pulse voltage impulses leading to repetitive high pulse corona discharges. The second. series of tests conducted ata laboratory in Russia involves evaluation of statistically reliable tests of lightning protection using single or multiple objects or objects of large area, Tests were performed in the laboratory using 10-15 m spark lengths. Particular autention was given to lightning rods equipped with a toroidal conductor atthe top. The dimensions of the lightning protection zones were determined for different geometrical configurations of the fightning rod or rods. 10. (*) AUTHORS Alllen, N. Ls Dring, D. ‘TITLE Variation in Corona Formation under Repetitive Impulse Conditions TYPE conference PAGE 41.01- CONFERENCE —_Fourth Intemational Symposium on High Voltage Engineering LOCATION Athens, Greece DATE, Sept, 5, 1983 KEYWORD experiment; corona; streamers; impulse breakdown; ion density LANGUAGE English ABSTRACT ‘The formation, appearance and properties of positive corona are shown to vary, during impulse testing, depending upon the test procedures adopted. These procedures are shown to affect the ambient negative fon density prior to each impulse: alow ion density ‘tends to result in a “coarse” corona, with clearly visible streamers, and a high ion density, ‘winich has been calculated, results in a “ine” corona with appearance similar to a glow. Fine corona is associated with smaller currents extending over a longer time, and with @ larger charge deposition, than coarse corona, 11. 4) AUTHORS, Allibone, TE; Meek, JM. TITLE ‘The Development of the Spark Discharge TYPE journal PAGE 97-126 JOURNAL, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A VOLUME 166 DATE June 16, 1938 KEYWORD experiment; spark discharge; leader velocity; air breakdown; photography LANGUAGE English ABSTRACT COMMENT: ‘This work reports on te results from photographic observations of electrical discharge (spark) development under impulso conditions in point-sphere, sphere-point, point-point, and sphere-sphere electrode gaps in air. The sequential photographic records are used to extract estimates of leader velocity. Data are presented for both positive and negative type discharges and factors influencing spark development are discussed. The relevance of the observed spark structure to lightning discharges is also considered. The spark photographs prove the existence of a “pilot” streamer that travels in front of the stepped leader and prepares an ionized path for the subsequent step. ‘This work presents the frst observations which clearly showed that a negative discharge is always accompanied by a positive discharge developing from the earthed electrode that ‘meets the leader from the negative discharge in the mid-gap region. 34