This section will use the following four exact

differentials that occurs frequently.

Solution:

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Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

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Solution:

Solution:

For differential equation

Rule 1:

Rule 2:

Note: that the above criteria is

of no use if the equation does
not have an integrating factor
that is a function of x or y alone.
Steps
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Steps
1.

Take the coefficient of dx as M and the

coefficient of dy as N.

2.

Evaluate M/y and N/x.

3.

Take the difference M/y - N/x.

4.

Divide the result of Step 3 by N. If the

quotient is a function of x alone, use the
integrating factor defined in Rule 1 above
and proceed to Step 6. If the quotient is not
a function of x alone, proceed to Step 5.

5.

Divide the result of Step 3 by M. If the

quotient is a function of y alone, use the
integrating factor defined in Rule 2 above
and proceed to Step 6. If the quotient is not
a function of y alone, look for another
method of solving the equation.

6.

Multiply both sides of the given equation

by the integrating factor u, the new equation
which is uM dx + uN dy = 0 should be exact.

7.

Solve

the

result

of

equation or by inspection.

Solution:

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Step

by exact

Solution:

Solution:

neither a
function of x
alone nor y
alone

a function of y alone

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function y alone

Solution:

neither a
function of x
alone nor y
alone

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