I.

II.

What is a K?
a. An debate argument that criticizes the methodology,
ideals, values, assumptions, discourses, episteme, and
motives that inform an argument or particular set of
arguments
Components of K
a. Links (2 types)
i. Mechanism links (plan) to the implemented actions
of the 1ac
ii. Rhetorical packaging (advantage) about the
language or discourse that is employed
b. Impact
i. Negative implications for a particular set of ideals or
values
c. Alt
i. Alternative way to approach the harms
d. Framework
i. Roll of ballot/Roll of judge

III.

How to answer it in the 2AC

a. FPOSTAL
b. Framework
i. They dont get a K/Ks are cheating
1. Interpretation Aff equals a plan, negative
equals a competitive policy option or status
quo (On the negative say topical policy option)
ii. They dont get a prior question
1. Interpretation - that the aff gets to weigh the
impacts of the 1ac versus the impacts of the K.
iii. RTP
1. Aff choice aff picks debate
2. Topic education focus on plan key to topic
iv. Voting Issue
1. Fairness
2. Education
c. Perms
i. Perm do both, do plan and all non mutually exclusive
(non competitive) parts of the aff, do plan and the Alt
in every other instance
d. Offense
i. Link turns/impact turns
e. Solvency deficit

i. If the Alt doesnt solve all the case, and they dont
solve all of plan, means advantage to the case
outweighs.
f. Theory
i. To alt:
1. Vague Alts, Utopian Fiat, PIKs, Condo
ii. To the theoretical framing
1. Your author is x
g. Alt
i. Offense to the alternative
h. Link
i. No link args
ii. Helps the perm debate
IV.

Important Cross X Notes

a. Cross-X is key when debating a K
b. Preface questions
c. Ask what you want to know