Copyright® The McGraw Hil Comparies, Ine Permission requredfor rpredusion or display Principal Endocrine Glands and Hormones Endocrine Hormone Ghemical Target Ghief Functions) Glend, Relecsed Gloss Tisues/Organs of iormene Hypothalamus ‘Hypothalamic-releasing and Peptide ‘Anterior pituitary Reguate anterior puitary hormones inhibiting hormones Peuicary gand Posterior pituitary _Antiiuretic (ADH) Peptide Kidneys Scimulates water reabsorption by Kedneys Oxytocin Poptide Uterus, mammary Stimulates worine muscle contraction; lands release of milk by mammary glands Anterior pituitary Thyroic-stimulating (TSH) Ghcoprotein Thyroid ‘Scimlates thyreid ‘Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) Peptide Adeenal cortex Scimlates adrenal cortex Gonadotropie (FSH, LH) Glycoprotein Gonads Fag and sperm producton: sex hormone production Frotactin (PRL) Protein Mammary glands Milk production Growth (GH) Protein Soft tissues, bones Cel division, protein synthesis, and bone growth Melanocyte stimulating (MSH) Feptde Melanocytes in skin Unknown function in humans; regulates skin color in lower vertebrates Thyroid ‘Thyroxine (T,) and tritodothyronine (T;) lodinated ——_Alitissues Increases metabolic rate; regulates amino acid growth and development Caketonin Peptide Bones, kidneys, Lowers blood calcium level intestine Parathyroids Parathyroid (PTH) Peptide Bones, kidneys, Raises blood calcium level IntestineDL. £ °&««| Principal Endocrine Glands and Hormones Copyright® The McGraw Hil Comparies, Ine Permission requred for rpredusion or display Endocrine Hormone Gremical Target ef Funetin(s) Gland Felewsed Gass Tisives/Organs of Harmen ‘Adrenal and ‘Adrenalcortex _Glucocoricoids (corso) Steroid Allussues False blood glucose level; simulate breakdown of protein Minoraloconicoids (aldosterone) Steroid Kicnoye Reabrorb sodium and excrato potaztum Sex hormones Steroid Gonads, ski Stimulate reproductive organs and bring rruscles, bones _—_abour sex characteristics ‘Adrenal medulla Epinephrine and norepinephrine Modiied Cardiac and other Released in emergency situations aise amino add muscles biood glucose level Pancreas Insulin Protein Liver, muscles Lowers blood glucose level adipose Gesue Promotes formation of glycogen iucagon Protein Liver, muscles, Fuses blood glucose level adipose tissue Gonads Testes Androgens (eststerore) Seereid Gonads, wate male sex characterises ‘muscles, bones Ovaries Estrogers and progesterone Steroid ‘Gonads, skin, Stimulate female sex characteristics muscle, bones Thymus Thymosins Peptide TT lymphocytes-—_—Stimulate production and maturation OFT ymphocyres Pineal gland Melatonin Modfied Brain Controls circadian and cireannual amino acd rhythms; posiby insohed in ‘maturation of sexual organs