Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/8803/comgalyp.htm).
But it cant happen these days?!
max
m = (max+min)/2:
mean stress
r = max-min:
stress range
a = r/2:
stress amplitude
r
m
0
time
min
Stress [MPa]
800
600
400
200
-200
-400
-600
-800
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time [s]
2
I
or
5 I
1
2
I
1
2
1
2
1000
m=-400MPa
m=400 MPa
800
600
400
200
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000 1000000
1E7
Number of cycles, N
10
ni
N
i
=1
(Palmgren-Miner rule)
Example:
For previously discussed stress vs time signal: When will
the material of the example S-=N curve fail if subjected
to this periodically repeated signal?
4 classes of cycles.
Two (1-2-1 and 2-3-2) below fatigue limit: N=
1-6-1: N ~ 800
1-5-1: N~3000
1
1
T [s]
+
=1
3000 800
T = 631s
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C. Statistics of fatigue
Measured lifetimes exhibit huge statistical scatter.
Consequence: need for statistical description to predict
failure safety margins
Some probabilistic notations:
probability density function p (t )dt
probability that a part fails (under given conditions)
between times t, t+dt
cumulative probability (distribution function)
t
Mean lifetime:
t = t p (t )dt
Variance of lifetimes:
st 2 = t 2 t
= t p (t )dt t p (t )dt
Example:
Gaussian distribution, mean <t>, standard deviation st
(t t ) 2
p (t ) =
exp
2
2
2
s
2 st
t
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F (t ) =
t - t
2
s
1
2
2 slog
N
( log N log N
exp
2
2 slog
13
Log-normal distribution:
p (log N ) =
1
2
2 slog
N
( log N log N
exp
2
2 slog
N
F ( N ) = 1 exp
N 0
(N0, ) parameters of the Weibull distribution
NB: What is the variance of this distribution?
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