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Ijetae 0313 09
Ijetae 0313 09
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013)
M.E., 2Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380 015
II.
I.
INTRODUCTION
B.
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
61
:
Where,
= Heat transfer coefficient, liquid phase, Btu/hrft2-F
= Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr-ft-F
= Inside diameter of tube, ft
= Absolute viscosity at bulk temperature, lb/ft-hr
= Absolute viscosity at wall temperature, lb/ft-hr
= Heat transfer coefficient, vapor phase, Btu/hrft2-F
= Bulk temperature of vapor, R
= Wall Temperature of vapor, R
= Mass flow of fluid, lb/hr-ft2
= Heat capacity of fluid at bulk temperature,
Btu/lb-F
For two-phase flow,
Where,
= Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-F
= Total outside thermal resistance, hr-ft2-F/Btu
And,
Where,
=
=
=
Where,
= Heat transfer coefficient, two-phase, Btu/hr-ft2F
= Weight fraction of liquid
= Weight fraction of vapor
( )
Where,
= Effective outside heat transfer coefficient,
Btu/hr-ft2-F
= Inside film heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2F
= Tube-wall thickness, ft
= Tube wall thermal conductivity, Btu/hr-ft-F
= Outside tube surface area, ft2/ft
= Mean area of tube wall, ft2/ft
= Inside tube surface area, ft2/ft
= Inside fouling resistance, hr-ft2-F/Btu
Where,
= Average outside heat transfer coefficient,
Btu/hr-ft2-F
= Fin efficiency
= Total outside surface area, ft2/ft
= Fin outside surface area, ft2/ft
= Outside tube surface area, ft2/ft
for
i.
Where,
= Outside heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-F
= Outside radiation heat transfer coefficient,
Btu/hr-ft2-F
= Outside fouling resistance, hr-ft2-F/Btu
15,000,
62
Inline pattern,
(
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
iii.
Where,
=
=
=
iv.
Mass Velocity,
=
=
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
And,
Net Free Area,
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Fin height, ft
Outside diameter of tube, ft
Transverse tube pitch, ft
fin thickness, ft
number of fins, fins/ft
Where,
=
Reynolds number
Geometry correction, :
For segmented fin tubes arranged in, a staggered
pattern,
v.
an inline pattern,
(
(
an inline pattern,
)
((
)(
Where,
=
=
Fin height, in
Fin spacing, in
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
63
))
And then,
vi.
PROPERTY
Tube
Fin Efficiency, :
For segmented fins,
And for solid fins,
(
Where,
And,
Where,
Combustion
Firebox
Process fluid
Flue gas
vii.
(Radiant)
(Shield)
Acp (Radiant)
Acp (Shield)
Acp (Radiant)
Acp (Shield)
(Acp)r+(Acp)s
AR/
((Acp)r+(Acp)s)
Where,
=
=
IV.
Gas Temperature, F
Tube Wall Temperature, F
Partial pressure
Mean beam length
P*l
Emissivity
Exchange factor
Radiantion
Heat Transfer
EXCEL P ROGRAMMING
64
DETAIL
OD, in (do)
thickness, in (tw)
No of tubes (Nt)
(Radiant)
No of tubes (Nt)
(Shield)
Effective length, ft
(Le) (Radiant)
Effective length, ft
(Le) (Shield)
Tube spacing, in
(CC) (Radiant)
No of tubes per row
(Nt/r) (Shield)
Transverse pitch, in
(Pt) (Shield)
Fraction excess air
Diameter, ft (D)
Mean wall
temperature, (Tt), R
Flue gas
temperature (Tg), R
(-)
Assumed (-)
ft2
ft2
ft2
ft2
ft2
AT, ft2
Area of Shield
Section, ft2 (As)
AR, ft2
AR/
((Acp)r+(Acp)s)
atm (P)
ft
atm-ft
E
F
Btu/hr
MM Kcal/hr
AMOUNT
8.626
0.05118
40
12
35.07
18.31
16
4
16
0.15
19.98
1097.95
2077.1
0.9086
1
1870.52
97.64
1699.51
97.64
1797.15
2103.81
97.64
306.66
0.17
0.256
13.32
3.406
0.5087
0.5129
3.37*10^7
8.488
PROPERTY
Fin
Tube
Process Fluid
Flue Gas
DETAIL
Height, in (lf)
Thickness, in (tf)
No of fins, fins/ft
(nf)
Ther. Cond., Btu/hrft-F (kf)
OD, in (do)
Thickness, in (tw)
No of rows (Nr)
No of tubes per row
(Nw)
Effective tube
length, ft (Le)
Pitch, in (Pt)
Wall temp, F (Tw)
Wall Ther. Cond.,
Btu/hr-ft-F (kw)
Inlet temp, F (t1)
Outlet temp, F (t2)
Ther. Cond., (Liq),
Btu/hr-ft-F (kl)
Ther. Cond. (Vap),
Btu/hr-ft-F (kv)
Sp. Heat (Liq),
Btu/lb-F (cp,l)
Sp. Heat (Vap),
Btu/lb-F (cp,v)
Viscosity (Liq),
lb/hr-ft (l)
Viscosity (Vap),
lb/hr-ft (v)
Mass flow rate,
lb/hr
Wt fraction (Liq)
(Wl)
Wt fraction (Vap)
(Wv)
Fouling factor,hrft2-F/Btu (Rfi)
Inlet temp, F (t1)
Outlet temp, F (t2)
Mass flow rate,
lb/hr (Wg)
Ther. Cond., Btu/hrft-F (kg)
Sp. Heat, Btu/lb-F
(cp,g)
Viscosity, lb/hr-ft
(g)
hi, Btu/hr-ft2-F
efficient
Mass Velocity of
Flue Gas
Colburn HT Factor
Outside Film HT
co-efficient
Average Outside HT
co-efficient
Fin Efficiency
Effective Outside
HT co-efficient
Overall HT coefficient
LMTD
HT Area
Convection Heat
Transfer
AMOUNT
1
0.05118
60
21.292
8.626
0.5
5
4
18.307
16
959
12.83
Gn, lb/hr-ft2
1017.79
j
hc, Btu/hr-ft2-F
0.00543
2.0291
ho, Btu/hr-ft2-F
2.599
E
he, Btu/hr-ft2-F
0.9838
2.5595
Uo, Btu/hr-ft2-F
1.9348
F
ft2
Btu/hr
MM Kcal/hr
430.28
10102.93
8.4*10^6
2.119
Table III
Heat Balance
PROPERTY
Assumed amount of
Radiant HT
Assumed amount of
Convection HT
Thermal Efficiency
Total Heat Input (Qfuel)
Total Heat Transferred
(Qht)
Radiant HT (Qr)
Convection HT (Qc)
Heat Loss (Qloss)
609.8
621.1
0.04939
0.11995
0.694
0.8985
0.31448
0.0508
DETAIL
AMOUNT
80
20
% (given)
MM Kcal/hr
MM Kcal/hr
(given)
MM Kcal/hr
MM Kcal/hr
MM Kcal/hr
(2.5% of Qfuel)
MM Kcal/hr
(=Qfuel-Qht-Qloss)
90.7
11.70
10.61
8.488
2.122
0.2924
0.7955
1054905.3
V.
0.7
CONCLUSION
0.3
0.00391
1472
788
42620.545
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
0.0353
[4]
0.3087
[5]
0.0883
461.16
65