:

A. : 2014 2015


3
.
(Vacuum Infusion).
O 4 ,
.
:
1. . 21/4/2015
2.
. 5/5/2015
3. .
12/5/2015
:
21C
Y 69%

.
(CSM 450), 450
(WR 450), 500

g
m2

g
.
m2

: [ CSM / WR / CSM / WR / CSM]
: [ WR / WR / WR]


. 04 1 & 04 2 ( )
04 1 & 04 2 ( ).
ISO 527 1: 1993 ISO 527 4: 1997. '
:
11 : 25.1 cm, : 25.57 mm, : 2.28 mm
2: : 25.2 cm, : 26.53 mm, : 2.24 mm
1

: 25.2 cm, : 27.28 mm, : 1.285 mm

: 25.1 cm, : 27.90 mm, : 1.285 mm

Vacuum Infusion
,
.
. ""
.
, .
, .
(tacky tape)
,
.
,
.
.
(peel ply)
(infusion mesh).
.
peel ply infusion mesh.
,

.
()
, .

1 ' , (04)

 tacky tape,
.
,
. .

. .

[g]

478

361

B [g]

779

615

[g]

171

135

B [g]

950

750

0.6 bar .
.
, .
,
. .
,

, .
24h .

. , peel
ply .
peel ply, .

 , peel ply infusion mesh

To .
.

 - . .
()

A .
.

. peel ply infusion mesh.

' . 2 (), 2
( ), 2
.

 ,
. .

1, 32x. .

2, 32x. ( )

 (.. Vacuum bagging)

:





, vacuum bagging,
,
.
,
.

,
, .
, '
.

.

, ..
. .
, pot life .


.
.

,
.
' .

10

 ,

.
.
ISO 1183 1: 2004.
, ,
. '
mS , A
g
IL = 0.998
, mS , A
s = IL
mS , A mS , IL
cm3
, mS , IL
.2 .

[g]

[g]

g
[ 3]
cm

A1

2.56

1.741

A2

6.05

2.61

1.755

B1

3.39

1.55

1.839

3.48

1.54

1.790

B2

1:

( %)
w
ISO 1172 W f =100 f , w f
wc
( ) w c .
() ,

. .

W f [%]

08

41.21

42.93

42.34

65.70

41.51

42.71

42.29

65.00

10

43.18

44.20

43.90

70.59

14

77.62

78.76

78.39

67.54

2:

2 '

11

 ' ( %)
mc
ISO 7822 v = 100 c
, mc
c
, c .
g
100

c =
, W f
3
Wr W f
cm
+
r
f
, W r = 100 W f
g
g
, f = 2.55
r = 1.2

3
cm
cm 3
. T .

W f [%]

W r [%]

A1

65.70

34.30

1.840

1.741

5.395

A2

65.00

35.00

1.830

1.755

4.066

B1

70.59

29.41

1.916

1.839

4.036

B2

67.54

32.46

1.868

1.790

4.161

c [

g
]
cm3

mc [

g
]
cm 3

v [%]

3: '

W[ f ( f r )]
Wf
3
t =
, W
100 f r
g
g
g
, f = 2.55
, r = 1.2

2
3
m
cm
cm3
W f .4
0.45 0.55 .
CSM W = 450

g
g
, WR W = 500 2
2
m
m

3 ' , CSM
WR. '
.
4 ,
.

12


t = 3t CSM + 2t WR ,

t = 3t WR ,

[mm]

[mm]

3.315

2.260

46.69%

1.611

1.285

25.37%

4:

' .

, '
, ,
.

1: ( )

13


.

, ,
.

' 5 ( 3
) .
.

2: ( )

,
.
.
WR ( '
) CSM. ,
400 Mpa, 300 350 Mpa.

14

Y ,

ISO 527 1: 1993
ISO 527 4: 1997.
F
, =
, F
A
.
L o

,
Lo
.
1
= 2
,
2 1
2 = 0.0025, 1 = 0.0005 2, 1 .
M
.
.
4
(2 ) .
10 Mpa 2 mm/cycle.
.

[GPa]

[MPa ]

17.079

328.92

0.0260

18.491

330.43

0.0238

25.241

406.44

0.0209

24.826

419.65

0.0235

5:

.
A 235 Mpa
200 Gpa,
0.001175, 20 '
.

.
,
, .
, , ,
' , ,
.

15

 5

WR
LRS.
,
WR 6
= 30W f 0.5 [GPa ] .
, , 3 ,
= 30( 0.7069+0.6754) 0.5 = 300.6907 0.5 = 20.220 GPa
To
. ,
.
,
Poisson.
CSM .

,
.
1 = E f V f + E m V m
1 + V f
2 = E m
, V f '
1 V f
Ef
1
Em
, =
.
Ef
+
Em

Em V m
, m =
, V m
V m+V o
' V o ' (
V m +V o ' ).
.
.
CSM (
3
5
) = E 1 + E 2
8
8
1
1
G = E 1 + E 2 . poisson
8
4
5
6 .
, : 3.2 Gpa 3.0 Gpa
.

16

E
1 .
2G
WR EUROCOMP Poisson 0.13

: =

3 , 11 , A12 , A22 , 3
, Q11 , Q12 , Q22 .
E1
12 E 2
E2
: Q11 =
, Q 12 =
, Q22 =
1 12 21
1 12 21
1 12 21
WR CSM, E 1 = E 2 , 12 = 21 ,
' WR.
E
E
E
Q11 =
Q22
, Q12 = 12 2 , Q 22 =
2
2
1 12
1 12
1 12
.

5

ij =

Qij t k
k =1

, t k , k = 1,... ,5 .

. '
,
,
,
. , CSM
t
500
WR, WR =
= 1.1111 .
t CSM
450

t
t
t = 3t CSM +2t WR (3+21.1111)t CSM = t t CSM =
t CSM =
3+2.2222
5.2222
t WR =

3t
1
(t
) . .
2
5.2222

A11 (1 2)
A
, = 12 . 11 , A12
=
t
A11
,

. 7

E 1 = E 2 , 12 = 21
17

2.28

2.24

1.285

1.285

WR[mm]

0.4851

0.4766

0.4283

0.4283

CSM[mm]

0.4366

0.4289

E m [GPa ]

3.0

3.0

Em [GPa ]

2.795

2.795

E CSM [GPa ]

12.757

12.757

CSM

0.4172

0.4172

E WR [GPa ]

19.105

19.105

WR

0.13

0.13

Q11,CSM [GPa ]

15.445

15.445

Q12,CSM [GPa ]

6.443

6.443

Q11,WR [GPa ]

19.433

19.433

Q12,WR [GPa ]

2.5263

2.5263

A11 [GPamm]

39.083

38.398

A12 [GPamm]

10.890

10.699

0.279

0.279

0.13

0.13

[GPa]

15.811

15.811

20.220

20.220

[%]

7.42
(safe side)

14.5
(safe side)

19.9
(safe side)

18.6
(safe side)

6:

. .

18



,
[Q],
. . 8
( )

{ N } = [ A]{ } [1]
{ N } = [ N x , N y , N xy ]T , [ ]
{ } = [ xo , yo , xyo ]T .
, N y = 0, N xy = 0
xyo = 0 .

9,
.
[1] { } = [ A]1{ N } [2].
O
{ }k = [Q ]k{ } , k = 1,... , 5 [3].
[2] ,
1
T
1
{ } = [ 1
xo = 1
11 x , 21N x , 0]
11 x , yo = 21 x , xyo = 0 [4]

[3]

1
( x )k = [ A1
11 (Q 11 )k +A21 (Q 12 ) k ]N x [5]

, ( x )k = ( x , max )k

( x , max )k
[6], ,
( x , fract. )k = 1
A11 (Q11) k + A1
(Q
)
21
12 k
( N x , fract. )min 10
ISO 527:1 1993 ( fract. ) =
[7],
t
t .
[],
8 .
9 .

.
10

19

 .
, ' .
[2] [7].
[7] ( )
.
.

, , .



.
,
LRS:

( t , max )CSM = 200W f +25 [ MPa] CSM

: ( t , max )CSM = 155.7 [ MPa]

( t , max )WR = 400W f 10 [ MPa] WR

( t , max )WR = 251.4 [MPa ] , WR
( t , max )WR = 266.3 [MPa ]
A

(3 WR) ,
266.3 Mpa.

A
[Q]
' , [].
Q11 , Q12 , Q22 . Q21 = Q12 , Q66 = G 12 ,
G12 .
.

20

1
1
G CSM = ( )E 1 + ( ) E 2 CSM (). 1 , E 2
8
4
,
.
3.0542 [GPa ]
GWR = 1.7W f + 2.24 [GPa ] WR, LRS.
3.3509 [GPa ]

. [Q]
[] .


,
' .
: ,
, , ( CSM WR)
' ,
. , (
)
.

2.28

2.24

WR[mm]

0.4851

0.4766

CSM[mm]

0.4366

0.4289

E CSM [GPa ]

12.757

12.757

GCSM [GPa]

3.0542

3.0542

CSM

0.4172

0.4172

QCSM [GPa ]

E WR [GPa ]

19.105

19.105

GWR [GPa ]

3.3509

3.3509

WR

0.13

0.13

QWR [GPa ]

[mm]

2.28

2.24

[ ]

21

2, 4 (WR)

2, 4 (WR)

[kN]

10.896

11.106

[Pa]

186.89

186.89

1.310

1.287

[ ]

1, 3, 5 (CSM)

1, 3, 5 (CSM)

[kN]

16.110

16.422

[Pa]

276.33

276.33

7:

[Q]
[]
.
CSM

[Q ]CSM =

12.128 6.020
0
6.020 12.128
0
0
0
3.054

[GPa ]

WR

[Q ]WR =

19.443 2.526
0
2.526 19.433
0
0
0
3.351

[GPa ]

1
:

22

34.740 10.336
0
[ ](1)
=
[GPamm ]
10.336 34.740
0
1
0
0
7.252
M ( )
[ ](2)
1 =

15.886 7.885
7.885 15.886
0
0

0
[GPamm]
0
4.000

2
:
(1)
2

[ ]

34.130 10.155
0
= 10.155 34.130
[GPamm]
0
0
0
7.124

M ( )
[ ](2)
2 =

15.607 7.747
0
7.747 15.607
0
0
0
3.930

[GPamm]

(. 3 &
. 4), . 11
.

,
. (
) , .
, ' (.. )
( ).
.
, WR
CSM.
WR, .
11 T 15cm

23

 3: 1 ( )

4: 2 ( )

24

 , ,
.
WR
.

,
. 328.92 Pa
1 330.43 MPa 2. ,

328.92 276.33
100 % = 15.99 % 1
328.92
330.43 276.33
100 % = 16.37 % 2
330.43
.
LRS 266.3 MPa
406.33 MPa
1 419.65 MPa 2. ,
406.33 266.3
100% = 34.46%
406.33
419.65 266.3
100% = 36.54%
419.65

1
2

. ,
LRS,
.
.
, 16%,
.
.

25


, . , 1998
, . , 1995
, . . . . , 2009
ISO 527 1: 1993 Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 1:
General principles
ISO 527 4: 1997 Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties: Test
conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre reinforced plastic composites
ISO 1183 1: 2004 Plastics -- Methods for determining the density of noncellular plastics -- Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and
titration method
ISO 1172: 1996 Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Prepregs, moulding
compounds and laminates Determination of the textile glass and mineral-filler
content Calcination methods

26