GEOGRAPHY (PART 4 THE MOON, ECLIPSES, and Surface of Earth)

The Moon.
Moon is the natural satellite of earth. The diameter of the Moon is about one-fourth and
volume is about one-fifth to that of the Earth.
There is no liquid water and no atmosphere so no weather exists on the moon.
We cannot talk on the moon because, on the moon there is no atmosphere and sound
needs a medium to travel.
It takes about 1.3 seconds for moon light to reach the earth, whereas sunlight takes about
8 minutes, 16.6 second to reach the earth.
One revolution of the moon around earth takes 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes and 11.47
seconds. It rotates on its axis in exactly the same time, so the same face of the moon is
always presented to Earth.
The phases of the moon are caused by the changing angle of sunlight hitting the moon.
Eclipses.
When the light coming from the sun or the moon is obscured by another body, the sun or
moon is said to be in eclipse. Two kinds of eclipses involve the earth.
Lunar Eclipse The moon is said to be in eclipse when the earth comes between the moon
and the sun and this is called lunar eclipse.
Solar Eclipse The sun is said to be in eclipse when the moon comes between the sun and
the earth and this is called solar eclipse.
Tides in the level of the oceans and seas is due to the gravitational pull of the moon and
the sun.
Spring Tide occurs on the days when sun, moon and earth are in a straight line, i.e., on
the days of full moon and news moon.
Spring tide occurs on the days when sun, moon and earth are in straight line i.e., on the
days of full moon and new moon.
Neap tide occurs on the days when lines joining the moon and the earth, ant the sun and
the earth are at right angle i.e., at the time of the first and the last quarters of the moon.
Surface of Earth.
The Surface of the Earth has four distinct spheres
1) Lithosphere The top crust consisting of the crust and the upper mantle. It includes
the land surface and the ocean floors.
Types of rocks. Continents about continents
2) Hydrosphere It is comprised of the water surface, which includes oceans , seas,
rivers and lakes.
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Prepared By G.K.Amin

3) Atmosphere It is comprised of the cover of air that envelopes the earths surface.
4) Biosphere The Sphere where life exists, and is spread over all the above three
which is capable of supporting and sustaining life. It a thin envelope extending 8 to
10 km above the earths surface and in general, a few meters below it into the soil.
To be conTinued

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Prepared By G.K.Amin