ATP Production from One Molecule of Glucose

Oxidation of glucose
C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + heat

The following steps are required for Cellular Respiration

1. GLYCOLYSIS- the splitting of sugar
glucose is converted to pyruvic acid
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2
H+ + 2 H2O + heat

cytosol/cytoplasm
anaerobic respiration
uses
o 2 ATP
+
o 2 NAD and 2 Pi
+
o 2 NADH and 2H
o 4 ADP
yields
o 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
o 2 NADH (electron carriers)
o 4 ATP (2 net ATP because 2 are used to begin glycolysis)
2. TRANSITION REACTION-connects glycolysis to the Krebs
Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle/Tricarboxylic Acid
Pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl CoA
mitochondrial matrix
aerobic respiration
uses
o
2 NAD+
o
2 CoA
yields

o
o
o
o
o

2 NADH
2 Acetyl CoA
2 H+
2 CO2
2 ATP

3. KREBS CYCLE--CITRIC ACID CYCLE--TRICARBOXYLIC

ACID CYCLE
mitochondrial matrix
aerobic respiration
uses
o
6 NAD+
o
2 FAD
o 2 GDP and 2 Pi
o
2 ADP
yields
o
6 NADH and 6 H+
o
2 FADH2
o
2 ATP
o
2 GTP
4. ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ETS)
mitochondrial cristae
aerobic respiration
most ATP is created here
Total yields
o
glycolysis --------------2 NADH yield 4 ATP (2 net)
o
transition reaction ----2 NADH yield 6 ATP
o
Krebs cycle ----------- 6 NADH yield 18 ATP
o
Krebs cycle ----------- 2 FADH2 yield 4 ATP

TOTAL 38 ATP
Total net ATP production of Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic + Aerobic) =

36

Inferior vena cava

Right atrium
Right AV valve/tricuspid
Ventricular filling done-diastole
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose and other nutrients
Bicep originates at the humeral head
Inserts at the
Dorsal afferent sensory- to the brain
Ventral efferent motor- to the body