Column Design Design #11) Column Designing ‘The objective of this design practice is to analyze the ratio of the cross section area variation between steel columns with different lengths. Such analysis will clarify the role of size and shape of the columns as an influence when submitted into a specific load For this practice steel columns with 5 feet and 25 feet in length will be designed to support a 100,000 pounds body in pinned. fixed boundaries and under a design factor equal to 3.5 2) Introduction A column isa structure that is capable to transfer the load of a body from above to below. This structural capability is known as compression member. In general, compression members are subjected to axial and vertical forces. The main force acting in a column is the normal stress. In columns classified as shorts (high strength limit and low slendemess ratio) its failure wall depend on the ductility of the ‘material, which will change the column original shape, as well as the stiffness, which will cause cracks and the column will collapse under a load above that the material can support. Ina long column type lower strength limit and higher slendemess ratio) the stiffness and the geometry will havea very important role, The failure of long column results in the buckling of the structure. Instead of fracturing, the column tends to knee if overloaded. This buckling occurs before the normal stress reaches the strength ofthe metal On the design of the steel column an AISI 1018 in cylinder shape will be used for this practice. For the design, the slendemess ratio (SR) of the metal must be calculated in order to dimension and analyze the column behavior to support a given load. The slendemess ratio isa factor of. ratio between the effective length ofa column by its radius. Columns made of steel with high SR have lower yield strength than a short column According to the SR calculated, the equations of Euler and J. B. Johnson vill be applied for long columns and short columns respectively in order to study the relation between, size and applicability of the column needed.3) Procedure 31) 33) 34) Computing actual Sienderness Ratio (SR) spol Ext 7 Oo. Where: Le= Effective Length; faa radius of gyration; K=Fixed-Pinned Constant = 0.8 L+length of column =(L1=5 feet, L2= 25 feet) Considering the fact that the slendemess ratio ofa short steel column is less than 40 and for a Jong steel column is more than 150 (efunda com), and adopting the value of 39 and 151 for each column respectively because neither the cross section nor dimensions were given, the radius of gyration of each colunm can be calculated. Computing the value of the Column Constant or Transition Slendemess Ratio (Cc) QxaxE 5, co a Where: E= Modulus of Elasticity, Sp Yield Strength, Comparing the value of Cc with the value of KL/r will allow identifying if the column is a short column or a long column, This analysis will also allow choosing the type of analysis to be made for each column, A column which SR>Ce, this column is considered long and the Euler Formula equation will be used,_@xExA (27 ay r ‘A column which SR ot [critical buckling load] Per critical buckling toad] | Per 5.50E+05 For the pinned fixed 5 feet long column, an allowable load of 6782 MPa fora carbon steel column with cross section area of 19.01 sq, in was calculated using JB. Johnson's formula. 6) Conclusions: 61) 62) For the desirable load of 100,000 Ibs using a design factor of 3.5, a 25 feet long round AISI 1018 carbon steel column would have a cross section of 31.77 in’. This dimension is higher than the dimension calculated by the software MDesign. During the design of the column, an estimate of the radius was calculated using the range of slendemess ratio fora ong column. This estimate resulted in the difference of the cross section area. Although the cross section was different than the software result, the 31.77 in’ column would support the desirable load, For the desirable load of 100,000 Ibs using a design factor of 3.5, a 5 feet long round AISI 1018 carbon steel column would havea cross section of 19.01 in’. The same method was used to estimate the cross section area of the columm and so there were also a difference in the values. A decrease of the radius of the cross section area to meet the specified load would decrease the ‘weight of the column as well asiits cost in both cases.