`SYSTEMS

hold sewerage system

Aerobic treatment
system
Introduction
An aerobic treatment system or ATS, is a small
scale Unlike the traditional septic system, the
aerobic treatment system produces a high quality
secondary effluent, which can be sterilized and
used for surface irrigation system.
Unlike the traditional septic system, the aerobic
treatment system produces a high quality
secondary effluent, which can be sterilized and
used for surface irrigation.

Process
Pre-treatment stage to remove large solids and
other undesirable substances from the
wastewater.
Aeration stage, where the aerobic bacteria
digest the biological wastes in the wastewater
Settling stage to allow any undigested solids to
settle. This forms a sludge which must be
periodically removed from the system
Disinfecting stage, where chlorine or similar
disinfectant is mixed with the water, to produce
an antiseptic output.

Types of aerobic
treatment systems

Fixed film systems

Fixed film systems use a porous medium which
provides a bed to support the biomass film that
digests the waste material in the wastewater.
Designs for fixed film systems vary widely, but fall into
two basic categories .The first is a system where the
media is moved relative to the wastewater, alternately
immersing the film and exposing it to air, while the
second uses a stationary media, and varies the
wastewater flow so the film is alternately submerged
and exposed to air.
In both cases, the biomass must be exposed to both
wastewater and air for the aerobic digestion to occur.
The film itself may be made of any suitable porous
material, such as formed plastic.

Continuous flow, suspended

growth aerobic systems
CFSGAS systems, as the name imply,
are designed to handle continuous flow,
and do not provide a bed for a bacterial
film, relying rather on bacteria suspended
in the wastewater.
The suspension and aeration are
typically provided by an air pump, which
pumps air through the aeration chamber,
providing a constant stirring of the
wastewater in addition to the
oxygenation.

Composting toilets
Composting toilets are designed to treat only
toilet waste, rather than general residential waste
water, and are typically used with water-free toilets
rather than the flush toilets.
These systems treat the waste as a moist solid,
rather than in liquid suspension, and therefore
separate liquids from solids during treatment to
maintain the correct moisture level.
Within the chamber, the liquids and solids are
independently broken down not only by aerobic
bacteria, but also by fungi and earthworms.
Treatment times are very long, with a minimum
time between removals of solid waste of a year;

Filter Bed Systems

These systems utilized gravel as the media
through which the sewage would be
filtered. Unfortunately, these older systems
did not function well and did not have the
ability to properly filter sewage prior to
discharging an effluent to the environment.
Modern filter bed systems now utilize filter
sand as the filtration media. The sand has
a filtration capability which is far superior
to that of gravel.

Leaching Tile Fields

The sewage flows from the tank to the leaching
area where it drains from clay tile or perforated
pipes laid in gravel trenches.
The wastewater then enters the soil where it must
be properly filtered, distributed, and absorbed so
that it does not pose a contamination threat to
groundwater.
Poorly drained soils are typically saturated with
water during wet weather and stay wet for long
periods of time. This forcing sewerage water to rise
and collect on the surface of earth thus causing
foul smell.

E-T (evapo-transpiration)
Fields
Leaching systems may need to be installed at a
shallower depth due to shallow bedrock or elevated
groundwater conditions.
These systems are designed with wider trenches which
utilize evaporation to the air and transpiration to grasses
and plants to help dispose of the wastewater. These
systems are often called E-T (evapo-transpiration)
systems.
Just like conventional leaching systems, they incorporate
a distribution system of perforated pipes which disperse
wastewater throughout a series of gravel trenches.
A series of distribution boxes assist in evenly spreading
the flow throughout all of the trenches in the system.

Mound Systems
A mound system is an alternative to the
traditional rural septic system or leach field
.
The mound system is an engineered
leaching field used in areas where septic
systems are more prone to failure due to
having extremely slow or extremely fast
permeable soils, soil with shallow cover
over porous bedrock, and soils that have
high seasonal water table.
Sand fill is used to enhance treatment of
the wastewater prior to entering the

 If the soil permeability is too low,

liquid is not absorbed fast enough,
resulting in surface ponding of
unsanitary liquids.
If the soil permeability is too high, or
is exposed fractured bedrock, the
wastewater quickly penetrates down
to the water table before the biofilm
has time to purify the water, leading
to contamination of the aquifer

Drip Distribution
Systems
Drip Distribution Systems are installed very shallow
in the soil, at the surface of the ground or on top of
a bed of sand, depending on the specific limiting
conditions on the property.
The systems are pressurized to ensure the even
distribution of wastewater into the soil. They utilize
small diameter tubing with pressure compensating
emitters to apply wastewater uniformly over an
infiltration surface.
Drip distribution works on the principle of timed
micro-dosing to maintain aerobic conditions in the
soil.

Types Treatment of industrial

wastewater

Solids removal
Most solids can be removed using
simple sedimentation techniques with
the solids recovered as sludge.

Oils and grease removal

Many oils can be recovered from open
water surfaces by skimming devices.
Because grease skimming involves higher
viscosity hydrocarbons, skimmers must be
equipped with heaters powerful enough to
keep grease fluid for discharge.
The wastewaters from large-scale industries
such as oil refineries, petrochemical plants,
chemical plants, and natural gas processing
plants commonly contain gross amounts of
oil and suspended solids. Those industries
use a device known as an API oil-water
separator which is designed to separate the

Removal of biodegradable organics

Biodegradable organic material of plant or
animal origin is usually possible to treat using
extended conventional wastewater treatment
processes such as activated sludge or
trickling filter. Problems can arise if the
wastewater is excessively diluted with
washing water or is highly concentrated such
as neat blood or milk. The presence of
cleaning agents, disinfectants, pesticides, or
antibiotics can have detrimental impacts on
treatment processes