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Thanh Thao Sau 3 Thang-Tom Tat
Thanh Thao Sau 3 Thang-Tom Tat
VI BT K NGN NG NO
INTRODUCTION
Cch tuyt vi hc bt c ngn ng no l Hy sng vi n
Trong phn ln cc h thng gio dc hin nay, ngn ng c dy theo cng mt cch vi cc mn hc khc. Gio vin s cung cp kin
thc hay thng tin v hc sinh s hiu hay bit v kin thc , tng t nh vy gio vin ngoi ng cng cung cp t vng v hc vin
bit v ngn ng . Hay ging nh mn Ton, hc sinh phi lm bi tp tht nhiu nm vng v ghi nh nhng quy tc ng php.
Cch ny c th to nn nhng ngi xut sc trong vic c, vit hay lm bi tp trn giy, gip hc vin vt qua cc k thi cui k trong
trng, nhng li kh lng c th to nn nhng ngi thnh tho trong vic s dng ngoi ng trong cuc sng thc s. n gin v
kh nng ngn ng ca h ch c th c th hin trn giy hay trn nhng mn hnh my tnh, cn trong nhng tnh hung giao tip
thc t, h gp rt nhiu kh khn trong vic p dng nhng g c hc.
Ngn ng l mt phng tin giao tip, v tt hn ht n nn c sng cng ch khng phi c dy. Nu bn khng th giao
tip th coi nh bn nh mt mc ch chnh ca ngn ng. V th d kh nng ngn ng ca bn ang bt k trnh no, hy c
s dng chng trong cuc sng ca bn, c bit l trong giao tip.
ng lc ca bn l g?
Trc khi bt tay vo lm bt c vic g, nu bn xc nh r cho mnh t nht mt l do ti sao bn phi lm cng vic , th chc chn
rng bn s c ng lc thc hin n. Vy l do v sao bn phi hc mt mn ngoi ng no l g?
V s nghip tng lai, lm vic mt tp on a quc gia, hng lng cao, hay vt qua cc k thi, i du hc hay ch gy n
tng vi ngi khc, l nhng l do thng c a ra.
Cn i vi nhng ngi thnh tho nhiu ngn ng th h hc v mt l do khc, chnh l am m. H mun c giao tip vi th
gii, vi bn b 5 chu, mun khm ph cc nn vn ho v con ngi trn khp hnh tinh ny. ng lc ca h li nm chnh mc ch
ca ngn ng, l giao tip v kt ni. Chnh v vy, h hc ngn ng rt nhanh v hiu qu, thm ch vi rt nhiu ngn ng khc nhau.
AM M
Hu ht nhng ngi thnh cng vi ngn ng th 2 u cho rng vic t hc ng vai tr v cng quan trng ti kt qu ca h.
Nhng c th mit mi say sa t hc m khng cn s c thc nhc nh ca ngi khc th qu l rt kh i vi nhiu ngi. D h
bit h cn phi lm g nhng h li khng lm iu h cn phi lm, v h cn thiu mt th, chnh l nim AM M. mi chnh l
ng lc ln nht thc y chng ta tin ln. H hc n gin ch v h thch vy, h khng cn c chm ch ch v h t khc chm ch, h
hc m khng phi b qu cng thng v vic hc mang li cho h nim vui.
V vy hy pht trin nim am m ca bn vi vic hc ngoi ng, giao tip v kt ni vi th gii. Nu bn thy mnh vn cha c cm
hng vi vic , hy th xem nhng b phim, video v mt t nc no , khm ph ngh thut, hi ho, ca nhc hay lch s ca h,
c tp ch, sch bo, hay dnh thi gian vi ngi bn x,ri bn s thy bn v cng t m v hng th mun bit nhiu hn v h.
Ni cho cng, c th thnh tho mt ngoi ng no , bn cn bin ngn ng tr thnh mt phn trong cuc sng ca bn, v nu
l am m ca bn th con ng s rng m hn rt nhiu.
INTRODUCTION
Bn c chp nhn tr gi?
thnh cng, bn phi chp nhn tr gi, bn phi chp nhn hy sinh, nhng ci gi no bn chp nhn, bn dm i bao xa, bn sn
sng hy sinh n mc no? iu mi quyt nh thnh cng ca bn.
Bn c dm lm tt c t c mc tiu ca mnh (tt nhin l trong khun kh php lut v o c). Bn s dnh bao nhiu thi
gian rn luyn, bao cng sc hc tp? Liu bn c sn sng i mt vi s ch trch, ch bai, s mt mt, nhc nh, tht bi thm hi.
Nu bn c th b qua tt c v hnh ng bt chp ni s hi, th chc chn rng bn s lm c.
S d dng, d chu khng to nn nhng nh v ch, nhng con ngi v i c ti luyn, mi da trong kh khn, th thch. Hy sn
sng i mt vi bt c th thch no, bt c gii hn no vi mt tinh thn vng vng, ng lc v am m chy bng, cng mt quyt
tm mnh m phi lm n cng. Tt nhin l con ng n vi thnh cng khng tri y hoa hng, n y chng gai ang ch bn
pha trc, s c nhng lc tht vng, mt m v thm ch v vng, nhng hy gi vng nim tin v bc tip, cui cng cng sc ca bn
s c n p.
Bc u tin trong vic chinh phc bt k ngn ng no: Hy cam kt phi lm c d bt c gi no, khng bao gi b cuc cho n
khi thnh cng.
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Ngi ta lun lun c qu nhiu l do tr hon, chnh v th h chng bao gi c th bt u. Tht ra tt c mi ngi bnh thng u c
th hc ngn ng th hai, bt k tui tc, mi trng sng, ngh nghip hay trnh hc vn,V vy ng tr hon s thnh cng ca bn
na, hy loi b ngay nhng suy ngh lun cn tr bn:
1. Ngi ln hc ngoi ng gp qu nhiu bt li: Tht ra d tui no th hc ngoi ng lun lun tn ti nhng kh khn nht
nh, v ngi ln cng c nhng li th khng nh khi hc ngoi ng.
2. Ti khng c nng khiu hc ngn ng, ti khng c ti nng, ti rt km ci: Bn ngh bn c th hay khng th, bn u
ng
3. Ti khng c thi gian: Vy tc l bn cha c am m, ng lc v s yu thch cn thit vi ngn ng mi, vy c c
thi gian cho ngi yu ca mnh khng?
4. Cc chng trnh hay kho hc ngoi ng qu t tin vi ti: c nhng cch hc hiu qu hon ton min ph hoc vi chi ph
thp.
5. Ti s i mt kho hc hon ho: khng c g l hon ho c, bn thm ch cn khng bit kho hc nh th no, nu tip tc
ch i bn s mi mi khng th bt u.
6. Ti cn phi hc trc khi ti c th bt u tr chuyn vi ai : ti sao khng bt u tr chuyn ngay, l cch p
dng nhng g bn hc.
7. Ti khng th tp trung: ch lm mt vic vo mt thi im nht nh, bn s c c s tp trung
8. Mt vi ngn ng qu kh v ti khng th: nu ngi khc c th, bn cng c th
9. Vic hon ton thnh tho ngoi ng l khng th: bn s sm t b mc tiu m bn cho rng l khng th.
10. Hc ngoi ng qu nhm chn: vy th vic hc s l cc hnh vi bn, hy tm nhng cch th v hc ngoi ng, v d nh
xem phim, kt bn tr chuyn, nghe nhc
11. Ngi bn x s khng ni chuyn vi ti: bn s khng bit nu bn cha th, tht ra h lun sn sng gip nhng ai
mun hc ngn ng ca h.
12. Ti lun mang ging ca ting m v khng th pht m ngoi ng chun c: iu khng thnh vn nu n
khng cn tr vic giao tip, tht ra bn c th rn luyn pht m chun hn.
13. Gia nh v bn b s khng ng h ti: hy cho h l do hp l ng h bn, tht ra bn phi l ngi lm ch v quyt nh
cuc i mnh, ng b ngi khc lm nh hng.
14. Ti khng th bt kp s tin b ca ngi khc: khng phi l vn , bn khng th so snh vi ngi khc v h cng
khng snh c vi bn, quan trng l bn tin b v tt hn mnh ca ngy hm qua, hy tp trung ph v nhng k lc ca mnh
mi ngy
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nhim v ca bn
By gi, bn nhn ra nhng quan nim, suy ngh, nim tin sai lm ca mnh, hy loi b chng ngay lp tc. Bc tip theo, hy thit lp
cho bn thn mc tiu tht r rng, cng chi tit cng tt, c bit phi c thi hn c th.
Nu l ti, ti khuyn bn nn t mc tiu Giao tip tri chy lu lot trong vng 3 thng
- u tin bn phi hiu: Tri chy lu lot c ngha l g, nh th no th c gi l tri chy lu lot?
Nhiu ngi hc ngoi ng cho rng, iu c ngha l bn phi c kh nng tham gia cc cuc tranh lun vi ch phc tp, tru
tng hoc mang tnh trit l, l lun cao, hn na bn phi ni chuyn lu lot ti mc khng c vp vp, s dng t vng phc kh v
kh nng din t trnh cao. Nu bn chn nhng tiu ch rt cao ny cho mc tiu Lu lot ca bn th c l bn s sm tht vng,
v thm ch bn cha chc c th t c nhng tiu chun ny vi ting m ca mnh.
Vy bn nn nh ngha Lu lot nh th no ph hp vi mc tiu ca mnh. Theo t in Oxford, lu lot c ngha l c kh nng
trnh by, din t mt cch d dng, rnh mch v chnh xc bng ngn ng thng qua ni hoc vit. y mi l mc tiu bn nn nhm
n.
- H thng CEFRL (Common European Framework of Reference for Language)
y l mt h thng nh gi kh nng ngn ng ca bn. Trong chia ra 3 cp chnh bao gm:
A: Beginner (S cp)
B: Intermediate (Trung cp)
C: Advanced (Cao cp)
nh gi c th hn, h thng ny cn chia nh cc cp hn na, bao gm A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2
Nu bn c th hon thnh cp A, kh nng ngn ng ca bn dng cho nhng nhu cu c bn thit yu hng ngy, cn nu bn
vt qua cp C th bn c th lm bt c iu g vi ngn ng , bao gm c vic s dng n trong cng vic nh ting m ca
bn. Cn mc tiu ca bn l Lu lot nm cp B2 tr ln. T cp ny, bn c th tng tc d dng, t nhin vi mi ngi, sng
bng ngn ng , c th tho lun hu ht cc ch , nhng cp ny, i cht vp vp hay pht m cha chun vn c chp
nhn, min l n khng cn tr qu trnh giao tip ca bn.
Khng c g l hon ho c, v th ng bao gi c bt bn thn phi tht hon ho, hy nhn ra hn ch ca mnh v tng bc ci thin,
ng chn nn v iu . Bn s n gn hn vi s hon ho nhng d bn c hc tp chm ch n c no th cng khng bao gi
c th chm n mc hon ho, bi hc tp khng bao gi c im cui, bn khng bao gi c th ni vic hc ca bn hon thnh,
thm ch vi chnh ting m ca bn, vn cn nhiu iu phi hc hi.
- Mt bao lu t n ngng lu lot?
Nu bn tht s nghim khc vi bn thn v nghim tc vi vic t c mc tiu ra, th 3 thng l bn giao tip mt cch
tng i mc x giao, tng ng vi vic t n trnh A2 hoc B1.
Bn cn phi cam kt s lm c trong thi gian 3 thng ny, mt thi hn ngn s buc bn phi n lc nhiu hn mc bnh thng, v
khi bn lm c iu th khng g l khng th.
- Cp thnh cng:
Thnh cng cng chia thnh nhiu cp khc nhau. Nhiu ngi mi ch t cht thnh cng nho nh t mn v sao nhng vic hc
tp, v th h khng bao gi i n cui con ng chn. Hy c gng t n thnh cng mc cao nht bn c th. ng t mc
tiu qu d hay 100% bn s t c, v n khng to cm hng v ng lc cho bn. Hy t mt mc tiu ln, l mc tiu khin
bn cm thy i cht s hi nhng li y hng phn khi ngh n. N s buc bn phi vt ra khi nhng gii hn ca mnh chinh
phc nhng nc thang cao hn.
- Mini-missions (Nhim v nh):
l nhng u tin ca bn vo mt thi im nht nh nhm gii quyt nhng vn nht nh. Nhng Mini-mission ny s gip bn
gii quyt vn nhanh nht c th v khc phc nhng im yu ca bn hiu qu.
V d: trong mt khong thi gian, bn ch tp trung khc phc duy nht kh nng pht m cn ang yu ca mnh.
N s cho bn cm gic bn ang ngy cng tin b. Hy lin tc th thch bn thn, nng dn kh lin tc ph v nhng gii hn
ca mnh.
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nhim v ca bn
- Qu ti im bo ho:
Thng thng, nu bn tp trung ton b sc lc hc tp v rn luyn khng ngng ngh th ch sau mt thi gian ngn bn s cm thy
s tin b v cng n tng. Nhng vi cng hc tp cao nh vy tht s bn kh lng c th duy tr lu nu khng c s ngh ngi
hp l. Bn s t n im bo ho thi im bn cm thy d c gng hc nhng khng th hp thu kin thc hn c na. V th
hy c k hoch hc tp v ngh ngi tht hiu qu. Hy coi s ngh ngi l phn thng cho bn sau mi ln t c mc tiu, iu
s tip thm nng lng v ng lc cho bn vn ti nhng mc tiu cao hn.
C th cng c nhng thi im bn cm thy chn nn hay tht vng, l chuyn bnh thng, hy coi vic hc ngoi ng nh mt tr
chi, bn s cm thy bt p lc hn.
- K hoch hnh ng:
K lut l chn la gia nhng g bn mun lm ngay by gi v nhng g bn mun t c nht
Nhng tng tuyt vi nht s ch l v gi tr nu chng khng c bt tay hnh ng, v th bn phi lun lun c k hoch hnh
ng v tp trung vo thc hin n.
Hy quyt nh mc tiu ca bn l g, bn hng n iu g?
Dnh ra mt khong thi gian mi ngy ch dnh ring cho mc tiu , t mt thi hn c th hon thnh v trong khong thi
gian phi dnh s u tin cho mc tiu.
Dnh thi gian ngh ngi hp l
Thng bo mc tiu ca bn vi th gii: iu ny s buc bn phi hnh ng v quyt tm lm n cng.
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hc t vng siu tc
CHAPTER
hc t vng siu tc
- Trong hu ht cc ngn ng u c hai dng l th lch s v th thng thng, n gin hn cho ngi mi bt u, bn nn ch tp
trung vo th lch s trc.
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mi trng hc ngoi ng
Nhiu ngi cho rng phi n t nc ni ngn ng bn mun hc mi tt, nhng cch ny tuy tt nhng li rt tn km.
Tht ra, nu bn c th to mi trng hc ngoi ng ngay ti t nc bn sinh sng th bn vn c th t kt qu cao khng
km g vic bn ra nc ngoi hc, thm ch vi mt mc chi ph v cng t i.
- Thc t l d hc u th cng c nhng li th v bt li ring, k c vic hc nc ngoi. Nhiu ngi d sng nc
ngoi nhiu nm nhng vn khng ni c ngoi ng thnh tho, l v s li bing v nhng cm d ca ci m ngi ta gi l v
bc ngi ngoi quc. H d ra nc ngoi nhng vn sng cng nhng ngi cng nc, vn ni ting m hng ngy hng gi. Thm
ch h phi i mt vi nhiu vn hn so vi khi trong nc, v d nh: h phi lm quen, thch nghi vi cuc sng mi, vi nhng con
ngi xa l, h phi dnh thi gian kt bn, vt qua ro cn vn ho, nhiu lc l s c n, nh nh,Nhng iu ny d gy ra rt
nhiu cn tr vi vic hc ngn ng. Trong khi , nc mnh, bn khng c qu nhiu th lo lng nh th.
- Vy khi no bn nn ra nc ngoi hc ngn ng?
Bn ch c th c nhng tri nghim tuyt vi khi ra nc ngoi nu bn c th giao tip tt bng
ngn ng ca ngi bn x, nu khng bn s i mt vi nhiu kh khn. V th hy trang b cho
bn thn kh nng giao tip c bn trc khi ra nc ngoi, cch ny s gip bn hc nhanh hn,
ho nhp nhanh hn khi ra i.
- Vy lm th no to ra mi trng hc ngoi ng ngay ti t nc ca bn?
u tin, hy tm ngay mt ngi bn x c th gip bn hc ngn ng ca h. Thng th ngi
nc ngoi khi sang nc bn rt ci m v mun kt bn, bn cng c th gip h hc ting m
ca mnh. Bn c th tm trn mt s trang web cho ngi nc ngoi, v d nh: Couchsurfing.org,
Internations.org, meetup.com,Ngoi ra bn c th trc tip tm kim ti ni bn ang sng.
- Hy c gng lm mi th bng ngoi ng bn mun hc. V d nh cp nht tin tc, hc tp, nghin cu, tra cu thng tin, vit
ghi ch, k hoch, xem phim,
- Hc vi nhng ngi hc khc: i khi khng nht thit bn c phi lc no cng hc vi ngi bn x mi tt, hc vi nhng ngi
hc khc cng c nhng li th ring. Bn c th cng nhau hc hi, chia s kinh nghim, d dng giao tip hn nu l ngi cng nc
bn, c bit bn v h c chung mc ch hc tp.
- Cc phng tin thng tin i chng: s dng nhng phng tin ny cng l mt cch bao bc quanh bn ngn ng m bn
mun hc. V d: radio, Tivi,
- Cc chng trnh trao i ngn ng online: l nhng ni bn c th tm cho mnh nhng chin hu cng chung ch gip
nhau trong vic hc ngn ng.
V d: Italki.com
Ngoi ra bn c th tham gia cc lp hc online.
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Luyn ni ngy ngy l cch tuyt vi nhanh chng gip bn tin gn n mc tiu giao tip tri chy, vy ti sao khng bt
u ngay t ngay u tin? Hy hnh ng ngay i v ng cho mnh bt k l do no chn ch. D bn ch bit c vi ch
th vn c ni vi ch, iu tt hn l khng ni g c.
- Lm th no ni trong khi bn cha c vn t vng?
Tt nhin, bn phi hc trc mt cht v hy luyn ni ngay khi c th, bn phi s dng tt c nhng g bn c ngay lp tc, d bn mi
ch hc trong vi gi cng c.
Ngoi ra hy s dng c ngn ng c th, c ch, iu b th hin iu bn mun ni v khi giao tip hy da vo ng cnh on
ngha.
Hy mnh dn ni v ng s mc li v iu tt cho bn, hy hc t nhng li sai v t sa mnh tt hn.
- Gi hc u tin:
Hy ln k hoch cho bui gp g ni chuyn u tin, hn vi ngi bn ng hnh ca mnh v by gi, bn c mt thi hn
cho vic hc tp, hy hc nhiu nht c th trong thi gian t lc ny cho n bui gp mt.
Bn phi c gng ht sc c th chun b cho bui gp :
Hy hc ngay nhng mu cu thng dng hay dng, v d nh:
Hello, Goodbye
How are you?
What is your name?
Nice to meet you
I dont understand
Can you understand me?
Could you repeat that please? Or Again, please
Could you speak slower please?
What does it mean?
Yes, No
Thank you
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- Hy tp trung vo 1 v ch 1 ngn ng trong mt khong thi gian, hn ch ti a vic s dng ngn ng khc, ngay c ting m .
Bn cn quen vi vic suy ngh bng ngn ng mi m khng cn dch, hy quyt nh thay i thi quen v c cuc i bn.
- Phng php ca Jack Sparrow:
Vi nhng ngi mi bt u th vn trong nhng ln gp u tin l h ph qu nhiu thi gian cho vic m . Bn c th s cm
thy tht s l ngc ngch, bi ri v khng thoi mi trong nhng ln nh th. Nu c th bn nn hn ch nhng vp vp nh vy,
nhng ni d hn lm. Nhng ln bn khng ngh ra phi ni nh th no nh vy cn khin i phng phi ch i v khng thoi
mi. Nhng bng mt cch khc bn c th loi bt cng thng v s vng v v lm i phng thoi mi hn. V d nh, hy th
ng kch cm xem, s dng ngn ng c th din t cho h hiu m khng cn phi ni li no ht, thm ch bn s tr nn v cng
hi hc, vui tnh trong mt h.
Ngoi ra trong hu ht cc ngn ng u c nhng cch lp y nhng khong trng khi tr chuyn. Hy hc nhng cch nh vy
gip cuc tr chuyn di hn, lin tc hn, sun s hn m khng b ngt qung bi nhng khong im lng ngng ngng.
V d: tr li cho cu hi How is your food?, thay v ch tr li Good ri chng bit ni g hn, hy s dng cch trn xem sao. Thanks
for asking. To tell you the truth, I must say that the food is good. Let me ask you the same question: what do you think of your food?. l
mt v d, ngoi ra cn rt nhiu cch khc nh: well, you know, so,
- Cch vt qua nhng ngng ngng ban u: n gin ch cn dng nhng suy ngh hng v s ngng ngng, e th v chuyn
s tp trung sang nhng iu tch cc. Ngi l ch l nhng ngi bn nhng bn vn cha quen m thi. Hy hnh ng bt chp ni
s hi, ni s s bin mt, t mnh vo th khng cn ng thoi lui.
- Cui cng, hy lin tc tng dn kh th thch bn thn vn ln, v d tng thi gian ni chuyn ln, thay v ni chuyn trc tip
hy th skype ri cui cng l gi in thoi,
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11
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- Tham gia mt k thi thc y bn thn buc phi c gng mc cao nht:
vn ln n trnh thnh tho, nhun nhuyn th bn nn ng k mt k thi no y, n s gip bn nng cao kh nng s dng
ngn ng trn phm vi rng hn vi ch v tnh hung a dng. Cn nu khng thi th hu ht mi ngi ch tp trung pht trin ngn
ng gii hn trong ch , lnh vc m h cm thy yu thch hoc c lin quan n h.
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CHAPTER
nh ngi bn x
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CHAPTER
Lm sao c th ni nhiu ngn ng m khng b ln ln, nhm ln gia chng, lm sao khng b qun mt nhng ngn
ng bn thnh tho khi hc ngoi ng mi?
- Bn ch c th tr thnh mt ngi ni a ngn ng nu bn tht s c nim am m ln vi ngn ng, thch th vi vic sng bng
ngn ng , khm ph vn ho v con ngi t nc .
- Nhng hc nhiu ngoi ng cng mt lc li khng phi l mt kin hay, hy tp trung vo mt v ch mt ngn ng trong cng mt
thi im nht nh. Ch chuyn sang hc ngoi ng mi khi bn t tin vi ngn ng c, hay t n mc lu lot,thnh tho ngn
ng .
- Bao nhiu ngoi ng bn c th hc tt c? iu ny ph thuc vo nim am m ca bn v thi gian bn c th b ra cho vic hc
ngn ng, n cng ph thuc vo vic bn c nh sng vi ngn ng khng trong sut phn i cn li, ngn ng c nh hng
ln vi bn, c quan trng vi bn khng.
- Hy c gng suy ngh nh mt ngi bn x, hc vn ho, cch ni chuyn ca h, nhp vai vo mt ngi bn x thc th, bn s
khng b nhm ln hay ln ln khi s dng cc ngoi ng.
- Cch hc cho mi ngoi ng u tng i ging nhau, d l ngoi ng th n hay ngoi ng u tin, c bit bn c th hc mt ngn
ng khc thng qua nhng ngn ng khc bn bit. V d, bn c th hc Ting Nht d dng hn nu bn bit Ting Trung, v hai
loi ngn ng ny c nhiu im chung, c bit l b ch Hn v cng kh hc vi nhiu ngi.
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