the faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledgeand#34;. and#34
;Red Pedagogyand#34;, 2004) Miro
Though indigenous involvement within formal political frameworks is essential, i
t is equally important to
AND
to both Eurocentric and tribal-centric discourses that inadequately theorize ind
igenous identity.
We as debaters create a new front for Zapatismo only multi-dimensional revolutio
ns creates topological politics that incorporate as many perspectives as possibl
e
Nail 10 (Thomas Nail, professor of philosophy at the University of Denver, PhD,
University of Oregon, MA, University of Oregon, BA, University of North Texas, a
nd#34;Constructivism and the Future Anterior of Radical Politics,and#34; http://
theanarchistlibrary.org/library/thomas-nail-constructivism-and-the-future-anteri
or-of-radical-politics-http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/thomas-nail-constr
uctivism-and-the-future-anterior-of-radical-politics**, Luke Newell)
For Deleuze and Guattari, unlike Day, the thesis that there is no central
AND
relationship between the political-military structure and the autonomous governm
ents.~4~
Zapatista politics are successful the development of bottom-up politics allows a
ll people in Mexico equal access to justice
Tilly and Kennedy 6 (Chris Tilly and Marie Kennedy, Chris Tilly is Professor of
Regional Economic and Social Development at the University of Massachusetts Lowe
ll. Marie Kennedy is Professor Emerita of Community Planning at the College of P
ublic and Community Service, University of Massachusetts Boston and on the Advis
ory Committee of Planners Network and editorial board of Progressive Planning. B
oth have worked in Latin America solidarity movements for many years. They visit
ed Chiapas in January 2006, written in spring 2006, and#34;From here to autonomy
: Mexico s Zapatistas combine local administration and national politics,and#34; h
ttp://www.uml.edu/centers/CIC/Research/Tilly_Research/Mexico/Kennedy-Tilly-Zap20
autonomy-ProgPlan-02.26.06.pdf-http://www.uml.edu/centers/CIC/Research/Tilly_Res
earch/Mexico/Kennedy-Tilly-Zap autonomy-ProgPlan-02.26.06.pdf, Luke Newell)
Instead, the key seems to be, in the words of the Maya communities
AND
and#34; city hall more appealing than the polished surfaces of the official one.
Our speech act matters - the way in which we rhetorically construct the places w
e advocate for shapes what they become. The role of the ballot is to vote for th
e team that best creates praxis for actual change to better the world.

Green and Hicks 5 (Ronald Walter Green and Darrin Hicks 5, Cultural Studies, Vol.
19, No. 1, pp. 100-126, and#34;Lost Convictions: Debating both sides and the et
hical self-fashioning of liberal citizensand#34;, January 2005))
Murphy s case against the ethics of debating both sides rested on what he thought
to
AND
, asked Murphy, would we exempt students from the same ethical obligation?
By telling the stories of those whose experiences have been erased from the narr
ative of modernity, we bring to the table a depth and breadth of education that
cannot be attained by traditional policy practices.
Delgado 2
Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for E
ducation Research Daniel G. Solrzano University of California, Los Angeles Tara J
. Yosso University of California, Santa Barbarahttp://www.josealamillo.com/criti
calracemethod.pdf
We define the counter-story as a method of telling the stories of those
AND
in social situations that are also grounded in real life, not fiction.
Decolonization must always be a first priority before any other liberatory proje
ct.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as and#34;~riding
~ the faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledgeand#34;. Grande s
work as framing a social reconstruction ideology. Red Pedagogy, 2004)
To be clear, indigenous and critical scholars do share a common ground, namely
AND
critical analysis of the intersecting systems of domination and the tools to nav
igate them
9/30/13
1AC - Scranton
Tournament: Scranton | Round: Octas | Opponent: Acorn Community AJ | Judge: 3 of
them
Resolved to murder, The United colonialist States should continue its legacy of
exploitation and destruction in "Cuba," the place we tried to invade, "Venezuela
," that place with the coup we didn t quite sponsor, or "Mexico," at least what s le
ft of it after we stole a third of its land.
Hugh O Shaughnessy sets the stage with a narrative about the US sponsored coup in
Chile:
(Hugh O Shaughnessy, Hugh O Shaughnessy is a prize-winning journalist who has writt
en on Latin America for over 40 years, "Chilean coup: 40 years ago I watched Pin
ochet crush a democratic dream", http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/07/ch
ile-coup-pinochet-allende, November 7 2013)Miro (Aye-Yen-day)
Seven years before, at a dinner party in 1966 during a prolonged stay in
AND
no danger. After all, he had been Nixon s man all along.
Welcome to the new age of imperialism21 This narrative is just one in many examp
les of United States colonialist imperialism in "Lati"n America. The resolution
asks us to affirm United States "economic engagement" with "Latin" America, but
effaces the violence that has littered the path to engagement
it s exactly this di
scourse of development that has paved over the living experiences of communities
all over "Latin" America. Creating an epistemology that incorporates the view o
f the damns is the only way for progress.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su

ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t

hinking, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" 96-98, 2005)Miro
The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
AND
generate radical political projects, new types of knowledge, and social movement
s.
This resolution is only a continuation of "traditional debate protocols" which a
im to train unethical policy makers with a "view from nowhere". Contesting colon
ialism in the debate space lets us stop neocolonial practices in their training
ground.
Spanos in 4 (William V., available online cross-x.com url: http://www.crossx.com
/vb/showthread.php?t=94511026highlight=Spanos+Email Nov. 18)
Dear Joe Miller, Yes, the statement about the American debate circuit you refer
AND
the blind arrogance of Bush Administration and his neocon policy makers is leadi
ng.
Debate s practices, such as the very idea of "Latin" America are founded on genoci
de and slavery. Only an analysis of coloniality can point to the absences in the
traditional narrative of modernity
the idea of "Latin" America cannot be dealt
with in isolation.
Mignolo in 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Uni
versity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and wor
ked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts su
ch as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border t
hinking, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" xii, 2005)Miro
To excavate coloniality, then, one must always include and analyze the project o
f
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the imperial leadership previously enjoyed at different times by both Spain and
England.
The ongoing pursuit of modernity s "dream of happiness" will lead to endless genoc
ide Experts trained by status quo debate become soldiers in the war against nonWestern knowledge.
Mignolo 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, "The Idea of Latin America" 49, 2005) Miro
Taking this step moves us away from the Bible s sacred and Hegel s secular narrative
s and
AND
economic principles means that more and more people in the planet become disposa
ble.
The continuation of the neoliberal "consensus" is the driving force of all scena
rios for human extinction. Only changing human capital relations to qualitativel
y value the costs of production can reverse trends that will inevitably cross th
e planet s biophysical thresholds, this affects all forms of life - scientific cons
ensus is on our side
The credentials on this card are insane.
ASU News in 9 ("International scientists set boundaries for survival". September
23,
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to the 2010 Journal Citation Reports Science Edition (Thomson Reuters, 2011)),
Human activities have already pushed the earth system beyond three of the planet s
biophysical thresholds, with consequences that are detrimental or even catastro
phic for large parts of the world; six others may well be crossed in the next de

cades, conclude 29 European, Australian and U.S. scientists in an article in the

Sept. 24 issue of the scientific journal Nature. Both Arizona State University
and the University of Arizona are represented on the international list of co-au
thors of this groundbreaking report. Scientists have been warning for decades th
at the explosion of human activity since the industrial revolution is pushing th
e earth s resources and natural systems to their limits. The data confirm that 6 b
illion people are capable of generating a global geophysical force the equivalen
t to some of the great forces of nature
just by going about their daily lives. T
his force has given rise to a new era Anthropocene in which human actions have b
ecome the main driver of global environmental change. "On a finite planet, at so
me point, we will tip the vital resources we rely upon into irreversible decline
if our consumption is not balanced with regenerative and sustainable activity,"
says co-author Sander van der Leeuw, who directs the School of Human Evolution
and Social Change at Arizona State University. Van der Leeuw is an archaeologist
and anthropologist specializing in the long term impacts of human activity on t
he landscape. He also co-directs ASU s Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative that fo
cuses ASU s interdisciplinary strength on large-scale problems where an integrated
effort is essential to finding solutions. Defining planetary boundaries It star
ted with a fairly simple question: How much pressure can the earth system take b
efore it begins to crash? "Until now, the scientific community has not attempted
to determine the limits of the earth system s stability in so many dimensions and
make a proposal such as this. We are sending these ideas out through the Nature
article to be vetted by the scientific community at large," explains van der Le
euw, whose experience includes leading interdisciplinary initiatives in ASU s Coll
ege of Liberal Arts and Sciences. "We expect the debate on global warming to shi
ft as a result, because it is not only greenhouse gas emissions that threaten ou
r planet s equilibrium. There are many other systems and they all interact, so tha
t crossing one boundary may make others even more destabilized," he warns. Nine
boundaries were identified, including climate change, stratospheric ozone, land
use change, freshwater use, biological diversity, ocean acidification, nitrogen
and phosphorus inputs to the biosphere and oceans, aerosol loading and chemical
pollution. The study suggests that three of these boundaries -climate change, bi
ological diversity and nitrogen input to the biosphere may already have been tra
nsgressed. "We must make these complicated ideas clear in such a way that they c
an be widely applied. The threats are so enormous that it is too late to be a pe
ssimist," says van der Leeuw. "A safe operating space for humanity" Using an int
erdisciplinary approach, the researchers looked at the data for each of the nine
vital processes in the earth system and identified a critical control variable.
Take biodiversity loss, for example, the control variable is the species extinc
tion rate, which is expressed in extinctions per million species per year. They
then explored how the boundaries interact. Here, loss of biodiversity impacts ca
rbon storage (climate change), freshwater, nitrogen and phosphorous cycles, and
land systems. In the Nature report titled "A safe operating space for humanity,"
the scientists propose bold move: A limit for each boundary that would maintain
the conditions for a livable world. For biodiversity, that would be less than 1
0 extinctions per million species per year. The current status is greater than 1
00 species per million lost per year, whereas the pre-industrial value was 0.1-1
. The researchers stress that their approach does not offer a complete roadmap f
or sustainable development, but does provide an important element by identifying
critical planetary boundaries. "Human pressure on the earth system has reached
a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. To c
ontinue to live and operate safely, humanity has to stay away from critical hardwired thresholds in earth s environment, and respect the nature of planet s climatic,
geophysical, atmospheric and ecological processes," says lead author professor
Johan Rockstrm, director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre at Stockholm Universi
ty. "Transgressing planetary boundaries may be devastating for humanity, but if
we respect them we have a bright future for centuries ahead," he continues. Alar
m bells for Arizona "Our attempt to identify planetary boundaries that, if cross
ed, could have serious environmental and social consequences has a special reson
ance in the southwest where pressures on biodiversity, land use, and water are l

ikely to intersect with climate change to create tremendous challenges for lands
capes and livelihoods," explains co-author Diana Liverman, a professor of geogra
phy and development at the University of Arizona. Liverman, who also is professo
r of environmental science and a senior fellow of Oxford University s Environmenta
l Change Institute, is currently attending an international climate conference a
t Oxford, United Kingdom. Participants are discussing the implications for human
s and earth ecosystems of a 4 degree Centigrade global temperature rise. She add
s: "Three of the boundaries we identify
350 parts per million of atmospheric car
bon dioxide, biodiversity extinction rates more than 10 times the background rat
e, and no more than 35 million tons of nitrogen pollution per year have already
been exceeded with fossil fuel use, land use change and agricultural pollution,
driving us to unsustainable levels that are producing real risks to our survival
." In addition to Liverman, Rockstrm and van der Leeuw, the group of authors incl
udes Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson, Jonathan Fol
ey and Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen. Other authors are listed on the paper at htt
p://www.nature.com.
Only a decolonization of the curriculum can break down debate s western hegemonic
epistemology that promotes the colonialist world system.
Breidlid 13 (Anders, Professor, Master programme in Multicultural and Internatio
nal Education, Oslo University College, "Education, Indigenous Knowledge, and De
velopment in the Global South", p. 57)OG
What is almost completely under-communicated in the South is how the hegemonic
AND
power and implies a decolonizing of the curricula and the educational discourses
globally
This anti-colonial framework allows us to decolonize the academy and use it as a
jumping-off point for attacks against broader colonialism.
Wane in 9 (Njoki Nathani Wane is the Special Adviser on Status of Women at Unive
rsity of Toronto as Co-Director of Centre for Integrative Anti-Racist Research S
tudies. Anne Wagner (featured left) is a professor of Modern and Contemporary Ar
t at UC-Berkeley. Riyad Shahjahan is an educational administrator at Michigan St
ate University. "Rekindling the Sacred: Toward a Decolonizing Pedagogy in Higher
Education" Journal of Thought, Spring-Summer 2009
We use a critical anti-colonial discursive framework (Dei 26 As-ghazadesh
AND
Citizens" presented at an International Transformative Learning Conference, May 2
003.
Thus, Rachel and I delink from the resolution and traditional debate practices i
n order to point out the absences in the narrative surrounding the idea of "Lati
n" America, the topic, and debate as a whole.
Delinking is a pre-cursor to an epistemic decolonial shift that allows alternati
ve forms of knowledge to be introduced.
Mignolo 8 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke Univer
sity, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked
on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such
as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thin
king, and pluriversality, "DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OF CO
LONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY." 7-8, 2008)Miro
The argument that follows is, in a nutshell, contained in this paragraph.
AND
to this point in section IV ("The grammar of de-coloniality").
Conceptualizing outside of a Western framework is key
Forcing us to debate as th
e colonizer renders it impossible to challenge colonial and state hegemony.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as "~riding~ the
faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledge". "Red Pedagogy", 20
04)Miro

Though indigenous involvement within formal political frameworks is essential, i

t is equally important to
AND
to both Eurocentric and tribal-centric discourses that inadequately theorize ind
igenous identity.
We recognize that we re privileged I m white, cisgender, and economically privileged
but I can use my position to combat colonialism. The judge is not a pretend pol
icy maker, but an ethical intellectual.
Mignolo in 9 (Walter, Professor of Humanities at Duke University, "Dispensable a
nd Bare Lives Coloniality and the Hidden Political/Economic Agenda of Modernity"
in Human Architecture: The Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge 7.2)
Thus, it is as a South American from European descent cum Hispanic Latino in
AND
by who, and how was such cosmology put in place and why did
Only through affirming our advocacy can our speech act become true "knowledge",
absent this debate will continue to churn out neocolonial policymakers.
Maduro 11, Otto, Latino philosopher and sociologist of religion at Drew Universi
ty "Decolonizing Epistemologies" Chapter "An(Other) Invitation to Epistemologica
l Humility" Fordham University Press, November 2011
Whatever we understand by knowledge, we always and only know in community, in
AND
or dismiss) as producers or carriers of legitimate knowledge, as authorities.
By bringing to the foreground ideas that have been erased from the "narrative of
modernity", we bring to the table a depth and breadth of education that cannot
be attained by traditional policy practices.
Delgado 2
Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for E
ducation Research Daniel G. Solrzano University of California, Los Angeles Tara J
. Yosso University of California, Santa Barbarahttp://www.josealamillo.com/criti
calracemethod.pdf
We define the counter-story as a method of telling the stories of those
AND
in social situations that are also grounded in real life, not fiction.
Status quo debate has concerned itself with the reification of monocultural norm
s structured around whiteness. Decolonizing debate and allowing for the introduc
tion of alternative epistemologies is key to prevent its death.
Valdivia-Sutherland 98 Professor and Director of Forensics @ Butte Community Col
lege 1998
Cynthia-Celebrating Differences: Successfully Diversifying Forensics Programs;
National Communication Association s 84th Annual Meeting, November 22; http://www.
phirhopi.org/phi-rho-pi/spts/spkrpts05.2/sutherland.htm, A Multicultural Communi
cative Style
Although the foundation of forensics events may have been grounded in the ancien
t rhetoric of
AND
, and for us. Now, let the celebration of differences begin21
Decolonization must always be a first priority before any other liberatory proje
ct.
Grande 4 (Sandy, Grande defines herself as Indgena and her work as "~riding~ the
faultline between critical theory and indigenous knowledge". Grande s work as fram
ing a social reconstruction ideology. Red Pedagogy, 2004)Miro
To be clear, indigenous and critical scholars do share a common ground, namely
AND
critical analysis of the intersecting systems of domination and the tools to nav
igate them

The colonial subject cannot be deconstructed

lism.

it acts as a prior to poststructura

Byrd 11 (Jodi, Associate Professor of English and American Indian Studies @ Univ
ersity of Illinois, "The Transit of Empire", p. xxxv)Miro
To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart of
AND
United States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livabili
ty

Deleuze and Guattari 1987 (Gilles and Felix, French writers, philosophers and re
volutionaries, Capitalism and Schizophrenia: A Thousand Plateaus, pg. 227-228)
The second danger, Clarity, seems less obvious. Clarity, in effect
AND
and mission even more disturbing than the certitudes of the first line.
1AC s singular focus and subsequent assertions of root causes deepens preestablish
ed modes of thinking that rely on unity and hierarchy.
Deleuze and Guattari 1987 (Gilles and Felix, French writers, philosophers and re
volutionaries, Capitalism and Schizophrenia: A Thousand Plateaus, pg. 14-17)
Thought is not arborescent, and the brain is not a rooted or ramified matter
AND
off beat, in an untimely way, not instantaneously.
The tree and root inspire a sad image of thought that is forever imitating the
AND
or their outcome: the radicle solution, the structure of Power.
Bell 2010 (David, PhD candidate @ Univ. of Nottingham. Fail Again. Fail Better: N
omadic Utopianism in Deleuze and Guattari and Yevgeny Zamyatin. Political Perspec
tives, 4:1)
Thus, for Deleuze and Guattari, the only way philosophy can stay true to
AND
transcendent point which removes immanent life of its power to produce the new.
2/5/14
FW intersectionality
Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minneapolis South OT | Judge: Imanol Av
endano
The only cards we consistently read are these two. If you have questions about s
pecific link evidence, email us, but chances are the links will be analytic.
interpretation: this round should go to the team that best deconstructs heteropa
triarchy and white supremacy
The three pillars of white supremacy are slavery, genocide, and imperialism. All
three reproduce systems of white supremacy that make the US empire appear to be
legitimate, and create complimentary but often contradictory logics. These syst
ems themselves are socialized into individuals at a young age, usually through t
he nuclear family, which is premised on heteropatriarchal notions of kinship. He
teropatriarchy is what ideologically legitimizes the nation-state; it is where h
ierarchy is naturalized.
Smith 6 (Heteropatriarchy and the three pillars of white supremacy, from Color o
f Violence: the INCITE! Anthology)

Heteropatriarchy is the building block of US empire. In fact...AND develop more

complicated strategies that can really transform the political and economic stat
us quo.
abby reads some narrative-ish stuff
The point is not to check our privilege and thus absolve it
privilege is too oft
en reified in its recognition. An anti-racist speech by a white person is a perf
ormative contradiction, but our argument even the parts that are in tension with
each other
is a prerequisite to a space where we can inhabit the critique
Ahmed 4 Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-Performativity of Anti-Racism borderlan
ds ejournal 2004, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.
htm)
Conclusion 46. I must admit to my own anxieties...AND whether we are even up to
the task of recognizing them.
2/5/14
baudrillard scorpion stuff
Tournament: local | Round: Finals | Opponent: local | Judge: probably ian dalton
The Aff treats the natural world as a biosphere experiment to be accumulated and m
anaged, a security sphere in which biodiversity must be preserved and which para
doxically removes the value of life itself only voting negative to remain open a
nd lost before the accident and randomness of the world can smash through the Af
f s glass coffin
Baudrillard 94 Jean, The Illusion of the End p. 85-88
The finest example of what the human species is capable of inflicting upon itsel
f is
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if it rescues us from a scientific euphoria sustained by drip-feed.
2/5/14
irigaray
Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Juan Diego CA | Judge: Paul Montreuil
The Aff begins with a speech from the privileged position of the phallocentric e
conomy. Their 1ac forgets to discsuss the original starting point of social rela
tions which is the subjugation of the feminine
Irigaray 4 (Luce, femme fatale An ethics of sexual difference pg. 10-11)
In order to distance oneself, must one be able to take? To speak? Which AND a sla
ve to the power of the maternal-feminine which he diminishes or destroys.
To speak of women through the matricidal terms of the phallic master signifier i
s to reestablish the repression and censorship of the feminine discourse, a rees
tablishment of the system which aims to destroy, define and exclude all that is
feminine. It reaffirms through discourse the feminine as lack, when in reality p
hallocentric discursivity cannot conceive or understand the true value of femini
ne discourse.
Luce Irigaray 1977 (This Sex Which is Not One, Chapter 4 The power of discourse a
nd subordination of the feminine )
Does this retraversal of discourse in order to rediscover a "Feminine" place sup
pose AND the right to define every value-including the abusive privilege of approp
riation-would no longer belong to it.
MEDUSA S STORY TELLS HOW THE POWERFUL FEMALE, WHIMSICAL AND UNPURGED FROM MATRIAR
CHAL ORIGIN, HAVING HER OWN GAZE, WAS SUBJECTED AS A REPULSIVE IMAGE OF CASTRATI
ON AND EMBODIMENT OF THE LACK. THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF EXPLAINING AND UNDERSTANDING
HER LED POSEIDON TO RAPE HER AND PERSEUS TO MURDER HER. ELIMINATION OF THE POWE
RFUL FEMALE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF HER SUBJECTIVITY IS JUSTIFIED AS THE HERO CON

STRUCTS HER DIFFERENTIATED AND UNCLAIMABLE NATURE AS HORRIFIC AND MONSTROUS IN O

RDER TO DESTROY HER.
Bowers 1990 (Susan, woman and badass, Medusa and the female gaze, John Hopkins Uni
v., p 217-235, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4316018.pdf)//dsa-tdf
Female eros is "assertion of the life force in women, of creative ener
gy empowered AND in the captured spirit, particularly of women."32
RESIST THE URGE TO ONCE AGAIN SACRIFICE THE POWERFUL FEMALE IN FAVOR OF THE ILLU
SION OF HARMONY. COME STARE WITH ME INTO AND THROUGH THE EYES OF THE BEAUTIFUL B
EAST, COME STAND WHERE SEA MEETS LAND AND IN PIECES TAKES IT BACK.
Bowers 1990 (Susan, woman and badass, Medusa and the female gaze, John Hopkins Uni
v., p 217-235, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4316018.pdf)//dsa-tdf
Self-enclosed, creative power turns into frozen rage secreted in the m
ost hidden recesses AND devaluing and suppressing it as the ascetic and
patriarchal religions and moral systems have done."