1-5

2-5

" "

3-5

4-5

5-5

6-5

7-5

8-5

9-5

10-5

11-5

12-5

108

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) (
.
.


.
.
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.

.


.




.



. 22% " " ) (Gasohol
109

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.

.
2-5

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) (Biofuels -
.

.
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.


. .

75% 50% 25% .
.
3
. 15 ) 1
=

10( 45 50

) 1012 = EJ1 ( .
1\3 3%

.
.
8 . 55
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110

%6

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400 EJ/Y : 80GJ/Y :

%1

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250 EJ/Y 210 GJ/Y :

%6

%23

%35

%28

%7

) :(1c-5 : :
140 EJ/Y 36GJ/Y :

) :(1-5

111

3-5

.

.
.

3000 . 25%
.
.

.



.
) (Glauber 1658
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.



)(
.

112



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.


.
19800

28000 .

.


.

405
.

2%
0.1%
.

113


.
4-5

.

:

.
.
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.
) ) ((O2
:
CO2 + 2H2O + energy

CH4 + 2O2

C H O
.
)(
.
.

.
)
114

 (
.
:
60

. 60%
:
) (CH4 12 1

. 16
CO2 + 2H2O
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CH4 + 2O2
)(12 + 4x1) + 2 x(2 x 16

16 44
. 55
16 880 44
.
20 . 60%
100 60
5 .

.


) . (1-5

.
115

 ) (1-5

O
0.1
0
0
0.7

H
1
2
4
1.5

C
1
1
1
1

O
9%
0
0
45%

H
6%
15%
25%
6%

C
85%
85%
75%
49%

120
75
50
77

.

.
:
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CO2 + H2O + energy

) (2-5
) (2-5

) 20%(
) (
)(

5-5

15
17
16
14
14
9
42
28
55

10
9
4
1.4
10
1.5
34
50
0.04

)(Extracting The Energy

.
116

 .

.

.
.
.
:
- .
-
.
- .
.
-
.
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.

6-5

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117

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.

.
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.


.

.
.

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118

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.

.
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. ) (3-5 .


30 .

.
119

Co2

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.
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.
.

.
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300 0C 500 0C .

120

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.

.
4 10 .

.
.
800 900
10% 60%

.

.
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.

.
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) (H2 ) (CO ). (CO2

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CO + H2

CH4 + CO2

121

 ) (CH3 OH
23 .
.
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.


.
10-5

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.
.

(Methane
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Fermentation :
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.
.


.
1-10-5 )(Bio Gas

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122

 ) ( ) (
) (4-5 2000
. .
.

. 35C0
200 400
50% 75%
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.

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.
.
.

123

 150 300
50% 60%
5 6 .
.

20
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.

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11-5

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.
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20% .

124


. .

.
.
10%
. GJ\ton 30 24

.GJ\m3
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.

.
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70
360
180
120
160

400-12000
250-2000
500-4000
1000-4500
160-4000

12-5


.
110 : 1985 133 .
.

125

 1-11-5


.

.

.

.

. 1250
1-2
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40
0.2 . 25%
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.
35000 .
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2-11-5
14
. ) (
200 000
800 000
126

 . 54
3 5 .
1.6
60% . 80%
5
.
.
3-11-5

) (Digesters .
.
.
7
110 ) 1510 ( .

.


.


.

127


.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

128