dD G M

GOBG SQO ,IfCG fdGh FGHG J fCG CG H ,1956 Y IfCG j hQg QG SG j dG JdG dh
jhQGdG MJ dG JHH Qe Jc j hQg . jdGh SdG c QGUEH GC H fdG h ,SG eL S Qe eL
.IeG jedG LdjjEG e ITG Jbd VJh
Y dG G j H ,OEGh dG HQM jnsdG sd Ibe icP ''j''h ''hQg'' SG e ,QG hCG dG SG j
f CGh ,jhdG dG NBG g dG BGdG CG EG dG G j .G Gg dG g j dG G JQ ec dG
dG YGG c HEGh cdGh jOEG SCG f ag JdG Vh dGh BGdG AV h .dG N g Sh Y dG U kG
.g aGgCG Y YEG H c H e dG G Ggjh ,INCG G c d d ,jd jOG cG Y J
fEG YVH dGh dH EG Y Jh ,SdG EG fBGdG dSdG f gh MGh g M dDG c L QhJ
.NBG dGh dEG OLdGh
jRGdGh SdGh GdHh fhfCG EG GfEG eh ,jeCG EG dG e AGdG e SGh jd Ic H j hQg c J
.fhfCGh ShdGh fdCGh HdGh jOQCGh dJdGh fCGh jfEGh fdG EG c H LJ bh ;fSEGh
dG g H J dG Gh dG SCa ,eDG EG jJh ,dH EG EG eDG Z IYO JFa dG g KCG d
ke j CG L H gG jh dG g GC j Qb CG Y G e .QdG Y dGh jdG KCdG fe kFf j
dG J J dG g C ,H WY e e dP a ,Y adG AGd j MCG H dh .jOG dG GfCG e f C
.j hQg c EG Oj dGh dG MOo b dG OLh GH J dG LdjjEG L EG .SSCG e
Y j jdG dhCG eN g dG g f AGQh e JdG gh ;MVhh BGdG M e Ie FG g CG T
.g c f AGQh e Oe g Lj fCG Y IhY ,IdG hCG dG dh ,dG EG Ud dG jdG
ej ,d jOdG jW EG gTJh Hbh YCG J dG ,dG g IAGb Y jNBG j jdG Ea ,FG g AV Yh
.H QJ eN
dG MGREG KDJ h ,LdjjEG Va EG fEG OJh QdG gP jdG e kYf J dG dG bJ j ,iNCG L e
HOCG IdG Y cJ fc d QdG Y dG KCG Gg d J fCG VGdG a dG g eCG ,Gh bd e ,SdG b e
dG jJh dG g g j hQg d MdG dG CG ij CG dH j eh ,dEG j dG edG dG e cCG Jd
.ffEG
LdGh G dG jO Y OHG f EG d Gg ej eSEG dG j dG YGdGh dG dG CG EG IQTEG e H
dG fBGdG FGdGh dG EG LdGh ,G gG J Y dGh EG e EG IOdH EG j d Ggh ,IadG LdjjEG f
b ...EGh FGOCG e H LGh g ,QedGh OdG jhg f H J dGh jOG dG dM EG dHh .kGQSO d d dG dN d VY
.SG bdG f
T S dG SdG dG g S dG Hh ,FdG QhdG Gg JY Y NCG b j hQg Y EG :b GPEG df
.dG BGdG H Yh dG IOdGh dGh dG dN e jdG dG
,TeCG Y YdG ,dG Y jhQGdG JL dG QGdG ,fSGh jOdG ,jG SG dG :JdG YCG J
n b ,ScddG OGM AGQh ,gQEG OGM AGQh ,SdG G dG ,gQEG aj SEG ,TdG :jhQGd jedG LdjjEG
hC ,IFdG CG , ,QdG jPcCG ,QdG YN ,dG EG j dG ,2-1 FM fehdG :dG S ,3-2-1 YVG ,BGdG
dG ,GdCG dG RYEG ,gdG dG ,Sj dG ,Se dG ,jQdG Y bO HLEG ,kGDS jY QdG jf QfG ,dCG
CGH b jedG ,GG Y dG e FGQ Ph dG H ,dG dG ,dG jW BGdG ,dG Gg IM M ,e c
,JdG G Ie ,dG IG ,YG RG Ie ,G IG ,IQdG Ie ,QdG Mh OG ,gJ ,dG N ,ka
,GG e S ,G QdG ,Id G UCG ,dG IG ,dG f IG ,VdG IG ,dG IG
. DNA QGSCG ,JhdG IG ,FdG cdG AGG IG ,dG oj dH
GG ,2-1 G dG e ,dG bG ,GG Y MQ ,dG MQ ,dG N Ge :WCd JdG c h
.SOdG :IG G IH ,JEH N j dG ,dG ,QdG FbUCG Y ,G dG IM kYS 24 ,fEG L
-1 Ed jS a ,BGdG bNCG npdG ,BGdG SSCG gG :fBGb YVe hJ dG iNCG JdG YCG Jh
,BGdG aG T ,dG S IdG ,BGdG Y ,BGdG fMhdG dG ,G :eDd G ihCG ,gG g ,3-2
fEG hY ,SdG ce ,QdG H ,BGdG e HLEG ,BGdG SSCG gG ,BGdG dOGh dSdG J ,dG ASCG ,aG QGSCG
T ,G BGdG MCG ,kGHCG J ,dG j ,BGdG YdG gCG ,BGdG IdG ,dG J ,gG jO ,KdG ,dG :oG
MQ ,SQ J ,J CG b ,eG EG ,gGdG dG M ,BGdG e eY Qe ,BGdG dG gCG ,gG fEG
dG GAGaG ,Sj SQe ,3-2-1 dG dL e Y ,BGdG IG G ,mGB Y dG ,dG SHc ,dG N ,eDG
dG ,e c j dG ,BGdG QGSCG H ,BGdG dG j c ,f J GP ,dG c JG gCG ,jQdG Y SEG d VJ
.BGdG EG j jdG dhCG ,BGdG dGh

bG
dG
j hQg

QdG GE
J jdG g CG g jhQGdG jdG Qf UN a J AGQh dG
,G M jhQGdG fCG CG a .jG SdG c Y j dG IYdG
dG OLH dG Gbh hCG fjOCG Y hdG J ,dG OLh M dHh
,jdG Y j kLGh jdG g MO j dd .INCG S HQCGh G N
,c e c e cCG GC j CG Qd UdG J b .e c Y dhDe Jh
.VG Gg a f ka f CG jCJQG dd
jBG AV Y dG g c dhJ dG fEG YVG L T
J dG YVG c MT .fe e dGh dG c EG SdG YJ gh fBGdG
SCG N e QdG gP DhdG hCG d kfe J jH fBGdG jBH
YLG dG L AGq d c JdG YG dG dGh dG
e QdG q dG FGhdG SCG Gg .Jh e J CG dG jGh
,H hj h fMhdG QeCG aj jdG dhCG M ,IMGh L dG IAGb
.H YbG ANEG e Gj h dG g JMG dG FH GhKCJ
e dhj hCG Oe H dDG c e Zh dG Gg GC j CG Qd
Ie bG ha e IOSG Zj jdG dhCG eCG .YL be N
.jNBG EG HQ Y dGh JYfH AOEG e S fEG PEG Gk L
eN j dG Ld c dG dG g VYh IAGb gG CG EG aVEG
hjj jd f dd ,bEG jZ SCH dG g FG VY . jd
.kGc kfY d J dG g EG :jNBG EG jdG f
id ,dG jf IOLG dG g e P Y j CG Qd G e
.IGh G jdG OGH dG QOG g VJ dG dG
J hCG Jd T f Lh ,dG e Z c dG Gg d
Fj VhY hCG Ve YVe VY eZ SCG hCG ,dG c Y J
.dG GfG EG ODJh dG J

jG
8 NG
12 dG Wf e HC G dG
16 fGG id eC G GAGLGE
20 dG Y IOLG UdG
24 adGh dG H jdG hdG
29 QdG SG :adG
32 AdG IM id adG f
35 ?jW GE dG S j c
40 ?AG dG j c
44 ?FdG eG Y hcG j jGC e
47 dG T FdG SdG
50 jdG FdG :SJdG
53 FjdG YGdG J dG TGdG
55 hG C G :jdG S
57 ?Ad YdG G FdG aJ g
61 AdG Jh QdG YGC J dG G FdG
64 A qdG Sp f o c
67 dG SGC id FGdG jdG
70 dG Sd gG FG
72 GdG ce :dG GM
75 AG LJ dG jdG LG :LG
78 AGq dG IM
81 GdG id UG jdG f

83 dG Q q f FW IQb
86 .dG q G hP dC G dG
87 dG ML WGC MU (ShOdG) SdG FW
90 .j q dG a :jdG QY
92 NGd JH dG adG
95 jQdG id jdG IcGdG
96 fGG Y YQG
97 dG X M LJ dG adG
100 QdG J Y
102 JH YG QU q dG
103 q G adG
104 AG a J dG IG :GdG Me
105 UdG G SGC
106 AGG dG hP TG dG
107 YG GdC G hP jG de
108 Ae H ec GT J GC J dG G QW
110 QdG jQ cJ
114 adG id FGdG GQdG GSG J
116 G j e AG j dG AG QY
119 S dG G j dG QqG S
120 dG dG
122 d f jM f
125 G

8
``NG
e e ,G FdG e j OY VQCG Lh Y j
dCG H fGM aOJ j a .af e eh af
fGG gh ,HdG j Me Hh dGh dG
fEa ,dP Y ch .Id Ie jH GQbh FN
HM ah ,gjN J gh dG GM Y WG Y
EG a Yj eCG g EG SG CT fCT bdG e jZ Y
.gdG
SCG hCG dG e Me fG c e Gha
.Gh MdG e Y Jh ,Y Uh gQU YJ CG
c :gh p oe GDS Y HLEG CG hf Sh
H GedG BG b J CG ILG IdG ad
..cCa cCG OGOJ JM Ea UdG cCG N ch .bJ
Fc a .Z Y dG FN M Fc d EG
JM cCG J iNCG fGMh ,AGdG JM cCG J
j cJ GP SCG Ea dP Y ch .AG YCG
e GLh fYh FQ a ,AG d LM e e
IQOb j jQh FQ Qd qGC c .AG NGO dG
FdG g CG T h .AdG GdG Y
GG gh bQG GQdG g dG
FdG a .f AJ e dP IjdG

9
Y S e J fCG c ,FG g dG H J
d fEa ATCG g c Y e Lj GPEa .bOG jW
e g j CG H fCG c .WEG Y a G e
a .IjdG FG J a Vhh eLCG d U
Gg e dG g AT H lY jb K CG g a AGe dG
dNh dN J dG g IdG g MUh .aG gh dG
GG g G FdG e dG g Lh Y da .AT c
.IjdG IqdG
H g CG Z ,IL ae ATCG g aJ Q fCG
Yj SdG ADg CG aJ a .e Gg Y j SdG
H fJ
q EG bQN Ge e G FdG g e CG
WCG AbG GAYOG g CH S gh ?AdG aOG
Zda ,dP fL EGh ?''QdG jf'' SG HUCG Y
Ea GAYOG g H KCG b dG ha L CG e
.BG EG Y Gdr j d YGdG HUCG
jRYEG FG d f S dG Gg

10

QaCG dGp nnG QGe dc f Sh ,G FdG IOLG

H eh .G eCG H N e dEG Yj e eh ,QdG IYO
Sh ,dG LQh SGh IJSCG e dG jdG H eDG
je Y Wd) .G GH ANCG Gj CG c ADd J
N Ge'' c IAGb jCG QdG jH G eG e
.( ''dG
V G gh ,Ic G FdG Y J dG eG EG
.eCG H iS f d S g fh ,VGG g Y J
J dG IQb Y J S dG eCG g N e dh
q QGe aJ Sh ,LCG e Gh dCG FdG g N dG
EG dP Jh ,J a QGSH d GhJ CG Yh .d dG
.jNBG

11

ne ond oun oj nr oG oAn r SnC G ond Qo u n oG oQp ndG opd nG dG n go }

.24 jBG ,G IQS |o p nG o j p n dG n g hn p V Qr nC G hn pG hn n s dG pa

12
e HC G dG
dG Wf
ZdH dh ,q dG M IU IM g HCG dG
dG GQG Ea ,dP Y ch .YGdG jZ dP e
FdG g JT b dG J dGh ,IQdG fhJ
fCGh H GQG g CG GhJ ...QGM .IdG
ah o Gn bo j HCG dG C QG e T EG hJ
. d
rp dG fE ebCGh Qd aZ HCG dG in bo a
.dG Gg e AL iS d gh ,d aZh
kef HCG dG Y Lj fCG c Gg e ZCGh
bQ gOL C WdG AGdG EG LM da,Fd kUN
Y j CG EG j dG Y Ea dG Gdh .Gq L

13
Gk Oe dG g jh ,f bdG HWdG eh IQGG e e LQO
AGd J dG Gg j dG Gda .JdG Gg NG GPEG H
dG fCG Y dEG j dG AG j fCG c ,dG NGO dH
.SGH HWdGh IQGG q jh VQCG gj
- dG dG g j dh -dG CG EG fG T H fCGh
qj CG dc eCG e jh ,f BG Ic ATCG j CG Y
g MT e Ea ,dP EG aXEHh ?dc dCG ,ke J
.HCG dG H j Ic Y e H AL iS
CG TYCG JQG CG HCG d iNCG FG H eh
EG j jS QGfEG j QGG c j eYh ,QeCG S EG j
ojh ,G bH fYEG ShDhH QGG SGq G jh .eCG Gg
GH eBG e EG IdG GdG OHEG jh ,VdH IG e L
QGH Gh G aZ EG ODG G ZEG j YHh ,dG Y
h ,G G Ujh HCG dG e cdG b jh .UN
dP KEGh .GdG e eH G dG ZEG j b YS N
J ah HCG dG jh .NGdG dG AfEG dG j
.GVG hCG N CG bh hO H WG XH j Oa ch ,

14
jd Ib Ia YCG g H dG Y HCG dG IQb EG
g CG Z .gOGaCG H a Hd ee ef g CG d j
dG G FdG a :HCG dH J ge iNCG ee
Wf'' SG Y f CG e Th ,dG Gg c U
!!AY Fc g FHCG j eQU eCG GAGLEG Vhh ''dG
FdG g J c ,M !!AT CG iJ Gg H J gh fEG
?eJ J ch ?Y JEG e QdG GH
Idh fEG dH SCG g Y j QdG IYO EG ,f
TYCG g e H Aa ,WN GL T H Gg qGC H .''aOG''
CH YbEG Y kdO j CG j HCG dG j dG GdG ke
dG jdG dG Ga .dG Gg e J CG aOG
VdG J CG hO YCG e YCG dG Gg H j eh ,TYCG
.d J b dG Gg j e EG .f AJ e kTf j CG
EG fYOh ,fGG e eCG J dG cP dG BGdG jBG H h
f Y dG IQS AL e eCG J H eh .a qfh eCf CG
dG qY dG g fCG EG Lh Y dG f dP EG aVEHh .dG
:IQdG g jBG H AL bh ,LCG e dG j c
s pehn p n s dG n pehn kJ o Ho p n p rdG n pe p p sJGp rGnC p r s dG ndGE p
n Ht Qn Mn hr GnC hn }
n fp o Ho r pe
o o r jn kodPo pHu Qn n o o S p or San pG s n sdG u co r pe p co s oK n o Tp r jn
| nho sn n jn m r n pd mjn B
n pdPn pa sGE p p S s pd Al n p T ppa o ofG n rdGnC
l p n r eo
l G n n T
.69-68 jBG ,dG IQS

15
fCT HCG da
e H j dG CT
e J dG dEG MhCG
da .jEG Y CG ,Y
Gg e dG g Lh Y
M Qj dG -dG
dG jdG jDhQ Y
Y IQdG -a j
H H a UGdG
e dc Yh ,dG
dG gh ,a Y j
UY e GQe dCG
.NCJ hCG J hO Xh Oa c j c dG

m pdNn r pe r gn r or nYn pdG n n r pf Gh o co Pr G p S s dG n jt GnC jn }

sfnC an n go sGE p n ndGE p np VQr nC Ghn Ap n s dG n pe r obo Ro r jn pdG o r nZ
.3 jBG ,Wa IQS |n oan Dr oJ

16
fGG id eC G GAGLGE
e fGG H J e dG dG N dGRYEG gGX e
j CG e GL J FdG e da .f j GAGLEG
Y ch .fCG j eRdG GAGLEG PJH J K ,WG e
HH TYCG GQL j HCG dG CG e HS fOQhCG e dP
TYCG NGe GQL J a LdG
q adG eCGh .gc e j
.dG NGO EG NdG e G gh FGYCG q dCG H UN GAH
AGYCG j eYh ,IU iNCG aZ Y NGO J cdG Hh
.dG dG J NGO dG NGO EG
,jG e QU f dG H LJh
j jG jH G da
dG Ie Y jZ Y C
GPEGh .G J EG NdH
J dG dG Y QOZ
YH j fEa HhH
Ne Y cjh NBG a
Ea dP EG aVEHh .G
XdG H j dG dG
Gd K JM aj CG
.dG

17

TYC G cH Qq dG fhJ dG QdG J

gh .NGdG GE FGYGC NO J M
.dG HH T HH J TYC G

18

AH SGH dPh AG eGC FGQ TYGC AH SOdG J

.UG OhdG

19
d fEa TYCG g EG Ndh ,AG TYCG SdG jh
GNCGh .g EG aj jS Ib g C dEG j CG Z MCG eEH
.jS aZ cjh Y EG jW f jf Y SdG j
dG ddG feEG f d ac gh ,eCG H a g EG
Ea ,fG GPEGh .f j aJ G FdG g H J
L Ea dP e ZdHh , M Fc Gfj CG AGYCG
.gUh bd jQhdG GAGLEH Jh gAGYCG GL J FdG
Y e ZdH -QY j CG hCG HCG dG j CG Id G eh
.NBG M Fc FN a -d ceG
GJ CG g .fCG Gha ,GL eCG Gg GJ Mh
Y b e hJ fCGh hCG gd jDhQ Y fGG MCG FN
?j h Oj ch j jCG GJ CG g ?WEG
Hc GJ CG eEG GG Gg Y T GaJ a . Z Gg dH
.GG Gg G Y gMCG Kj CG hCG ,H G FG GhCGJh
Y CG fGG J c dG Gg Y eCG c GPEG ,M
GG hCG CG g ?iNCG fGG e gZ CH ee
GAGLEG J dP Hh ?FN Y HCH J K d GhY dG
a . Z eCG Gg CG T ?eG d ah eRdG jG
g CH dGh .HCG H j M adG dG IQdG GM C
e kHVh q e Z GeCG j aOH eG g cG fGG
.gAah jf j d H hCG G FdG g a .dG hVo

20
gOhRh jG e jdGh bdG fCG g fGG e da
fGG EG a f fh .dG qQ dG T H g JM L
f jdH J iNCG GOGYCG g C ,H J dG
.d OhM rjqdG Yh dG IQb Y dO Ggh ,dGh AcdG e

dG Y IOLG UdG
je EG hCG NBG H EG ,a Lf dG G e ,J f f
hCG UH EG UN H fh .fS G j fYj e EG iNCG
ja .GHCG b e dEG gf e EG fS j eY jN EG
YJ a UdG eCGh ,a Lj dG G ae Y fEG YJ
g f IOdG fh .dEG gS dG G G j Y
h dEG gdG jf dG G EG f dHh ,fZ Cfh FSdG
FdG d eCG c fCG a a Gg eCG c GPEG ,M .f
c e dH N g ,dP Y ch ?JgG O CG iNCG
CG H Ie c H EG OJ CG AGdG YCG gh dG J
?RdG AGdG d
HCG dG e fdG MGdG J dG ''AGOdG AGdG ''h
fCG e ZdHh -dG a .G FdG g iMEG g SG
AGdG Sh gG O CG J- jN h UH e
.EN
q GC JJ CG hO Y EG OJh GWCG eGe

21
J Mh dG hT e JQG IGG LQO GC J ,AGdG
JH e dG j G IQGG g h .LQO 70 EG IQGG g
bj J AKCGh ,JH Y e 200 ae dG jh .FGZ Y d
.Ic adG a kjW e q e EG dP H Oj K ,NBG EG M e
a ,adG g H jW qj CG dG CG GQJ dh
eYh .ke jW kSGQ H f ITe j AGdG Y j CG O
e ae Oj dP Ea f dG H dG j dG aG f
dG EG gH Oj K AGdG ke fEG j c 40h 35 H

IdG dG g J
jW fG LJ dG
J GC hO AGdG
dG jG eGC .UdG
fE a YC G LJ
dG jdG hgJ
.dG g J

22
CG dG d c ,M .e e jW e e fG dG
?H dG fEG Y qM j dG dG GH dG J
c a .eeCG IOLG LCG EG dH jW O CG d
dG e J CG dG edG e dN J OJ AGda ,AT
eda .GdG hCG AG hGLh QdGh QTCG e gG j
a .T eCG e J a edG g Lh GPEG Mh ,e c J
K bGe jh Y ATCG g CG dG Y G
gCG cCG f dG Gg Y dG Yh .JgG j j
UG cdG H g dYCG REG dG a .Y REG dG
.L H j dG
cQ dG dG Ggh .gG jd UN f dG Y Lj
a .gd IOG BG L e GQJ cCG fY J dG
jd a jDhQ dG j f gGf dG YTEG H
j jCGh dG j jCG j CG a ,dM dG Y G
.G

23

n pe bk Rr Qp r o nd
o p r jn n en dG phOo r pe nho o r jn hn }
nan n o p n r jn nhn k r nTp V Qr nC Ghn pGhn n s dG
|no nr nJ n r o rfGnC hn o nr jn dG sGE p n ner nC G pd GHo p r nJ
.74-73 jBG ,dG IQS

Z ,GL jb bh EG AdG FN ae e j fEG EG

fEG CG M JOh e Jh AdG UN J dG qCG
d gG cdG CG T h .FG g j
fCG Y j CG dG e GfCG g e
CG H FG a .AdG aOd f
hCG dG e dG id IOLe J
H EG LdG Y gY Ea EGh ,gOLd
. Z c JM j FdG AGdG
q M
bdG VQCG IOLG dG OGaCG a
hCG dG e dG H OhR
q b VG
g d N dG g dG J dGh .gOLd
.dG

24
adGh dG H jdG hdG
,VGeCG d Jh U OJ KGL a f e c LJ
H IM OJ jCG a JM EG dH GN e KGG gh
J fCG Mf fEa FdG g eCf eYh .G FdG
M OGe Rj e da .KGG g e jd eRdG GAGLEG
dG j dP Hh .HhG J KCJ J IOG gh ,f j
j dG CG .jCG eLCG Yh H GQL Y IOG g dEH
dG e dc H fCG GL j H a f j OGG g
.a j dG
h ?ATCG g c j CG dG dG Gd eCG c ,iJ a
H a .UG JfeEGh JQb e Hf d eCG Gg CG T
EG :bh ,fa GPEGh .e eRdG FbdG HGdG PJG e KGG
Z KGG g dG IOG j K eKG j CG d H qdG
?IOG g j CG d eCG a .IQV
.e eCG Gg d
e jd MdG AGLEH fEG j
g CG Z ,KGG KCJ
GG J MdG
e jdG AGLEG H

25

KGL qGC j dG G GL dG FdG Gg GE

jh .HGdG H j dG Gd ,dc g H J
J da .KGG g e H j eG e f fE H
.eC G Gg dG dGC dG Mh g

26
c hj jdG g a Gg c fL EGh .QdGh dG
Q hCG ,KCJ fOCG d j d S MdG g Ea EGh ,YCG g
.fEG L Y IQV GKCJ GP J a dP e dG Y
fCG c VG GH ae jCG jd d Mf e a dG EG dHh
Y H eCG MG Gg e dG EG H .G Gg J CG j
g c j gh fdG g EG AL dG CG GL VGdG a .G
.ATCG
dG Q da ,eG H dG OhR dG g bQN Ib K EG
e f H j dG jdG Yh dG dCG dG g AT H dGh
.KGG

27
dG jdG dh ,adGgh NBG M Fc e NBG e BG NCdh
,adG YREG jCG J KGa .KGG e f jM j
dG Gdh .L M OGe dG e RJ FdG g CG Z
ada .AcqdG jZ gh G d M Lh b adG Ea
,jQ N a dG JCj M Jh ,a OJh dG H EG gJ
IOG J J jdG Hh ,cCj Y MH jdG H dG Na
e OSG b QdG j dG Gg Yh .adG jH KGd JdG
CG j CG Qd jCG a ,M !!KGG e L Wh IOG J
IOHEG Y IQOb IOG g CG Y ch ? IOG g e j dG
?L IOLG KGG
dG Gg dG CG fEG cG d
ASHh .Ic H AGLEG H jG
Ea fGG Y G
.eG g j SdG ZCG
jCG fCG fCG dG ZCGh
CG H EG G g GaJ
eCG .dG Gg CGb
a dGh adG

28

|n o pb jo m r n pd
l jn GB mHs G On r pe to jn en hn r op rNn pahn }
.4 jBG ,KG IQS

GMCG CG e ZdHh ,dP EG aVEHh .JOh e ATCG H Y Y

dG J dG EG LH eY fEa b e dP j
.KGG e d
Y QdG IQbh ,L IOG g j dG CH QdG ae EG
g FdG jd dG Gg Y da ,IMh M EG fOj dSG
J FdG L CG Lh Y dG j dG jBG g h .J dG
:Yh eCH
. 116 jBG ,IdG |n opfbn ond wco p V Qr nC G hn pG hn n s dG pa ne ond rnH}

29
QdG SG :adG
hCG QTCG Y eEG J dG adG TYCG jCGQ GfJ CG H
PdG H iS d Jh .dRe T hCG YhL T
adG e YGfCG g dh .adG e faJ dG GfCd
.a dG EG a Yj eCG gh ,TYCG e J GL Ic TCGh
LJ dG dG W e Se H TYCG adG L J :khCG
GfCG a .dG MGS Y J dG adG :dP Y ch .a
e ch .J j T Y AG S Y TYCG J adG e
J e j dG H j dG dG dch OGe e j
e NGH eh dG Ea AG ie Jj ea dG Gg Yh .UN
dG dG e FG g J FdG gh .hQj GdG
CG GMCG e H h .eCG Gg J CG J CG hO a dJ
adG CG VaG GPEG a ,edG Qhe e dG g adG J
CG eCG Gg EG K .AT CG J CG b J fEa jGdG HL
dG hCG dG eh - adG C WEG Y j
ch ,YCG g REG GC J -dG MS Y a LJ
.NBG QdG j dG f dH Y j QY
J a ,dG M J dG adG H eCG
M dPh Y JQG Y h TYCG GQL
H dG QdG Ggh .jdG g H dG j
Y j dG CG Y c ,jdG H Y

30
.HdGh dG jZ aJ j QdG CG g Mf a ?WS
j QdG Ggh ,MdG WG j adG e NBG f gh
ceCG g IQGG LQO C TGMCG Sh j H AGdG Y
GdG H IQGG ba g CG j ZCGh .LQO 10`H bCG J
ceCG TYCG a ,dP J adG g dh ,TGMCGh
.jdG G e NGa h f M IQGM bCG

TYGC AH QdG J
d QJh jd e H
aJ UN ceGC TYC G
.jG a

31
aY YSG c GhJ CG ej dH N g
?HG H J CG AcP h Y h dG GH
J Ic eGYCG b Se YCH T adG g aJ EG
QGe bO HM j CG SG j e H AH a .VGG g
e Mh .AfEG dP H GC j K ,AdG G OGGh dG eS
ah TYCG J jCG adG Ea de hCG e N e g eb
h BG jCG EG dh .e d
g c J a ,eCG Gg J CG EG
.Y e gjEG dG dCG e H ATCG
Y dO YCG e H J eh adG a
.a f dG edG dG N

n dG sGE p hn p VQr nC G pa en hn pG hn n sdG pa en o nd}

.64 ``jBG ,`G IQS |o p nG t pndG n nd

32
AdG IM id adG f
WG J dG GG e Ic GfCG g AdG e Y
Ga .AGdG dG hCG OdG IT H VQCG e IOQdG
.VG Gg FSG G H g CG Z ,jd bQ Fc
bQ hJ gdG a ,TGdG J dG ''acdG'' IM dP eh
dG Gdh .SQdG AdG OH M e q H dh ,GL
.''AdG GM'' SG GG g Y WCG a
H Hj KG ML GP gh ,TGdG J g AdG Ga
LQO J CG j GdG e IG g J dh .U H
CG Gh .je LQO 30 OhM QdG a Lj dG G IQGG
U eY H g GG g a J dG WG IQGG LQO
.dP e bCG M hCG LQO
.IOhdG H H JM Y a CG IG d eCG c ,M
dG eh ?cG Y bJ eY FdG g hO j dG e
?IOhdG g GdG e
e dG Gg L h Y dG N d
.ad UN H GOhe GG
FN Y j dG Ggh
.NBG dG H j
g J CG bh ,hCG MG
dG J NCJ IG

33
IG eYh .LCG h FdG
,QdG e IQGG LQO JJ YH LCG
LQO U e IQGG LQO J JQG Gg Hh
iMEG gh .dP e YCG EG Mh je LQO 30 E G
j h .JM Y G e J M IG d IG FG
!!GdG e J d L AdG IM J CG
IQGM H dG H IQGG J IG J CG ,GdG a
dG j e JQGM J AdG Ia .H G G IQGMh L
a ,j M IG ja ddh .JQGM SCdG OLG
.JM Y H a d iMCH hCG ,J d NBG f EG LM
UG cdG N e LG g d ah Jh fS dGh
bh .hdG e IQGG dG e c H e Ia .L
H G GG CG G AdG gGLCG dG HCG H
dG GG IQGM H JJ e QGe Je JQGM LQO JJ IdG
.IdG g
gh .IOhdG e AdG GM H dG dBG H a
fCG T AdG IM Y gfcP dG FG
EGh .f IG OLd hCG dG e Lh
gh .VJh OdG e GG g Ea
gh- GG g id IOLG FG

34
J fCG cDJ -iNCG GG id IOLG FG Y J
aj Jh fS da .jW J EG M j eCG Ggh ,aOH
.JM Y a d FdG d e dG HGdG g N e JQH
L OLh j fCG J dG fj dG BGdG jBG iMEG h
:G FdG
gn s n n r eo o nr jn hn n bo Rr Qp pdG nYn sGE p p V Qr nC G pa mHs G On r pe en hn }
.6 jBG ,Og IQS |m peo m n pc pa w co n Yn On r n r eo hn
dG IQb ie Qf G FdG dG FG g EG
eY ,jCG fCGh .cCa cCG jJ d h H fEG h ,dG fJEGh
jJ GgJ CG cZ EG fhCGJ dG eG g J
.J dH fEG

35
?jW GE dG S j c
a .U Z Ga LJ dG g a QdG CG J c GPEG
Kf S dG Gg h .dGh dG ILe Ic iNCG Fc
.dG S gh ILG jdG FdG MCG b Y
Gg NCjh .G Hj CG J dG dG e dG S dj
j dP H K .dG e Y j HSCG H I dG dG
Oj b g MQ AKCGh ,a Lj dG dG jW dS dG f
dG dG W e H IdG hjh ,dG Gh OhdG eeCG
dG EG j ,YG g c e j CG Hh .cCG jj dG
MQ GC j fEG Y QOb fCG jh j eYh .GYCG IY g jh
.jL e IOdG
.a dh dG hCG G EG UdG g IOdG e dG gh
dG e dG Gg j dG aa ,Ib aG CH GhJ dh
bGY Kh .TCG Id J MQ fCG j Ggh .c1500 fMCG RhJ
.ag EG j M dG S S VJ Ic

36
EG dH gCG Qh ,hCG Gh
a f dG G Y QdG g dG
LhN e Ie H dG EG qdG e Ie hCG
dP OLH OJ IOdG dG MQ C dG e
dG S OGaCG e Oa CG j h .hCG MQ S dG G
j dG G Y j CG IMGh Ie a ,WEG Y E G
.AG i e
H Ad cG G MdG GC j AG i Nj CG Hh
dG b Y C HdG
q jZ IG g Y CG Z .U
a BG eCG ,dG Y Yj c AG Qa ,S fc hCG MQ
ch .YCG EG d e a dHh ,ce H dG j
H d dG S H j dG ca ,IQdG hJ
j dh .SCGQ e EG IOdG EG FGQh e j dG
dG G Y QhG EG MCG H e a ,dG e dG
H qHJ dG QdH qJ IOdG J dG G g CG Z .dG
.iNCG Se fGMh Hq dH dc e Jh ,cCGh Y Vfd
fCa .ATCG g Y dG S IM OJ dG WG J h
CG dG S Yh ,dG J QfCd IjY Yha g CG aJ
JMQ gh .a dh dG dG G EG Oj dG dG EG j
.EN
q GC Jj CG hO dG G Ie c Qj CG j
H e MGdG dj CG GJ :dG G GJ CG GdhM BGh

37
GC jh dG Gg j b j CG Hh .Yj K ,G iMEG e e
Y Hh .c 1500 ae jh ,IjY jC ae jh ,dG
q
CG G e g ,jCGQ a .a dh dG dG EG Lj CG jj NBG
dP b j fCG M dG EG Ojh H e dG QGdG cj
dG S eCG ,dP j CG Fc C fEG ?IMGh Ie iS
.U H jW jh dG GH dG j a
S H j dG dG a H HCG e jdG jLCG bh
S CG gOe f EG HCG g UJ bh .jW dG
.dG SM GSG jW Y jW j dG
jW j CG j -UG fCG cJ H- dG S EG
FGQ AG e i dh .dG c e e dG SM GSH AG
HT Gj e gh dG S j dG hCG MdG Nh .H UN

38
IOdG Yh .IMGh IMGh JcGP FGhdG g j
.JOh e EG UJ M FGhdG J j
S d ch ?bQG q dG g J CG c
S Vj GPh ?J CG hO jW Y j CG jM Ode
e MG fGG LGjh dG a d JM dG
dG a ,dP EG aVEHh ?SCGQ e EG Lj CG LCG
g dG Vh LCG e H g LCG e YG g j
.G
dG S N dG qGE :SCG g Mh GL g
J dG g JgG j Y YJ dG fCG g d Nh
iNCG G FdG H CT fCT da .d q M dG
G c QHCd j dH gh ,HdG dEG ah j
.dEG
BG jh Wd f Vj dG dG S EG
bdG GedG
dP Y K e-f
NBG dO-dG jGH
.QdG jf Oa Y
QdG jf IYa
G FdG CG Yj
h ,e GU dM g

39
,fCG Z .Ib q TCG FdG iS IG MS j GdG Gg jf
FdG H hdG e IjY TCG g Ea jQdG YGe Yh
.FHCG IM jM LCG e d JM Vj AHBGh eCa .G
dG fhCGS dG eCG dP hJ S ch - H
.dG H YJ dh SLCG e Fc g Ea -eOdG
dG J dG FdG Y MGh e iS dG S dh
.FHCG LCG e
e b GOY j a dh dG G EG dG S j CG Hh
MH dG Y LGj a dP eh ,b eH gH K dG
dG S id gjCGQ dG dG e gG g eh .bdG
J da ,WS Gh .GMCG e H gJ CG QdG jd
Ggh .dG e tHQ dCG e ah J FdG gh ,dG dN g
:SdG e dCG hC IY G g dG
. 66 jBG ,dG IQS |kIn r p ndp n rfnC G pa r ond sGE p hn }

?AG dG j c
j dh ,AG cM YSh dG fd ie aJ c
CG a ,jOY Z cH j CG EG LM a MdG dG
H g cG a f .YH j d Th jP j
iNCG fCG H Hh AfG Y dG OY IQb
.L IOLG
dG dh ,Ic bW j dG j eY
da .jW I AG Ic YH MdG dP
H Ic YS EG j dh ,cQ dM j
da .IFGR bW U EG j Le
g dP dGh ,dEG dH GL e LG
.jOdG e QGdG IQhV
j AG gh da dP EG aVEHh
c b Gha fCGh .AG GQJ LGe dG EG QGSH
fh S dG j c HHh ?AG fh U dG j
S Y dGh AG dG H dG GhJ d BG GfQb K .jdG
.HdG
OdG dG UG cdG EG OJ dG H j dG IdG qEG

j dG dG dch dG Oda .jd dGh dG

cM dS dG Gg Y eCG j dh ,jbh Gv dG L
j d j dG Od UG cdG CG Z .AG dG
,Gh eCG EG a J dG cM C dH MdG dG
jCG OY H CG ,hfh GOU cG Y Qj dG CG a
SGH H dG dG j cG gh . Z J JM Ea
.L ae NBG f
ScCG g A dG jh .FGg ScCG LJ dG LCG a
S EG j eY ScCG g jh ,AG YCG Uj eY AGdH
.AG

Qp n s dG hn p r sdG pnpNr G hn p VQr nC G hn pG hn n s dG p rNn pa sGE p }

dG nn rfGnC nehn n SsdG on rnj n pH p rndG pa p rnJ pdG pro dG hn
r pe n pa sHn hn n pJr en n r Hn n VQr nC G ppH n Mr nC an Am en r pe Ap n s dG n pe
Ap n s dG nrnH p s n oG pns dGhn p nju dG pj p r nJhn msHG On uco
.164 jBG ,IdG IQS |op r jn m r n pd m jn B p V Qr nC G hn

42
QGSH j dG CG e Zda :eCG Gg ej a g ,M
e I AG H GPEG a ?dP e Qj c AG S
a dG eCG .fOL QJ IG J dW GPEGh ,KCdG GC J fOL Ea
.LQG L S Y eh U W K C Gg e AT d j
dG g J dh .G NGO EG PdG e AG dG gh
dHh ,RGdG Nh NGO EG AG dh ,dG L Qd IOLe

43
,WEG Y j dP e T CG Z .G N EG dG Vj
.AG Sh JM dG UGj Ggh
FG g VQCG S Y J dG dG GfCG L EG
dG SCG id IOLe FG g Lh .Ue H dh
gh ,dG je e J SCG gh .jW eRCH BG b TY
Me h .VQCG Lh Y Lh CG e jdG cdG Gg
b TY SCG EG OJ dGh BG YY dG GG jH dP
SCG J H a fCG VH J GG gh .dG je
eCG Ggh .VG bdG IOLG SCGh VG TY dG
.N b fCG ,IO OLdG EG X SCG CG d j
FG L SCG e dG g a e qch dG dN J dGh
.G FdG L L e H Y Lh Y dGh ,H J dG
S e Ie H QdG fhJ dG IQdG GE
SC G fhJ dG IQdG eGC .GL b eR TY
IG dG f e dG j Pd a ITe
.H a GC Lj fE a hJ ch .f

44
Y hcG j jGC e
?FdG eG
j e Ggh ,eS gQhH J JdG H
e Yf g CG Z .cCG dhj jdG AGYCG
.eS fc e ZdH QhdG g Y ij jeCG j GhdG
!!Id e eCG AdG Gg Sh
Gg AdG FW j ,QhdG g e Fc CG j dG bdG a
jCG fCG fCG T h .iPCG
q GC d j dP e ZdHh cCG Y
?dc dCG ,jdG IgdG d Y
gG jCG dEG L ''hcG'' Y WCG dG AdG e dG Ggh
QKCG IgX AdG M FdG Gg J Y .dG LQ e MdG
.gO
YH j ,ddG FGdG dG GP QhdG g ''hcG'' cCj CG a
,dG QdG EG j G J EG j eYh ,jU e H
g Ia ,Y Y d cG gh .j K jh b e NCjh
dG Gg j Ggh .dhJ dG Qhd dG KCdG gJ fCG QdG
.iPCG CG H j CG hO dH QhdG J

45

cC j gh ''hcG'' j dG AdG e dG Gg IQdG hJ ch dG Gg GC b d

Gg S e d ,dG Gg GhGC J GC b IQdG g jGC Q fGC dh .dG QdG
gC Gh .dG QdG hcG cC j GP aJ B G fGC Z .dG Gg c cQOGC h FdG
Y GYGh jNB d Gg Ga .dG Gg hcG Y dG g J dG GC aJ dP e
.Lh Y dH fGE IOjR

46
GP g QhdG J CH J dG eG Y FdG Gg M c
?QhdG d dG KCdG H jj dG jdG Y ch ?Jb S KCJ
d jG IOG CG Yh ddG Y J J b j CG g
.j dP e T CG T ?dG dG dP LJ
Z hCG eS dG Gg c EG dG O ,j CG fEd fEG
j dh .dG Gg KCJ dGREG j c j CG M h .S
MCG QSG j CG hCG VG Gg J J b j CG H dP
b dG Gg CH dG GMCG e M CH h .aQdG G
h .jW Fc d KEG QhdG J id FG g cG
fEG CG Gh ,aOH eG g EG UJ j CG hcd
hcG dCG dG EG .G Gg e Y J H EG dEG Uj
.AT H dGh AT qc dN J dG g eG g

dG n nNn en r p po rfGnC pa Gho s n n jn r nd hn GnC }

u n dpH sGE p n o n r Hn en hn n V Qr nC G hn pGhn n s dG
r p Hu Qn Ap n p pHp Ss dG n pe Gk pcn sGE p hn v neo m Ln GnC hn
.8 jBG ,hdG IQS |nh o pa nnd

47
FdG SdG
dG T
q c ghJ CG dG dG T TC ej fG g
?T H J dG G J dG g cdG CG aJ g ?e
?gdGh YEd Ie FH J dG g CG aJ gh
IOLG dG T YU G dG CH S gh
!GAfEG Se ej dG dG NBG f g jG
g Ea Y Hh .JT Yd fe EG cdG
cdG H d .IT YL H J g hCG ,jQGL H HJ dG
.GMGh S hCG IMGh L ee T J H YQH J
CG GdhM BGh .c H Ye fCG dG T N e jh
.fY eCG d MS e GhJ
jW Z QNG EG hCG j T jJ dG GC j CG b
dG SCG f j eYh .dG GWCG WN j K ,eh
bj IO ae EG j CG Hh .G RGaEG f bdG UGj
,
q b H JRaCG dG G T dP H GC jh .G RGaEG jh
G j CG Hh .Sb T Y dG j jdG h
.dG e NBG dG j e jb GT GOhe
NGO T f j dG g J eYh
.SdG dP

48

49
c d fS dG e .GL Gha BGh
H J jQGL H Ge dW N hJ
Gg hJ fCG ah ?G fh Ge ae
:G g jG cY MCG a c d f fYO eCG
J CG dHh ,KG Z H cT dG j IOdG
CG Z .cCG J jdG Y G Ua Ea dHh ,Ic dG
JQb e j eCG Ggh .Gv T bCG J- f bdG - dG
a Qh .e qM Lj CG dG Y j gh .jdH eEG Y
q dG j eY IjL T f EG j CG Y dG CG
NBG H j IjL T j CG H dG EG ,c .hCG dG
K .VQCG EG N RGaEG GC jh dG ce EG JCj .HGdG jZ
dP Hh .IU IM a Ha VQCG EG G G SCGQ EG j
HH j K ,VQCG Y e IG a G jh dG EG Oj dP
g J jdG h .GL HQ dG SH IH j dG G
.dG EG dH L q T eY SCG EG dG IG
U d G Ggh ,cMCG Y EG Oj CG j G Gg e EG
AdG Sg e d e c EG dH H a dEG dH
.Jh dG g J a cdG eCG .GAfEGh
ch ,ddG dG H cdG Y jCG e ,M
je e dG g J cdG EG K ?eGSG
g GSG cdG J dh .Jd YU dG

50
aG a .dG GH g ''e'' e d H dG
aGh IOGQEG g EG .f dG GHEG e d
de H dGh AT c Y QOdGh AT c dN J dG dEG e
.a Y j e FdG L eh AT c

jdG FdG :SJdG

.dG hCG jdG AGS QdG YCG Y gT L
dPh IQe q L UGZ G hdG J QdG YCG Udh
.dG dGh aSH dG H hCG eCG jM H eEG
BG g :dG dG Y g QdG YCG YCG g G dGh
GaEG GPEGh .YCG EG J AG e KCG J eYh ,AH C UGZ
J UGdG g Ea AGdG V SGH UGdG g OLG AG
.AG S EG jL e
YCG G dG Gg j Y Fc Y Kf S BGh
e) b H Fc g SJdGh .SJdG g FdG Ggh ,dG
Gg L Y Ljh .UGdG e e QdG e Ujh ,(QH
19 gb j IH e Y-IQdG dP hgJ e- GG
.GS
gh .dG H Je ''Ud'' N 28 dG Gg Ljh

51
EG j SJdG CG ,f jdH QdG YCG J jG
f JG jW Y AG YCG aJ j AGdG Ggh .G AGdG
e UN e dG Gg GVh a SG EG dHh .e
j M ZdG AGdG GH d jCG e SJdG dh ,M .UGdG
?AG
e NBG GgT iNCG Ie eeCG j GDdG Gg Y GG EG ,f
Ggh ,UN RZ fEG j SJdG L NGO a .J dG Y gGT
aj dG g RdG Ggh ,jedG IQhdG SGH GG EG j RdG
j CG SJdG j dG Gg Yh .GG J e hG EG AH
S EG CG YCG EG OdG hCG SCG EG hdG SGH AGS FGYCG e
QJ H Ic a FdG Gg dj CG j dG aG eCGh .AG
J dG aG RhJ a .YdG UGdG J dG aG e
dH e 4000 ae j CG feEH SJdG Ea ,e 400 UGdG
.Ic
SJdG H a GC Lj fGC GE fG g
e GL jW bh b TY dG (SC G )
.dG j dG SJdG Hh edG

52

o Nn GnC nhn pfG n gn r bn hn pdG pa pf Lt n oJGnC n bn o eo r bn o Ls Mn hn }

k rYp Am r n T s co Hu Qn n p S hn k r n T Hu Qn An n jn rGnC sGE p ppH nco p r oJ en
.80 jBG ,fCG IQS |nh o cs n n nJ nan GnC

f M LCG e g EG jdG FdG Gd L dG dG Ggh

Gg Y M b FdG Gg j CG g ,e d BGh .a eCfh
a .UG g a SJdG EG K ?aOG jH dG
H hJ Ic ae EG dJ eYh ,GL Y V Lj dG
Ea dEG dHh .AG OLG dG S dG Ggh ,dG c
f JJ cCG f eYh ,GL b IOdG j a KDj dG dG
CG e ZdHh .Jb dG Gg j dG e e ae Hh ,dG
eY M KCj a LQN Ib iS h U Fc SJdG
.WCH K Qj V j
a .UN J U EG FN e SJdG CG VGdG
H KCG e WCG M e g Y cQ dG L
g EG gG dG Ga .f AJ e J b j CG GMCG e
iMEG h .e HS H AT c N dG dEG IQdG QKBG e KCG
:a N d fEG J dG YO dG BGdG jBG
.17 jBG ,dG |nh o cs n nJ nan GnC o or jn n r n cn o or jn r n an GnC }

53
YGdG J dG TGdG
FjdG
J Fc a .T c YEG j TGdG e EG
dG G jBG iMEG gh ,G fGWh fG LCH
IMdG G S g LQG G dh .LCG e J dG N
HM H J dG dG GP FdG gh .TGd
ch-J CG LCG e a dP eh .G e
LQO L j CG j -b e dP MT
J dG e jS if dG Gdh .e IQGM
?TGdG
IQGM LQOh J CG J SdL TGa a
ML H J dG g h .LQO 28 e bCG L
TGdG Jh .OY T dG TCG EG gX LJh
aGWCH OJ gh ,LQO 40 EG JQGM LQO J M ac IQH
cG Hh .aCG H dG TCG NCJ Ggh .LQO 90 EG
JLQO bCG Uh b dG TCG fS KCJ j
.VfG TGdG L IQGM GC Jh
H LJ dP EG aVEHh
e dG Gg LCG AGOS
J gh .TGdG

54

a ,e CG LJ dG g CG Z .TGdG L IOLG IQGG

dG e j Gg Hh .fd LM cCG G ceCG LJ
,G We H EG LCG YH J dG dG e IQGG f
.IQGG g f LCG e Ib UCG b J aG C dP
IQGM f LCG e He HSCG j TGdG e NBG f g
.LCG J LCG e J a ,SdG j a .G
,dG AV q dG SdG eCG .IQd LLdG SdG dP eh
dSG jdG H h .e f IQGG Ie a
TCG H J M SdG J a ,jdG TGa eCG .QdG TEG
.IQGd LMG G We gCG dG

55
g JM Ia GW TGdG Ea a T h
fCG c .NBG Ve CG hCG AjdG J J
e jGhdG aCG dc gh .SdG FN J
dG Mh g G dG da .dG TCG e c cCG NCG LCG
gh .ac IQGM J CG LCG e a Y j e TGdG dCG
:N edH dG BGdG jBG iMEG feCj
.52 jBG ,GMCG IQS |k pbQn Am r n T u co nYn o dG n cn hn ...}

hG C G :jdG S
gh .QGSH QU jMh Y H dG j c j
jh .G hCG edG NGO IM T J eY IQH TYCG
j AKCG g h .MG TYCG g NGO edG e I dG
.AGYCG e gQU jM LCG e hdH CGh CG
gQU jH J dG G FdG e dc jdG S jh
dG dG JdG NGO dG H dG fCG Jh .UN H
Hh .JdG QhH bdG H HK dG jh .G LJ
g Xhh ,cdG QhO JCj gh .dG dG fCG J edG e Ia
QdG j M CG ,ej 50 EG 40 e HdG g h .dG fH AdG
.e
j U QGUEH eN IY cdG j dP EG aVEHh

56
H j eedG
SCG
EG jJ dG iNCG
gh .dH QdG
j dG Gg CG j
QOJ jh SCG H
g J da .dG Ye G
j CG jdG cP Y dG Mh
fCT dG Ggh .dG GH QU
iNCG G FdG H CT
eDjh dEG dEd kah j
.f jQGSG dH

57
?Ad YdG G FdG aJ g
dG FdG g EG ?QTCG Y d J dG AGVCG jCGQ g
Jh .Ad YdG G FdG cCG J gh .YGdG g AdG J
FdG cCG e dc gh .eGdG dG X QTCG AJ fCH
.H a dP S f Sh .dG LQ HC N dG G
g J c Y hCG g fh
?AdG G FdG
UCGh NCG GAV YGdG J
Sh g AdG Gg jh .L
dSQ J AGVCa .H HdG
V ad Sh hCG ITd
CG YGdG AGYCG jh .AGYCG
,AdG EG dG N e AS W
.edG Y dG aj dHh
e J fCG a ,GG g FN gCG eCG
J dP ZQh ,AdG e c cCG L
UCG dG Gdh .bdG e QGe CG
e d GdG e Id YGdG
.AdG b

58
J dG AdG Ghj GC LGC e GS e AdG j
dG qGC d cD j Wb dO Ggh . GC Gj fGC Z ,YGdG
.Y hGC f GC hO YGdG N Lh Y

59
AV K AV j CG j fEG CG EG ,HCG L ZQh
.YGdG
Gg IQGH KCj f bdG h AdG fEG Y M Fc IQe qEG
:dG dG Y dP S f CG fh .gdG EG Yj eCG d AdG
cMCG j e GPEGh .IAG HG M IQGM OLh MJ fCa
fgPCG EG QOj b gh .bMG b fCG j fEa e Me e
G eCG g Ggh ?IQGG g H YGdG QJ GP !GDS
dP .IQGG H UCG KCJ AdG J dG G Fda .gd
e f f q Y c aNG J Ad YdG G FdG C
jCG j fC dPh ,''OQdG AdG'' AdG Gd jh .IAVEG LCG
j AdG e dG Gg e fEG Ea ;dG Gdh .QG IQGM
.AdG e dG g J Y GS e AdG jh .GL IaGh H
e ,FV fEH dc J YGdG fL EG M Fc gh
e Ic GfCGh GGh QdG YCG J dG G FdG
AdG fEG jW dG H Y J gh .iNCG G FdG
.Ie FdG g e f ch .Yfh Jeh dSG h
qeDeh AdG fEG LCG e G FdG d dG Gg gGa
aOd c .f FdG d dH ,fCG g jQGSG
h .AdG j CG j dG dG Gg YCG dG g J CG
QV CH G FdG j H eCG Gg Cg J CG dc
dG IQb Ad YdG G FdG g Jh .fEG Y AKCG UN

60

G FdG g UGJ
JM QdG fhJ dG
G QdG YGC
dG AdG f UN H
.J dG d e

61
OhdG H aj FdG g H Lh Y da ,G FdG J
j LGh Y e fCG fEG qcj f bdG gh .G JQbh
.Y h Ff H fCG e dG J dG S e eCG V

J dG G FdG
AdG Jh QdG YGC
fCT AdG fE fCG QdG YCG J dG G FdG
dG G FdG e c OY QdG hgJh .YGdG CT dP
FGYCG gQEG LCG e gAV J eY IQHh .dG b LJ
T e jN jJ FdG g L X Y Ljh .jJh
BGh .AdG fEG e -bCG IOLG WG j- jT
:FdG d edG FG d GdJ
UN IQH ij FdG g e f g
Yh dH iJ dG JdG Y
U jh .IdG dG fGM
IQH dG e H
M NBG f Ljh .AG
SGh H j CG j
FdG e c OY H jh

62
EG aj CG LCG e j M ,e jQ L Y Ljh .G
.AG eCG
eh .NGO Y FN Y Ad YdG G FdG h
J e jL J CG FdG g J , Y fCG :dP Y
.FGYCG e hdGh dG LCG e SdG g Jh .AG
J a jdG GP SCGh ''dG Ac''h ''dG '' eCG
Y adG j OM H L qjo eh ,''cT fGM''
.fLG QdG dch bYCGh QdG MGS J gh .f
Jh .FGYCG e JGP jM LCG e H AdG FdG g Jh
AG AdG e S J CG ja GOYh YQPCG dG FdG g
.g C VJ Y
dSG g Ad G FdG g H J ge UN gCG eCG
J FdG a .dd Pc dG e g fh .jdG d
e e AbQR h AGN AGVCG J gh .dG e 1000 Y Y

n g hn no pfbn o nd w co p VQr nC Ghn pGhn n s dG pa r en o ndhn }

onnG ondhn prnYn on gr GnC n ghn oo p oj soK nrnG GoC n rnj p dG
|o p nG o jp n dG n g hn p VQr nC Ghn pG hn n s dG pa nYr nC G
.27-26 jBG ,hdG IQS

63
H g FdG QGfEG Ggh .YQPCG GWCG
Ge MU G FdG Gg CH hdG YEG
GfCG e NBG f EG BG gfh .AS
Y dG CGj f gh ,''dG ''
OHG LCG e hdG G YQPCG iMEG jh Le
hdG Lj dHh NCG AdG f G GQdG Gg jh .Y
.d ac bh dG Ggh .GQdG g EG gfG
G JQbh dG Y J dG eCG H d eb a ,hJ ch
gh .Ad G G FdG H J dG bQG fCG g
e c b j MCG ZCG h AG J Y K dG FdG
Yf dh .Y h Y M Fc gh .AG e fe eLCG
.dG F dPh IGh gdH dG gCG j e a GMGh
Z dEG fCG J eCG gh .d f dN J dG CG d Vj Ggh

64
dG Ib Qj G g j dGh .AT d MdG dG g fCGh ,dG
dG CG GJ h .J FVQEG LCG e a JM c jh IOhG Z
:jT e oj CH JjBG iMEG eCj J
.22 jBG ,AGSEG IQS | kh o r en ek eo r en n o r n an n Nn GB k ndGE p pdG n en r n
r nJ n}

A q dG Sp f o c
.AdG S Y WCG dG Gdh .AdG j S IQdG hJ
e f jM LCG e bW j GdCG Oe dG Ga
J IO L AGLCG L H UN H dG jh .FGYCG
hCG d S?GPR GDdG Y CG bh .L e j JG
.j ch IOG g fEG j c
e dG aG Lj e RGaEG H dG e dG Gg j
Gg j edG e Ia Hh .dG AKCG dG g jh .G AZ
Jh ,c NGO J dG g Hh .dG
q L L AdG
f bdG h .LQG eGdG e dG SGH f CG
ScCG e dG Gd Xh gCGh .dG ANG eDJ j Y IOG g
j dG GQG S e QdG FGYCG e dG qfGC g dG
AdG S eCG .U Y j IG g Hh ,dG Y ddG JQH

65

SC G LJ dG IQ`dG h`gJ
.AdG S a j dG dG c

66
S e eCe j ,AdG Gg Hh
OLh H FGQ j CG j dG GQG
gh dG OLh EG j dc fEG H ,AdG Gg
.fH eY AdG NGO
EG AdG S UJ c :dG eCG dG j dG g h
GQG S hY CG Y ch ?dG d kbGh kYQO AdG SG
dG IOG g j CG SG ch ?dG SM jW Y Oj
EG ?GQG S Y jdG dG SM e Jh FOg d Ab d J
Y d dH ,G J dSG K L Fc IOe fEG
T c PEG .edG Qhe e cG T d dc gh .SCd Y
GPEG AdG Sh ?IOG g fEG feEH IQdG OLG AdG S
1000 b TY dG Yf j c e ,JOGQEH dG Gg H j
.dP a e Y 10000 b hCG
T H g FGYCG LGe JG IO L H dG b EG
G g EG j CG SG fCG AH Vj Ggh .YhdG jZ Sh
.MCG MGdG dG g QdG Gg Zh dG e dGh .QH

67
id FGdG jdG
dG SGC
LG d e dG Gg Hjh .jd e H dG SCG J
G dG S GdCG Ea IQdG MJ ch .a J dG
jdG GHh ,a J dG LG d e e HJ HCGh MCH
f bdG h ,gOUG W e j Ggh .f CG J
.dG Y d j
dG SCG IQdG fhgJ dG QdG SCG bH GeCJ
dG G Y g HU QdG Y MJ fEG ,dGG dG h
SCG CT fCT QdG YCG J dG G FdG a ,a J
gOLh jo dHh ,a LJ dG SdG Y g dG

68

SGC J
H dG
GC UG fGdGC
QdG J
.GL S H

69
gQhH g Jh .cM N e EG
.dG LCG e jdG fd SG
dG G FdG EG FSQ dc SJh
.f SdG J
L dG eh ?SdG Gg M c ,M
f GAdG LhCGh H ,a J dG IdG e kSe dG L
?IdG IOLG
Gg e dG g dG j CG hCG aOG J CG G Z eh
CG fCG c .a j dG SdG e Se j M d dG
Y hCG ,GdCG H Y Y WdG M hCG G hCG dG J
d eh dG Gg e a .GdCG J dG fCH ae
.Lh Y dG Ib gh bQN Ib e AL b j CG H FdG
c e SdG Gg ghh G FdG L N dG Mh g da
J dG fjh .FG L e dG dc gh .a J Sh
:Jb H Y fCG JjBG
kodPn n V Qr nC G r ond n n Ln p sdG n go o pnG
o p sdG n g hn n nNn r en o nr jn nGnC }
|Qo o t dG pr ndGE p hn ppbRr Qp r pe G oco hn n ppc n en pa Go er an
.15-14 jBG ,G IQS

70
gG FG
dG Sd
.dG hCG jdG QdG YCG gT b GfJ CG G e
CG H jdG J cH jh QG e SdG j dG da
g FdG g CG aJ g dh ,M .egG L b j
J ''dG Sa'' SCG qEG ?fCH j e Y Y Gq L IU
JdGh ddG H eY IQH Jh .GS 30 EG 4 H e dGWCG
e j YQO FdG g h .MdG e jdG WG LJ dG
CG LQO EG jd e QO gh ,fGG N
Z e j jh eY ''dG Sa''
.dH c G
.L e Fb jhGH e dG Sa SCGQ EG
Gdh .NBG S CG Y UG g LJ h
jh ,OY H dG Sa j dG
fCG Z ,SCG EGh YCG EG SCGQ j CG
.ITe dG EG hCG dG EG cj CG j
H Y UG g Lh GPEG ,jS BG dh
Y JQe Y Hh fEa ,iNCG fGG
CG dG EG hCG dG EG SCGQ j
.QUh dG Sa cP

71
Hh ,dG Sa CG Z .IjY Wh ce EG VJ
.cG e dG Gg e j CG L J
N a ,iNCG Y e Y e Y c CG c
H AL c Igeh gG L SGh jH d
.eJ MGH aGWCG ij CG j dG Gdh .je
MdH J M ,gd Ie AG G FdG g cMh
dG Gg jh ,Md c dG Sa h .GL UN f H
VfGh JQG H H dG Sa j RdG e e QGe Y
e V GQGe a GPEG hCG Gg AGdG d QV CG M GPEGh .AG
.dG YCG EG j dG Sa Ea ,RdG
f LJ gh .cCG Je j Ggh
RdG c CG gh d fG j e
.Fa jH V dG IOLG
d Oj J CG Ea dG Gdh
.GG e EG
g d Y dG G gh
RG Gg jh .GL e dG
j jW Y dG SG
CG e e Lh fCG dG Sa
dG Sa CG .OLdG EG X
UCG dP H c edG Qh UG g j

72
.keY b e fc bh IMGh aO Lh FG gh .QdG jf
dG Sa N J dG Ea ,dG bG L G g ch
e c OY e a MGh g dG Sa .f CG hO FN H
Z dG IQb L J dGh QdG YCG LJ dG G FdG
.FfdG Yh IOhG

GdG ce :dG GM
c GPEGh .Ic e a LJ dG WG dG IM jDhQ
FdG YS Y GgT fJ dH fEa ,IG g j
d f CG a faj jdG eCG .IQhG Y gdG JQeh
.RjEH
J eY gh .HcdG IFW IG d LQG dG j
GdG GC Jh J CG f bdG J e G GL Ye
.GdG Y Ia IQb fCG M cG G
dc gh ,gU LJ CG LCG e AGdG J CG dc Jh
LCG cM H dP Jh ,SG VdG Y IQdG d
GQhO H J CG VdG Gg J a ,dP EG aVEHh .jdG
IG g L dG dG g Ggh .ghY EG LdGh G EG
.IQhG Y IQOdG HcdG GFW fEG jG Ldd GQe

73

Lh
dG IM
H e
,M T Ygh
EG QRCG e GC J GdCG Y gX jh
eCG hCG ,LCG e LhR dh ,edG MCG
IOLG LCG e KG aH J eYh .G dGh
.G ML j ,GdG Y AKCG eCG
jG LddG LP dG IM ML T PJG h
M ,''c SQS'' SH dG ahG HcdG IFW fEG dG
IQhG cM Me Hh .SG RL hCG IG IQU T
h .dG H UN 2000 SQ AGdG IG H J dG
gh .GGh OG f LCG e c SQS IFW fGoC eCG jf
.dG Y Ic IQeh cG Y Fa IQH J
IQe fEG ?dG IM Y EG fG g
Y AKCG LG GQhG Y dG Y gQ
Y CG AdG YGh .GL dY YH GdG
Y IM jCG d P aCG IG g
Y Y e Y c h .VQCG Lh

74
f SCGQ jh . SY 30000
eCG Ggh .f dG qoJh .Ic
J ,dG Jg Hh .SGh jDhQ feEG Id qah
.N OLe ge M iJ CG
QNH g gdhJ bh ,IG g FN e b P a g
IG fc g ,FG H MG j GPEG a ,M .jT
feEG c gh ?gU Y Jh LG GQhH J CG J
!!gG L jDhQ d eDJ dG gY d ?FGYCG e dG
Z fCG H j dG IM id OLG dG N CGh
da .a f FH N dG IM CG c .ee Y IQOb
dN iNCG G FdG H e e IG g N Jh fS
.eJ MGH JM UGJ CG J dP Hh ,dG e

75
dG jdG LG :LG
AG LJ
Z Gg CG Z .fe jU ec f Ie hC LG hJ eY
CG e GQd h .M Fc Y IQY g LG CG dP ,U
OGG H RGaE f dG dG Gg jh .MGh Sh J
edG Qhh jH J LG CG Hh .dG H Y KDJ dG
c g J dG SCa .G FdG e c Od ihCe J
OJ dG SCG e jo G S a .H UN FN e f
dG dhG WGh dG NGO J dG hZ Yh ,QdG
.LG NGO LJ
dP eh .NB f e LG J dG SCG S jh

76

77
d J dG SCG H gh .b e Y K dG AdG S
T d a iNCG cdG SCG GfCG H eCG .Y f
GL e kfGdCG a iNCG SCG Hh YG S eCG .e
Jh GOL IOdG SCG g J dG M Yh ,QdG
SEG G LG jH J dG G FdG eh .fGdCG
Gh fWdG CG ,dP ASHh .oG SCG Hh LGh
fGGh JdG Y iJ CG LCG e LG QU f J IdG
LG ec J dG G FdG e dc h .GL bdG
e dG jb T SM J Fc gh ,GQGh dG c S
.eW CG LCG
,QdG YCG J dG IOG FdG g N dG J dG EG
FG H gOhR dGh ,UG Z edG g Vh dGh
Jh fS dG jh .OhG Z Yh FfdG YGHEH aj ,gG
CG feCj dP EG aVEHh .M Fc e N eCG dG IQS
:J f Y f
p sdG n g hn nh o cs s jn m r n pd k jn B
n pdPn pa sGE p o ofG n rdGnC k p n r eo p V Qr nC G pa r ond GnC Qn Pn en hn }

n ro dG i n nJhn n nf o n rnJ k n rMp o r pe G Lo p r n r nJhn jv p Wn k r nd o r pe G oco rC n pd n r n dG n s n S

.14-13 jBG ,dG IQS |nh o or nJ r osn ndhn pp r an r pe G on r n pdhn p pa n Np G n en

78
AG q dG IM
IQGM LQO a JJ e IG dSG a b GfJ CG jo
a h .dG LQO EG dG Jh ,LQO 60 EG 50 He EG QdG
WG g EG .dG c dc Jh QT EG H ,HSCG EG G
Y G FdG e c OY j ah .QdG g Y f dG
.AGdG J dG G FdG e P g gh .hJe Y
dG dG GP dG AGdG J dG G FdG H e
(fG dG ) ddG e dG Gg fPCGh .ddG GfCG UCG gh
QdG IM GL fGJ gh ,ddG H e fQH Gq L Ic
fPCG Jg Hh .HdG IjG Th jaCG a j dG edG
JQG bJ f bdG h .U OLh e Fa YH dG Oj
.JOhH h JQGM LQO
fCG P qdG AGdG J dG iNCG fGG e
bdG J edG Y cH j G FdG Gg (SCG ) .oG

79

.AGd G eGbCG iMEG ajh .jPh eGbCG Oj CG LCG e dPh

j UG Lh fCG M Hh ,GbCG j GK IY Hh
IdG eGbCH edG Y YH hjh .j fCc edG J dG
a dGSCG J dG AGdG OV eCG .IQGG Qd Vj M
AH L IOLG ScCG A J M ,G GN e IOdG
Hh .QeCG QfG GC Jh edG f aJ K QeCG g Y
.eJ MGH AGdG JM UGJ ,ScCG J dG AG Gg
dG G FdG dG cG FG EG fG g d
a ?dc dCG ,d geb dG eCG N e AGdG J
d CG c ,e AGdG IM e Sj H j
Hh .iNCG G FdG H Y FN
e f CG G FdG g YSG UN

80
c ,M ?jd L H dG c dh ,AGdG IQGM
FdG g eG ch ?eCG Gg dG Y hCG YdG aY
g J G FdG g EG dH ?jQhdG fG dG g
IOLG G R J CG J dc gh ,f AJ e QeCG
fj dG JdG fPCG Jg LJ CG J fCG c ,eLCG
gQX hCG e FN eG G FdG a .IQGG e
Ia G ge c EGh ,AGdG JM LCG e dPh OLdG
e AT j fCG Z .G hCG dG hCG ddG IQGG H ILh
dG QU J dG G FdG L Ea UN Hh .Gg
.AGdG JM d eDJ dG FN e f dh .GG g
dN Mh g J dG CG gh ,IMGh M EG fOj Lh
Y QOdG dc gh .FN H AGdG IOLG G FdG
:dH dG BGdG jBG iMEG dP d jh .jje

|o on an r co o nd o o jn n sfE p an Gk er GnC n bn GPn GE p hn p VQr nC G hn pGhn n s dG o j pHn }

.117 jBG ,IdG IQS

81
GdG id UG jdG f
Z .dG IQGG eh AdG IOhdG e dG ILCG EG
jJ fCG LJ M ,jdG fCG cG e hCG g d fEG CG
.fEG j dG jdG RL J G FdG LCG e c OY
.jdG hr H j dGh jaCG j dG GdG c g fh
QGdG SCG J dG iNCG fGG e c OY CT fCT gh
iNCG Sh fC dPh JM UGJ CG LCG e Sh FGYCG e
IQGM LQO JJ FdG YdG g Hh fCG Z .f Y ad
,GdG Y Gc GN VdG Gg Ea Gd .GL m Y H L
IQGM dc e JJ G IQGM LQO JJ eY fCG dP
OHCG GdG e j CG QhdG a dG Gdh .G
gh .IG b Y AdG e j M G H e
PEG GP :dG GDdG fgPCG EG QOj
?GdG
EG fOJ GDdG Gg Y HLEG EG
GRL GdG CG gh ,ja M
fG Lj jd
.G e CG
dP EG aVEHh
Hh GdG
hJ dG iNCG fGG

82
IdG jedG YhCG e G GdG g Jh .d Gb YH
jH j GdG j dG AGda iodG dG Y NGO dG
.YhCG g N e dG dG Oj Ggh ,G Gg
Hh .G EG dG h MGh AYh IdG YhCG g MJ K
.hdG AKCG L IQGM LQO JQH GdG qe KCj dG Gg
dh ,edG eY H Lh j CG Gg e ee ef EG
dG g OLh Y C ,gh hCG e eCG Gg cQOCG dc fCG
.hdG IN hCG e GdG e j G jd QhdG
fCT jH H U GdG Y jdG f Ea G Gg jCGQ ch
AYCG CG .iNCG G FdG IOLG edG CT dP
Yq j c edG Qhe e J G FdG IOLG fCGh G
.QdG jf UCG dP
f e dP e Ue Z ec fCG G FdG a
c f e IMGh b fCG g a dh .GdG Y jdG
dH j e aOe j eCG Gg CG dc d j Ggh .AT
FdG g L dN g GS J dG CG cDj H ,QdG jf IYO
Gg jh eCj CG j fEG c cQj VGh M gh .G
:JjBG iMEG Jh fS dG jh .dG
|n op r nJ r o r co rGE p n o n r Hn en hn pp rnG hn pp r nG
t Qn n bn }
.28 jBG ,AGdG IQS

83
dG Qq f FW IQb
.AGd Rh TYCG Ad Q QTCG H dG Qqf FW j
.YdG ec 40 M EG FdG Gg Q IdG K YS Jh
Y f Lj M ,QV CG Y h d W YS J gh
dh .QV CG d j dG Gg Hh ,Qe UN
j FdG Qe Ea GOLe dG Gg j
.YdG g H b EG
KDj dG GH IdG f c dh
Y IQdG d ,ITe Y
CG j d .QdH SMEG
Qf N Lh Y da !!Gg e AT
dG edG jQhdG FH dG
Lj dG f iG j FdG e Ea dP Y ch .dEG j
e SCG dG LJ dG dG Ea dP EG aVEHh .Qe a
edG g KCJ j dP Hh .edG UeG UN QG
.IdG f AKCG
fHh .dG Qf FW H j dG edG FG H a g
dP eh .H UN ge FN QdG g e f c dP
FdG Ga .QTCG j dG Qf e f gh dG IT Qf FW

84
K H QGSH j
GW G dG hL
jf h .dG a
g dG Gg
EG NJ dG eWh QdH dG
dG g e K c h .AdG a
J dG g CG Z .MGh FW cj
FW c cJ Y jo fC dP ,jW
Gc dG c GPEG a .d SG dG
J CG iNCG QdG J GU FdGh
U dG CG CG dG M GPEG eCG ,dH
EG Nj CG hM GPEG Qj dG g fEa c FdGh
e jW Ia FdG Gg Y HdG Y J dG Gdh .IdH K
.edG
H j dG C dPh .a QdG GH dG Qf Y j
fEa dP EG aVEHh .jL NBH dGSH FdG j CG j Ggh .aL
e dCG 50 GM j EGh ,WH 10 EG 5 He jH a j
IQL Ib g CG Qf dG FG g eCJ GPEGh .Ic IT
T H g IdG g MUh .QeCG g EG FdG Gg TQCG dG g

85
K Y IQdG Q FdG Gg N dG a ,jdG dG dG
.dYCG L Y dG Mh g J dG Ea dP EG aVEHh .QTCG
:Lh Y dG iS dN h dEG g a
o Yr an Am r n T u co o dp Nn n go sGE p n ndGE p n r oHt Qn dG r odp Pn }
|l pchn Am r n T u co nYn n g hn o h
.102 jBG ,fCG IQS

GE QdG ) dG IT IOLG dG dG j dG dG Qf
.(dG ) dG Qf e NGB fh (YC G

86
dG q G hP dC G dG
LJ dG IQdG fhJ dG G FdG
.dG G hP dG j SCG
GfCG H Y dG Gd IG dGh
dG ScCG AGZ j fCG g LdG
a e j f dSH jh .jN LJ
.H
H GJ jG ScCG Ea UCG h
e j fCG Z ,ZQa NGdG AG jh .NQ
Ie WC eW a j CG j M dPh HWdG
G ITe ScCG g Jh .AGdG Gg j CG hO
.dG W

87
LCG e dG j
IMGh IRL dH ,ScCG g Ae
j K ,e OG dG SGH j K fSCG H jh
dG jh iNCG IRG NCjh .dG MCG dP H
CG GG Gg jh .ScCG A j dG GHh .NBG
dG Gg dG Lh NCj Ggh .c c GRL 4 j
.gG dCG

WGC MU (ShOdG) SdG FW

dG ML
W j GPEG ,ML WCG MU dG SdG FW j
QdG JM e FH 92 FdG Gg jh .Ge 3 .5 GM ML
fCG g UN gCGh .HdG Y bWG j h ,MG
FW Sh .bJ CG hO jW Gd GdG j
.UG fGW SCG EG Oj dG dG Gg SdG
j M SdG FW j
ML a AGdG j CG
GHh .jdG eCG a
j CG j dG
CG hO jW Yd

88

GC LGC e edG e I VQC G Y hj GC dG MG MU SdG FW j

.iNC G QdG H Y j dH gh j

,eEG Qb ML H FdG j CH eCG Gg jh .ML j

WCG g Gg jh .Ge 3 .5 `dEG `MG JG j AKCG g h
.QdG H L
d YCG f G AGdG Vh jdG SdG FW jh
.iNCG EG Le b e jh jdG LdG H jh .eCG
MCG j CG hO jW Yd AG Y GdG j dG GHh
eCG geh ?dG dG Gg SdG FW c ,M !!ML
?dG e IQdG g FdG Gg YCG dG
J dG bdG LCG H FdG Gg CG j d : khCG
EG Qf dh .GL Ic Ib EG j HK T Me Ge 3 .5 EG

89
j fEa .fEG e fQf Gg dG Y SdG ie CG
Ia Qhe Hh .edG e I AGdG YGQP a GPEG jd Ic HU
GfEG EG Ge f fEG jh dG j CG CGj e
AGdG jW Yd J CG J SdG QW CG Z .YGQP
.Me YGQPh
Y e gh ,SdG LCG Y bCG Oe f Lj : kfK
j Gg dG f Hh .VdG Gg Y aGh MG a
Y AKCG GL Ic dS aj Ggh .dG Ib SG EG FdG
Z e bJ hO QTh H HSCGh jC j CG FdG a ,GdG
.bW CG j CG
GL ac FdG Gg id IOLG FG g dGh eCdG EG
J dG QdG g if a .aOe Cj eCG Gg CG Qf
J dGh .MQh dG T QdG a edG e jW Gd gh
AdG e dG FG g L SdG FW e dG Mh g
FdG Gg eh ,Y J Ib AT c gh dG gh .IG b Y
Y dG jh .iNCG G FdG e e f hO dEG je
:a JjBG iMEG QdG FN EG Lh
pa sGE p o dG sGE p s o op r jo en Ap n s dG u Ln pa mG n s n eo p r s dG ndGE p G hr n jn r ndGnC }
.79 jBG ,dG IQS |n o peDr jo m r n pd m jn B
n pdPn

90
j q dG a :jdG QY
TYCG jJ adG a ?TYCG jq J aY g CG aJ g
H h jd ATCG adG g a .H fEG jj e e
,TYCG g GQL H Jh dG jOQh QK e eh ,TYCG
.MGh BG gdGh YEd e dG Gg CG T h
jdG QY TYCG GQL AH J dG adG H eh
M jJ g QdG Gg o cPh .''jQe Se'' H j dG

91
N jh bdG ZCG e j Y j eYh .eG
K ,jY c b j dHh .IQdG dP j e He
jQh TGdG LCG e je ATCG e L e jY eCG j
d UN gCG j QdG Ggh ...gZh GQhCGh adG
QRCG d P AT c L a IQdG hJ ch ,QRCG
.Y Sch
jdG Qa .G Gg Y H QdG Gg jY J h
.AdG Gg j dG g fEG K .Y GQL AH dc j
j K , GdCG GP Jf j fEG ?dP j c dh
J adG Hh .AG dP ee dG GQL H
jCG j fCG c .TYCG GQL H Jh jH Jh dG
Ib e b dP ee Y Y j dG dG AH
.IdG
SQdGh G Nh jdG QY N dG g J dG EG
QdG Y dG g Lh Y dGh .BG M gf GQW Nh
GL eCf CG LGhh .jj c dc Yh Y j c
b bh .IOhdG dG IQb Qf M cCG fGG g FN
:dG JjBG iMEG J dG

n pdPn pa sGE p o r pe k p Ln p VQr nC G pa en hn pGhn n s dG pa en r ond n s n S hn }

. 13 jBG ,KG |nh o sn n jn m r n pd m jn B

92
dG adG
NGd JH
NGa IM Y aj CG LCG eh ,dGSCG OHG FW j
o cnP j jGdG a .Ie FN GP TYCG d j Jh
Gd e S gh .GQhCGh dH gDh Ic mIM M EG OHG
aJ dHh Ic IQGM J YCG g LJ dG KGa .eCG
j HK IQGM Y dG Gg cP aj dh .dG IQGG LQO e
dG g N e dG NGO Qe Nj K ,Fd K H
,b T Y dG NBG K j K .NGO IQGG bGe UGjh
aj dHh ,AdG a ec NGdG EG AG H j dG Ggh
.HWQ Y dG
a h .IG J H Jh fCG JCJ dG AH j CG Hh
.edG e AH dG H OHG cP a ,Gc IQGG JJ dG
.dG NGO EG IQGG NO hO edG Gg j dHh
dG Gg GhDhJ CG b aJ c g :GDdG Gg dCd BGh
Gg Hc GhCGJ GPEG fEG ?J eY IQGG SJ JdG CG
e hc SfCG gh,GL W eCG GH L Ea VG
ejh ,GL eG g j OHG FW dh ,G g aj
.NGa IFd

93

bdG HG H j CG dG QdG Gd eCG c ,M

dG GAGLEG dP H j CG eCG ch ?SG HGdG gh
MGQ LCG e AdG Gg c j GPh ?HG J Y AH SG
?NGa

94
g Y j dh SdG HG H j d QdG EG
CG T h .fEG e e Y GP j CG j dG eG
.cdG bdG fEG J j M AcPh Y jd d QdG
e Y J dG gh ,a j e a Jh FdG Gg LJ Ib K EG
U JCG dG Jh fS dG Ib g IdG g EG .YCG e H j
.AT c
g CG GL cQJ eG g UJ g hCGJ eY fCGh
AJ e YCG g CG J CG GMCG e H FdG
.FdG g N dG dG IQb dP c AGQh CG J fCa ,f
.b b d J dG G g b aj SdG H g CG Z
:j e YdG IQS OQh fCT h ,SdG ADH Lh Y dG fNCG bh
n An n pdhr GnC ppfh Oo r pe r oJr n sJan GnC r bo dG r bo p V Qr nC G hn pG hn n s dG
t Qn r en r bo }
r gn r GnC o p n dG hn n Yr nC G p n r jn r gn r bo G v n V nhn k r nf r p p o rfnC n op r jn
o rnG n Hn n n an pp rn cn Go nNn An cn n o T pd G on Ln r GnC Qo t dGhn
o n o t dG p n r nJ
6 jBG ,YdG IQS | Qo s n dG o Mp G n dG n g hn Am r n T u co o d p Nn o dG r bo r p r nYn

95
jQdG id jdG IcGdG
H h .dSG H L b j dG dG aH jQdG j
a HdG EG dHh .M dCG EG dG M OY j jCG
g HdG e e Y QdG Ea dG Gdh .dG H J ceCG
a NCG dG G jQdG j a .fEG EG dH M U
J Y GQTEG a ,AcdG jZ AH j fEG ?dG M
G b iNCG fMCGh QTCG ZCG fMCG dP a ceCG
eGe HZ Sh H e EG UdG Ea Gg c eh .IdG
CG KCG gDhGLEG dG HCG dh .HdG jZ eCG g GWCG
H dG M a NCG dG G EG Oj CG SG QdG Gg
,QdG Gg H j dG jdG IcGdG a .ec TCG J Qhe
H Y TCq Gh AGZ a NCG dG G EG UdG Y JQbh
.G GG iMEG T GQTEG
j dP eh ,cGQOEG h Y jQdG FW EG
,ceCG J Y eY j K ,GdG FGZ ANEG EG
EG .jL e dEG Oj jW Ie Hh
FdG Gg Y FG g
.aOG d J CG
e b 1000 aO CG T
c Y q dG K ,GdG dG

96
AJ e H dG FdG Gg j CG Y ZCH hCG H
dG dh ,GL W eCG dhJh dG Y QdG Gg QYh .f
a Lj dG ceCG Y GQTEG Vh K AGdG ANEH dGh G
jd j e iS H j Y GQTEG J EG dP H UdG K
.Y
dG g h ,f AJ e Gg e T j CG j Qda
c Y QOb gh ,YCG g jQdG FW Y e K qGC f a
f f V AT c dN J dG g IQdG g MUh ...AT
eW FdG Gg NCG J dG IOGQEa .AT c Gh ,Y h a
Gg jL e if fh .iNCG Ie Y QdG jCG JOGQEHh
G Y JQb jBG e iNCG jBG -AT c dP if e- FdG
.G

fGG Y YQG
''jeQCG'' SG Y jh HG jeCG J dG FdG g
Ie Xe GP J a ddh ,YQ e eLCG J
Y dh .GG cCG Y Y H J gh .GSd
FdG gh .Y Jh VQCG M EG J
Gg j eYh .jb T SM GP
aj dG a dGG G FdG
Cc G CGjh GdG fCG

97
FdG Gd gGh .e T V
dG jdG e j CG
jeQCG CG Z .GdG fCGh H j
dHh ,FbO S I f M Y QOb a ,dG g j
.GdG fCG j eY j
Hh ,jW Ie SfCG M Y IQdG FdG g dG e d
jL e d j G Ggh .eW Y Jh GdG CG J dP
dG aj dG BGdG jBG iMEG h .Y Yh Jb dG MQ
:a H
9 jBG ,AGdG IQS |Mp s dG o jp n rdG n nd
n Hs Qn sGE p hn }

dG X M LJ dG adG
M GedG BG Jh Y c LJ QdG e Ic GfCG LJ
H a J dh AGdG QOe Y a J Se We EG J
H e q j AdG QdG CG J dG cP bh .NGa a Jh
:JjBG
m as n U r o bn r an p r s dG ndGE p G hr n jn r nd hn GnC }
o sfGE p o n Mr s dG sGE p s o op r jo en n r pr jn hn
. 19 jBG ,G IQS |l p Hn Am r n T u opH
Y IQdG gh .jdG aG g b J Ic Fe QW K
.H j dG HdG eh UG cJ e JCJ dG dP

98
f bdG J AdG gh Qda
J SGHh ,dG H Y JGUCG
jG TCG e T H a J GUCG
OGaCG j dG g H j dG jG Ggh .dGh
.dG X dG c EGh M Gc c e dG
OGaCG H a Lj dG G GL j dG OGaCG e Oa ch
G J d dG J ILG AG QW CG ojh .dG
dEG Le g dG G e QdG g J eYh .a LJ dG
dH HCGh QGdG J edG gh .edG H d qJ
J ILG AG QW Ea dG H dh .JH f gG Y dEG
AG QW e GfCG gh .iNCG dG edG Hh Gh QfCG
.dh jCG I MQ bJ ILG
HGSGC dG QdG GE
IMGh jGB O a g ,AdG
dG Jh fS dG jGB e
.eC Jh gHH feGC

99
J FN G ae Y IQdGh AcdGh dG e U EG
hCG G BG GSH Lh Oj CG j fEa .fEH
CG QdG eEH j c dh ,M .AdG H fSG SGH
eh dG be e J CG J c ?JgG Y QdG J
?iNCG GQTEG H
HdG f d Nh gG ae Y IQdG J QdG e dG EG
dG FH FdG N J da .dG Q dG g H a dG
IQhV EG fG J dG jBa .Y J jBG d J M Y g
:q gh QdG eCdG
osfGE p on rMs dG sGE p so op r oj ne nr pr njhn m as n U ro bn r an p rs dG ndGE p G hr n nj rnd hn GnC }
19 jBG ,G IQS |l p nH Am r n T uopH
S e FdG H J e CG d j dG Gg Y fa GPEGh
jH fCG e H J eh dG jZ YCG e J eh ,Y
g eCf eY fh .fCG Y e j CG eLCG
.So gGgh qY e g CG f YCG e H J eh FdG
,eG g e e fJ a GL GhJ CG Y jCG fCGh
Y QGe Gj M SdG e dM dP GMJ CG jCG Yh
.AT c dN g fCG GcQjh J dG

100
QdG J Y
NJ IU S CG hJ eY Ie hC fgPCG EG Oj dG e
Y g b IdG dG EG dJ S ?V iNCG S a
J S dh ,IMGh aO dGh IdG dG
e Gc J IdG dG L dG dG e f bdG
.IdG
IdG SCd J Ic d Ge if CG dCG Z e d
e fCG H .cS CG hO fYR Hh a NGOh dM dH
SCG a .QGSH WCG G G Gg Ige G
,IdG SCG e dH J dG FdG gMh a g IdG
a fGL j gh (HQCG) Sjr odG Ige jCG G a
.IdG SCG H J g Xhh ,SCG

101
.G Spjn o dG e Ic GfCG gh
MCG g IQdG j dG SjdGh
WH SjdG jh .GfCG g
dG G H gh ,AdGh AGG
Qd dG EG dG SCG H J
j CG Oh ,HCG FGg dc SjdG h .YH Y
dG e a MhLh gL J GC j dG Y SjdG
EG M NdG EG j dG g e j dh .c H
Y SjdG UGjh .FGZ Y M b jCG g j Ggh ,gGaCG
dG Ea HHh .e f UCG dG CG cCj M dG
.eCG c eBG fCH K Y gh H j SjdG CG c ,he CH
eJ LQO Y FdG jg Ea G dG IQdG e hj ch
.gdG e
fCG c ,fEG FN e T H g AcdGh dG S EG
fGG CH ''eCG AYEG''h ''gdG '' e S Y jG j
dGh AT c de H dG J dG CG Z .iNCG FdGh
CGh dG dP J CG FdG g Y dG g eCH AT c j
jCG g J dP Hh .dG H IYe J
.IG QGSG e

102
JH YG QUq dG
Kj dG dG Ggh .GL
q b U d U IM QUdG EG
QdG Yh dG Y Md LJh .L G cdG H g
eYh ,HdG e dG Ib MdG Jgh .QdG e G G
J
q eY -MdG gh .hG dG dP Kj QUdG qbj
dG H T JU kJ J K H J dG dG b e
j H IG gQJ ANQEGh dG G dG gh .ZQdG
Ie 500`H dG HU QGe fh .IMGdG fdG Ie 500 EG gOY
cC f K YCG f CG f qfGC a fcJ GPEG dG g e
.fdG IMGh Ie e
QdG e dG dG OLG OGeG J eY IG a
GPEG dG J CG J fEG PCGh .j hCG dG Jj
W f a dG Gdh .IMGdG fdG IdG Y OdG OGR
.q e U fCch dG QUdG

103
q G adG
g IQdG fhJ dG adG EG
j dG G adG
gh .chCG SG Y
dG dG Y iJ adG
QGh dGh cdG LCG LJ
fGG a dG Gdh .MdG
Y adG g J eY M cS
.ShDhQ
Gg Yh .adG d dOe IFa j eCG Ggh
YREG e J b fGG g J SSCG
J J f bdG h ,dG J dG
dG Y jCG Mh gAGZ Lh b adG
.TYCG H J dG
dG LhCG EG fGG g e dG hdG Ggh
Nh FdG g N Jh fS dGh .dG Q
.JLM Y H CG dG jdG dc d

104
:GdG Me
AG a J dG IG
FdG e dG d .AG S Y j CG fEd G e d
cJ eh FN e dG e e H dH dP J CG J
Me'' Yj GG e Yf dP Y ch .eLCG UN
jW S GP IG gh ,''GdG
Y Me J CG J gh ,bQh
bS IG aJ eYh .AG S
Yh .AG S Y jONCG J
K IG g RJ dG Gg
.ShCG Me Y L
CG dGh MG Hh
dG J IG g S
EG NJ fS CG ,Ad dG
J dG Gg Yh .dG J H AG YCG
.iNCG FdG H AG Y J CG IG g

105

G SC e
.SC G e

UdG G SGC
IGOCG J CG j G J eY fCG G SCG FN e
dGh .dG e hCG dG Sa e eEG J a dG Gdh .e
H j gh .(dH T) dG H e T gX OLG
dG G YS fc eh .e j K G Zh e G LCG
Gg hgJ YCG IQdG h .H e jh Y j a H j
j Jh fS dG a .dG SH e gh SCG e dG
:J dG j .J e H dc h G FdG L OLh
|k p Yn Am r n T u opH o dG n cn hn p V Qr nC G pa en hn pG hn n s dG pa en pdhn }
126 `jBG ,AdG IQS

106
hP TG dG
AGG dG
fH j dG MdG g GWdG j dG dG e dG Gg EG
g Y U fYdG g Y G j dh .fYR HQCG Y
Gg j c .SCG a e fCG f eY UN ,GSG J
Gg GWdG Sh .jdG fCGh AGG gH dG e dG
g GWdG S jh .fEG j e e fYH edG Y
g GWCG Y S jh ,G MGS Y dH d fYdG
.fYdG
LJ M .AGG dG P GWdG d Ie iNCG UN gh
j M IQdG e ejh ,fCG SCG G e IU b jd
gh .MdG fGG e g dG e dG Ggh .SCG H H
dG e e iNCG SCG H Oj M IQdG g j
.Zh

107
dG YCG j dG dG dG Gg dG dG Ggh
.G dEG GHEG QU e IQU d j

YG GdC G hP jG de
.G a LJ dG ceCG L QdG Gg Ige
GfCG WCG e gh ddG jeCG j IQdG fhJ dG QdGh
.YG fGdCH fG j jG de QYh .jdG adG g
.gO IOdG j OGaCa TYCG a j dG bhCG ASHh
Y IH jS ceCG jG de aY J dG AH j eYh
eYh .jG a fGdCG J GfCG adG g eh .SdG QfCG
.gbe GWCG GdCG J dH adG g J

108
CG T e dh . Ic GdCH adG L dG N d
jc HYEGh e d j adG jQ Ige
GdCG gh .IMS GdCG e a
dOCG iMEG g QdG dG G
dG jh .N dG U jH Y
:fS YGHEG e g GdCG CG Y Lh Y
k p n r eo mGn n nK ppH n Lr n Nr nC an Ak en Ap n s dG n pe n n rfGnC dG sGnC n nJ r ndGnC }

o pHG n nZhn n ofG n rdGnC

l p n r eo l r Mo ho l pH Ol n Lo p n p G n pehn n ofGn rdGnC

n pdn cn o ofG n rdGnC

l p n r eo p n rfnC Ghn
u Ghn s dG hn p S s dG n pehn Ol o S
jBG ,Wa IQS | Ao n no dG pOp n Yp r pe n dG n r jn n sfGE p
.28-27

GC J dG G QW
Ae H ec GT J
b AHG ceCG q dG FdG Gg j
e LM Y FdG Gg jh .dGSCG G
aG bhCG h ,dhj dG QhdG e AG
T I Ae hH ec MGQ j CG FdG Gg j

109
a ddh ,G FW IM Ic fe AG jh .ec
ch .a j dG G d ah JM j CG j
d jh GdG fEG Y bj AG j ea ,dP Y
Y ceCG f j eYh .AG a aj IjL ceCG
..bbh jdGh dG EG Qj AG e ac c
d ah J G aY J G dG qGC jQ h
C G bGe H J gh .d J dG dEG e g a J dG
dG bh EG J a dd ,dEG dH GL e eCG f UGe
g dG dP dG Gg dCG dG J dGh .N OLH eY YH
j .N dG FdG L eCG Y j dG gh AT H dG
:dG BGdG jBG iMEG Lh q Y
ppr n pH o u n jo sGE p Am r n T r pe rGE p hn s p pa r en hn o V Qr nC G hn o r s dG
o G hn n s dG o nd o u n oJ}
.44 jBG ,AGSEG IQS |G Qk o nZ k p Mn n cn o sfGE p r o
n pr nJ n o n r nJ n r p ndhn

QdG jQ cJ
adG dG G aNG e
g iNCG G FdG H Y
dG jdG Hh .GdG Y JQb
H dG QdG J L j
Fc CG H dG Y j dG dG

110
Y Ic IQb jdh N fc g jdG dG FG eh .NBG M
jQ f eYh .hCq G T EG YH Lj CG dch adG
Lj qfGC j Lh .bdG jZ J Mf q fh G
G e OdG dP fL e Jh ,jWh b OY jdG Sh
id GdG Y e GQhO fdh jdG W jh .bdG
.QdG
''jQo '' NGO J bdG jdG dP CG Gg e ZCG CG Z
IdG GdG g Y LJh .IOq G dH ioJ GL IU iNCG
H IdG GdG Ea HdG g Hh ,IU Hqco
.HdG
q e e dG
H e gh ,MdG e IdG GdH HdG

q g GPEG NdG CG LQO EG dG

M GPEGh .bGNG e j Y
Y HdG g LN CGh
Ea SCG e S C ceCG
JOYE ac Q QdG e
.dG Vh EG
UGe e QdG J Mh
FGO Ie a L H JM
EG dGh jQ af Y aG EG

111
jQ eS Y adh .G dG Y Sd U fCG
QGe NCH adG Jh .jP QhL ScCG LJ fgO J
gh .e h jQ H J K gbe SGH gdG g e e
eY hCG AG j eY QdG L EG UdG e AG gdG
.G Gd Vj
M GOQH G j eY jQ H adG J dP fL EGh
J adG Ea IQG AGLCG eCGh .eLCG IQGM LQO J
.eLCG de IQGM Y a dHh ,cCG eLCH jdG
.gZ Y Xh dG L AfCG G jdG e jQ dh
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112

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113
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114
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115
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117

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119
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120
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122
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123

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124
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125

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126

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127

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