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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition
RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
Chapter 1
1-1*
From a free-body diagram of the forearm,
the equilibrium equations give
Fy = 0 :
T F W 20 = 0
4 M F = 0 :
1.5T 5.5W 11.5 ( 20 ) = 0
T = 3.667W + 153.33 lb ............................... Ans.

F = 2.667W + 133.33 lb ............................... Ans.
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1-2*
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
T2 cos10 T1 sin10 = 0
T1 cos10 T2 sin10 175 ( 9.81) = 0
are solved to get
T1 = 5.67128T2
T1 = 1799 N .............................................................................. Ans.
T2 = 317 N ................................................................................ Ans.
T3 = 175 ( 9.81) = 1717 N ....................................................... Ans.
1-3
The equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
N A sin 30 N B sin 30 = 0
N A cos 30 + N B cos 30 800 = 0
are solved to get
N A = NB
N A = 462 lb
60 ................................................................ Ans.
N B = 462 lb
60 ................................................................ Ans.
1-4*
Ax N B sin 45o = 0
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
Ay + N B cos 45o 300 = 0
1.5 ( N B cos 45o ) 1.5 ( 300 ) = 0
are solved to get
N B = 424.264 N 424 N
Ax = 300 N
A = 300 N
45............................. Ans.
Ay = 0 N
........................................................ Ans.
1-5
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
Ax = 0
Ay 250 = 0
M A 3 ( 250 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 lb
A = 250 lb
Ay = 250 lb
.....................................................Ans.
M A = 750 lb ft 4 .................................................Ans.
1-6
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
Ay 10 15 + N F = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
9 N F 3 (10 ) 6 (15 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 kN
Ay = 11.6667 kN
N F = 13.3333 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section of the truss,
the equations of equilibrium
4 M C = 0 :
3 (13.3333) 3TDE = 0
4 M D = 0 :
3TBC 3 (15 ) + 6 (13.3333) = 0
Fy = 0 :
13.3333 15 TCD cos 45o = 0
are solved to get
TDE = 13.33 kN (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.

TBC = 11.67 kN = 11.67 kN (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
TCD = 2.36 kN = 2.36 kN (C) ...................................................................................... Ans.

1-7*
4 M A = 0 :
27 N F 13 ( 33cos15 ) + 4 ( 35sin15 ) = 0
N F = 14.93561 lb 14.94 lb
Z Fx = 0 :
P cos 30 35sin15 = 0
P = 10.46005 lb 10.46 lb
^ Fy = 0 :
N R = 24.1 lb
75 ............. Ans.
15 ................ Ans.
N R + N F P sin 30 35cos15 = 0
75 .......................................... Ans.
1-8
Fy = 0 :
P + 4060 5210 = 0
P = 1150 N .......................................................................................Ans.
4 M A = 0 :
C 16 ( 4060 ) 37 ( 5210 ) = 0
C = 257, 730 N mm 258 N m ...............................................Ans.
1-9*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
Ay 10 20 + N E = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
45 N E 15 (10 ) 30 ( 20 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 kip
Ay = 13.3333 kip
N E = 16.6667 kip
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section
of the truss, the equations of equilibrium
4 M F = 0 :
15 N E + 15 (TDE sin 30 ) = 0
4 M E = 0 :
15 ( 20 ) 15 (TCF sin 60 ) = 0
4 M C = 0 :
22.5 N E 7.5 ( 20 ) (15cos 30 ) TFG = 0
are solved to get
TCD = 33.3333 kip 33.3 kip (C) ............................................................................... Ans.

TCF = +23.094 kip 23.1 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
TFG = +17.32 kip = 17.32 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.

1-10*
W = 2000 ( 9.81) = 19, 620 N
Z Fx = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
^ Fy = 0 :
P W sin 30 = 0
2 (W sin 30 ) 2 (W cos 30 ) + 3 N F 1P = 0
N R + N F W cos 30 = 0
P = 9810 N = 9.81 kN
30 ............................... Ans.
N R = 8933.806 N 8.93 kN
60 .................... Ans.
N F = 8057.612 N 8.06 kN
60 ................... Ans.
1-11
From a free-body diagram of the brake pedal, the equilibrium
equations are solved to get the forces
4 M A = 0 :
5.5Q ( 30 cos 30 )(11) ( 30sin 30 )( 4 ) = 0
Q = 62.871 lb
Fx = 0 :
Ax Q + 30 cos 30 = 0
Ax = 36.890 lb
Fy = 0 :
Ay 30sin 30 = 0
Ay = 15.00 lb
A = 39.8 lb
22.13 ........................................................... Ans.
Q = 62.9 lb ........................................................................ Ans.
1-12*
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces and moment
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
Ay 2 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay = 2 kN
4 M A = 0 :
M A 2 ( 4) 3 = 0
M A = 11 kN m
A = 2 kN ................................................................................................................................ Ans.
M A = 11 kN m 4 ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-13
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
4 M A = 0 :
15 B 3 ( 500 ) 6 ( 800 )
9 ( 700 ) 12 ( 400 ) = 0
B = 1160 lb
Fy = 0 :
Ay + B 500 800 700 400 = 0
Ay = 1240 lb
A = 1240 lb ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

B = 1160 lb ............................................................................................................................ Ans.

1-14
W = 450 ( 9.81) = 4414.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,

vertical equilibrium equation gives the tension
Fy = 0 :
2T1 4414.50 = 0
T1 = 2207.25 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper pulley,
moment equilibrium equation gives the force F
4 M axle = 0 :
100T1 90T1 100 F = 0
F = 221 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-15*
From a free-body diagram of the bracket, the equilibrium equations
4 M A = 0 :
18 B (12 )(10 ) 2 (12 3) = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ax + B = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay (12 )(10 ) 2 = 0
Are solved to get the forces
B = 13.333 lb
Ax = 13.333 lb
Ay = 60.0 lb
A = 61.464 lb 61.5 lb
77.47 ..................................... Ans.
B = 13.33 lb ....................................................................... Ans.
1-16
(a) From a free-body diagram of the plane, the force
equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
Fx = 0 :
V 40 cos 70 70 cos16 = 0
Fy = 0 :
N 40sin 70 70sin16 = 0
V = 81.0 N .........................................Ans.
N = 56.882 N 56.9 N .................Ans.
(b)
Then the moment equilibrium equation gives

the required location of the normal force
4 M A = 0 :
( 70 cos16 )( 75) ( 70sin16 )( 280 ) + Nd

+ ( 40 cos 70 )( 60 ) ( 40sin 70 )( 60 ) = 0
d = 31.5 mm
31.5 mm (from the left end of plane) ....................................................................... Ans.

1-17*
4 M A = 0 :
1.25 N D 9 ( 25 ) = 0
N D = 180.0 lb ....................................Ans.
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
Ax + N D sin 38 = 0
Ay 25 N D cos 38 = 0
Ax = 110.8 lb
A = 200.3 lb
Ay = 166.8 lb
56.4 ................................................................... Ans.
1-18*
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
moment equilibrium gives
FA cos + Bx = 0
Fx = 0 :
FA sin 100 + By = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
93 (100 ) 28 ( FA sin ) + 5 ( FA cos ) = 0
30
= 30.964
50
FA = 919.116 N
= tan 1
Bx = 788.136 N
By = 372.881 N
Then a free body diagram of the upper jaw gives
4 M C = 0 :
Fd + 12 By + 35 Bx = 0
d = 352 + 152 = 38.0789 mm

Therefore
F = 842 N
F = 842 N
66.8 on the jaw

66.8 on the block.......................................................................................... Ans.
1-19
Use W = 3750 lb (the weight carried by one truss). Then by symmetry (or from equilibrium of a free-body
diagram of the entire truss) each support carries half of the total weight
E y = Ay = W 2 = 1875 lb
Also by symmetry (or equilibrium of a free-body diagram of the truck), the trucks weight is divided equally
between its front and rear wheels.
N F = N R = W 2 = 1875 lb
Then equilibrium of the floor panel between pins G and H gives
10G1 4 (1875 ) = 0
4 M H = 0 :
G1 = 750 lb
6 (1875 ) 10 H1 = 0
4 M G = 0 :
H1 = 1125 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of a section of the left side of the truss
= tan 1
4 M B = 0 :
5
= 26.565
10
= tan 1
8
= 38.660
10
8TGH 5 (1875 ) = 0
TGH = 1171.875 lb
4 M G = 0 :
15 (1875 ) 8 (TBC cos ) 10 (TBC sin ) + 10 (1125 ) = 0
TBC = 1451.295 lb 1451 lb (C) ............................................. Ans.

Fy = 0 :
1875 + TBC sin TBG sin 1125 = 0
TBG = +161.6 lb = 161.6 lb (T) ................................................... Ans.

Finally, from a free-body diagram of pin C
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TCD cos TBC cos = 0
TBC sin TCD sin TCG = 0
TCD = 1451.295 lb
TCG = +1298 lb = 1298 lb (T) ...................................................... Ans.
1-20*
Cut a section through CD, DG, and FG, and draw a free-body diagram
of the upper-portion of the truss. The equilibrium equations give
4 M G = 0 :
4 M D = 0 :
( 5cos 30 )( 9 ) ( 5sin 30 )( 4 ) + TCD ( 3) = 0

( 5cos 30 )( 6 ) TFG ( 3) = 0
TCD = 9.66 kN = 9.66 kN (C) ................... Ans.

TFG = 8.66 kN (T) .......................................... Ans.
1-21
A free-body diagram of cylinder A gives
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
N AB cos 60 N AC cos 60 = 0
N AB sin 60 + N AC sin 60 100 = 0
N AB = N AC = 57.73503 lb
Then, from a free-body diagram of cylinder B
Fx = 0 :
B sin N AB cos 60 N BC = 0
Fy = 0 :
B cos N AB sin 60 200 = 0
The minimum force occurs when N BC = 0 , therefore
N AB cos 60
B sin
= tan =
B cos
N AB sin 60 + 200
= 6.59 ........................................................................................... Ans.

1-22
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the pulley
T cos T cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
T sin + T sin 2452.50 = 0
=
From the geometry of the cable
a + b = 42 m
( a + b ) cos = 40 m
= cos 1
40
= 17.7528
42
Also from the geometry of the cable
h = a sin = 6 + b sin
Therefore
( a b ) = 6 sin = 19.67789 m
which together with a + b = 42 m gives
a = 30.83895 m
b = 11.16105 m
x = a cos = 29.4 m ...................................................................... Ans.
T = 4020 N ...................................................................................... Ans.

1-23*
Max pull occurs when either the rear wheels begin to slip B = 0.8 By
) or when the front wheels start to lift off the
ground Ay = 0 . The force which makes the front wheels lift off of the ground is
4 M B = 0 :
8 (15, 000 ) 5 ( P cos 30 ) 10 ( P sin 30 ) = 0
P = 12,862 lb 12.86 kip ................................................................................................... Ans.

Checking the amount of friction required and the amount of friction available for this pulling force
Fx = 0 :
P sin 30 Bx = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay + By 15, 000 P cos 30 = 0
Ay = 0
Bx = 6431 lb (friction required)
By = 26,138 lb
0.8 ( 26138 ) = 20,911 lb (friction available)
Since the friction required is much less than the friction available, we made the correct guess.
1-24
Divide the weight by 2 since there are two frames
W = 200 ( 9.81) 2 = 981 N

Then from a free-body diagram of the drum
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
N1 cos 45 N 2 cos 45 = 0
0.4 N1 sin 45 + N 2 sin 45 981 = 0
N1 = N 2 = 693.672 N 694 N ................................................Ans.

Finally from a free-body diagram of one leg
4 M C = 0 :
1T 1A 0.8 N 2 = 0
Fx = 0 :
T + Cx + N 2 sin 45 = 0
Fy = 0 :
A + C y N 2 cos 45 = 0
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
A = 981 2 = 490.5 N .............................................................. Ans.

and then
T = 1045.4376 N 1045 N .................................................. Ans.
Cx = 1535.94 N 1536 N ............................................ Ans.

C y = 0 N .................................................................................... Ans.
1-25*
The components of the three tension forces are
TA = TA
20i + 30 j 50k
202 + 302 + 502

= 0.32444TAi + 0.48666TA j 0.81111TAk
TB = TB
16i 25 j 50k
162 + 252 + 502

= 0.27517TB i 0.42995TB j 0.85990TB k
TC = TC
25i 15 j 50k
252 + 152 + 502

= 0.43193TC i 0.25916TC j 0.86387TC k
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x:
0.32444TA + 0.27517TB 0.43193TC = 0
y:
0.48666TA 0.42995TB 0.25916TC = 0
z:
0.81111TA 0.85990TB 0.86387TC + 900 = 0
TA = 418.214 lb 418 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.

TB = 205.219 lb 205 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC = 444.876 lb 445 lb .................................................................................................... Ans.
1-26*
The components of the forces are
W = 100 ( 9.81) k = 981k N
TA = TA
4i 8 j + 5k
4 2 + 82 + 5 2
= 0.39036TAi 0.78072TA j + 0.48795TAk
TB = TB
6i 8 j + 5k
6 2 + 8 2 + 52
= 0.53666TB i 0.71554TB j + 0.44721TB k
TC = TC
8 j + 5k
82 + 5 2
= 0.84800TC j + 0.53000TC k
x:
0.39036TA 0.53666TB = 0
y:
0.78072TA 0.71554TB + 0.84800TC = 0
z:
0.48795TA + 0.44721TB + 0.53000TC 981 = 0

TA = 603.139 N 603 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TB = 438.716 N 439 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC = 925.473 N 925 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
1-27
From a free-body diagram of pin A
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TAF cos 45 TAB cos 45 = 0

20 TAB sin 45 TAF sin 45 = 0
TAB = TAF = 14.14214 lb 14.14 lb .................................... Ans.

Finally from a free-body diagram of BCD
Fx = 0 :
TAB cos 45 + Cx + Dx = 0
Fy = 0 :
TAB sin 45 + C y Dy = 0
4 M C = 0 :
2 Dx 1.5 (10 ) 2 (TAB cos 45 ) 1(TAB sin 45 ) = 0
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
Dy = 20 2 = 10 lb
and then
Cx = 32.500 lb 32.5 lb
C y = 0 lb
Dx = 22.500 lb 22.5 lb
C = 32.5 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
D = 24.6 lb
24.0 ..................................................................... Ans.
1-28
From a free body diagram of the wheel and arm BC
Fx = 0 :
TCD + Bx = 0
2700 By = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
150 ( 2700 ) 325TCD = 0
Bx = 1246 N
By = 2700 N
B = 2970 N
65.2 (on AB) ....................................................... Ans.
TCD = 1246.154 N 1246 N (C) ............................................. Ans.

Then from a free-body diagram of the arm AB (and assuming that the
spring pushes perpendicularly against the arm)
4 M A = 0 :
100 (1246.154 ) 500 ( 2700 ) + bFS = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ax 1246.154 + FS sin = 0
2700 FS cos + Ay = 0
Fy = 0 :
= tan 1
50
= 11.310
250
b = 502 + 2502 = 254.951 mm
FS = 5783.92 N 5780 N (C) .................................................... Ans.

Ax = 111.827 N
A = 2970 N
Ay = 2971.60 N
87.8 .................................................................... Ans.
1-29*
First equilibrium of an overall free-body diagram gives
Fx = 0 :
Ax 100 = 0
Fy = 0 :
200 Ay = 0
12 N F 24 (100 ) = 0
4 M A = 0 :
Ax = 100 lb
Ay = 200 lb
N F = 200 lb
A = 224 lb
63.4 ...............................Ans.
Then from a free-body diagram of the bar ABCD
Fx = 0 :
Ax + Cx FBE cos 45 100 = 0

C y + FE sin 45 Ay = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M C = 0 :
18 Ax + 6 ( FBE cos 45 ) 6 (100 ) = 0
Cx = 400 lb
C y = 200 lb
FBE = 565.685 lb 566 lb

C = 447 lb
45 .................................. Ans.
26.6 ............................................................ Ans.
1-30 The total weight of water carried by each truss is
WT = 1000 ( 9.81)( 0.2 )( 3.6 )( 2 ) = 14,126.40 N
By symmetry (or overall equilibrium) the support reactions at A and F are
Ay = F = WT 2 = 7063.20 N
The weight of water carried by each roof panel is
WP = 1000 ( 9.81)( 0.2 )(1.2 )( 2 ) = 4708.80 N

and by symmetry (or equilibrium of the panel) half of this load is carried by the pins at each end of the panel
B = E = WP 2 = 2354.40 N
sin = 0.8000
C = D = 2 (WP 2 ) = 4708.80 N
cos = 0.6000
Then, equilibrium of Pin B gives
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TBC = 0
TAB 2354.40 = 0
TAB = 2354.40 N
Pin E:
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TDE = 0
TEF 2354.40 = 0
TEF = 2354.40 N
Pin A:
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TAH + TAC cos = 0

7063.20 + ( 2354.40 ) + TAC sin = 0
TAH = 3531.60 N
TAC = 5886.00 N
Pin H:
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TGH ( 3531.60 ) = 0
TGH = 3531.60 N
TCH = 0
Pin C:
Fx = 0 :
TCD + TCG cos ( 5886 ) cos ( 0 ) = 0
Fy = 0 : 4708.80 ( 5886 ) sin ( 0 ) TCG sin = 0
TCD = 3531.60 N
TCG = 0 N
Pin G:
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TFG ( 3531.60 ) ( 0 ) cos = 0
( 0 ) sin + TDG = 0
TFG = 3531.60 N
TDG = 0 N
Pin D:
Fy = 0 :
4708.80 ( 0 ) TDF sin = 0
TDF = 5886.00 N
1-30 (cont.)
The member forces are
AB: 2350 N (C) ...............................DE:
0 N ............................................................ Ans.
AC: 5890 N (C) ................................DF: 5890 N (C) .................................................... Ans.

AH: 3530 N (T) ................................DG:
BC:
0 N ............................................................ Ans.
0 N .......................................EF: 2350 N (C) .................................................... Ans.
CD: 3530 N (C) ................................FG: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.

CG:
0 N .......................................GH: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.
CH:
0 N ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
1-31
The equations of equilibrium for the two blocks are
T sin N 2 cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
T cos + N1 sin = 0
Fy = 0 :
T cos + N 2 sin 150 = 0

T sin + N1 cos 200 = 0
Adding the second and third equation together gives
N1 sin + N 2 sin = 150

while subtracting the first equation from the last equation gives
N1 cos + N 2 cos = 200

Dividing these two equations gives
( N1 + N 2 ) sin
( N1 + N 2 ) cos
= tan =
150
200
= 36.87
N1 + N 2 = 250 lb
Now the first two equations can be rewritten
T sin 2 N 2 sin cos = 0

T cos 2 + N1 sin cos = 0
and subtracting the second equation from the first gives
T ( sin 2 + cos 2 ) = ( N1 + N 2 ) sin cos

T (1) = ( 250 )( 0.6000 )( 0.8000 )
T = 120 lb
(a)
(b)
(c)
N1 = 160 lb ......................................... N 2 = 90 lb ............................................................... Ans.

T = 120 lb ................................................................................................................................ Ans.
= 36.87 ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-32*
ABC is an equilateral triangle with a height of
h = 950sin 60 = 822.724 mm , and
W = 60 ( 9.81) k = 588.60k N
475 j + 822.724k
950
= 0.50000 FAB j + 0.86603FAB k
FAB = FAB
Moment equilibrium about C
M C = 0 :
( 0.95i ) ( By j + Bz k )
( 0.95 j) ( 0.50000 FAB j + 0.86603FABk )
+ ( 0.475i + 0.23750 j + 0.411362k ) ( 588.6k ) = 0
has components
x:
0.82272 FAB 139.7925 = 0
y:
0.95Bz 279.585 = 0
z:
0 0.95By = 0
FAB = 169.915 N 169.9 N (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
By = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Bz = 294.300 N 294 N .................................................................................................... Ans.
x:
Cx = 0
y:
C y + ( 0 ) 0.5 (169.915 ) = 0
z:
294.300 + Cz 588.6 + 0.86603 (169.915 ) = 0
Cx = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
C y = 84.958 N 85.0 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
Cz = 147.15 N 147.2 N .................................................................................................... Ans.

1-33
P = Pj
Moment equilibrium about C
M C = 0 :
( 50k ) ( Dx i + Dy j)
+ ( 20k + 2.5i ) ( 40 j)
+ (11k 17.32051i + 10 j) ( Pj) = 0
has components
x:
+50 Dy 800 + 11P = 0
y:
50 Dx = 0
z:
100 + 17.32051P = 0
P = 5.77350 lb 5.77 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
Dx = 0 lb .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Dy = 14.7298 lb 14.73 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
x:
Cx + 0 = 0
Cx = 0 lb ............................................ Ans.
y:
C y + 14.7298 40 5.77350 = 0
C y = 31.044 lb 31.0 lb ............... Ans.
z:
Cz = 0
Cz = 0 lb ............................................ Ans.
1-34*
From a free-body diagram of the platform the equilibrium equations give
FAC cos FBD cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
FAC sin + FBD sin P = 0
Fy = 0 :
FBD = FAC
P = 2 FAC sin
Then from a free-body diagram of the screw-block A,
the equilibrium equations give
Fx = 0 :
800 FAC cos FAE cos = 0

FAE sin FAC sin = 0
Fy = 0 :
FAE = FAC =
400
cos
Therefore
= 15
FAC = 414.110 N
P = 214 N .................... Ans.
= 30
FAC = 461.880 N
P = 462 N .................... Ans.
= 45
FAC = 565.685 N
P = 800 N .................... Ans.
1-35*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
Ax E = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay 25 = 0
4 M A = 0 :
3 ( 25 ) 21E = 0
Ax = E = 3.57143 lb
Ay = 25 lb
Assume that the weight of the seat back is very small compared to
the weight of the seat. Then the center of gravity of the seat and the
center of gravity of the entire chair are the same point. A free-body
diagram of the seat gives
TBD cos Cx = 0
Fx = 0 :
C y + TBD sin 25 = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M C = 0 :
3 ( 25 ) 12 (TBD sin ) + 1(TBD cos ) = 0
10
= 39.806
12
= 10.8476 lb
Cx = 4.76188 lb
= tan 1
in which
TBD
A = 25.3 lb
TBD = 10.85 lb
C = 18.67 lb
C y = 18.0555 lb
81.87 .......................................................................................................... Ans.

39.81 .................................................................................................... Ans.
75.23 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-36
Ax + ( 500 3) + 750 = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ay 900 + C = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
4C ( 3 500 )( 3) 4 ( 900 ) 3 ( 750 ) = 0
C = 2587.50 N
Ax = 2250 N
Ay = 1687.50 N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the bar ABC. Note that the forces
Ax and Ay are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the support (the same
forces that are shown on the overall free-body diagram) and that the forces
FAx and FAy are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the bar
ADE. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
Ax + Bx FAx = 0
Ay FAy By + C = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 ( 2587.50 ) 2 By = 0
4 M A = 0 :
By = 5175.00 N
FAy = 4275.00 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bar ADE
Fx = 0 :
FAx + Dx + 750 = 0
Fy = 0 :
FAy + Dy 900 = 0
4 M D = 0 :
1.5 FAx 2 ( 4275 )

2 ( 900 ) 1.5 ( 750 ) = 0
FAx = 3750 N
Dx = 3000 N
A = 5690 N
D = 5980 N
E = 1170 N
Dy = 5175 N
48.7 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
59.9 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
50.2 ............................................................................................................ Ans.
1-37
First draw a free-body diagram of the lower jaw,
and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
C x = 0
D Cy E = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M D = 0 :
3C y 2 E = 0
Cx = 0
E = 1.5C y
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
0 Bx = 0
50 + C y By = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
1C y 20 ( 50 ) = 0
C y = 1000 lb
Bx = 0 lb
By = 1050 lb
E = 1500 lb ............................................................................................................................. Ans.

1-38*
W = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N
2500 1875
1200
300 150sin
tan =
1875 150 cos
cos =
= 58.612
= 5.466
There are two rollers (one on each side of the door) at B and D,
hence the 2 N B and 2 N C on the free-body diagram
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M D = 0 :
T cos 2 N B = 0
T sin + 2 N C 981 = 0
(1050 cos )( 981) (150 cos )( 2 NC ) (1350sin )( 2 N B ) = 0
Substituting the first two equations into the third gives
(1050 cos )( 981) (150 cos )( 981 T sin ) (1350sin )(T cos ) = 0
T = 403.455 N 403 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
N B = 200.812 N 201 N ................................................................................................... Ans.

N C = 471.283 N 471 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
1-39*
(a) First draw an overall free-body diagram. The force of the
ground on the track of the crane is equivalent to a single
concentrated force N acting at some location on the treads.
As the load increases, the distance d gets smaller and
smaller. The maximum load that the crane can lift
corresponds to d = 0 . Then, summing moments about
the point where the normal force acts gives
9 (12, 000 ) (12 cos 30 1)( 600 )

( 24 cos 30 1 + 1)(W ) = 0
W = 4930 lb ..................................................... Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the pulley at the end of the boom
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
Bx 3600 cos10 = 0
By 3600 3600sin10 = 0
Bx = 3545.3079 lb
By = 4225.1334 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the boom the equations of
equilibrium give
Ax ( 3545.3079 ) T cos10 = 0
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
Ay 600 T sin10 ( 4225.1334 ) = 0
4 M A = 0 :
24 (T sin 20 ) + ( 24sin 30 )( 3545.3079 )
(12 cos 30 )( 600 ) ( 24 cos 30 )( 4225.1334 ) = 0
T = 6275.1466 lb 6280 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
Ax = 9725.1209 lb
A = 11,380 lb
Ay = 5914.8012 lb
31.3 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-40
4 M A = 0 :
(1.8cos 30 ) P ( 0.9sin 30 )( 2 )
( 2.7 sin 30 + 0.6sin 30 )(1)
( 2.7 sin 30 + 1.8sin 30 + 0.3)(10 ) = 0
P = 17.99 kN .......................................................... Ans.
Next, from a free-body diagram of the bucket,
Fx = 0 :
Gx TEI = 0
Fy = 0 :
G y 10 = 0
4 M G = 0 :
(1.2 cos 30 ) TEI 0.3 (10 ) = 0
TEI = 2.88675 kN 2.89 kN (T) ........................................ Ans.

Gx = 2.88675 kN
G y = 10.00 kN
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm DEFG,

Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M D = 0 :
( 2.88675) Dx ( 2.88675) + FBF cos = 0

Dy (10 ) 1 + FBF sin = 0
( 0.6 cos 30 )( 2.88675) ( 0.6sin 30 )(1)
+ (1.2 cos 30 )( FBF cos ) + (1.2sin 30 )( FBF sin )
(1.8cos 30 )( 2.88675 ) (1.8sin 30 )(10 ) = 0
in which
1.8cos 30 1.2 cos 30

= 19.107
1.8sin 30 + 1.2sin 30
= 10.43807 kN 10.44 kN (C) .....................................Ans.
tan =
FBF
Dx = 9.86303 kN
D = 12.44 kN
G = 10.41 kN
Dy = 7.58627 kN
37.6 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
73.9 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-41
First draw a free-body diagram of the wheel. It is stated that
the pin B is at or near the surface of the wheel. Then, the
equations of equilibrium give
4 M axle = 0 :
2P 2B = 0
P=B
Next, from a free-body diagram of the platform,

FDE cos Cx = 0
Fx = 0 :
C y + FDE sin 80 = 0
Fy = 0 :
3 ( FDE cos ) 2 ( 80 ) = 0
4 M C = 0 :
2
= 30
4
= 61.5840 lb
= sin 1
FDE
Cx = 53.3333 lb
C y = 49.2080 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm ABC,

Fx = 0 :
Ax + ( 53.3333) B sin = 0 = 0
Ay + B cos ( 49.2080 ) = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
2 B ( 4 cos )( 49.2080 ) ( 4sin )( 53.3333) = 0
B = 138.5641 lb
Ax = 15.9487 lb
A = 72.6 lb
B = 138.6 lb
C = 72.6 lb
Ay = 70.7920 lb
77.3 ............................................................................................................ Ans.

60 .............................................................................................................. Ans.
42.7 ............................................................................................................ Ans.
1-42*
The weight of the bar AB is
W = 25 ( 9.81) = 245.25 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar AB,
Fx = 0 :
A sin 30 B sin 45 = 0
Fy = 0 :
A cos 30 + B cos 45 W = 0
4 M B = 0 :
( 0.5cos )W (1cos )( A cos 30 )

+ (1sin )( A sin 30 ) = 0
Since sin 45 = cos 45 adding the first two equations together gives
A ( sin 30 + cos 30 ) = W
Substituting this result into the third equation gives
A ( cos 30 cos sin 30 sin ) = 0.5cos A ( sin 30 + cos 30 )

Dividing by A cos gives
2 ( cos 30 sin 30 tan ) = ( sin 30 + cos 30 )
2 cos 30 ( sin 30 + cos 30 )

2sin 30
= 20.10 ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
tan =
(Actually, this result is independent of both the length and weight of the bar.)

1-43
W = 25 ( 9.81) = 245.25 N
FCD = FCD
0.65 j + 0.95k
0.652 + 0.952
= 0.56468 FCD j + 0.82531FCD k
Moment equilibrium about B
M B = 0 :
(1.2i ) ( Ay j + Az k ) + ( 0.6i + 0.5 j) ( 245.25k )

+ (1.6i + 0.65 j) ( 0.56468 FCD j + 0.82531FCD k ) = 0
has components
x:
122.625 + 0.53645 FCD = 0
y:
1.2 Az + 147.150 1.32050 FCD = 0
z:
1.2 Ay + 0.90349 FCD = 0

FCD = 228.586 N 229 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
Ay = 172.104 N 172.1 N ............................................................................................ Ans.
Az = 129.915 N 129.9 N ............................................................................................... Ans.
x:
y:
z:
Bx = 0
( 172.104 ) + By + 0.56468 ( 228.586 ) = 0

( 129.915) + Bz + 0.82531( 228.586 ) 245.25 = 0
Bx = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
By = 43.026 N 43.0 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
Bz = 185.511 N 185.5 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
1-44
From a free-body diagram of pipe A, the equations of equilibrium are
N A FAB sin = 0
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
FAB cos 5 ( 9.81) = 0
where
= sin 1
b 150
150
Therefore
49.05
N
cos
N A = FAB sin N
FAB =
(a)
N A < 50 N for b < 260 mm ..................Ans.
(b)
FAB < 100 N for b < 280 mm ...............Ans.
(c)
FAB < 200 N for b < 295 mm ...............Ans.
1-45
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium are
TAB sin TBD cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
TAB cos TBD sin 250 = 0
Fy = 0 :
where
= sin 1
b
5
= sin 1
5 (1 cos )
3
Therefore
(a)
TAB =
TBD cos
sin
TBD =
250sin
lb
cos cos sin sin
TAB =
250 cos
lb
cos cos sin sin
bmax occurs when TBD goes negative

(after it goes to infinity);
bmax 3.90 ft ................................................... Ans.

(At this point, the rope will straight from D to B to A.)
(c)
To pull further to the side, the worker needs a longer rope to pull on or he needs to attach
his rope lower - closer to the crate. .......................... Ans.

1-46
W = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.50 N
The cable is continuous, therefore the tension in the cable is continuous

(equal to the force P ); and from a free-body diagram of the pulley,
P cos P cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
P sin + P sin W = 0
Fy = 0 :
= = tan 1
P=
(a)
(b)
(c)
d
1.5
W
2sin
P < 2W
P < 4W
P < 8W
d > 387 mm ............................. Ans.

d > 189 mm .............................. Ans.
d > 94 mm ................................ Ans.
1-47
AB = tan 1
d
20
BC = tan 1
d
10
From a free-body diagram of the stop light,

Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TBC cos BC TAB cos AB = 0

TAB sin AB + TBC sin BC 75 = 0
Solving yields
TAB =
75cos BC
sin BC cos AB + cos BC sin AB
TBC =
75cos AB
sin BC cos AB + cos BC sin AB

1-48
W = 6800 ( 9.81) = 66, 708 N
From a free-body diagram of the truck,

the equilibrium equations are
Fx = 0 :
P sin Bx = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay + By 66, 708 P cos = 0
4 M B = 0 :
( 66, 708 )( 2.4 ) 4.4 Ay ( P cos )(1.5)

( P sin )( 3) = 0
The fourth equation needed to solve for the four unknowns is either Ay = 0 (the front wheels are on the verge of
lifting off the ground) or Bx = 0.8 By (the rear wheels are on the verge of slipping). Guessing that the front wheels
are on the verge of lifting off the ground gives the solution
Ay = 0 N
66, 708 ( 2.4 )
N
1.5cos + 3sin
Bx = P sin N
P=
By = 66, 708 + P cos N

The forces Bx and 0.8 By are plotted on the same
graph as the force P . Since Bx is always less than
0.8By , the guess that the front wheels are on the verge
of lifting off the ground was the correct guess, and the
solution is valid for all values of .
E = 1500 lb ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
TBD = 10.85 lb
C = 18.67 lb
39.81 .................................................................................................... Ans.

75.23 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-49
From a free-body diagram of the I-beam,
4 M D = 0 :
400 ( 3) + 1000 ( 7 d ) + 6 F = 0
4 M F = 0 :
6 D 1000 ( d 1) 400 ( 3) = 0
D=
1000 ( d 1) + 1200
6
F=
1000 ( 7 d ) + 1200
6
Next, from a free-body diagram of the joint D,

Fx = 0 :
TCD cos TDE = 0

TCD sin D = 0
Fy = 0 :
TCD =
D
sin
TDE =
D
tan
in which
1
3
= tan 1 = 18.435
By inspection, members CE and CF are both zero-force
members. Therefore the tension force in member BC
will be the same as the tension force in member CD and
the compression force in member EF will be the same as
the compression force in member DE,
TBC =
D
sin
TEF =
D
tan
TCF = 0
1-50
From an overall free-body diagram of the light pole,
= tan 1
1.75
b
= tan 1
2.75 b
5
the moment equation of equilibrium gives
4 M A = 0 :
TGH =
2 ( 7500 ) 2.75 (TGH cos ) = 0
2 ( 7500 )
2.75cos
It will be assumed that the cable DG supports the end of the

arm BG and that the connection of the horizontal arm BG to the
vertical pole ABCD exerts negligible moment on the arm.
(If the connection could provide a sufficient moment, then the
cable between D and G would not be necessary.)
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin G,
FBG + TGH sin TDG cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
TDG sin TGH cos = 0
Fy = 0 :
TGH cos
sin
cos cos sin sin
= TGH
sin
TDG =
FBG
1-51
From an overall free-body diagram of the crane,
N 12, 000 600 W = 0
Fy = 0 :
( 9 )(12, 000 ) (12 cos 1)( 600 )

( 24 cos 1 + 1) W Nd = 0
N = (12, 600 + W ) lb
108, 600 ( 7200 + 24W ) cos
d=
ft
4 M C = 0 :
12, 600 + W
(a) For W = 3600 lb
d=
108, 600 93, 600 cos

ft
16, 200
(b) From a free-body diagram of the pulley at B,
tan =
24sin 6
24 cos + 9
and the equations of equilibrium give
Bx 3600 cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
By 3600 3600sin = 0
Fy = 0 :
By = 3600 (1 + sin )
Bx = 3600 cos
From a free-body diagram of the boom,

Ax Bx T cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ay By T sin 600 = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
24sin ( ) T (12 cos )( 600 )

+ ( 24sin ) Bx ( 24 cos ) By = 0
T=
( 7200 + 24B ) cos 24B sin

y
24sin ( )
Ax = Bx + T cos
Ay = By + T sin + 600
A = Ax2 + Ay2
Note that the tension force becomes negative for
an angle of about 66 . Since negative forces in
the cable are not possible, the boom would topple
over onto the top of the cab of the crane if the
operator tried to lift higher than 66 .
1-51 (cont.)
(c) For d = 1 ft
d=
108, 600 ( 7200 + 24W ) cos

= 1 ft
12, 600 + W
Wmax =
96, 000 7200 cos

lb
1 + 24 cos

1-52
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,

moment equilibrium gives
6 (TBC sin 60 ) ( 3cos ) W = 0
4 M B = 0 :
TBC =
( 2452.50 )( 3cos )
6sin 60
Since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace AC is

neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a free-body
diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
FAC cos ( 60 + ) + TBC cos ( 60 ) TCD cos = 0
Fy = 0 :
FAC sin ( 60 + ) TBC sin ( 60 ) TCD sin = 0
FAC =
cos ( 60 ) sin + sin ( 60 ) cos

TBC
sin ( 60 + ) cos cos ( 60 + ) sin
TCD =
FAC cos ( 60 + ) + TBC cos ( 60 )

=P
cos
in which
tan =
6sin ( 60 + )
6sin
=
7 + 6 cos 7 + 6 cos ( 60 + )
For this arrangement, the force P necessary to start
raising the post ( 2300 N ) is almost as large as the

weight of the post ( 2450 N ) .
1-52 (cont.)
(b) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium now gives
4 M B = 0 :
TBC =
6 (TBC sin 67.5 ) ( 3cos ) W = 0
( 2452.50 )( 3cos )
6sin 67.5
Again, since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace
AC is neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a
free-body diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
FAC cos ( 45 + ) + TBC cos ( 67.5 ) TCD cos ( 22.5 ) = 0
Fy = 0 :
FAC sin ( 45 + ) TBC sin ( 67.5 ) + TCD sin ( 22.5 ) = 0
FAC =
sin ( 67.5 ) cos ( 22.5 ) cos ( 67.5 ) sin ( 22.5 )

TBC
sin ( 45 + ) cos ( 22.5 ) + cos ( 45 + ) sin ( 22.5 )
TCD =
FAC cos ( 45 + ) + TBC cos ( 67.5 )

cos ( 22.5 )
Finally, since the weight of the brace AD is also neglected, the brace
AD is also a two-force member and from a free-body diagram of the
pin D, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 : FAD cos ( 90 ) + TCD cos ( 22.5 ) TDE cos = 0

Fy = 0 :
FAD sin ( 90 ) TCD sin ( 22.5 ) TDE sin = 0
FAD =
cos ( 22.5 ) sin + sin ( 22.5 ) cos

TCD
cos ( 90 ) sin + sin ( 90 ) cos
TDE =
TCD cos ( 22.5 ) FAD cos ( 90 )

=P
cos
Note that the force in the brace AD goes to zero at

about = 75 . For 75 90 , the solution
becomes similar to that of part a (with the angle
between the post and the brace AC 45 rather
than 60 ).
For this arrangement, the force P necessary to start
raising the post (1700 N ) is about 25% less than

the force required using a single brace (part a).
1-53
a = 12.5cos 2
b = 12.5sin + 0.5
b
= tan 1
a
From a free-body diagram of the truck box,

Ax C cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ay + C sin 22, 000 = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
8.5 ( 22, 000 cos ) 2.5 ( 22, 000sin )
12.5 C sin ( ) = 0
C=
187, 000 cos 55, 000sin

12.5sin ( )
Ax = C cos
Ay = 22, 000 C sin
A = Ax2 + Ay2

1-54*
Fx = 0 :
TAB 75 + 100 50 = 0
TAB = 25 kN = 25 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.

Fx = 0 :
TBC + 100 50 = 0
TBC = +50 kN = 50 kN (T) ............................................... Ans.

Fx = 0 :
TCD 50 = 0
TCD = 50 kN = 50 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.

1-55*
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M cut = 0 :
V = 0
90 120 P = 0
M 90 ( 5 8 ) 120 (1.5 ) = 0
V = 0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
P = 30 lb = 30 lb (C) ......................................................................Ans.
M = 236 lb in. .................................................................................Ans.
1-56
Next, from a free-body diagram of the man standing on the beam,
Fx = 0 :
Cx = 0
Fy = 0 :
T 75 ( 9.81) + T 40 ( 9.81) + C y = 0
4 M C = 0 :
3 75 ( 9.81) + 1.5 40 ( 9.81) 3T 1.5T = 0
T = 621.300 N
C y = 114.450 N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam

between section aa and the right end of the beam. Note that
since one-fourth of the beam has been cut away, only threefourths of the total beam weight is included on the free-body
diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
Pa + 0 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Va + ( 621.3) 30 ( 9.81) 114.450 = 0
4 M a = 0 :
M a + 0.75 ( 621.3) 1.125 30 ( 9.81) 2.25 (114.450 ) = 0
Pa = 0 N ........................ Va = 213 N ................................................................................. Ans.

M a = 122.6 N m ............................................................................................................... Ans.
Finally, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam between
section bb and the right end of the beam. This time three-fourths of the
beam has been cut away and only one-fourth of the total beam weight is
included on the free-body diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
Pb + 0 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Vb 10 ( 9.81) 114.450 = 0
4 M b = 0 :
M b 0.375 10 ( 9.81) 0.75 (114.450 ) = 0
Pb = 0 N ........................ Vb = 213 N .................................................................................... Ans.

M b = 122.6 N m ................................................................................................................ Ans.
1-57*
From an overall free-body diagram of the bracket,
Fx = 0 :
Ax + B cos 45 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay + B sin 45 500 = 0
4 M A = 0 :
5 ( 500 ) 15 ( B cos 45 ) 15 ( B sin 45 ) = 0
B = 117.85113 lb
Ax = 83.3333 lb
Ay = 416.6667 lb
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the bracket between

section aa and pin A. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
V 83.3333 = 0
Fy = 0 :
P + 416.6667 = 0
4 M a = 0 :
M 8 ( 83.3333) = 0
P = 417 lb = 417 lb (C) .................................................. Ans.

V = 83.3 lb ............................................................................ Ans.
M = 667 lb in. .................................................................... Ans.
1-58
From a free-body diagram of the lower half of the clamp,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M cut = 0 :
V =0
P 2000 = 0
M + 0.075 ( 2000 ) = 0
P = 2000 N (T) .................................................................... Ans.

V = 0 N .................................................................................. Ans.
M = 150.0 N m ............................................................... Ans.
1-59*
Draw free-body diagrams of the sections of the tower between
the points of interest and the top. For each section, the vertical
component of the equation of equilibrium gives
Fy = 0 :
PA 2000 3 (1500 cos 30 ) W = 0
W = 40 ( 50 ) = 2000 lb
PA = 7900 lb .................................................... Ans.

Fy = 0 :
PB 2000 3 (1500 cos 30 ) 3 (1250 cos 40 ) W = 0
W = 40 (150 ) = 6000 lb
PB = 14, 770 lb .....................................................................................Ans.

Fy = 0 :
PC 2000 3 (1500 cos 30 ) W

3 (1250 cos 40 ) 3 (1000 cos 50 ) = 0
W = 40 ( 250 ) = 10, 000 lb
PC = 20, 700 lb ............................................ Ans.

Fy = 0 :
PD 2000 3 (1500 cos 30 ) W

3 (1250 cos 40 ) 3 (1000 cos 50 )
3 ( 750 cos 60 ) = 0
W = 40 ( 350 ) = 14, 000 lb
PD = 25,800 lb ....................................................................................Ans.
1-60*
The weights of the two cylinders are the same
W = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.5 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper cylinder,
Z Fx = 0 :
N 2 W sin 27 = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
N1 W cos 27 = 0
N1 = 437.0387 N
N 2 = 222.6823 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower cylinder, the equations of equilibrium give
Z Fx = 0 :
N 4 N 2 W sin 27 = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
N 3 W cos 27 = 0
N 3 = 437.0387 N
N 4 = 445.3647 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the rack,

Fx = 0 :
Ax N 4 cos 27 + ( N1 + N 3 ) sin 27 B sin 27 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay N 4 sin 27 ( N1 + N 3 ) cos 27 + B cos 27 = 0
4 M A = 0 :
120 ( 445.3647 ) 320 ( 437.0387 )

120 ( 437.0387 ) + 580 B = 0
B = 239.4022 N
Ax = 902.3320 N
Ay = 767.6911 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the upper portion of the rack (between section a and the roller support B),
Z Fx = 0 :
P = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
B V N1 = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
0.360 B M 0.100 N1 = 0
P = 0 N ...............................................................................Ans.
V = 197.6 N ....................................................................Ans.
M = 42.5 N m .................................................................Ans.
1-61
From a free-body diagram of the lower portion of
the crutch (between section a and the bottom B),
Z Fx = 0 :
V 35sin 25 = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
P + 35cos 25 = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
M 2 ( 35sin 25 ) = 0
P = 31.7 lb = 31.7 lb (C) ............................................Ans.

V = 14.79 lb .......................................................................Ans.
M = 29.6 lb ft ..................................................................Ans.
1-62
From a free-body diagram of the wheel, the equations of equilibrium give
4 M B = 0 :
325 FCD 150 ( 2700 ) = 0
FCD = 1246 N
Since CD is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
P = 1246 N (C) ........................................................................ Ans.

and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V = 0 N ...................................................................................... Ans.
M = 0 N m .............................................................................. Ans.
1-63
From a free-body diagram of the handle, the equations of equilibrium give
4 M F = 0 :
30 (1000 ) 8 FDE = 0
FDE = 3750 lb
Since DE is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
P = 3750 lb (C) ................................................................... Ans.

and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V = 0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
M = 0 lb ft ..........................................................................................Ans.
1-64*
First draw an overall free-body diagram of the shaft
and sum moments about the bearing B
M C = 0 :
( 800 j + 250i ) ( 5k ) + ( 800 j 250i ) ( 30k )

+ ( 2000 j + 250k ) ( 30i ) + ( 2000 j 250k ) ( 5i )
+ ( 2800 j) ( Bx i + Bz k ) = 0
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
x:
4000 + 24, 000 2800 Bz = 0
y:
1250 7500 + 7500 1250 = 0
z:
60, 000 + 10, 000 + 2800 Bx = 0

Bx = 25.00 kN
Bz = 10.00 kN
Next draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the shaft between the
bearing B and the section at A and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Vx + 30 + 5 25 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Py = 0
Fz = 0 :
Vz + 10 = 0
Vx = 10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
Py = 0 kN .............................................................................. Ans.
Vz = 10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
M cut = 0 :
( M i + T j + M k ) + ( 0.4 j + 0.25k ) ( 30i )

x
+ ( 0.4 j 0.25k ) ( 5i ) + ( 1.2 j) ( 25i + 10k ) = 0

The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
x:
M x 12 = 0
M x = 12 kN m ................................. Ans.
y:
Ty + 7.5 1.25 = 0
Ty = 6.25 kN m ............................ Ans.
z:
M z 30 + 12 + 2 = 0
M z = 16 kN m ................................. Ans.
1-65*
First draw a free-body diagram of the blocks,
Fx = 0 :
NC N A = 0
FC + FA 30 = 0
Fy = 0 :
8 ( 30 ) 16 ( FC ) = 0
4 M A = 0 :
NC = N A
FC = FA = 15 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the left handle,

Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
Bx N C = 0
30 By (15 ) = 0
4 ( 30 ) + 4 (15 ) 4 N C = 0
N C = 45 lb
Bx = 45 lb
By = 15 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower section of the left handle,
Fx = 0 :
P 45 = 0
Fy = 0 :
V 15 = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
M 4 ( 45 ) = 0
P = 45 lb ........................................................................................Ans.
V = 15 lb ......................................................................................................Ans.
M = 180 lb in. ...........................................................................................Ans.

1-66
W = 360 ( 9.81) = 3531.60 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,

Ax + FBD cos = 0
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
Ay + FBD sin W = 0
4 M A = 0 :
1430 ( FBD sin ) ( 2700 cos16 ) W = 0
h 900 + 1430sin16
=
b 1430 cos16 890
= 69.471
= 16 = 53.471
tan =
FBD = 7976.730 N
Ax = 2797.2911 N
Ay = 3938.5663 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,

Z Fx = 0 :
P Ax cos16 Ay sin16 = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
V + Ax sin16 Ay cos16 = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
M ( 0.530sin16 ) Ax + ( 0.530 cos16 ) Ay = 0
P = 3770 N .................................................................... Ans.

V = 3010 N .................................................................................................Ans.
M = 1598 N m .......................................................................................Ans.
1-67
From a free-body diagram of the pipe the moment equilibrium equation
M cut = 0 :
( M i + T j + M k ) + ( 7i + 18j + 10k ) ( 50k ) = 0

x
has x-, y-, and z-components
x:
M x 900 = 0
M x = 900 lb in. .............. Ans.
y:
Ty 350 = 0
Ty = 350 lb in. ................ Ans.
z:
Mz = 0
M z = 0 lb in. .................. Ans.
and the force equilibrium equation has components
Fx = 0 :
Vx = 0
Vx = 0 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
Fy = 0 :
Py = 0
Py = 0 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
Fz = 0 :
Vz 50 = 0
Vz = 50 lb .............................................................................. Ans.
1-68*
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
Ay + FBD 3 = 0
Fy = 0 :
4 M A = 0 :
200 FBD 400 ( 3) = 0
FBD = 6 N
Ax = 0 N
Ay = 3 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,

Z Fx = 0 :
P ( 3) sin = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
V ( 3) cos = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
( 0.1)( 3) M = 0
in which
= tan 1
120
= 30.964
200
Then
P = 1.543 kN ................................................................. Ans.

V = 2.57 kN ................................................................................................Ans.
M = 0.3 kN m ..........................................................................................Ans.
1-69
From a free-body diagram of a part of the hook,
Z Fx = 0 :
V 10 cos = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
P 10sin = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
M 10 (10sin ) = 0
P = 10sin kip .................................... Ans.

V = 10 cos kip ................................... Ans.
M = 100sin kip in. ...................... Ans.
1-70
From a free-body diagram of the top handle
4 M A = 0 :
93 (100 ) 38 ( C sin )
+ ( 35 d )( C cos ) = 0
C=
9300
38sin ( 35 d ) cos
Note that tan = d 40 ; therefore d = 40 tan and
9300
9300
=
38sin 35cos + 40sin 78sin 35cos
Fx = 0 :
C cos Ax = 0
Ax = C cos
C=
Fy = 0 :
C sin Ay 100 = 0
Ay = C sin 1000
Next, from a free-body diagram of the part of the top handle

to the right of section aa the equations of equilibrium give
[ Fx = 0 :
P + Ax cos + Ay sin = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
V + Ax sin Ay cos = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
Ax (18 tan ) M 18 Ay = 0
P = ( Ax cos Ay sin ) N ..................... Ans.

V = ( Ay cos Ax sin ) N ........................ Ans.
M = Ax (18 tan ) 18 Ay N mm ......... Ans.
1-71
(a) From a free-body diagram of the complete beam,
4 M A = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
20 RB ( x + 2.5 )( 4000 ) = 0
RA + RB 4000 = 0
RB = 200 ( x + 2.5 ) = ( 200 x + 500 ) lb

RA = ( 3500 200 x ) lb
Load, shear force, and bending moment diagrams are as shown.
The moment under the left wheel is
M C = xRA = ( 3500 x 200 x 2 ) lb ft
and the moment under the right wheel is
M D = (15 x ) RB = (15 x )( 200 x + 500 ) lb ft

These moments are graphed below. Notice that the maximum
moment occurs under the right wheel when 0 x 7.5 m
(and the right wheel is closer to the center of the beam) and
under the right wheel when 7.5 x 15 m (and the left
wheel is closer to the center of the beam).
(b) The graph of maximum moment is also shown below.

1-72
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,

Ax TBC cos ( 60 ) = 0
Fx = 0 :
Ay + TBC sin ( 60 ) W = 0
Fy = 0 :
6 (TBC sin 60 ) ( 3cos ) W = 0
4 M B = 0 :
( 2452.50 )( 3cos )
TBC =
N
6sin 60
Ax = TBC cos ( 60 ) N
Ay = 2452.50 TBC sin ( 60 ) N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the lower portion of ABC.
The weight of this portion is proportional to its length
Wb =
Wb 2452.50b
=
= ( 408.75b ) N
L
6
Then the equations of equilibrium give
Z Fx = 0 :
P + Ax cos + Ay sin Wb sin = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
V Ax sin + Ay cos Wb cos = 0
4 M cut = 0 :
M + Wb ( b 2 ) cos
+ Ax ( b sin ) Ay ( b cos ) = 0
M = Ay ( b cos ) Ax ( b sin ) 204.375b 2 cos N m .............Ans.

P = ( 408.75b Ay ) sin Ax cos N .....Ans.
V = ( 408.75b Ay ) cos + Ax sin N .....Ans.
1-73*
From a free-body diagram of the collar, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
T cos 20 N BC sin 30 = 0
N BC cos 30 T sin 20 900 = 0
T = 700 lb
N BC = 1316 lb
20 ..............................................................................Ans.
60 ........................................................................Ans.

1-74*
W = 500 ( 9.81) = 4905 N
First draw a free-body diagram of joint A, and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TAC + TAB cos 30 = 0

TAB sin 30 W = 0
TAB = 9810 N = 9.81 kN (T) ............................................................Ans.

TBC = 8495.709 N 8.50 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
Next, from a free-body diagram of joint C,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
TAC + TBC cos 60 + TCD cos 45 = 0

TBC sin 60 TCD sin 45 = 0
TBC = 6219.291 N = 6.22 kN (C) ................................................Ans.

TCD = 7617.044 N 7.62 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
1-75
From a free-body diagram of the motor and support,
Fx = 0 :
Ax 21 1 = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay + B 25 = 0
4 M D = 0 :
12 B 8 ( 25 ) + 10.5 ( 21) + 5.5 (1) = 0
B = 2.16667 lb 2.17 lb ............................. Ans.

Ax = 22 lb
Ay = 27.16667 lb
A = 35.0 lb
51.0 ............................................ Ans.

1-76*
W = 135 ( 9.81) = 1324.50 N
= cos 1
220 75
= 48.769
220
First draw a free-body diagram of the cylinder. When the cylinder just starts
to rotate about the step, the normal force N becomes zero. Then moment
equilibrium gives
4 M C = 0 :
220 W sin ( 20 + ) 220 P cos ( 20 + ) = 0
P = 3410 N ...................................................................................Ans.
1-77
(a) From a free-body diagram of the entire beam,
Fy = 0 :
RA + RB 3000 500 ( 6 ) = 0
4 M B = 0 :
500 ( 6 ) ( 3) + 3000 (12 ) + 1800 18RA = 0

RA = 2600 lb ............................................................................................................ Ans.
RB = 3400 lb ............................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the left end of the beam,
Fy = 0 :
4 M cut = 0 :
( 2600 ) 3000 V = 0
M + 1800 + 3000 ( 4 ) ( 2600 )(10 ) = 0
V = 400 lb ............................................................ Ans.

M = 12, 200 lb ft .................................................. Ans.
1-78
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper jaw. The resultant of the
distributed load is a 300 N force acting through the centroid of the
distributed load. The equations of equilibrium give
4 M D = 0 :
225 ( 300 ) 100 FC = 0
4 M C = 0 :
125 ( 300 ) 100 FD = 0
FC = 675 N ........................................................ Ans.

FD = 375 N ........................................................ Ans.
1-79*
(a) First, from a free-body diagram of the entire frame,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M D = 0 :
Dx 400 = 0
A + Dy 1000 = 0
8 ( 400 ) + 2 (1000 ) 10 A = 0
A = 520 lb
Dx = 400 lb
Dy = 480 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of bar ABCD,

Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
( 400 ) Bx + FCE cos = 0

( 520 ) + By FCE sin + 480 = 0
8 ( 480 ) 2 ( 520 ) 6 ( FCE sin ) = 0
sin = 4 5
cos = 3 5
FCE = 583.333 lb
Bx = 750 lb
By = 533.333 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower end of bar BEF,

Z Fx = 0 :
Pa + 750 cos + 533.333sin = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
Va 750sin + 533.333cos = 0
4 M B = 0 :
M a + 2.5 ( 750sin ) 2.5 ( 533.333cos ) = 0
Pa = 876.667 lb 877 lb (C) ................................................Ans.

Va = 280 lb ....................................................................................Ans.
M a = 700 lb ft ..........................................................................Ans.
(b) Finally, from a free-body diagram of the left end of bar ABCD,
Z Fx = 0 :
Pb 750 = 0
^ Fy = 0 :
Vb + 520 533.333 = 0
4 M B = 0 :
M b + 3 ( 533.333) 5 ( 520 ) = 0
Pb = 750 lb (T) .............................................................................Ans.

Vb = 13.33 lb .................................................................................Ans.
M b = 1000 lb ft ...........................................................................Ans.
1-80
Next, from a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M B = 0 :
Bx = 0
By 5 D = 0
70 ( 5 ) 40 D = 0
D = 8.75 N ....................................................................... Ans.

Bx = 0 N
By = 13.75 N
B = 13.75 N (on the pin) ............................................. Ans.
1-81*
Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft.
The moment equation of equilibrium
M A = 0 :
(18 j) ( Bx i + By j + Bz k ) + (14i + 32 j) ( 200 j Pk )

+ ( 12 j + 6k ) ( 500i ) + ( 12 j 6k ) ( 150i ) = 0
has components
x:
18 Bz 32 P = 0
Bz = 266.667 lb 267 lb .............. Ans.
y:
14 P 3000 + 900 = 0
P = 150 lb .......................................... Ans.
z:
18Bx + 2800 6000 1800 = 0
Bx = 277.778 lb 278 lb ............ Ans.
x:
Ax + ( 277.778 ) 500 150 = 0
Ax = 928 lb ........................................ Ans.
y:
200 + By = 0
By = 200 lb ..................................... Ans.
z:
Az + ( 266.667 ) (150 ) = 0
Az = 116.7 lb .................................. Ans.

1-82*
W1 = 300 ( 9.81) = 2943 N

W2 = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N
W3 = 200 ( 9.81) = 1962 N
WP = 500 ( 9.81) = 4905 N
Draw a free-body diagram of the platform.

The moment equation of equilibrium
M O = 0 :
( i + j) ( 2943k ) + ( 2i + j) ( 981k )
+ ( 3i + j) (TB k ) + ( i + 3 j) ( 1962k )
+ ( i + 4 j) (TC k ) + (1.5i + 2 j) ( 4905k ) = 0
has components
x:
2943 981 + TB 5886 + 4TC 9810 = 0
y:
2943 + 1962 3TB + 1962 TC + 7357.5 = 0

TB = 3388.909 N 3390 N .................................................................................. Ans.
TC = 4057.773 N 4060 N .................................................................................. Ans.
and the z-component of the force equilibrium equation gives
z:
TA + ( 3388.909 ) + ( 4057.773) ( 2943) ( 981) (1962 ) ( 4905 ) = 0
TA = 3344.318 N 3340 N .................................................................................. Ans.
1-83
From a free-body diagram of the upper half of the clamp,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M cut = 0 :
V =0
300 P = 0
M 3 ( 300 ) = 0
P = 300 lb (T) ...................................................................... Ans.

V = 0 lb .................................................................................. Ans.
M = 900 lb ft ...................................................................... Ans.

1-84
T = W = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N

WP = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.50 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the arm AB and the pulley.

The moment equation of equilibrium gives
4 M A = 0 :
1500 By 300 ( 981) 350 ( 981) 650 ( 490.5 ) = 0
By = 637.650 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the bar BC,
Fx = 0 :
Fy = 0 :
4 M C = 0 :
Cx ( 981) + Bx = 0
C y ( 637.5 ) = 0
600 Bx 300 ( 981) 300 ( 637.650 ) = 0
Bx = 809.325 N
Cx = 171.675 N
C y = 637.650 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the right end of bar AB,

Fx = 0 :
P ( 809.325 ) = 0
( 637.650 ) V = 0
4 M B = 0 : 300 ( 637.650 ) M = 0
Fy = 0 :
P = 809 N = 809 N (C) ..................................................................................................... Ans.

V = 638 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
M = 191.3 N m ..................................................................................................................... Ans.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

1.5T 5.5W 11.5 ( 20 ) = 0

T = 3.667W + 153.33 lb ............................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

Ay + N B cos 45o 300 = 0

1.5 ( N B cos 45o ) 1.5 ( 300 ) = 0

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

3TBC 3 (15 ) + 6 (13.3333) = 0

13.3333 15 TCD cos 45o = 0

are solved to get

TDE = 13.33 kN (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

C = 257, 730 N mm 258 N m ...............................................Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

22.5 N E 7.5 ( 20 ) (15cos 30 ) TFG = 0

are solved to get

TCD = 33.3333 kip 33.3 kip (C) ............................................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

W = 2000 ( 9.81) = 19, 620 N

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

5.5Q ( 30 cos 30 )(11) ( 30sin 30 )( 4 ) = 0

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

Ay + B 500 800 700 400 = 0

A = 1240 lb ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

W = 450 ( 9.81) = 4414.50 N

From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,

100T1 90T1 100 F = 0

F = 221 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

18 B (12 )(10 ) 2 (12 3) = 0

Are solved to get the forces

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

Then the moment equilibrium equation gives

( 70 cos16 )( 75) ( 70sin16 )( 280 ) + Nd

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition