p n bi tp phc cht

Bi 1.Hy thit lp phc hexaaqua st(II) v tetratiocyanatonikelat(II)(*) bng thuyt lin kt ha tr.
Cho bit phc hexaaqua st(II) c cu hnh bt din v tetratiocyanatonikelat(II)c cu hnh t din.
Cho bit mu ca cc phc ny.
(*) tiocyanat - SCN- ; isotiocyanat NCS- (khi ch c 1 loi ion, ngi ta thng gi tn chung l tiocyanat)
Bi lm
Phc hexaaqua st(II) : [Fe(H2O)6]2+
Cu hnh: bt din
V bi khng ni r t tnh ca phc nn ta dng bng thng s tch P v nng lng ghp i
trong phc bt din kim tra trc. Theo thuyt trng tinh th, P Fe2+ = 209,9 kJ/mol > O[Fe(H2O)6]2+ =
124,1 kJ/mol nn phc ny l phc spin cao. Do , khi Fe 2+ lai ho to phc [Fe(H2O)6]2+, phn lp 3d ca
n c 4 electron c thn. Phc c tnh thun t.
4d
4p
4s
Fe2+ trng
thi t do
Fe2+ lai ha
to phc
[Fe(H2O)6]2+

3d

3d6

4s

4p
4d

..
.. .. ..
.. ..
3 2
-----------Lai ha sp d ----------->
T tnh : thun t do cn electron c thn.
Phc tetratiocyanatonikelat(II): [Ni(SCN)4]2Cu hnh: t din
4p
2+
4s
Ni trng
thi t do
3d8

Ni2+ lai ha
to phc
[Ni(SCN)4]2-

3d8

4s
4p
..
.. .. ..
------- lai ha sp3 -----

Cho bit mu sc ca cc phc cht

Thuyt lin kt ho tr khng th gii thch c mu sc ca phc cht. Mun xc nh mu, ta cn dng
thuyt trng tinh th. Theo , mu ca phc quan st c ph thuc vo thng s tch trng tinh th
ca phc. Thng s ny li ph thuc bn cht ca nguyn t trung tm, loi phi t v cu hnh ca phc.
- i vi phc bt din [Fe(H2O)6]2+, O = 124,1 kJ/mol < 149 kJ/mol => bc sng b hp th >
750nm thuc vng hng ngoi => phc khng c mu.
- i vi phc t din [Ni(SCN)4]2-, B 4/9 .O 4/9 .76 33,78 kJ/mol < 149 kJ/mol => bc sng
b hp th > 750nm thuc vng hng ngoi => phc khng c mu.
Bi 2: D on gi tr nng lng tch trng tinh th ca hexaamminiridi(III).
Bi lm

Nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc [Rh(NH 3)6]3+ = 404 Kj/mol. Thc nghim cho thy i vi
cc nguyn t chuyn tip trong cng phn nhm, cng loi phc th nng lng tch trng tinh th ca
phc nguyn t ng di cao hn ca phc ng trn 25-50%. Vy nng lng tch trng tinh th ca
phc hexaamminiridi(III) nm trong khong: 505-606 Kj/mol
Bi 3. V s nng lng ca phc hexacyanomanganat(II) v phc t din tetraaqua ng(II) theo
thuyt trng tinh th. Cho bit cc tnh cht t, cng t tnh v mu sc ca phc.
Bi lm
Phc hexacyanomanganat (II) [Mn(CN)6]4 :
S nng lng

Tnh cht:
= 308,9 (kJ/mol)
P = 304,2 (kJ/mol)
P phc c spin thp
Phc c tnh thun t
Da vo (> 299kJ/mol) ta c th d on phc khng mu

Phc t din tetraaqua ng (II) [Cu(H2O)4]2+

S nng lng:

Tnh cht:
Ta c nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc bt din hexaaqua ng (II) B = 150,3
(kJ/mol). V phc bt din c T 4/9B ca phc bt din c cng cht to phc v
cng loi phi t, suy ra nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc tetraaqua ng (II)
bng khong 66,8 kJ/mol
Phc c tnh thun t
Da vo (< 150kJ/mol) ta c th d on phc khng mu

Bi 4. Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca cc phc bt din tri(etan-1,2diamin)techneti(IV), phc bt din tri(etan-1,2-diamin) ng(II) v phc t din di(etan-1,2-diamin)
ng(II)
Bi lm:
a/Phc bt din Tri(etan-1,2-diamin)techneti(IV)
3
Phc c cu hnh d
E

2
2
3 459,7 3 551,64kJ / mol
5
5

b/ Phc bt din tri(etan-1,2-diamin) ng(II)

6
3
Phc c cu hnh: d d
E

2
3
3
3
6 3 195,7 117 .42kJ / mol
5
5
5
5

c/Phc t din di(etan-1,2-diamin) ng(II)

4 5
Phc c cu hnh: d d
3
2
2
2 4
8
E T 4 T 5 T B
195,7 34,79kJ / mol
5
5
5
5 9
45

(Ghi ch v cc phc trn c s electron trn d <4 v >7 nn khng c phc spin thp, v vy khng cn s
dng gi tr P)
Bi 5: D on nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc bt din [Co(en)3]2+, phc ny l phc spin
cao hay phc spin thp?
Cc s liu thc nghim cho thy nng lng tch trng tinh th bt din i vi cc ion ha tr 2, B c
gi tr t khong 7500 cm-1 12500cm-1 cn i vi ion ha tr 3, B c gi tr t khong 14.000
25.000cm-1. Nh vy, nng lng tch trng tinh th ca ion ha tr 3 thng gp i so vi ca ion ha tr
hai. Trong trng hp Cobalt, cng thy iu ny qua cc phc ammin v aqua ca chng:

Co(III)

P
(kJ/mol)
250,5

Co(II)

304,2

ion

Phi t
H2O
NH3
en(*)
H2O
NH3

(kJ/mol)
217,0
273,2
277,9
110,9
132,4

T y suy ra nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc bt din [Co(en)3]2+ 1/2 nng lng tch trng
tinh th ca phc bt din [Co(en)3]3+ .
Phc bt din [Co(en)3]2+ l phc spin cao v P = 304 > 277,9/2
(Ghi ch: 1 cm-1 = 11,96 J/mol)
Bi 6. Trong s cc nguyn t sau: Sc, Hf, W, Ru, Mo, Mn, Ir, nguyn t no khng th to phc bt
din spin thp. Gii thch l do.
Bi lm
Cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t:
Sc : (Ar) 3d14s2
Mo: (Kr) 4d55s1
14
2
2
Hf : (Xe) 4f 5d 6s
Mn : (Ar)3d54s2

W : (Xe) 4f145d46s2
Ir : (Xe)4f145d76s2
Ru : (Kr) 4d56s2
S electron trn d < 4 th trong phc bt din, trn d khng c s cp i electron, v vy khng c phc
spin thp. Xt cc nguyn t trn, Sc khng th xut hin phc spin thp bt c s oxy ha no. Cc
nguyn t cn li, v l thuyt u c th to phc bt din spin thp (Hf(0) c th c d4)
Bi 7. Da vo thuyt trng tinh th gii thch hin tng hp cht ca cc nguyn t chuyn tip
thng c mu, cn hp cht ca cc nguyn t khng chuyn tip thng khng c mu. Cc hp
cht ca nguyn t f thng c mu khng? V sao?
Bi lm
Mu sc ca cc cht trong nh sng mt tri l phn nh sng cn li sau khi cht hp th mt (hay
mt s) bc sng trong vng nh sng kh kin.
Thuyt trng tinh th cho rng, s tng tc tnh in gia phi t v cht to phc c th lm gim s
suy bin ca cc phn lp lng t ca cht to phc. Do cc phn lp d c cc orbital c s phn b khng
gian khc nhau, nn di tc dng ca phi t, chng b gim s suy bin v tch ra thnh mt s mc nng
lng (v d: vi phn lp d, phc bt din v t din: tch thnh 2 mc nng lng, phc vung: tch
thnh 4 mc nng lng...) . Do cc nguyn t d c s electron trn phn lp (n-1)d ha tr cha bo ha nn
nu s chnh lc gia cc mc nng lng ny nm trong vng nh sng kh kin th phc cht ca chng
c mu.
V phn lp f cng c cc orbital c s phn b khc bit trong khng gian, nn tng t phn lp d, phn
lp f cng c hin tng gim s suy bin di tc ng ca trng tinh th (ca phi t), v vy cc phc f
cng thng c mu.
Bi 8. Hy cho bit theo thuyt orbital phn t bn ca phc hexaaquacobalt(II) v phc
pentacarbonyl st(0) lin quan n nhng lin kt no?
Bi lm:

Theo thuyt orbital phn t, bn ca phc hexaaquacobalt (II) [Co(H2O)6]2+ v phc pentacarbonyl
st (0) Fe(CO)5 ph thuc vo lin kt v lin kt .
Trong CO l phi t nhn
Gin nng lng cc MO ha tr ca phn t CO: (z l trc lin kt)
(s)2 (s*)*2 (xy)4(z)2(x*y*)
CO s dng MO (x*y*) to lin kt vi cc AO d ca Fe
H2O l phi t cho rt yu.
Gin nng lng cc MO ha tr ca phn t H2O (xy l mt phng i xng )
(s)2 (z)2 (y)2 (x0)2
Nc dng MO khng lin kt (x0)2 to lin kt vi AO ca Co
Bi 9. Hy trnh by nhng u im v nhng hn ch ca thuyt lin kt ha tr v phn tch nguyn
nhn nhng hn ch ny.
Bi lm
u im ca thuyt lin kt ha tr : gii thch c
S phi tr ca phc
Cu hnh khng gian ca phc
Tnh cht t ca phc
Kt qu tnh nng lng ca mt s phc c bn cht lin kt cng ha tr rt gn vi cc s liu
thc nghim
Hn ch :

Khng gii thch c v sao cc phc ca nguyn t chuyn tip d v f thng c mu trong
khi phc nguyn t khng chuyn tip (nguyn t p) thng khng c mu.
V sao cc nguyn t chuyn tip to c nhiu phc cht hn hn cc nguyn t khng chuyn
tip.
Nguyn nhn c s cp i electron mt s phc cht.
Nguyn nhn hn ch:
Khng pht hin n s bin i cu trc electron ca cht to phc di tc dng ca phi t.
Cha cp ton din n bn cht lin kt ca phc: Phc khng ch hnh thnh nh lin kt
cng ha tr m cn c th hnh thnh nh lin kt ion
Bi 10. V sao nc to phc vi cc kim loi thng km hn hn so vi cc phi t khc mc d n
c v tr trung gian trong dy ha quang ph?
Bi lm
H2O l phi t cho rt yu, v vy n chim v tr trung gian trong dy ha quang ph. Tuy nhin, bn
ca phc khng phi lun ng bin vi gi tr ca nng lng tch trng tinh th. Theo thuyt MO trong
phc:
i vi phi t khng to lin kt v phi t nhn , cng ln th lin kt MO ca phc cng bn.
Tuy nhin i vi cc phi t cho , trong nhiu trng hp gi tr cng nh chng t lin kt MO cng
bn, do phc cng bn.

ion
Cr(III)

Cr(II)
Mn(II)

Thng s tch () v nng lng ghp i electron (P) trong phc bt din
P

Phi t
ion
Phi t
(kJ/mol)
(kJ/mol)
(kJ/mol)
(kJ/mol)
H2O
207,6
Co(III)
250,5
H2O
217,0
NH3
257,7
NH3
273,2
F181,3
F155,
Cl
164,6
CN
405,6
Br
125,5
en(*)
277,9
CN318,5
Co(II)
304,2
H2O
110,9
NCS
212,6
NH3
132,4
C2O42206,2
F95,4
280,4
H2O
165,8
Cl
84,0
NH3
205,2
Ni(II)
H2O
103,8
304,2
H2O
101,4
NH3
128,8
F
90,2
en(*)
133,6
Cl89,5
SCN76,0

Mn(IV)
Fe(III)

Fe(II)

357,9

209,9

CNNCSBrgly- (****)
H2O
NH3
FClCNH2O
NH3
FClBrCN-

308,9
104,9
69,0
324,9
163,4
202,8
150,8
130,6
417,6
124,1
153,9
106,2
99,01
93,1
403,2

Cu(II)

Ru(II)
Mo(III)
Rh(III)
Tc(IV)
Ir(III)
Pt(IV)
V(III)
V(II)

H2O
NH3
en(*)
FClNCSpy(**)
NH3
en(*)
bpy(***)
CNH2O
H2O
N3-

150,3
180,1
195,7
128,8
120,5
244,2
362,2
404,0
459,7
509,5
732,6
212,4
140,8
119,2

(*) en etan-1,2-diamin (H2N-C2H4-NH2)

Cng ca nng lng tch trng tinh th B ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:

1) Ph thuc vo trng thi oxy ha ca kim loi
i vi cc ion ha tr 2, B c gi tr t khong 7500 cm-1 12500cm-1. i vi ion ha tr 3, B c gi tr
t khong 14.000 25.000cm-1.
2) Ph thuc vo v tr trong phn nhm
Gi tr B ca cng mt loi phc trong mt phn nhm kim loi chuyn tip tng t 25% n 50% t trn
xung ca cc nguyn t k tip nhau. V d: [M(NH3)6]3+ vi M = Co 23.000cm-1, M = Rh 34.000cm-1, M
= Ir 41.000cm-1.
3) Ph thuc vo cu hnh phc v s lng phi tr.
Vi cng mt loi phi t T c gi tr xp x 4/9B. iu ny lin quan n vic gim s lng phi t v
quan h nh hng ca chng i vi cc orbital d.
4) Ph thuc vo bn cht ca phi t
S ph thuc ca vo bn cht ca phi t tun theo mt dy c tnh cht kinh nghim c tn l dy ha
quang ph, cho cc kim loi tt c cc trng thi oxy ha v tt c cc dng hnh hc (ca phc)

Bi tp phc cht
1) Nng lng n nh trng tinh th l g? Cng thc tnh cho phc bt din u v t din
u nh th no? N c phi l nng lng lin kt trong phc khng? Gii thch.

Theo thuyt trng tinh th, nng lng n nh trng tinh th (E) l nng lng cho bit s
n nh (bn vng) ca trng tinh th phc: Nu nng lng ny mang du m: trng tinh
th bn.
Nng lng n nh trng tinh th E c tnh:
o Vi phc bt din u: EB = (-2/5B). n + (3/5B). n + n. P

d
B

3/5B

o Vi phc t din u: ET = (-3/5T2/5

). n +B (2/5
d T). n + n. P

2/5T

3/5T

d
Trong :
n: S e nm mc nng lng d.
n: S e nm mc nng lng d.
nP: S cp e ghp i t cc e c thn ban u.
Nng lng n nh trng tinh th khng phi l nng lng lin kt trong phc cht. V:
- V bn cht, phc cht c hnh thnh nh lin kt cng ha tr hay lin kt ion. i vi phc
hnh thnh nh lin kt cng ha tr, s bn vng ca phc nh cc lin kt v lin kt , cn
i vi phc hnh thnh nh lin kt ion, s bn vng ph thuc vo ln in tch ca cation
v anion.
- (Sinh vin c th da vo thuyt MO l lun): V d v phc bt din cho thy phc hnh
thnh nh cc lin kt v lin kt .
- Trong khi nng lng n nh trng tinh th l mt khi nim ca thuyt trng tinh th cho
rng khi n mang du m th cc electron d ca nguyn t to phc trong trng tinh th bn
hn trong trng thi t do.
2) Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca hai phc sau:
[Fe(CN)6]4 B = 403,2 (kJ ) P = 209,9 (kJ)
3[Fe(CN)6]
B = 417,6 (kJ ) P = 357,9 (kJ)
T kt qu thu c hy d on lin kt trong ion phc no bn hn? Cho bit tnh cht
t ca 2 ion phc ny.
-

Xt phc [Fe(CN)6]4- : c B > P, nn y l phc bt din spin thp.

6
0
Phc c cu hnh: d d , nghch t.
E

2
2
6 2 P 403,2 6 2 209,9 547,88kJ / mol
5
5

Xt phc [Fe(CN)6]3- : c B > P, nn y cng l phc bt din spin thp.

5
0
Phc c cu hnh: d d , thun t.

2
2
5 2 P 417,6 5 2 357,9,9 119,4kJ / mol
5
5

Trong trng hp ion to phc khc nhau, khng th d on c lin kt trong phc no bn hn
khi ch da vo nng lng trng tinh th. Ch c th nhn xt trng tinh th ca phc
hexacyanoferat(II) bn hn trng tinh th phc hexacyanoferat(III).
3) Vit cng thc ca by ion phc n nhn c to thnh bng s t hp ca nhn trung
tm Co3+ v cc phi t 1 cng NH3 , NO2-. Bit s phi tr ca Co3+ bng 6.
V Co3+ c s phi tr l 6 nn cc ion phc ca n dng bn phi l nhng phc bt din. Do cc
ion phc to thnh bng s t hp ca nhn trung tm Co 3+ v cc phi t 1 cng NH 3, NO2- l:
[Co(NH3)6]3+, [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+, [Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]+, [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3], [Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]-,
[Co(NH3)(NO2)5]2-, [Co(NO2)6]34) Cho bit mu ca cc ion phc sau:
[Fe(CN)6]4 B = 403,2 (kJ/mol)
P = 209,9 (kJ/mol)
3+
[Co(NH3)6]
B = 273,2 (kJ/mol)
P = 250,5 (kJ/mol)
2+
[V(H2O)6]
B = 140,8 kJ/mol)
- i vi phc bt din [Fe(CN)6]4- , B = 403,2 (kJ/mol) > 299 kJ/mol.
Do , bc sng b hp ph < 400 nm thuc vng t ngoi nn phc khng c mu.
- i vi phc bt din [Co(NH3)6]3+, B = 273,2 (kJ/mol).
Do , mu ca nh sng b hp ph l xanh tm nn phc c mu vng.
- i vi phc bt din [V(H2O)6]2+, B = 140,8 kJ/mol) < 149 kJ/mol.
Do , bc sng b hp th > 750 nm thuc vng hng ngoi nn phc khng c mu.
5) Da trn cu trc ca phc cht v s sp xp electron ca ion trung tm, hy d on
tnh oxy ha kh ca cc ion phc bt din sau y: [Ti (aq)] 3+ ; [Cr(aq)]2+ ;
Ti l nguyn t phn nhm IVB, ng gn u dy 3d nn s oxy ha cao bn. Phc bt din
1
0
[Ti(aq)]3+, ion trung tm c cu hnh e l: d d , do vy ion Ti3+ d dng nhng 1e to Ti4+
t cu hnh bn ca kh him. Ion Ti3+ c tnh kh c trng.
Vi phc bt din [Cr(aq)]2+ : c B < P, nn y l phc spin cao, ion trung tm c cu hnh e
3

l d d . Do d 1 electron so vi cu hnh bn bo ha d 3 nn c xu hng mt 1 e chuyn

v phc [Cr(aq)]3+. Do vy, ion Cr2+ cng c tnh kh c trng.
6) Gii thch v sao Co2+ trong dung dch ammoniac rt d b oxy ha ln Co 3+, trong khi n
rt bn trong nc.
ion
Co(III)

P (kJ/mol)
250,5

Phi t
H2O
NH3

(kJ/mol)
217,0
273,2

Co(II)

304,2

H2O
NH3

110,9
132,4

Do coban l nguyn t gn cui dy 3d, s oxy ha +2 bn vng trong khi s oxy ha +3 rt

km bn vng. Trong nc ion Co3+ di dng phc phc spin cao hexaaquacoban(III), cu
4
2
hnh d d khng trng thi bn (Trng thi bn l trng thi bo ha hay bn bo ha cc
phn lp d , d), do vy, n c tnh oxy ha rt mnh.
Trong mi trng ammoniac, Co(III) nm di dng phc spin thp hexaammincoban(III), cu
6
0
hnh bn d d , trong khi Co(II) nm di dng phc spin cao hexaammincoban(II), cu hnh
d 5 d 2

6
0
khng trng thi bn, do vy n d cho i 1e chuyn v cu hnh bn d d ca
phc hexaammincoban(III).

7) Xp cc ion di y thnh 2 dy: Dy to nhiu hp cht c mu v dy to thnh nhiu

hp cht khng c mu. Gii thch.
Cu2+ , Cu+ , Cd2+ , Rh4+ , W6+ , V2+.
Dy ion to nhiu hp cht c mu: Cu2+ (3d9) ; Rh4+ (4d5); V2+ (3d3)
Dy ion to nhiu hp cht khng c mu: Cu+ (3d10) ; Cd2+ (4d10) ; W6+ (4f14)

Mu ca mt hp cht (hay vt th) l do mt phn nh sng nhn thy b cht (vt

th) hp ph, phn cn li b phn chiu hay truyn qua cht (vt th) vo mt ta gy ra
cm gic mu.
Theo thuyt trng tinh th, nguyn t cht to phc b gim s suy bin cc phn
lp d, f trong trng tinh th ca cc phi t. S gim suy bin ny to ra nng lng tch
trng tinh th. Nng lng ny thng nm trong vng bc sng ca nh sng kh kin.
Do vy, cc ion c electron cha bo ha trn cc phn lp d, f s d to hp cht c mu.
8) Cu(OH)2 l mt base yu nhng [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 li l mt base mnh, gii thch
iu nh th no?
Trong Cu(OH)2, nhm OH lin kt vi Cu(II) bng lin kt cng ha tr, v s phn
ly mt phn ca OH- trong ng(II) hydroxyt ph thuc vo s phn cc ca lin kt Cu
OH. Do s phn cc ny khng ln, ng hydroxyt l mt base yu (pKB2 = 6,47).
Trong phc [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 , ion hydroxyt nm cu ngoi, ngha l nm di
dng ion v lin kt vi ion phc [Cu(NH 3)4]2+ bng lc ion. V vy khi phc tan trong
nc, ton b ion OH- tn ti trong dung dch.
9) Trong dy ha quang ph F- > I-. Gii thch v sao: ion fluorid to phc rt bn vi
ion st(III) trong khi hu nh khng to phc vi ion thy ngn(II), ngc li ion
iodid to phc rt bn vi ion thy ngn(II) trong khi hu nh khng to phc vi
ion st(III).
(Gi : Dng thuyt MO trong phc v thuyt acid base cng mm gii
thch)
Bn cht ca hin tng thc nghim cho trong bi: Ion Fe 3+ (0,67 ) l acid cng,
Hg2+(1,12 ) l acid mm, F- (1,33 ) l base cng, I- (2,2 ) l base mm. Theo thuyt
acid base cng mm, Fe3+ to lin kt vi F- bn hn phc vi I- do lc lin kt ch yu
l lc ion, ngc li Hg2+ to phc vi I- bn hn phc vi F- bi lc lin kt trong phc
ch yu l lc cng ha tr. Xt trong trng hp phc ca Hg 2+ vi ion F- v I-, thuyt
MO cho thy I- to phc mnh hn F- do ion iodua c AO cho mnh trong khi ion
florua c AO cho rt yu.
10)Mu ca dung dch mui hexaaquacrom(II) b bin i nhanh khi trong khng
kh. Khi cch ly hon ton vi khng kh mu ca dung dch cng b bin i dn.
Gii thch hin tng ny. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. Gii thch hot tnh ca
hexaaquacrom(II) da vo cu trc electron ca n.
-

Vi phc [Cr(H2O)6]2+ : c B < P, nn y l phc spin cao, ion trung tm c cu

hnh e l d d . Do d 1 electron so vi cu hnh bn bo ha d 3 nn c xu hng
mt 1 e chuyn v phc [Cr(H2O)6]3+. Do vy, ion Cr2+ c tnh kh c trng kh mnh.
3

4[Cr(H2O)6]2+

O2

4H+

4[Cr(H2O)6]3+

2H2O

Xanh lam

xanh lc

Khi khng c khng kh, n kh chm nc:

2[Cr(H2O)6]2+ + 2H2O = 2[Cr(H2O)6]3+

H 2

2OH-

11) Thit lp 1 pin sau 250C:

Ag [Ag(CN)n(n-1)-] = C (mol/l) , [CN-] d
[Ag+] = C (mol/l) Ag
a) Thit lp phng trnh sut in ng (S) ca pin theo cc gi tr n, [CN -] v
hng s bn ca phc cyano ca bc :
S = f(n, [CN-], )
b) Tnh n v , bit rng sut in ng ca pin l 1,20V khi [CN -] =1M v 1,32V khi
[CN-] = 10M
(LMQ98)
Thit lp phng trnh sut in ng ca pin:
Phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc:
- Ti cc (+): Ag+ + 1e = Ag
-

Ti cc (-):

Ag + nCN- - 1e

= Ag(CN)n(n-1)-

Phn ng xy ra trong pin:

Ag+
+ nCN=

Ag(CN)n(n-1)

(*)

Kcb =

Sc in ng ca pin:

E E 0,059.lg
o

a Ag (CN )( n1)
n

a Ag . aCN

(1)

Nu xt n gin ta c th xem h s hot bng 1. Khi , trng thi ang xt ta

c:
a Ag ( CN )
= [Ag(CN)n(n-1)-] = C (mol/l)
( n 1 )
n

aCN = [CN-]
a Ag

= [Ag+] = C (mol/l)
Thay cc gi tr vo phng trnh (1), ta c:
E E o 0,059. lg

C
E o 0,059. lg[CN ]n
C .[CN ]n

Mt khc, sut in ng chun c tnh theo cng thc:

G 0 nFE 0 RT ln K cb
RT
0,059
E0
ln K cb
lg K cb 0,059 lg
nF
n

(3)

(2)

Thay (3) vo (2) ta c:

E 0,059. 0,059. lg[CN ]n 0,059. lg . [CN ]n

a) Tnh n v , bit rng sut in ng ca pin l 1,20V khi [CN -] =1M v 1,32V
khi [CN-] = 10M:
Ta c:
E10 ( M ) E1( M )

0,059. n. lg

Gii ra ta c: n 2
V E1( M ) 0,059. lg ,

10
1,32 1,20 0,12 (V )
1

nn:

= 1020,34

12)Trong mi trng ammoniac, Co(II) rt d b oxy ha ln Co(III), tri li ion Co 3+

trong nc l cht oxy ha rt mnh, n d dng oxy ha nc v tr v trng thi
Co(II).
a) Hy gii thch hin tng trn. (Cho bit Co(II) v Co(III) u to phc bt din
vi ammoniac)
b) Tnh th kh chun ca cp [Co(NH3)6]3+/[Co(NH3)6]2+ 250C
[Co(NH3)6]3+
[Co(NH3)6]2+
0
Co

/ Co 2

P= 250,5 kJ/mol
P = 304,2 kJ/mol

B = 273,2 kJ/mol
B = 132,4 kJ/mol

kb = 1.10-35,21
kb = 1.10-4,39

1,84V

a) Gii thch nh bi tp 6.
b) Tnh th kh chun ca cp [Co(NH3)6]3+/[Co(NH3)6]2+ 250C:
Trong mi trng nc:
Co3+ + e Co2+ (1)

0
Co

/ Co 2

1,84 V

Trong mi trng ammoniac:

[Co(NH3)6]3+ + e [Co(NH3)6]2+

[0Co ( NH

3
3 )6 ]

/[ Co ( NH 3 ) 6 ]2

(2)

Ta c:
Phng trnh Nernst cho bn phn ng (1)
Co

/ Co

0 Co3 / Co2 0,059 lg

[Co 3 ]
[Co 2 ]

(*)

Bin i biu thc (*) chuyn qua tnh th kh cho bn phn ng (2) bng cch cho vo
nng NH3:

0
[CO ( NH ) ]3 /[ Co ( NH ) ]2 Co
0,059 lg
3
/ Co 2
3 6

3 6

0
Co
0,059 lg
3
/ Co 2

0
Co3 / Co 2

[Co 3 ][ NH 3 ]6
[Co 2 ][ NH 3 ]6

[Co 3 ][ NH 3 ]6 [[Co( NH 3 )6 ]2 ]
[[Co( NH 3 ) 6 ]3 ]
.

0
,
059
lg
[[Co( NH 3 )6 ]3 ] [Co 2 ][ NH 3 ]6
[[Co( NH 3 ) 6 ]2 ]

0,059 lg

[Co ( NH ) ]3 kb
3 6

[Co ( NH ) ]2 kb
3 6

[0Co ( NH ) ]3 /[ Co ( NH ) ]2 0,059 lg
3 6

3 6

[[Co( NH 3 )6 ]3 ]
0,059 lg
[[Co( NH 3 )6 ]2 ]

[[Co( NH 3 )6 ]3 ]
[[Co( NH 3 ) 6 ]2 ]

th kh chun ca cp [Co(NH3)6]3+/[Co(NH3)6]2+ 250C l:

[Co ( NH ) ]
0
[0Co ( NH ) ] /[ Co ( NH ) ] Co

0
,
059
lg
/ Co
[Co ( NH ) ]
3 6

3 6

V y

3 6

3 6

1,84 0,059 lg

35 , 21

1.10
1.10 4,39

kb
kb

0,022 V

(p n ny c s khc bit so vi gi tr th kh chun ca cp [Co(NH 3)6]3+/

[Co(NH3)6]2+ cho trong cc s tay ha hc (0,1V) do trong php tnh ca chng ta
dng nng thay cho hot )
13) C dung dch [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 1M. Ion phc ny b phn hy trong mi trng acid
theo phn ng sau:
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4H+ Cu2+ + 4NH4+
Tnh pH ca dung dch 99,9% ion phc b phn hy, bit hng s bn tng
ca ion phc l = 1.1012 v hng s in ly acid ca NH4+ l 1.10-9,25.
Phng trnh phn ng:
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4H+ Cu2+ + 4NH4+
NH4+ NH3 + H+
Hng s cn bng p (1)

K cb

Cu NH
Cu( NH ) H

4
4
2
4

3 4

[Cu 2 ][ NH 3 ]4
[ NH 4 ]4
K a4
.

1025
2
4
4
[ H ] [ NH 3 ]

Cu( NH 3 ) 4

Ti thi im 99.9% ion phc b phn hy

[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4H+ Cu2+ + 4NH4+
10-3
x
1
4
Ta c:

 Cu 2

4
NH
K
Cu NH 2 H
3 4


x 4 10-5,5
pH 4,90

1 4 4
1025
3 4
10 x

14)

Kt qu phn tch mt phc cht ca platin(II) cho bit c 65% khi lng Pt,
24% Cl, 6% NH3 v 6% H2O.
a) Tm cng thc phn t ca phc cht, bit rng y l phc cht mt nhn v
Pt(II) c s phi tr l 4. Vit cng thc cu to ca hai ng phn cis v trans ca
n.
b) Entanpy to thnh chun 250C ca cc ng phn cis v trans ln lt l -396 v
-402 kJ/mol. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
cis trans
c) Tnh nng mol/l ca mi ng phn trong dung dch, bit rng lc u ch c
ng phn cis c nng 1.10-2M.
Pt = 195 ; Cl = 35,5 ; N = 14 ; H = 1 ; O = 16
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca phc cht:
Cng thc phn t ca phc cht c dng: Ptx(H2O)y(NH3)ZClt.
Kt qu phn tch mt phc cht ca platin(II) cho bit c 65% khi lng Pt, 24% Cl, 6%
NH3 v 6% H2O.
Ta c:

x:y:z:t=

65
6
6
24
:
:
:
1:1:1: 2
195 18 17 35,5

Nn cng thc n gin c dng: [Pt(H2O)(NH3)Cl2]n

M y l phc cht mt nhn v Pt(II) c s phi tr l 4 nn n = 1.
V y cng thc ca phc cht l: [Pt(H2O)(NH3)Cl2]
b. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
cis trans
Ta c:
Hop = Hotrans Hocis = - 402 (-396) = - 6 (kJ/mol) = - 6000 (J/mol)
Sop = Sotrans Socis = 0 (J)
Gop= Hop - TSop = (-6000) 298 .0= - 6000(J)
Mt khc : Gop = - RTlnKcb = - 6000 (J)
Vi:
R = 8,314 J/K.mol;
T = 298K
Gii ra ta c: Kcb = 11,265
c. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi ng phn trong dung dch:
cis

trans
Kcb = 11,265
-2
Ban u:
10
0
M
Phn ng:
x
x
M
Cn bng:
10-2 x
x
M
K cb

[trans ]
[cis ]

x
11,265
10 2 x

Gii ra ta c:
x 9,18 . 10-3 M
V y , khi phn ng t cn bng th:
[trans] 9,18 . 10-3 M,
[cis]= 8,2 . 10-4 M
15)Tnh ha tan (mol/l) ca AgCl trong dung dch NH 3 1M. Bit rng tch s tan
ca AgCl l 10-10 v hng s bn tng ca ion phc diammin bc(I) l 1,6.107.
Phng trnh phn ng:
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + ClBan u
1
0
0
M
Cn bng
1 - 2x
x
x
M
Hng s cn bng:
[ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ] Cl
[ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]
K cb

. Ag Cl .T 1.6.10 3
2
2

NH 3
Ag NH 3

Thay cc nng ti thi im cn bng, ta c:

K cb

[ Ag ( NH ) ] Cl

3 2

NH 3

Gii ra ta c: x

x2
(1 2 x) 2

1,6 . 10 3

0,037 M

12. L thuyt ca thuyt trng tinh th

Cu 1: Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau theo thuyt trng tinh th:
a) Nng lng tch ph thuc cu hnh ca phc cht, bn cht ca cht to phc v bn cht
phi t.
b) Phc cht ca nguyn t p c phn lp p ca nguyn t p hoc cn trng, hoc y e; c
s tch mc nng lng phn lp d ca nguyn t p.
Sa li: i vi cc nguyn t p c phn lp p hoc cn trng, hoc y e, khi to phc
c s tch mc nng lng trn phn lp d
c) T tnh ca phc cht l do cc e khng ghp i to nn.
d) Phc cht tn ti v bn nh vo lc tng tc tnh in gia cht to phc v cc phi t
Cu 2: Chn cu ng theo thuyt trng tinh th.
1) Vi phc bt din, tng tc gia ligand vi cc orbital dxy, dyz, dzx mnh hn tng tc vi cc
orbital dz, dx-y.
2) Vi phc t din, tng tc gia ligand vi cc orbital dxy, dyz, dzx yu hn tng tc vi cc
orbital dz, dx-y.
3) Vi phc bt din, cc ligand nm trn trc x, y, z.
a) Ch 1 ng
b) Ch 2 ng
c) 3 ng
d) 1 v 2 ng.
Cu 3: Chn cu ng

1) Vi cng nguyn t trung tm v phi t, nng lng tch ca t din T ln hn nng lng
tch ca bt din O.
2) Vi cng ion trung tm vi cng mt cu hnh phc, cng ln nu phi t cng mnh.
3) Cc nguyn t chuyn tip c trng thi oxy ha dng v tun theo quy tc chn le Mendeleev.
a) 1 ng
b) Ch 2 ng
c) Ch 3 ng
d) 2,3 ng.
Cu 4. Chn nhng cu ng.
2) Trong trng hp kch thc ion to phc kh nh so vi kch thc phi t, c xu hng to
phc t din.
3) Dy ha quang ph ch ng vi cc phc bt din
4) Phc lp phng ch bit i vi cc ion c kch thc rt ln so vi kch thc phi t.
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 4
c) 1, 2 , 3 & 4
d) 1 , 2 & 4
Cu 5. Theo thuyt trng tinh th, nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phc bt din ph thuc
vo:
1) in tch ca nguyn t trung tm, nguyn t trung tm c in tch cng ln th nng lng tch
trng tinh th cng cao (vi cc phc c cng cu hnh v phi t).
2) Cu hnh ca phc cht, bn cht ca cht to phc v bn cht phi t
3) Trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm.
a) 1 ng
b) 1, 2 ng
c) 3 ng
d) Khng c p n ng
Cu 6. Chn pht biu ng:
a) Cc phc t din l cc phc spin thp.
b) Cc phc c nng lng n nh trng tinh th cng m th cng bn.
c) Kch thc ion trung tm khng nh hng n nng lng tch trng tinh th.
d) Phc bt din lun c nng lng n nh trng tinh th m.
Cu 7: Chn phng n ng:
1) Cht to phc c th l ion (anion, cation) hay nguyn t v thng c gi chung l nguyn t
to phc.
2) Ligand l ion ngc du vi cht to phc (cation, anion) hay phn t trung ha in, c phi
tr xung quanh nguyn t trung tm.
3) in tch ca cu ni l tng in tch ca cc ion trong cu ni. Cu ni c th l cation, anion
hoc trung ha in.
4) Nhng ion nm ngoi v ngc du vi cu ni to nn cu ngoi.
5) Phc cht c th c hoc khng c cu ni.
a) Ch 3,4 ng
b) Ch 1,2,3,4 ng
c) Ch 1,2 ng
d) Tt c cng ng
Cu 8: Chn phng n ng:
1) S phi tr ca phc cht l s phi t bao quanh cht to phc trong cu ni.
2) S phi tr ca phc cht khng th ln hn 6.
3) S phi tr 6 ca nguyn t trung tm ch ng vi cu hnh bt din.
4) S phi tr 4 ca nguyn t trung tm ch ng vi cu hnh t din.
a) Ch 1,3 ng

b) Ch 2,4 ng
c) Ch 2,3,4 ng
d) Tt c cng ng
Cu 9: Chn phng n ng theo thuyt trng tinh th:
1) Thng s tch trng tinh th l hiu nng lng ca cc phn mc d v d.
2) Nu c cng nguyn t trung tm v phi t, thng s tch trng tinh th O ca phc bt din
> T ca phc t din.
3) s cng ln khi nguyn t to phc c in tch cng ln.
4) s cng ln khi ligand cng yu.
a) Ch 1,2,3 ng
b) Ch 1,3 ng
c) Ch 3,4 ng
d) Tt c cng ng
Cu 23
Chn phng n sai v thuyt trng tinh th:
a) Thuyt trng tinh th coi cht to phc v phi t l cc in tch im cung cp trng tnh
in
b) Thuyt trng tinh th coi s to phc l tng tc tnh in gia cht to phc v phi t.
c) Tng tc tnh in gia cht to phc v phi t c th ln thay i cu trc electron ha tr
ca cht tao phc
d) Di tc dng ca trng tnh in ca cc phi t, trng thi suy bin ca cht to phc s
gim
Cu 11
Chn pht biu sai theo thuyt trng tinh th.
a) Nng lng n nh trng tinh th cng m th h cng bn
b) S khc bit gia phc cht ca nguyn t p v d l phc cht nguyn t p khng c s tch
mc nng lng phn lp d, khng c nng lng n nh tinh th.
c) Nng lng tch trng tinh th ch ph thuc cu hnh ca phc cht.
d) Phc cht tn ti bn nh vo lc tng tc tnh in gia nhn trung tm v cc phi t.
Cu 16
Chn nhn xt ng:
Trong phc bt din, nu s electron > 3 v < 8, ta c:
1) Nu > P th phc l phc spin thp.
2) Nu > P th phc l phc spin cao.
3) Nu < P th phc l phc spin cao.
a) Khng c nhn xt no ng
b) Ch 1 ng
c) 2, 3 ng
d) 1, 3 ng
Cu 12
Chn pht biu ng v phc cht:
1) Vi cng m t ion to phc v phi t, thng th O > T.
2) O > P l phc spin cao, sp xp sao cho s e c thn ln nht.
3) O < P l phc spin cao, sp xp sao cho s e c thn ln nht.
a) 1 v 2
b) 1 v 3
c) Khng c pht biu ng
d) Ch 3 ng

Cu 50. Tm cu sai.
1) C tn ti phc t din c cu hnh d4 d0.
2) i vi nguyn t to phc, Me(II) c tch trng tinh th ln hn Me(III).
3) Thuyt trng tinh th gii thch c s c mu phong ph ca cc hp cht nguyn t
chuyn tip d v f.
4) Phc c lin kt cng ha tr vi phi t nhn cng ln th c tch trng tinh th
cng ln.
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Cu 12. Chn nhng cu ng.
1) Khi trng phi t mnh, phc vung c to thnh.
2) Dy ha quang ph ch ng vi cc phc bt din.
3) Phc kim loi chuyn tip c xu hng to 18 e ha tr xung quanh nguyn t to
phc.
4) Phc lp phng ch bit i vi cc ion c kch thc rt ln so vi kch thc phi
t.
b) 2 & 3
b) 3 & 4
c) 1, 2 , 3 & 4
d) 2, 3 & 4
Cu 19. Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau y theo thuyt trng tinh th:
a) Phc bt din c cu hnh d8 lun thun t vi phi t trng mnh hay yu.
b) Phc bt din c cu hnh d6 lun thun t vi phi t trng mnh hay yu.
c) Phc t din c cu hnh d6 lun thun t vi phi t trng mnh hay yu.
d) Phc bt din c cu hnh d4 lun thun t vi phi t trng mnh hay yu.
13. p dng thuyt trng tinh th
+ D on cu hnh khng gian ca phc
Cu 13. Vng(III) thng to phc c cu hnh:
a) Bt din & t din
b) bt din & vung
Cu 10
Chn phng n ng:
Trong s cc ion Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, ion d to phc t din nht l:
a)
Fe2+
b)
Co2+
c)
Ni2+
d)
Nh nhau cho c 3 ion

c) t din

d) vung

Cu 5.
Chn phng n ng:
Phc ca Co(II) vi cc phi t trng yu
a) Ch to phc t din v phc t din c cu hnh

bn vng.

b) Ch to phc bt din v phc bt din v phc bt din c nng lng n nh trng tinh
th m hn phc t din.
c) Xc sut to thnh cu hnh bt din v t din l gn nh nhau v nng lng n nh
trng tinh th ca hai trng hp l xp x nhau.
d) Cha c s d don.
+ Phc spin cao, thp
Cu 14. Nhng cu hnh c th cho c phc spin cao v c phc spin thp l:
1)
d5
2) d7
3) d4
4) d8

a) Ch 1 & 2
b) Ch 2 & 3
c) Ch 1 , 2 & 3
d) Tt c
Cu 15
Nhng cu hnh no sau y c th cho c phc spin cao v phc spin thp:
1) d5 ;
2) d7 ;
3) d2 ;
4) d8 ;
5) d6
a)
Ch 2, 3
b)
Ch 1 , 2, 3
c)
1 , 2 , 3, 4
d)
1, 2, 5
Cu 48. Cc nguyn t mc oxy ha cho di y c th to phc bt din spin thp:
a) W(II) ; Os(VI)
b) Cd(II) ; Fe(III)
c) Tc(III) ; Ru(IV)
d) Ti(III) ; Mn(III)
15: Cc nguyn t mc oxy ha cho di y c th to phc bt din spin thp:
a) Hf(II) ; W(II) ; Os(VI)
b) V(IV) ; Fe(III) ; Ni(IV)
c) Cr(II) ; Tc(III) ; Ru(IV)
d) Nb(III) ; Mn(III) ; Co(III)
Gii thch (ch cn gii thch phng n chn)
Cu hnh electron ca Cr(II) c 3d4 , Tc(III) c 4d4 , Ru(IV) c 4d4 nn nu B > P th phc bt
din ca chng trng thi spin thp: d4do.
Cu 17
Chn cu ng: Cho phc [Co(NH3)6]3+ bit: = 273.2kJ/mol, P = 250.5kJ/mol
a) Cha d liu kt lun v phc cht
b) Phc trn l phc spin thp, nghch t
c) Phc trn l phc spin cao, thun t
d) Phc trn l phc spin cao, nghch t
Cu 18
Vit cu hnh electron ca phc [CoF6]3- theo thuyt trng tinh th v kt lun y l phc spin cao
hay spin thp, bit y l phc thun t.
4
2
a) (d )(d ) spin thp
4
2
b) (d )(d ) spin cao
c) khng th xc nh
4

d) (d )(d ) spin cao

Cu 20. Chn pht biu ng v phc [MnBr4]2-:
1. Phc c tn gi: tetrabromomangan(II).
2. y l phc thun t.
3. Phc c th c cu hnh spin cao hay thp.
4. Phc l phc spin cao theo thuyt trng tinh th.
a) Ch 2, 4 ng
b) 1, 2, 4 ng
c) 1, 3 ng

d) 2,3 ng

Cu 1: Chn pht biu ng v phc [MnBr4]2-, bit y l phc thun t:

1. Phc c tn gi: tetrabromomanganat(II).
2. Phc c cu hnh t din do t hp ca cc orbital 4s v 4p hnh thnh 4 orbital lai ha
sp3theo thuyt lin kt ha tr.
3. Phc c cu hnh l hnh vung do t hp ca cc orbital 3d, 4s, v 4p hnh thnh 4 orbital
lai ha d2sp.
4. Phc l phc spin cao theo thuyt trng tinh th.
a. 1, 2, 4 ng
b. 1, 3, 4 ng
c. 1, 3 ng
d. 1, 2 ng
Cu 21: Chn pht biu ng v tnh cht ca cc phc: (1) K2[Zn(OH)4], (2) Hg[Co(SCN)4]
(Co2+)
1) K2[Zn(OH)4] l phc t din, nghch t, Hg[Co(SCN)4] l phc t din thun t.

2) Hg[Co(SCN)4] c nng lng n nh trng tinh th m hn phc K2[Zn(OH)4]

3) K2[Zn(OH)4] v Hg[Co(SCN)4] l phc khng mu.
a. 1, 2 ng
c. 1, 3 ng
b. 2, 3 ng
d. Khng c p n ng.
2+
Cu 22. Chn pht biu ng v cc phc Cu theo thuyt trng tinh th:
1) Cc phc bt din ca Cu(II) c 2 cu hnh electron mc d khc nhau khi to phc vi
phi t trng yu v trng mnh.
2) Cc phc cht ca Cu2+ ch c 1 cu hnh duy nht l d6d4.
3) Cc phc cht ca Cu2+ c th thun t hay nghch t ty theo phi t trng mnh hay
yu.
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 3
c) 2
d) Tt c u sai.
Cu 2
Chn phng n ng:
a) Phc t din lun l phc spin cao.
b) Phc t din c th l phc spin cao hay thp ty thuc phi t trng yu hay mnh.
c) Phc hnh vung c th l phc spin cao hoc thp.
d) Tt c phc spin cao u nghch t.
+ t tnh ca phc
Cu 11. Hy cho bit cc phc no di y nghch t:
a)Hexafloromolibdat(III)
b) Hexaamminruteni(II)
c) Hexaaquaniobi(III)
d) Hexaclorotitanat(III)
Cu 24. Hy cho bit phc no c tnh thun t mnh nht trong cc phc sau:
a)Hexaammincobalt(III)
b) hexaaquamangan(II)
c) Tetrafloronikelat(II)
d) hexatiocyanatovanadat(III)
Cu 25. Cc phc sau y l thun t hay nghch t (gi thit rng cc phc ny tn ti bn).
1. [Fe(CN)6]-4 2. [FeCl6]-3
3. [Co(CN)6]-4 4. [CoCl6]-3
5. [Ni(CN)6]-4 6. [Ni(CN)6]-3.
a) Thun t: 1, 2, 3 ; nghch t: 4, 5, 6
b) Thun t: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ; nghch t: 1
c) Thun t: 1, 5, 6 ; nghch t: 2, 3, 4
d) Thun t: 1, 3 ; nghch t: 2, 4, 5, 6
Cu 34: Cu trc khng gian v t tnh ca phc [Fe(CN)6]4- l (CN- l phi t trng
mnh):
a) T din, nghch t
b) Bt din nghch t
c) T din thun t
d) Bt din thun t
Cu 3
Hy cho bit phc no c tr tuyt i tng spin ln nht trong cc phc sau:
a) Hexaammincobalt(III)
b) hexaaquamangan(II)
c) Tetrafloronikelat(II)
d) hexatiocyanatovanadat(III)
+ Xt tnh OXH K ca phc
Cu 27: Chn phng n ng:
Da vo cu trc ca phc cht v s sp xp electron ca nguyn t trung tm c th d
on tnh oxy ha kh c trng ca cc ion phc bt din ca (1) Ti(aq)3+ v (2) Cr(aq)2+
a) C 2 u c tnh kh c trng hn.
b) C 2 u c tnh oxy ha c trng hn.
c) (1) c tnh kh, (2) c tnh oxy ha.

d) (1) c tnh oxy ha, (2) c tnh kh.

Cu 22. Hp cht no di y ca cobalt trong dung dch c tnh kh mnh nht?
a) [Co(NH3)6]Cl2
b) K4[Co(SCN)6]
c) K4[CoF6]
d) [Co(H2O)6]SO4
3+
8(trang 85). So snh tnh oxy ha ca Fe(III) trong [Fe(H2O)6] v [Fe(CN)6]3+:
a) [Fe(CN)6]3- mnh hn
b) [Fe(H2O)6]3+ mnh hn
c) Bng nhau
d) Khng c c s so snh.
14. Mu sc ca phc cht
Cu 28. Titan dioxide c mu trng. Hy chn khong nh sng (, nm) n hp th:
a) < 400
b) 480 490
c) 435 480
d) 595 605
Cu 29: Chn phng n ng:
Cc phc no trong cc phc sau y c th l khng mu:
1)
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ 2) [CuCl2]3) [Zn(OH)4]24) [AlF6]35) [FeCl6]36)
2[TiOF4]
a) 3,4,6 ng
b) Ch 2,5 ng
c) Ch 1,3 ng
d) Ch 4,6 ng
30. Chn phng n ng:
D on dung dch ca cc ion sau c th l khng mu:
1) 26Fe3+
2) 29Cu2+
3) 24Cr3+
4) 25Mn2+
5) 13Al3+
6) 29Cu+
2+
2+
2+
3+
7) 30Zn
8) 82Pb
9) Ni
10) 57La
a) Cc dung dch 5,6,7,8,10 khng mu
b) Cc dung dch 1,2,3,4,9 khng mu
c) Khng c c s d on
d) Ch 5,8 khng mu
Cu 31
Chn phng n ng:
a) Cc hp cht ca nguyn t p u khng c mu
b) Cc hp cht ca nguyn t d u c mu
c) Cc hp cht s thng c mu
d) Cc hp cht c cu hnh d0 v d10 thng khng c mu
16: Hy d on nhng cht no di y c nhiu kh nng mu trng (khng mu).
Gii thch.
1) Na3[AuCl6]
2) La2O3
3) ZrCl4
4) Mo(SO4)2
a) 2 & 3
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 2 & 4
d) Khng c cht no.
Gii thch
La v Zr mc d l nguyn t chuyn tip nhng La(III) v Zr(IV) khng c electron
ha tr trn phn lp d, v vy kh nng hp cht lantan(III) oxyt v zircon tetraclorua
khng c mu l rt ln.
Cu 42. Phn nhiu cc hp cht ca cc nguyn t c s oxy ha di y mang mu:
a) 79Au(I) ; 46Pd(II)
b) 42Mo(II) ; 29Cu(II)
c) 57La(III) ; 25Mn(III) d) 80Hg(II) ; 74W(IV)
12: D on xem kali hexafloronikelat(II) khng th c mu no trong s cc mu di
y. Cho bit kali hexafloronikelat(IV) c mu thm.
a) Khng mu
b) Da cam
c) Tm
d) Cnh sen
Gii thch s chn la ca bn.

V Ni(III) to trng tinh th yu hn Ni(IV) nn cn c vo bng quan h gia mu

sc ca phc v nng lng tch trng tinh th phc kali hexafloronikelat(III) khng th c
mu da cam.
4: Mu no khng th c phc Natri hexacyanopaladat(IV) trong cc mu cho di y.
Cho bit phc tetraclorodiamminpaladi(IV) c mu cam nh .
a) Khng mu
b) tm
c) vng
d) lc nh vng
Gii thch:
CN- l phi t to nng lng tch trng tinh th mnh hn NH3 v Cl- nn phc
Na2[Pd(CN)6] ch c th hp th cc photon c cc bc sng nh hn hoc bng 480-490
nm, do vy phc ny khng th c mu tm.
1: Cc mui ng c mu nh sau: ng(II) nitrat hexahydrat: xanh bin ; ng(II)
clorua: nu da ln sm; ng(II) nitrat: khng mu. Cc mui ny u tan kh tt trong
dung dch nc. Dung dch long ca chng c mu g? Bit rng dung dch mui ng(II)
sulfat c mu xanh bin.
a) Xanh bin.
b) Cu(NO3)2.6H2O : xanh bin ; CuCl2: nu da ln lt; Cu(NO3)2 : khng mu.
c) Cu(NO3)2.6H2O v Cu(NO3)2: xanh bin ; CuCl2: nu da ln lt.
d) C 3 phng n trn u khng ng.
Gii thch:
Trong dung dch nc long, ion Cu2+ nm di dng phc aqua. Dung dch mui ng(II)
sulfat c mu xanh bin cho thy phc aqua c mu xanh bin, suy ra phng n a l p n.
15. Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th
Cu 40: Chn phng n ng:
Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc [Fe(CN)6]4-, bit P = 209,9 kJ/mol, =
403,2 kJ/mol.
a) -547.88 kJ/mol
b) -337.98kJ/mol
c) -161.28 kJ/mol
d) p s khc
Cu 41: Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc bt din [Fe(CN)6]3-. Bit
[Fe(CN)6]3- l phc spin thp :
a) 0
b) -10/5O + 2EP
c) -12/5O + 2EP
d)-6/5O
Cu 36. Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca [Ni(SCN)6]4 2
3
o 2 o
5

5
2
3

b) E 6 o 2 o 3E P
5
5

3
2
o 4 o
c) E 4
5

5
2
3
o 2 o 3E P
d) E 6
5

a) E 6

Cu 37
Cho bit t tnh v tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc hexaaquamagan(II).
Bit O= 101 kJ/mol v P = 304,2 kJ/mol.
a) Nghch t, 0 kJ/mol
b) Nghch t, 304,2 kJ/mol
c) Thun t, 304,2 kJ/mol
d) Thun t, 0 kJ/mol

Cu 43. Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc [MnF6]4a) 72,5 kJ

b) -72,5 kJ
c) 0 kJ
d) Khng d liu tnh.
Cu 4: Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc [MnCl6]4a. 0
b. -52.6 kJ

c. 72.5 kJ
d. Khng th tnh c.

Cu 38
Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca [Co(NH3)6]3+, bit rng > P.
a) E = 6(2/5) + 3P
b) E = 6(2/5) + 2P
c) E = 6(-2/5) + 3P
d) E = 6(-2/5) + 2P
Cu 44. Xc nh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc [CoF6 ]3- bit = 155
kJ/mol v P = 250.5 kJ/mol, y l phc spin cao hay spin thp
a) - 62 kJ/mol, phc spin cao.
b) -154.68 kJ/mol, phc spin thp
c) 129 kJ/mol, phc spin thp
d) - 62 kJ/mol, phc spin cao.
Cu 45: Chn phng n ng:
Cc phc c gi tr nng lng n nh trng tinh th bng khng l:
1) Phc bt din d5 spin cao.
2) Phc bt din d10.
3) Phc bt din d5 spin thp.
4) Phc bt din d6 spin thp.
5) Phc t din d5.
6) Phc t din d10.
7) Phc ca nguyn t h p.
a) 1,2,5,6,7 ng
b) Ch 1,2 ng
c) Ch 1,2,5,6 ng
d) 3,4 ng.
So snh nng lng n nh trng tinh th
Cu 46. So snh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca 2 phc (1) [Cu(NH3)4]+ v (2)
[Cu(NH3)6]+.
a) E1 = E2.
b) E1 > E2.
c) E1 < E2.
d) Thiu d liu so snh.
Cu 47: So snh nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca 2 phc sau: [Mn(H2O)6]2+ (E1) v
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ (E2)
a. Khng th tnh c do khng bit , P
c. E1 < 0 < E2
b. E1 = E2 = 0
d. E2 > E1 > 0
Cu 48: So snh nng lng n nh trng tinh th (E) ca cc phc sau y:
1. [MnCl6]4-, 2. [Fe(CN)6]3- ,
3. [FeBr6]3-.
a. 1 > 2 > 3
b. 1 < 2 = 3
c. 1 = 3 > 2
d. Khng so snh c.
Cu 50: So snh nng lng n nh trng tinh th E1 ca [Cr(H2O)6]2+v E2 ca
[Mn(H2O)6]2+
a. E1=E2
c. E1<E2
b. E1>E2
d. Khng th so snh
Cu 51. So snh nng n nh trng trng tinh th E1 ca [Fe(CN)6]2+ v E2 ca [MnCl6]2+.
a) E1 > E2
b) E1 < E2
c) E1 = E2
d) Khng so snh c
16. So snh nng lng tch trng tinh th

Cu 49. Chn trng hp sai khi so snh nng lng tch trng tinh th ca cc phc hexaaqua
ca cc kim loi sau:
a) Fe(II) > Os(II)
b) Mn(III) > Mn(II)
b) c)Ag(I) > Cu(I)
d)W(III) > Cr(III)
Cu 52: Chn phng n ng:
So snh nng lng tch trng tinh th ca cc phc sau:
1) [CdCl4]2- < [CdCl6]4-.
2) [Co(CN)6]4- < [Co(CN)6]3-.
3) HgCl4]2- < [ZnCl4]2-.
4) [Fe(CN)6]3- < [FeF6]3-.
a) 1,2
b) 3,4
c) 1,4
d) 2,3
Cu 53. So snh nng lng tch trng tinh th E1 ca [Ru(CN)6]3- v E2 ca [Fe(CN)6]3- (Fe c
Z = 26, Ru c Z = 44).
E = E2 do Fe3+ v Ru3+ c cng cu hnh electron l d6
a) 1
b)

E1 < E2 do Fe3+ v Ru3+ c cng cu hnh electron l d6 nhng trong cng mt phn nhm

c)

nng lng tch trng tinh th gim dn do tng kch thc orbital nguyn t.
E1 > E2 do Fe3+ v Ru3+ c cng cu hnh electron l d6 nhng trong cng mt phn nhm

d)

nng lng tch trng tinh th tng dn do tng kch thc orbital nguyn t.
Khng th so snh do khng c gi tr tng ng vi tng cht.

Cu hi tng hp thuyt trng tinh th

10: no di y sai.
a) Phc aqua ca Cr(II) km bn hn phc aqua ca Cr(III).
b) Ru(III) c to phc t din spin thp.
c) Phc bt din spin thp ca Mn(III) thun t.
d) Phc ca Ti(III) thun t.
Gii thch.
Phc t din khng c trng thi spin thp v P lun lun ln hn T.
Cu 5: Chn pht biu ng v cc phc Ni2+ theo thuyt trng tinh th:
1. Cc phc bt din ca Ni(II) c 2 cu hnh electron mc d khc nhau khi to phc vi
phi t trng yu v trng mnh.
6 2
2. Cc phc cht ca Ni2+ ch c 1 cu hnh duy nht l d d . Chng u l phc thun t.
3. Ch c phc hnh thnh gia Ni2+ v cc phi t trng mnh mi c th to phc hnh
vung, phn ln cc phc cn li ca Ni2+ l phc bt din.
a. Ch 1, 3 ng
b. Ch 2 ng
c. Ch 2, 3 ng
d. Tt c cng ng
17. Thuyt VB
Cu 55: Chn cu ng v thuyt lin kt ha tr:
1) Khng gii thch c v sao cc phc ca nguyn t chuyn tip d v f thng c mu trong
khi phc nguyn t khng chuyn tip (nguyn t p) thng khng c mu.

2) Khng gii thch c v sao cc nguyn t chuyn tip to c nhiu phc cht hn hn cc
nguyn t khng chuyn tip.
3) Khng gii thch c v sao c s tch mc nng lng trong phn lp d.
a) Tt c u ng.
b) Ch 1 ng
c) Ch 2 ng
d) Ch 3 ng
Cu 58: Chn phng n ng:
Trong trng thi lai ha sp2d, cc orbital tham gia lai ha l:
a) s, px, py, d x y
2

b) s, px, py, d z
c) s, px, py, dxy
d) s, px, pz, d x y
Cu 59: Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, s lai ha sp2d to thnh hnh dng g v do cc orbital p, d
no tham gia li ha (chn trc x lm trc lin kt):
a) Dng t di n, pz, px, d x y .
b) Dng t di n, py, px, d x y .
c) Dng hnh vung phng, py, px, d x y .
d) Dng hnh vung phng, py, px, d z .
2

Cu 61: Chn phng n ng:

Da vo thuyt VB c th d on [Cu(NH3)4]2+ c cu hnh:
a) T din, Cu2+ lai ha sp3.
b) T din, Cu2+ lai ha trong dsp2.
c) Vung phng, Cu2+ lai ha trong dsp2.
d) Vung phng, Cu2+ lai ha sp3.
Cu 60. Chn pht biu ng v phc [Co( NH 3 ) 6 ]3 , bit phc ny nghch t.
a) Phc dng t di n, c lai ha sp2d.
b) Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, nguyn t trung tm lai ha to phc d2sp3 trong cc oribital
tham gia lai ha l 3d x y ; 3d ; 4s; 4 p x ; 4 p y ; 4 p z v c cu trc bt din
c) Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr nguyn t trung tm lai ha to phc sp3d2 trong cc oribital
tham gia lai ha l 4s; 4 p x ; 4 p y ; 4 p z ; 4d x y ; 4d z v c cu trc bt din
d) Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, y l phc spin cao.
+ p dng thuyt VB cho cc phc c th
Cu 62: Chn phng n ng:
Phc [CoF6]3- thun t. Theo thuyt VB [CoF6]3- l
a) Phc bt din spin cao, Co3+ lai ha sp3d2.
b) Phc bt din spin thp, Co3+ lai ha d2sp3.
c) Phc bt din spin thp, Co3+ lai ha sp3d2.
d) Phc bt din spin cao, Co3+ lai ha d2sp3.
64. Chn phng n ng:
Phc [Co(NH3)6]3+ l nghch t. Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, cu trc ca phc cht l:
a) Co3+ trng thi lai ha d2sp3 to phc orbital ni
b) Co3+ trng thi lai ha sp3d2 to phc orbital ni
c) Co3+ trng thi lai ha d2sp3 to phc orbital ngoi
2

z2

d) Co3+ trng thi lai ha sp3d2 to phc orbital ngoi

63. Chn phng n ng:
Phc [NiCl4]2- (1) l thun t vi 2 electron c thn, phc [Ni(CN)4]2- (2) l nghch t. Theo
thuyt lin kt ha tr, cu trc ca 2 phc cht l:
a)
(1) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha sp3, (2) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha dsp2
b)
(1) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha dsp2, (2) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha sp3
c)
Ni2+ trng thi lai ha sp3 trong c 2 phc cht
d)
Ni2+ trng thi lai ha dsp2 trong c 2 phc cht
65. Chn phng n ng:
Phc [NiCl4]2- l thun t. Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, cu trc ca phc cht l:
a) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha sp3 to phc t din
b) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha sp3 to phc vung phng
c) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha dsp2 to phc t din
d) Ni2+ trng thi lai ha dsp2 to phc vung phng
18. Thuyt MO
+ L thuyt ca thuyt MO
Cu 67: Theo thuyt LCAO, quan ni m no di y l sai:
a) Tha nhn rng ch c cc ocbitan nguyn t (AO) ha tr l b bin i r rt khi to thnh
phn t do ch t hp cc AO ha tr vi nhau, cc AO cn li chuyn vo phn t di
dng cc ocbitan phn t khng lin kt.
b) Ch cc AO ca cc nguyn t c tnh i xng ging nhau mi t hp vi nhau.
c) S t hp ca cc AO ca cc nguyn t cng mnh khi chng c nng lng cng gn nhau
v chng xen ph nhau cng nh.
d) Kt qu t hp tun theo quy tc: aAO ca nguyn t A t hp vi bAO ca nguyn t B s
to thnh aMOlk , aMOplk v (b-a) MOklk (b > a).
Cu 69. Trong thuyt MO v phc cht, hy chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau:
a) Tt c cc AO ca cht to phc v phi t t hp vi nhau to thnh cc MO lin kt v
phn lin kt.
b) Ch cc AO ca cc nguyn t c tnh i xng ging nhau mi t hp vi nhau.
c) aAO ca nguyn t A t hp vi bAO ca nguyn t B s to thnh aMOlk , aMOplk v (b-a)
MOklk (a>b)
d) Lin kt cho nhn b tr t phi t v ion to phc c th lm phc cht bn hn hay
km bn hn ty theo phi t cho hay nhn electron.
Cu 72
Chn pht biu ng:
Theo thuyt orbital phn t cho phc cht:
1) Cc OA t hp vi nhau theo nguyn tc aAO ca nguyn t A t hp vi bAO ca nguyn t
B to thnh a MOlk, a MOplk, (b-a) MOklk .(a<b)
2) Tt c cc OA ca cc nguyn t u t hp vi nhau thnh cc orbital phn t lin kt v phn
lin kt, s t hp cng mnh khi nng lng cng gn nhau v xen ph cng ln.
3) Cc phi t nhn lm cho phc km bn vng hn.
a) Ch 1
b) Ch 3
c) 1,2
d) Ch 2
So snh ca phc theo MO
Cu 68: Sp xp th t no l ng nht theo thuyt LCAO trong phc cht:
a) ln : phi t cho > phi t nhn > phi t khng to lin kt

b) bn phc: phi t nhn > phi t cho > phi t khng to lin kt

c) bn ion trung tm: ion cho < ion nhn < ion khng to lin kt
d) ln : phi t nhn > phi t khng to lin kt > phi t cho
Cu 54: Chn phng n ng:
Thng s tch trng tinh th tng dn theo dy:
1) I- < Br- < Cl- < F- v bn knh ion gim lm tng in trng ca phi t.
2) CO < NH3 < H2O v s phn cc ca phn t tng.
3) H2O < OH- <
v in tch ca phi t tng.
4) OH- < NH3 < CN- v OH- l phi t cho , NH3 l phi t khng to lin kt , cn CN- l phi
t nhn .
a) Ch 1,4 ng
b) Ch 2,3 ng
c) Ch 1,2,3 ng
d) Tt c cng ng
Cu 71: Chn phng n ng theo thuyt MO:
1) Cc phi t trng yu l phi t nhn .
2) Cc phi t trng mnh l phi t cho .
3) Cc phi t trng trung bnh l phi t khng to lin kt .
4) Nng lng tch trng tinh th ca phi t cho < ca phi t khng to lin kt < ca phi
t nhn .
a) Ch 3,4 ng.
b) Ch 1,2 ng
c) Ch 1,2,4 ng
d) Tt c cng ng.
+ bn ca phc theo (l thuyt)
Cu 66: T gin phc bt din theo thuyt LCAO, nhn xt no sau y khng ng
a) Phc khng c lin kt , phc cng bn khi cng ln.
b) Phi t l cht cho , phc cng bn khi cng nh.
c) tng dn theo dy: Phi t cho < Phi t nhn < Phi t khng to lin kt .
d) Phi t l cht nhn , phc cng bn khi cng ln.
Cu 70. Theo thuyt MO, cc phi t cht nhn :
a) Phc s cng bn khi cng ln.
b) Phc s cng km bn khi cng ln.
c) Phc s lun km bn vi mi gi tr
d) Phi t khng nh hng n bn ca phc
+ Du ca E n nh trng tinh th theo MO
Cu 44. Theo thuyt MO trong phc cht, nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc
hexaaquacoban(II) mang du g? Bit rng phc ny thun t v khng to lin kt .
a) m
b) bng khng
c) dng
d) khng tnh c v khng bit P v B.
3: Theo thuyt MO trong phc cht, nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc
hexaiodotalat(III) mang du g? Bit rng phc ny nghch t v c to lin kt .
a) m
b) bng khng
c) dng
d) khng tnh c v khng bit P v B.
Gii thch:

Theo thuyt MO trong phc cht, phc [TlI6]3- c to lin kt vi Iodua l phi t cho , c
B l chnh lch nng lng gia hai phn lp *d v *d. Tuy nhin v Tali l nguyn t p phn
nhm IIIA, chu k 6 nn trn cc phn lp *d v *d ca phc hexaiodotalat(III) khng c
electron, do vy nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc bng khng.
14: Xt theo quan im thuyt MO trong phc cht, nng lng n nh trng tinh th (E)
ca cc phc di y mang du g?
1) [BH4]- (E1)
2) [Au(SCN)6]3- (E2) 3) [Th(OH)6]2- (E3)
a) E1 = 0 ; E2 < 0 ; E3 = 0
b) E1 = 0 ; E2 < 0 ; E3 > 0
c) E1 > 0 ; E2 > 0 ; E3 = 0
d) E1 = 0 ; E2 > 0 ; E3 = 0
Gii thch
[BH4]- : B l nguyn t p nn trn phn lp d, f khng c electron ha tr, do vy E1 = 0.
[Au(SCN)6]3-: Au3+ c 5d8, SCN- l phi t cho pi, theo thuyt MO , cc e ny phn b trong phc
dplk 6 dplk2 nn E2 > 0.
[Th(OH)6]2- : Th l nguyn t 5f c cu hnh electron 6d27s2, v vy Th4+ khng cn electron ha
tr trn phn lp 6d, suy ra E3 = 0.
19. Cu hi chung cho c 3 thuyt
Cu 74: Thuyt no gii thch c bn cht dy ha quang ph
a) Thuyt lin kt cng ha tr
b) Thuyt trng tinh th
c) Thuyt MO trong phc cht
d) C 3 thuyt trn.
Cu 4.
Tm cu sai.
1) Dy ha quang ph th hin bn vng cc phc ca mt kim loi gim dn t tri qua
phi khi chng c cng loi cu trc v phi t.
2) i vi cc phc khng c lin kt , tch cng ln phc cng bn.
3) Phc spin thp hexacyanoferat(III) (d5 d0) bn hn phc spin thp hexacyanoferat(II)
(d6 d0).
4) Cc phc cht nguyn t f cng c nhiu mu khc nhau.
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 , 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Cu 76. Tm cu sai.
1) C tn ti phc t din c cu hnh d4 d0.
2) Cc phc ammin ca st rt bn vng.
3) Thuyt trng tinh th gii thch c s c mu phong ph ca cc hp cht nguyn t
chuyn tip d v f.
4) bn ca cc ion phc c lin kt cng ha tr vi phi t cho cng ln th tch cng nh.
b) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Cu 77
Chn pht biu sai:
a)
Trong phc t din cc orbital dxy, dyz, dxz c nng lg cao hn dx2-y2 & dz2.
Trong phc bt din cc orbital dx2-y2 & dz2 c nng lg cao hn dxy, dyz, dxz.
b)
i vi cc phc khng c lin kt th tch cng ln, cng d to phc
spin thp v phc to thnh cng bn.
c)
i vi cc phc m phi t cho th tch cng nh, cng d to phc
spin cao v phc to thnh cng km bn.
d)
Thuyt trng tinh th gii thch c s c mu phong ph ca cc hp
cht nguyn t chuyn tip d& f.
Cu 78

Trong cc pht biu di y, pht biu no khng chnh xc:

1) Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr, phc cht c hnh thnh nh lin kt cng ha tr cho nhn
gia cht to phc v phi t. Thuyt cng ha tr gii thch c s phi tr, cu hnh khng gian
v mu sc ca phc.
2) Theo thuyt trng tinh th, 5 orbital d b tch thnh hai mc nng lng d v d do tng tc
y ca cc phi t.
3) Theo thuyt MO, phc spin cao bn hn phc spin thp v c mc nng lng n nh tinh th
E ln hn.
a) Ch 1
b) Ch 3
c) 2
d) 1, 3
Cu 79
Chn cu ng
a) Phc t din c ng phn hnh hc
b) Theo thuyt MO, cc phi t cho hay nh n u lm cho phc bn hn
c) Ion phc c bn knh cng ln, thng s tch cng nh do n ht cc phi t v mnh
yu hn
d) Phc t din c thng s tch T bng 5/9 thng s tch O ca phc bt din
Cu 46. no di y l ng.
a) Tt c cc phc bt din v t din ca Fe(II) nghch t
b) i vi Cr(III) phc bt din bn hn hn phc t din.
c) Phc t din ca Co(III) c trng thi spin thp nu phi t nhn rt mnh.
d) V(II) c to phc bt din nghch t vi cc phi t nhn mnh.
20. Phn ng to phc
Cu 49. Hp cht no c to thnh khi dung dch ammoniac ly d tng tc vi dung dch
CoSO4?
a) Co(OH)2
b) (NH4)2SO4.CoSO4
c) [Co(NH3)6]SO4
d) [Co(NH3)4(OH)2]SO4
Cu 80. Hp cht no c to thnh khi dung dch ammoniac ly d tng tc vi dung dch
CuSO4?
a) Cu(OH)2
b) (NH4)2SO4.CuSO4 c) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4
d) [Cu(OH)]SO4
Cu 37. Cu(OH)2 tan trong nhng cht no di y?
1) HCl
2) NaOH(long)
3) NaOH()
4) NH3(dd)
a) 1 , 3 & 4
b) 1 & 3
c) 1 & 4
d) 1
Cu 25. Co(OH)2 tan trong dung dch nhng cht no di y?
1) HCl
2) NaOH(long)
3) NH3(dd)
4) NH4Cl(dd)
a) C 4 cht
b) 1 , 3 & 4
c) 1 & 3
d) 1 , 2 & 3
Cu 39. CuCl tan trong nhng cht no di y?
1) H2O
2) HCl
3) NaOH long
4) NH3(dd)
a) 1 , 2 & 4
b) 2 & 4
c) 2 , 3 & 4
d) 2
Cu 81. ng l c th tan trong nhng cht no di y?
1) HCl(long)
2) NaOH(long)
3) NaCN(dd)
4) HNO3()
a) 4
b) 3 & 4
c) 1 & 4
d) 1 , 2 & 4
Cu 82. ng l c th tan trong nhng cht no di y khi c mt oxy?
1) HCl + KI (dd)
2) NaOH(long)
3) NaCN(dd)
4) NH3 (dd)
a) 3 & 4
b) 1 & 4
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 , 3 & 4

Phc
Hng s khng bn
Phc
Hng s khng bn
[CuI2]10-8,85
[Cu(NH3)2]+
10-10,86
[Cu(CN)4]310-30,3
[Cu(OH)4]210-18,5
10(85) Cho: pKb (NH4OH) = 4,755; pT(Fe(OH)2) = 15,1; pKkb ([Fe(NH3)6]2+): khng xc nh.
Khi cho t t dung dch NH4OH long vo dung dch FeCl2 s xy ra hin tng:
To kt ta Fe(OH)2
a)
u tin to kt ta Fe(OH)2 sau tan ra do to thnh [Fe(NH3)6]Cl2
b)
Khng c hin tng g do khng c phn ng no xy ra
c)
Khng c hin tng g nhng sn phm thu c l dung dch [Fe(NH3)6]Cl2
d)
2066. Sn phm ca phn ng CoCl2 + NH3 + NH4Cl +H2O2
a) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
b) Co(OH)3
c) [Co(HN3)6]Cl4
d) CoCl3
21. So snh bn ca cc phc
Cu 83. Ion phc no km bn vng nht?
a)
[CrF6]3b) [CrCl6]3c) [CrBr6]3d) [CrI6]3Cu 84. Phc no km bn vng nht trong s cc phc sau?
a) Hexaflorolanthanat
b) hexaiodolanthanat
c) Hexabromolathanat
d) khng kt lun c
Cu 41. Cho bit phc carbonyl no ca Co bn nht trong cc dng sau:
a) pentacarbonylcobaltat(-I)
b) pentacarbonylcoban(I)
c) pentacarbonylcoban(0)
d) pentacarbonylcoban(II)
Cu 85. Ion phc no di y bn nht?
a) [Ag(NH3)2]+ b) [Ag(S2O3)2]3c) [AgCl2]d) [Ag(CN)2]Cu 86. Trong s cc ion phc di y ion phc no bn nht?
a) [Ca(NH3)4]2+
b) [Zn(NH3)4]2+
c) [Hg(NH3)4]2+ d) [Cd(NH3)4]2+
Sa li: Trong s cc ion phc di y ion phc no bn nht?
1) [Zn(NH3)4]2+
2) [Hg(NH3)4]2+ 3) [Cd(NH3)4]2+
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 4) chng c bn tng ng nhau
Cu 87. Chn nhn xt sai. So snh bn ca cc phc c cng mt loi phi t v mt loi cu
hnh phc:
a) Pd(II) > Ni(II)
b) Cu(I) > Cu(II)
c) Mn(II) > Tc(II)
d) Ta(III) > V(III)
Cu 47. Chn trng hp so snh sai v bn ca phc:
a)
[PtCl4]2- > [NiCl4]2b) [BeF4]2- > [BeCl4]2c) [HgCl4]2- < [HgI4]2d) [Co(CN)6]3- < [Co(CN)6]413: Chn trng hp so snh sai v bn ca phc:
a)
[PtCl4]2- > [NiCl4]2b) [BeF4]2- > [BeCl4]222c) [HgCl4] > [HgI4]
d) [Co(CN)6]3- > [Co(CN)6]4Gii thch (sinh vin ch cn gii thch trng hp chn)
Hg2+ l mt acid mm, I- l base mm hn Cl- v kh nng cho pi mnh hn nn to vi
Hg(II) phc bn hn phc ca Hg(II) vi Cl-.
Trng hp a ng v Pt v Ni cng phn nhm nhng Pt chu k 6 nn to trng tinh
th ln hn Ni chu k 4.
Trng hp b ng v Be2+ l acid cng, cn F- l base cng hn Cl-.
Trng hp d ng v Co3+ to trng tinh th mnh hn Co2+.
Cu 88: Chn phng n ng:

So snh bn ca cc phc
1) [Co(NH3)6]3+ < [Co(CN)6]3-.
2) [CoF6]3- < [CoCl6]3-.
3) [CoI6]3- < [CoCl23-.
4) [Co(CN)6]3- < [Co(NO2)6]3-.
a) 1,4
b) 3,4
c) 1,2
d) 2,3
Cu 90. Da vo dy ha quang ph cho bn di hy so snh bn ca cc phc (1)
hexanyanidoferrat(II) v (2) hexacloridoferrat(II).
CO; CN- > NO2- > NH3 > NCS- > H2O > OH- > F- > SCN- > Cl- > Br- >I-.
a) 1 bn hn 2
b) 2 bn hn 1
c) bn nh nhau
d) khng d liu so snh.
Cu 91: Chn phng n ng:
So snh bn ca Co2+ v Co3+ trong dung dch nc v trong dung dch NH3 m c. Cho bit
nng lng ghp i P v nng lng tch trng tinh th :
Ion
P, kJ/mol
Ligand , kJ/mol
3+
Co
250,5
H2O
217
NH3
273,2
2+
Co
304,2
H2O
110,9
NH3
132,4
a) Co2+ bn hn trong nc; Co3+ bn hn trong NH3.
b) Co3+ bn hn trong nc; Co2+ bn hn trong NH3.
c) Co2+ bn hn trong c hai dung dch
d) Co3+ bn hn trong c hai dung dch
Cu 43. Cho bit pKkb ca cc phc t din ca Ag+ vi cc ion halogenua I- , Br- v Cl- ln lt
tng ng: 13,10 ; 8,73 ; 5,30.
Hy d on bn ca phc tetrafluoridoargenat(I):
a) pKkb < 5,30
b) pKkb >13,10
c) 13,10 > pKkb > 8,73
d) 8,73 > pKkb > 5,30
6: pKkb ca cc phc bt din ca Bi3+ vi cc ion halogenua I- , Br- v Cl- ln lt tng ng:
19,1 ; 9,52 ; 6,42.
Chn phng n gi tr pKkb thch hp nht cho phc hexaflorobismutat(III).
a) 21,2
b) 8,43
c) rt nh
d) 4,22
Gii thch:
Dy gi tr pKkb ca cc phc [BiI6]3- , [BiBr6]3- , [BiCl6]3- cho thy Bi3+ l mt acid mm, do
n to phc rt yu vi ion F- v F- l mt base cng.
22. L thuyt v phc cht
Cu 92
Cho cc phc cht:
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3, [Ni(CO)4], Na[BF4], FH2+, K4[Fe(CN)6], Fe(CO)5
Phc cation: Na[BF4], FH2+ ; Phc trung ha: [Ni(CO)4], Fe(CO)5; Phc anion:
a)
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 , K4[Fe(CN)6]
Phc cation: Na[BF4], K4[Fe(CN)6]; Phc trung ha: [Ni(CO)4], Fe(CO)5; Phc anion:
b)
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 , [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
Phc cation: FH2+, K4[Fe(CN)6]; Phc trung ha: Na[BF4], Fe(CO)5; Phc anion:
c)
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(CO)4]

Phc cation: FH2+, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3; Phc trung ha: [Ni(CO)4], Fe(CO)5; Phc anion:
Na[BF4], K4[Fe(CN)6]
Cu 93: Cho cc phc cht: [CO(NH3)6]Cl3, [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3, [Ni(CO)4], Na[BF4], phc NH4+, phc
floroni FH2+, K4[Fe(CN)6], [CO(NH3)3Cl3]. Chn cu ng:
a) Phc cation l: phc NH4+, Na[BF4]. Phc trung ha l [Ni(CO)4], [CO(NH3)3Cl3]. Phc
anion: [CO(NH3)6]Cl3 , K4[Fe(CN)6].
b) Phc cation l: Na[BF4], K4[Fe(CN)6]. Phc trung ha l [Ni(CO)4], [CO(NH3)3Cl3]. Phc
anion: [CO(NH3)6]Cl3 , [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3.
c) Phc cation l: phc floroni FH2+, [CO(NH3)6]Cl3. Phc trung ha l [Ni(CO)4],
[CO(NH3)3Cl3]. Phc anion: Na[BF4], K4[Fe(CN)6].
d) Phc cation l: phc floroni FH2+, phc NH4+. Phc trung ha l Na[BF4], K4[Fe(CN)6].
Phc anion: [CO(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(CO)4].
Cu 94. Chn cu ng. Ion ion phc c to thnh nh nhng loi lin kt:
a) Cng ha tr
b)Ion
c) Cng ha tr v ion
d) Cng ha tr , ion v Van der Waals.
Cu 95. Phc cht no di y c tnh ion ln nht?
a) [Cu(CN)4]2+
b) [AlF6]3c) [Co(H2O)6]2+
d) [HgI4]2Cu 96. Phc cht no l t ph bin nht:
a) Bt din
b) T din
c) Vung
d) Tam gic
Cu 3.
Chn phng n ng:
Cc phc c ng phn hnh hc:
1) Bt din
2) T din
3) Hnh vung
a) 1 v 3
b) Ch 1
c) Ch 2
d) Ch 3
d)

Cu 6
Chn phng n ng:
1) S phi tr ca phc cht l s phi t bao quanh cht to phc trong cu ni.
2) S phi tr ca phc cht khng th ln hn 6.
3) S phi tr 6 ca nguyn t trung tm ng vi cu hnh bt din.
4) S phi tr 4 ca nguyn t trung tm ng vi cu hnh t din.
a) Ch 1,3 ng
b) Ch 2,4 ng
c) Ch 2,3,4 ng
d) Tt c cng ng
Cu 7
Chn phng n ng:
1) Cht to phc c th l ion (anion, cation) hay nguyn t v thng c gi chung l
nguyn t to phc.
2) Ligand l ion ngc du vi cht to phc (cation, anion) hay phn t trung ha in,
c phi tr xung quanh nguyn t trung tm.
3) in tch ca cu ni l tng in tch ca cc ion trong cu ni. Cu ni c th l
cation, anion hoc phn t trung ha in.
4) Nhng ion nm ngoi v ngc du vi cu ni to nn cu ngoi.

5)
a)
b)
c)
d)

Phc cht c th c hoc khng c cu ni.

Ch 3,4 ng
Ch 1,2,3,4 ng
Ch 1,2 ng
Tt c cng ng

Cu 97: Chn phng n ng:

Cho K b ,[ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ] = 1108; K b ,[ Ag ( CN ) ] = 7.041019; TAgI = 8,310-17. Tnh tan ca AgI trong
dung dch NH3 v trong dung dch NaCN:
a) Hu nh khng tan trong NH3 nhng tan tt trong NaCN
b) Tan tt trong NH3 nhng khng tan trong NaCN
c) Khng tan trong c hai dung dch
d) Tan tt trong c hai dung dch.
Cu 98: Chn pht biu ng v phc c cng thc phn t l Co(NH3)5Cl3
1) Phc c th c cng thc cu to l [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 v c tn l:
cloridopentaammincobalt(III) cloride.
2) Phc c th c cng thc cu to l [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 v c tn l: pentaammincobalt(III) cloride.
3) Hai phc [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 v [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 u l phc bt din.
4) Phc [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 c nng lng n nh trng tinh th cao hn phc [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
a) Ch 1, 2 ng
b) Ch 3, 4 ng
c) Tt c cng ng
d) Khng c p n ng
Cu 99: Chn pht biu ng v cc gii php n gin phn bit 2 phc [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 v
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
1) Hai phc trn khng th phn bit c.
2) C th phn bit bng cch cho dung dch c cng nng ca hai phc trn tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO3 v xc nh phc thng qua lng kt ta AgCl thu c.
3) Xc nh thng qua dn in ca dung dch bng cch o dn ca dung dch c cng
nng ca hai phc trn cng iu kin, phc [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 c dn cao hn phc
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
a) 1 ng
b) Ch 2 ng
c) Ch 3 ng
d) 2, 3 ng
2

Cho dy ha quang ph sau theo chiu gim dn mnh ca cc ligand.

CO; CN- > NO2- > NH3 > NCS- > H2O > OH- > > F- > SCN- > Cl- > Br- >I-

Phc
[CuI2][Cu(CN)4]3ion

Hng s khng bn
Phc
Hng s khng bn
10-8,85
[Cu(NH3)2]+
10-10,86
10-30,3
[Cu(OH)4]210-18,5
Thng s tch () v nng lng ghp i electron (P) trong phc bt din
P
Phi t

ion
P
Phi t

Cr(III)

(kJ/mol)
-

Cr(II)

280,4

Mn(II)

304,2

Mn(IV)
Fe(III)

Fe(II)

357,9

209,9

H2O
NH3
FClBrCNNCSC2O42H2O
NH3
H2O
FClCNNCSBrgly (****)
H2O
NH3
FClCNH2O
NH3
FClBrCN-

(kJ/mol)
207,6
257,7
181,3
164,6
125,5
318,5
212,6
206,2
165,8
205,2
101,4
90,2
89,5
308,9
104,9
69,0
324,9
163,4
202,8
150,8
130,6
417,6
124,1
153,9
106,2
99,01
93,1
403,2

(*) en etan-1,2-diamin (H2N-C2H4-NH2)

Co(III)

(kJ/mol)
250,5

Co(II)

304,2

Ni(II)

Cu(II)

Ru(II)
Mo(III)
Rh(III)
Tc(IV)
Ir(III)
Pt(IV)
V(III)
V(II)

H2O
NH3
FCNen(*)
H2O
NH3
FClH2O
NH3
en(*)
SCNH2O
NH3
en(*)
FClNCSpy(**)
NH3
en(*)
bpy(***)
CNH2O
H2O
N3-

(kJ/mol)
217,0
273,2
155,
405,6
277,9
110,9
132,4
95,4
84,0
103,8
128,8
133,6
76,0
150,3
180,1
195,7
128,8
120,5
244,2
362,2
404,0
459,7
509,5
732,6
212,4
140,8
119,2