CNG N TP HC K 1 - TON 10 CB

Nm hc 2009- 2010
CNG
A. L Thuyt
1) Tp hp v cc php ton trn tp hp .
2) Tp xc nh, s bin thin, tnh chn l ca hm s .
3) Hm s y = ax + b v y = ax2 + bx + c : S bin thin v th ca hm s,
xc nh hm s tha iu kin cho trc.
4) Phng trnh bc nht v bc hai mt n, h PT bc nht 2 n.
CC DNG BI TP
B Bi tp
CHNG I. TP HP. MNH
Bi 1: Lit k cc phn t ca cc tp hp sau.
a/ A = {3k -1| k Z , -5 k 3}

b/ B = {x Z / x2 9 = 0}

c/ C = {x R / (x 1)(x2 + 6x + 5) = 0}

d/ D = {x Z / |x | 3}

e/ E = {x / x = 2k vi k Z v 3 < x < 13}

Bi 2: Tm tt c cc tp hp con ca tp: a/ A = {a, b}
c/ C = {a, b, c, d}

b/ B = {a, b, c}

Bi 3: Tm A B ; A B ; A \ B ; B \ A , bit rng
a/ A = (2, + ) ; B = [1, 3]
b/ A = (, 4] ; B = (1, +)
c/ A = {x R / 1 x 5}B = {x R / 2 < x 8}
CHNG II: HM S BC NHT V BC HAI
Bi 1: Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:
3x
a) y
b) y= 12-3x
x2
x
d) y
( x 1) 3 x

3 x

c) y

x4

f ) y x 2 7 x

Bai 2: Xt tnh chn l ca hm s sau

4
a/ y = 4x3 + 3x b/ y = x4 3x2 1
c/ y x 2 x 5
Bi 3: Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau:
a) y = 3x-2 b) y -2x + 5
Bi 4: Xc nh a, b th hm s y=ax+b :
a) i qua hai im A(0;1) v B(2;-3)
2
b/ i qua C(4, 3) v song song vi t y = x + 1
3

c/ i qua D(1, 2) v c h s gc bng 2

1
2

d/ i qua E(4, 2) v vung gc vi ng thng y = x + 5

Bi 5:Xt s bin thin v v th ham s sau
a/ y = x 2 - 4x+3
c/ y = x2 + 2x 3
Bi 6: Xc nh parabol y = ax2+bx+1 bit parabol :
a) i qua hai im A(1;2) v B(-2;11)
b) C nh I(1;0)

d) y = x2 + 2x

c) Qua M(1;6) v c trc i xng c phng trnh l x=-2

d) Qua N(1;4) c tung nh l 0.
Bi 7: Tm Parabol y = ax2 - 4x + c, bit rng Parabol
a/ i qua hai im A(1; -2) v B(2; 3)
b/ C nh I(-2; -2)
c/ C honh nh l -3 v i qua im P(-2; 1)
d/ C trc i xng l ng thng x = 2 v ct trc honh ti im (3; 0)
Chng III
Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau
1/

2/

x 3 x 1 x 3

3/ x x 1 2 x 1
5/

x 4 2

x 2 2 x 1

4/ 3x2 5x 7 3x 14
6/

x 1 (x2 x 6) = 0

3x2 1
4
7/

x-1
x-1

x2 3x 4
8/
x+4
x+4

Bi2: Gii cc phng trnh sau

1/ x 1

2
x 2

2x 2
x 2

2/ 1 +

1
7 2x
=
x 3
x 3

3/

x 2 1
2

x 2 x x(x 2)

Bi 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau

1/ 2x 1 x 3

2/ 2x 2 = x2 5x + 6

3/ x + 3 = 2x + 1

4/ x 2 = 3x2 x 2

Bi 4: :
1/

3x 2 9 x 1 = x 2

2/ x

2x 5 = 4

Bi 5. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau

1/ 2mx + 3 = m x

2/ (m 1)(x + 2) + 1 = m2

3/ (m2 + m)x = m2 1

4/ (m2 4)x = m + 2

Bi 6 Gii cc phng trnh sau

2x 3y 5
a
3 x y 3

2 x y 3
b.
4 x 2 y 6

x 2 y 3
c.
2 x 4 y 1

4
7
3 x 3 y 41
d.
3 x 5 y 11
5
2

Bi 7: Cho phng trnh x2 2(m 1)x + m2 3m = 0.Tm m phng trnh

a/ C hai nghim phn bit
b/ C hai nghim
c/ C nghim kp, tm nghim kp .
d/ C mt nghim bng -1 tnh nghim cn li
e/ C hai nghim tho 3(x1+x2)=- 4 x1 x2
f/ C hai nghim tho x1=3x2
Bi 8: Cho pt x2 + (m 1)x + m + 2 = 0
a/ Gii phng trnh vi m = -8
b/ Tm m pt c nghim kp. Tm nghim kp
c/ Tm m PT c hai nghim tri du
d/ Tm m PT c hai nghim phn bit tha mn x12 + x22 = 9

H THNG KIN THC V BI TP HNH HC 10 (C BN)

N TP HC K I
A/ L THUYT:

I. Chng I: Vc t
1) + Hai vc t c gi l cng phng nu gi ca chng song song hoc trng nhau.
uuur
uuur
+Ba im A,B,C phn bit thng hng khi v ch khi AB v AC cng phng.
+Hai vc t cng phng th chng c th cng hng hoc ngc hng.
+ Hai vc t c gi l bng nhau nu chng c cng hng v cng di
+ Vc t khng l vc t c im u v im cui trng nhau.
2) Tng v hiu ca hai vc t:
+ Cho 3 im A,B,C ty .
r
uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuu
Ta c: Quy tc ba im: AB + BC = AC . Quy tc tr : AB AC = CB
uuur uuur uuur
+Quy tc hnh bnh hnh : Nu ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th AB + AD = AC .
uu
r uu
r ur
+ I l trung im ca on thng AB IA IB O .
uuu
r uuu
r uuur ur
+ G l trng tm ca ABC GA GB GC O .
3) Tnh cht ca vc t vi mt s:
+ Trung im ca on thng: I l trung im ca on thng AB
uuur uuur
uuu
r
MA MB 2 MI , M.
uuur uuur uuuu
r
uuuu
r
+ G l trng tm ca ABC MA MB MC 3MG .
+ iu kin hai vc t cng phng:
r
r
r
r r
a v b ( b 0 ) cng phng tn ti mt s k: a kb .
4) H to :
+ Lin h gia to ca im v to ca vc t trong mt phng.
uuur
Cho: A(xA ; yA), B(xB ; yB). Ta c: AB = (xB - xA ; yB - yA).
+ To trung im ca on thng: Cho A(xA ; yA), B(xB ; yB). Khi to trung im I(xI ;
yI) ca on thng AB l:
x A xB

xI
2

y y A yB
I

2
+ To trng tm ca tam gic: Cho A(x A ; yA), B(xB ; yB), C(xC ; yC). Khi to trng
tm G(xG ; yG) ca tam gic ABC l:

x A xB xC
3
y y B yC
A
3

xG

y
G

II. Chng II: Tch v hng ca hai vc t v ng dng.

1) Gi tr lng gic ca mt gc bt k t 00 n 1800.
2) Tch v hng ca hai vc t.
rr
r r
r r
r
r
r
+ nh ngha: a v b 0 , ta c: a.b a . b .cos(a, b)
r
r
+ Biu thc to ca tch v hng: cho a = (a1 ; a2), b = (b1 ; b2)
rr
Kh : a.b = a1b1 + a2b2
r
r
r
* Ch :
a = (a1 ; a2), b = (b1 ; b2) khc 0

r
r
a b a1b1 + a2b2 = 0
r
+ di ca vc t: Cho a = (a1 ; a2). Khi :
r
a a12 a22
r
r
+ Gc gia hai vc t: a = (a1 ; a2), b = (b1 ; b2)
rr
a1b1 a2b2
a.b
r r
cos ( a, b ) = r r =
2
a.b
a1 a22 . b12 b22 .
+ Khong cch gia hai im:
Cho A(xA ; yA), B(xB ; yB). Khi : AB =

( xB x A ) 2 ( y B y A ) 2

B/ CC V D:

1) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho 3 im A(1 ; 3), B(-2 ; 1), C(2 ; 5)

r
uuur uuur uuu
a) Tm to cc vc t AB , BC , CA
b) Tm to trung im I ca on thng AC v to trng tm G ca ABC
c) Tm to im D tc gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Gii:
uuur
uuu
r
uuur
a)
Ta c : AB = (-3 ; -2); BC = (4 ; 4); CA = (-1 ; -2)
b) Gi s I (xI ; yI)
x xC 3
y yC
;
4
Ta c : xI = A
yI = A
2
2
2
3
Vy I (
; 4)
2
+ Gi s G (xG ; yG)
x xB xC 1
y
;
Ta c : xG = A
yG = A
3
3
1
Vy G ( ; 3)
3
uuur
c) Gi s D (xD ; yD) . tc gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th AB =
uuur
uuur
Ta c : AB = (-3 ; -2) ; DC = (2 xD ; 5 - yD)

yB yC 9

3
3
uuur
DC

uuur
2 xD 3
xD 5
uuur
Khi : AB = DC

5 yD 2
yD 7
Vy D (5 ; 7)
2) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho A(-1 ; 5), B(2 ; 3), C(5 ; 2)
a) Chng minh rng 3 im A, B, C khng thng hng
r
uuur
uuur
b) Tm to ca vc t x 3 AB 2 AC .
Gii:
uuur
a)
AC = (6 ; -3)
uuur
uuur
3
3
Xt t s

AB khng cng phng vi AC

6
2
Vy 3 im A, B, C khng thng hng.
r
uuur
uuur
b)
Ta c : x = 3 AB - 2 AC
= (3.3 - 2.6 ; 3(-2) - 2(-3)) = (-3 ; 0)
r
r
r
r
r
3) Cho a = (1 ; -1), b = (2 ; 1). Hy phn tch vc t c = (4 ; -1) theo 2 vc t a v b
Gii:
uuur
Ta c : AB = (3 ; -2);

r
r
r
Gi s c = k a + h b
k 2h 4
Ta c :

k h 1
r
r
r
Vy c = 2 a + b

= (k + 2h ; - k + h)
k2

h 1

1
. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
2
P = 3sin2x - cos2x
Gii:
Ta c : sin2x + cos2x = 1 sin2x = 1 - cos2x
Khi : P = 3(1 - cos2x) - cos2x = 3 - 4cos2x
1
1
M cosx =
P = 3 - 4( )2 = 3 - 1 = 2
2
2
uuur uuur uuur uuu
r
5) Cho u ABC c cnh bng a. Tnh cc tch v hng AB . AC , AC . CB
4) Cho gc x, vi cosx =

Gii:
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Ta c : AB . AC = AB . AC .cos( AB , AC )
1 2
a
2
uuur uuu
r
1
AC . CB = a . a . cos 1200 = a2
2
r
r
6) Trn mt phng Oxy, tnh gc gia hai vc t a , v b trong cc trng hp sau:
r
r
a) a = (2 ; -3) , b = (6 ; 4)
r
r
b) a = (3 ; 2) , b = (5 ; -1)
= a . a . cos 600 =

C/ BI TP:

uuur
uuur
uuur uuur
1) Cho tam gic u ABC cnh bng a. Tnh di ca cc vc t AB + BC v AB - BC .
2) Chng minh rng i vi t gic ABCD bt k ta lun c:
uuur
uuur
ur
uuur
uuur
a) AB + BC + CD + DA = O
uuu
r
uuur
uuur
uuur
b) AB - AD = CB - CD
uuur
uuur
3) Chng minh rng AB = CD trung im ca on thng AD v BC trng nhau
4) Cho hai im phn bit A v B. Tm K sao cho
ur
uuu
r
uuur
3 KA + 2 KB = O
r ur
r
ur
r
1r
5) Cho U = i - 5 j , V = m i - 4 j .
2
ur
ur
Tm m U v V cng phng.
r
r
r
6) Cho a = (3 ; 2) , b = (4 ; -5) , c = (-6 ; 1)
ur
r
r
r
a) Tm to ca vc t U = 3 a + 2 b - 4 c
r
r
r
r
b) Tm to vc t x + a = b - c
r
r
r
c) Tm cc s k v h sao cho c = k a + h b
7) Cho 6 im M, N, P, Q, R, S bt k. Chng minh rng
uuur
uuur
uuu
r
uuur
uuur
uuur
MP + NQ + RS = MS + NP + RQ
8) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho A(-5 ; -2) , B(-5 ; 3) , C(3 ; 3)
r
uuur uuur uuu
a) Tm to cc vc t AB , BC , CA
b) Tm to trung im I ca on thng BC v to trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.

c) Tm to im D t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.

9) Cho 3 im A(-1 ; 5) , B(5 ; 5) , C(-1 ; 11)
a) Chng minh rng 3 im A, B, C khng thng hng
ur
uuur
uuur
b) Tm to vc t U = 2 AB - AC
r
r
r
r
r
10) Cho a = (3 ; -4) , b = (-1 ; 2). Phn tch vc t c = (1 ; 3) theo hai vc t a v b
1
11) Cho gc x, vi sinx = . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc.
2
P = 3 sin2x + cos2x
12) Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc:
a)
A = (2 sin300 + cos1350 - 3 tag1500).(cos1800 - cotg600)
b)
B = sinx + cosx
khi x = 00, 450, 600
c)
C = 2 sinx + cos2x khi x = 600, 450, 300
r
r
13) Trn mt phng Oxy, tnh gc gia hai vc t a v b trong cc trng hp sau
r
r
a)
a = (3 ; 2) , b = (5 ; -1)
r
r
b)
a = (-2 ; 2 3 ) ,
b = (3 ; 3 )
r
r
c)
a = (4 ; 3) , b = (1 ; 7)
14) Trn mt phng to Oxy cho 4 im A(7 ; -3) , B(8 ; 4) , C(1 ; 5) , D(0 ; -2). Chng minh rng t
gic ABCD l hnh vung
15) n gin cc biu thc sau:
a)
P = sin1000 + sin800 + cos100 + cos 1640
b)
Q = sin(900 - x). cos(1800 - x)
r
r
ur
ur
r
1r
i - 5 j v V = k i - 4 j
16) Trong mt phng to , cho U =
2
ur
ur
a) Tm cc gi tr ca k U V
ur
ur
b) Tm cc gi tr ca k U = V
17) Cho tam gic ABC vung A v gc B = 300. Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau

AC , CB

a) cos AB, BC sin AB, BC tan

b)

sin AB , AC cos BC , BA cos CA, BA