14/8/2015

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Biu Pareto l g?
15 THNG CHN, 2011 // NGUYN THANH SN

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Thng thng s dng 7 cng c QC kim sot sn phm li (sn

phm khng ph hp) trong sn xut hoc dch v tm ra nguyn nhn
khc phc.
1. Phiu kim sot (check sheets)
2. Biu Pareto (Pareto chart)

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3. Biu mt phn b (Histogram)

4. Biu nguyn nhn kt qu (Cause & Effect Diagram)
5. Biu phn tn (Scatter Diagram)
6. Biu kim sot (Control Chart)
7. Cc loi th (Graphs)
Bi vit di y xin gii thiu v biu Pareto, mt trong 7 cng c ci
tin cht lng:
1. Biu Pareto l g?
Biu Pareto phn nh cc nguyn nhn gy ra vn c sp xp
theo cc t l v mc nh hng tc ng ca cc nguyn nhn n
vn , qua gip bn a ra cc quyt nh khc phc vn mt cch
hu hiu, bi v bn bit u l nhng nguyn nhn ch yu v quan
trng nht tp trung ngun lc gii quyt.
Biu ny c Pareto nh kinh t ngi a ra u tin, sau
c Joseph Juran mt nh cht lng ngi M p dng vo nhng
nm 1950. Nguyn tc Pareto da trn quy tc 80 20, c ngha l 80%
nh hng ca vn do 20% cc nguyn nhn ch yu.
Biu Pareto c xy dng theo trnh t cc bc sau y:
Xc lp cc loi sai hng;
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Xc nh yu t thi gian ca th (ngy, tun, thng, nm ).

Chng hn nh s liu v cc sai hng c thu thp trong cng
thi gian mt thng.
Tng cng t l cc sai hng l 100%. Tnh t l % cho tng sai
hng;
V trc ng v trc ngang v chia khong tng ng vi cc n v
thch hp trn cc trc;
V cc ct th hin tng sai hng theo th t gim dn, t tri sang
phi; trn th, cao ca ct tng ng vi gii tr ghi trn trc
ng. B rng cc ct bng nhau;
Vit tiu ni dung v ghi tm tt cc c trng ca s liu c
v trn th;
Phn tch biu : Nhng ct cao hn th hin sai hng xy ra
nhiu nht, cn c u tin gii quyt. Nhng ct ny tng ng
vi on ng cong c tn sut tch ly tng nhanh nht (hay c
dc ln nht). Nhng ct thp hn (thng l a s) i din cho
nhng sai hng t quan trng hn tng ng vi on ng cong
c tn sut tch ly tng t hn (hay c tc nh hn).
TIP: S dng u ra ca Biu xng c lm u vo cho Biu Pareto
l cch hay t c tnh ng b gia cc hot ng.

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2. Ti sao Biu Pareto c ngha?

Biu Pareto c ngha bi n biu th mc tiu v s hiu bit r rng
v vn m bn cn tp trung u tin gii quyt. N gip bn ti u ha
vic u t tin bc v thi gian.

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3. Biu Pareto h tr nh th no?

N cho php bn tp trung ton b n lc theo tng s kin. Nu bn
gim mt na vn m gy ra 30% s vic th tc l v tng th bn
ci tin c 15%. Nu bn loi b 100% vn m ch gy ra 3% s
vic th v tng th bn cng ch ci tin c 3%. Do , Biu Pareto
s gip bn cn tp trung vo u to ra nhng thay i ln v t
c kt qu cui cng.
4. Biu Pareto c p dng ti u?
Biu Pareto c p dng khi bn phi i mt vi nhng s vic a
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nhn t. S dng n cho php bn la chn nn u tin tin hnh gii

php no v qun l ngun lc mt cch hiu qu nht.
5. Khi no Biu Pareto c ngha?
Biu Pareto c ngha khi bn xc nh ra cc vn ln nht v
nguyn nhn gy ra chng m khng bit bt u t u.
6. Biu Pareto em li li ch cho ai?
Biu Pareto em li li ch cho nhng ai lin quan ti d n ci tin.
C th, li ch m t chc nhn c l s phn b ngun lc hiu qu
vo vn quan trng nht t to ra c hi ci tin tt nht.
N cng l mt cng c trao i thng tin hiu qu gip Lnh o cp
cao v nhng ngi khc hiu r ti sao bn u tin chn trin khai cc
hot ng hin ti v kt qu mong i l g.
Ch : Biu Pareto cho bn ci nhn trc quan v c th c s dng
nh mt hnh thc khuyn khch nhn vin i mt vi cc vn ln
hn. Trao quyn v khin nhn vin thy t tin l mt nhn t quan
trng t ti thnh cng trong di hn.
Ti file v d v biu Pareto: click here (excel)

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