CHNG 3:

LY THUYET NGI TIEU

DUNG

I. o co gian
II. Phan tch hanh vi
tieu dung ca nhan

I. o co gian (He so co gian)

1. o doc
P
o doc =
P

P1

o doc

P2

Q1

Q2

2. o co gian cua cau i vi g

a. Khai niem:
La % thay oi san lng khi thay
Ky hieu ep; Ed
Cong
thc : ep =

Q
Q
P
P

Q P
.
P Q

1
P
.
DoDoc Q

b. Phng phap tnh toan

*Phng phap oan ng cau:

P1

Q1 Q2 P1 P2
ep
.
Q1 Q2 P1 P2

II

P2

Q1

Q2

VD:
P

70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0
10
20
30
40
50
60

Tnh ep ?
Tnh TR ?

TR

Ep

VD:

Tnh ep ?
Tnh TR ?

TR

Ep

70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0
10
20
30
40
50
60

0
600
1000
1200
1200
1000
600

>13
>3,6
>1,8
>1
>0,5
>0,1

*Phng phap iem:

P

epc =
P

B
B

Epc
=

Q P
1
P
.
.
P Q Do Doc Q

Tai iem C: P = OP = AC
Q = OA AC
o doc =
AB

AB AC AB
Thay vao (1).epc. =
AC OA OA

Nhan xet:
Di chuyen iem C sao cho
AB = OA khi o ep = 1
Nhng iem tren iem C
co AB > OA khi o ep > 1
Nhng iem di iem C
co AB < OA khi o ep < 1

ep va o doc la 2 ai
lng khac nhau
ep luon mang gia tr
am (the hien quan he
nghch bien gia gia va
sn lng trong ham so
cau). e de dang so
sanh ta dung tr tuyet
oi.

ep khong n v trnh, ta
co the so sanh o co
gian cua cau i vi gia
gia hai san pham khac
nhau vi nhau.
ep the hien mc o
nhay ben cua ngi
tieu dung oi vi gia.

ep
Do ep co 3 trng hp ep
> 1; ep = 1; ep < 1 ta xet 3
trng hp
*ep > 1
ep >
1

P1
P2

ep <
1
Q1

Q2

ep > 1 :

TR

ep > :

TR

ep < 1

ep =
1

P1

ep<
1

P2

Q1
ep < 1 :

TR

ep < :

TR

Q2

ep = 1

ep = 1

TR khong
oi

Tong quat
ep > 1
ep = 1

ep > 1

ep < 1

TRmax ep
=1
ep < 1
B

VD: P = 1-

10

Q + 20

Xac nh ep tai cac mc sa

Q = 50, 60, 80, 100, 150, 160, 18

Xc nh TR ti cc mc sn lng trn.

3. o co gian
cheo
Ky hieu: eAB;
EXY
Cong thc: eABQ =
B

Q
P
A
P

eAB > 0 : 2 hang hoa

thay the
eAB < 0 : 2 hang hoa bo
sung
eAB = 0: 2 hang hoa oc
lap

4. o co gian theo thu nhap

Ky hieu eI

Q
QI =
Cong thc: e
I
I
0

H2 thiet yeu
H2 thong thng H2 xa x
H2 Th cap

dung ca nhan
1.Muc tieu:
Ngi tieu dung luon
muon toi a hoa hu dung,
li ch
2. Hu dung U (Utility)
a.Khai niem
Hu dung la mc o thoa
man, li ch cua ngi tieu
dung khi tieu dung san
pham

b.
Tong
hu
dung:
TU
La hu dung khi tieu dung
san pham trong 1 n v
thi gian
TU
6
5
4

TU

3
2
1
1


Tong
hu dung gia tang
Nhan
xet
khi gia tang dung san
pham
Tong hu dung at cc
ai, tai o goi la iem
bao hoa
Tiep tuc gia tang tieu
dung san pham qu iem
bao hoa, tong hu dung
khong nhng khong tang

(marginal Utility)
KN:
La hu dung gia tang khi
gia tang tieu dung them 1
san pham trong cung 1 n
v thi gian
La phan tong hu dung
gia tang khi gia tang tieu
dung them 1 san pham
trong cung 1 n v thi
gian.

 Cong thc
tnh
MU = TUn TUn-1
MU = TUi TUi-1

MU =

TU
Q

MU

3
2
1
1

Q
MU

Nhan xet:
*Hu dung bien luon giam
dan khi gia tang tieu dung
san pham

MU

MU

100
50
40
MU
5
1

1
MU

*Tuy vao ac iem sp ng

hu dung bien co o doc

3. Can bang tieu dung

. a Bang s la chon
VD: Ngi tieu dung co M = 11;
mua 2 sp X va Y; Px = 1/sp, Py = 1
/sp
Qx
MUx
Qy
MUy
1
38
1
40
2
35
2
36
3
31
3
34
4
28
4
29
5
23
5
26
6
20
6
23
7
16
7
18
8
10
8
14

Hay chon may x; may y e TU m

1 th nhat chon Y
1 th nh chon X
1 cuoi cung chon Y
Khi Px = Py
0
MUx = MUy -> MUx MUy
=

MUx

MUy -> MUx MUy -> O

VD2:

M = 16; X, Y vi Px = 2/sp ;Py 1/ sp

Qx
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

MUx
102
94
86
76
64
50
34

Qy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

MUy
55
50
45
40
35
30
25

1 th nhat chon san

pham Y
1 th nh chon san
pham X
1 cuoi cung chon
Khi pham
Px
Py
san
Y
MUx MUy

Px
Py

MUx MUy

O
Px
Py

MUx MUy

Px
Py

MUx MUy

o
Px
Py

hnh hoc
b1. ng ang ch (ng Bang
Quan)
C S Hnh Thanh

Ngi tieu dung luon

muon toi a hoa hu dung
San pham cang nhieu hu
dung cang cao
A hn B, B hn C, ngha la A

VD:
TRNG
HP
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

QUAN
AO
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

THCPHA
M
10
14
19
25
32
40
50

U1

KN:
Tap hp cac iem ch ra
s phoi hp gia 2 san
pham X va Y vi cung
mc hu dung.
Cac iem tren ng
ang ch co mc hu
dung nh nhau

 Ty le thay the bien

Y
A

YA

YB

XA

XB

o doc tren ng ang ch the hien

t le thay the gia 2 san pham X va Y
goi la t le thay the bien (MRS)
MRS =

Y
X

Ban o ng ang ch
Y

U3
U2
U1

Nhan xet:
Cac ng ang ch ben
phai pha tren co mc hu
dung cao hn cac ng ben
trai pha di.
Hai ng ang ch tren
cung 1 o th khong the cat
nhau, ieu nay ngha la vi
moi iem tren o th. The
hien 1 s phoi hp gia x va
y va ch cho ra 1 mc hu
dung ma thoi

b2 ng ngan sach (ng thu

Ngi tieu dung vi thu nhap M

Mua 2 san pham X, Y vi PX, PY
M = PY Y + Px X

M PX
.X
Y=
PY PY

ay la phng trnh ng thu nh

Khao sat:

X=OY=

: iem cat truc tung

M
PY X)
(khi khong mua
M
Y=OX=
P
X Y)
(khi khong mua
PX
PY
Dau (-)
bien

: So San pham Y mua c

: iem cat truc hoanh
: So san pham X mua c
: He so goc
: T gia
: The hien quan he nghch
Gia X va Y

M
PY

M
PX

KN:

ng ngan sach la tap

hp cac iem ch ra s
phoi hp gia 2 san pham
X va Y vi cung mc thu
nhap
Cac iem tren ng
ngan sach co mc thu
nhap nh nhau

Thay oi ng ngan sach

Thay oi do thay oi ngan sach
Gia s ngan sach thay oi:
Ngan sach
tang (
M > 0)

M M PX
Y2
.X
PY
PY
X = 0 Y2 = M

(2)

M
PY

So san pham Y mua c tang;

khi khong mua X He so goc Y1 =
he so goc Y2 -> Y1 // Y2

M > 0: Thu nhap tang

ng ngan sach dch

chuyen song song phai

M < 0: Thu nhap giam

ng Ngan sach dch

chuyen song song sang trai

+ Thay oi do thay oi gia 1

san pham
gia s Px thay oi; Px giam.

M PX

.X
Y1 =
PY PY

(1)

'

M
P
X
-> Y2 =
.X
PY PY
X = 0 -> Y2 =M
khong oi
PY
Y = 0 -> X2 =M
mua tang P ' X

( 2)
:iem cat truc tung

:So san pham X

M
PY
1

M
PX

M
'
PX

ng ngan sach trt ra pha ngoai

ng ngan sach trt vao pha trong

b3 Toi a hoa hu dung

Y

A
B
C
D
E

U4
U3
U2
U1

Nhan xet:

Cac iem cat nhau A, B, D,

E hu dung
cha toi a
Can bang tieu dung tai
iem tiep xuc C
Khong at hu dung U4, do
gii han thu nhap

e at mc hu dung U4 (Cho
-> Ngan sach tang

-> Gia 1 san pham giam

-> Gia 2 san pham giam

Lien he: Gia 2

phng phap toi a
hoa hu dung
Bai tap:

khoi lng tieu thu san pham

X tang len 5%, vi cac ieu
kien khac khong oi, th ta
co the ket luan san pham X
la:
a.San pham cap thap
b. Xa x pham
c. San pham thiet yeu
d. San pham oc lap

2) Gia san pham X tang len

dan en phan chi tieu cho
san pham X tang len, th he
so co gian cua cau theo gia
san pham la:
a.ED > 1
b. ED < 1
c. ED = 0
d. ED = 1

3)Neu 2 san pham X va Y la 2 san p

a.EXY > 0
b. EXY < 0
c. EXY = 0
d. EXY = 1

4)ng cung cua san pham X dch c

a.Gia san pham X thay oi
b. Thu nhap tieu dung thay oi
c. Thue thay oi
d. Gia san pham thay the giam

5)ng cau san pham X dch chuy

a.Gia san pham X thay oi

b. Chi ph san xuat san pham X thay o

c. Thu nhap cua ngi tieu thu thay o

d. Cac cau tren eu ung

6)Neu gia can bang san pham

la P= 15 /SP, chnh phu anh
thue 3/SP lam gia can bang
tang len P= 17/SP, co the ket
luan:
a.Cau co gian nhieu hn so vi cung
b. Cau co gian t hn so vi cung
c. Cau co gian tng ng vi cung
d. Tat ca eu sai

7)Khi gia hang Y : PY = 4 th lng

cau hang X : Qx = 10 va khi PY =
6 th Qx = 12, vi cac yeu to
khac khong oi, ket luan X
va Y la 2 san pham:
a.Bo sung nhau
b. Thay the cho nhau
c. Va thay the, va bo sung
d. Khong lien quan

8)Neu muc tieu cua cong ty la

toi a hoa doanh thu, va cau
ve san pham cua cong ty tai
mc gia hien co la co gian
nhieu, cong ty se:
a.Tang gia
b. Giam gia
c. Tang lng ban
d. Gi gia nh cu

Dung thong tin sau tra li cau 9,

P = Qs + 5
P = -1/2 QD + 20
9) Gia can bang va san lng ca
a.Q = 5 va P = 10
b. Q = 10 va P = 15
c. Q = 8 va P = 16
d. Q = 20 va P = 10

10)Neu chnh phu an nh mc

gia P =18 va se mua het
lng san pham tha th chnh
phu can chi bao nhieu tien?
a.108
b. 162
c. 180
d. Tat ca eu sai

11)Muon gia can bang P = 18, th

ham cung mi co dang:
a.P = Qs + 14
b. P = Qs 14
c. P = Qs + 13
d. Tat ca eu sai

12) Ga tran (gia toi a) luon

dan ti:
a.S gia nhap nganh
b. S d cung
c. S can bang th trng
d. S thieu hut hang hoa

13)ng cau theo gia cua bot

giat OMO chuyen dch sang
phai la do:
a.Gia bot giat OMO giam
b. Gia hoa chat nguyen lieu giam
c. Gia cua cac loai bot giat khac
giam
d. Gia cac loai bot giat khac tang

14)Trong trng hp nao sau

ay lam dch chuyen ng cau
TV SONY ve ben phai:
1. Thu nhap dan chung tang
2. Gia TV Panasonic tang
3. Gia TV SONY giam
a. Trng hp 1 va 3
b. Trng hp 1 va 2
d. Trng hp 2 va 3
c. Trng hp 1 + 2 + 3

 So snh co gin ca cung Ev cu

i vi gi ta thy
a. Cng thc ging nhau
b. Th hin mc nhy bn ca
ngi sn xut hoc ca ngi tiu
dng i vi gi
c. a v b
d. Khc nhau hon ton

 Gi cn bng tng 10%. Ti im

cn bng ep = - 1,5 ; es = 2. Vy
lng d tha l bao nhiu %
a. 35
b. 0,5
c. 5
d. Tt c u sai

Tht heo

Qd = 1200 7P
Qs = 900 + 5P

Cau 1: Xac nh Pe, Qe ?

Cau 2: Chnh phu anh thue, gia
luc nay la 30
* Tnh gia va san lng can
bang mi ?
* Thue tren 1 /v san pham ?
* Thue moi ben ganh chu
tren 1 sp?

BaiTp
Ca hng hoa ti:
Mi ngy bn 500 b vi
P=10(1000/b)
V im cn bng.
Ca hng pht hin 50 b hng.
Vy c th nh gi bao nhiu
nu EP=0,5 ti P=10.

 TU=(X-2)Y
M= 200.000

Px= 1000 Py=1000

1. Hm s trn th hin ng g, dng

g? tai sao?
2. (X, Y) ? TU ti a
3. Nu Px = 2000. Tm li (X, Y)
4. Nu Px = 2000, Py = 2000, M =
400000. Tm li X,Y. Cho nhn xt.

 TU = X.Y
Px = 10 /sp Py = 5 /sp
1. Nu ngi tiu dng t hu
dng 450 vhd c nhn ny cn
bao nhiu tin.
2. Nu ch cn t 200 vhd. C
nhn ny tit kim c bao
nhiu tin