Hoa vo c

Danh phap cac

chat vo c

D thao ve danh phap

Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
Mot so quy tac khi xay dng d thao
Danh phap la danh t rieng nen gi nguyen

tieng nc ngoai khi viet.

Lay ten Latin lam chuan oi vi danh phap
n chat va ten tieng Anh lam chuan khi
viet danh phap hp chat.
Gi nguyen ten viet Viet cho nhng danh
phap rat thong dung.
Thong nhat cach at ten vi cac nganh
khoa hoc khac.
Tach cach viet ra khoi cach oc ten.

phap n chat
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
Gi nguyen ten 10 nguyen to
hoan toan thuan tieng Viet a
thong dung:
Fe/Sat(Ferrum)
Al/nhom(Aluminiu
m)
Au/vang(Aurum)
Ag/bac(Argentum)
Cu/ong(Cuprum) Hg/Thuy ngan
(Hydrargyrum/Merc
ury)
Zn/kem(Zincum)
S/lu
huynh(Sulfur)
Pb/ch(Plumbum)
Sn/thiec(Stannum

D thao ve danh phap

n chat
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
Gi nguyen ten Viet 3 phi kim loai
thong dung:
N/Nit/nitrogen(Nitrogenium)
O/Oxy(Oxygenium)
H/Hydro(hydrogenium)

Danh phap cua cac n chat

con lai lay c s danh phap
Latin vi mt s bin i nh sau:
a) Bo tip v ng um
V du: Helium (He) Heli

D thao ve danh phap

n chat
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
b) Mi mot nguyen to cach
viet va oc tieng Viet a rat
thong dung th bo ca nguyen am
i (e) trong tip v ng ium (eum) :
N/Nit;Nitrogen
Si/Silic(Silicium)
(Nitrogenium)
Pr/Praseodim
Ti/Titan(titanium)
(Praseodimium)
W/Wolfram(Wolframi Cr/Crom(Chromiu
um)
m)
Nd/Neodim(Neodimiu C/carbon(Carbone
m)
um)

phap n chat
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
c) Bo h cam: V du: Cl: Chlorum
Clor
d) Hai phu am giong nhau lin k,
bo bt mot phu am: V du: Be:
Berillium Berili
e) Hai nguyen to Cm va Tm gi
nguyen ten Latin e ky hieu phu
hp vi ten nguyen to :
Cm: Curium/Curium; Tm:
Thulium/Thulium
f) Hai nguyen to P va As bo ac

D thao ve danh phap

n chat
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
h) 8 nguyen to co hai cach
viet ten Viet:
N:
Nitrogenium

Nit(1)/Nitrogen(2)
Ca: Calcium Canxi(1)/Calci(2)
Co:
Cobaltum

Coban(1)/Cobalt(2)
Ni:
Niccolum/Nickel
Niken(1)/Nickel(2)
Sb: Stibium Antimon(1)/Stibi(2)

Mt s iem lu y trong d thao

ve hp cht
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam

1) Viet ten cation (phan dng) trc,

anion (phan am) sau
2) Mot so thuat ng thong dung co
the dung hai cach:
axit/acid ; xyanide/cyanide, axeton/aceton
; andehyd/aldehyd
3) oi vi hp chat bac 2 khong
dung hau to ua (yt,it), ma dung
hau toide
V d NaCl Natri cloride , NaCN Natri
cyanide , NaOH Natri hydroxide
4) Cac acid co hau to co the thay
bang hau to - ous

Mt s iem lu y trong d thao

ve hp cht
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
MOT SO IEM KHONG CHNH XAC TRONG
BAN D THAO

1) Cach viet ten cau noi cua phc

trong ban d thao thieu s nhat
quan, ten cau noi phai viet lien. V
du:
[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]Co ten : tetranitritodiammincobaltat(III)
Khong viet: tetranitritodiammin
cobaltat(III)
2) Phan ten hp kim trong ban d
thao thc te la hp chat gia cac
kim loai.

Mt s iem lu y trong d thao

ve hp cht
Hoi hoa hoc Viet Nam
MOT SO IEM KHONG CHNH XAC TRONG BAN
D THAO

4) Acid co oxy theo quan niem phc

chat la phc trung hoa, khong
phai la mot phc co cau noi la
anion, v du: H2SO4 la [H2SO4] hay
[SO2(OH)2], khong phai la H2[SO4]
nen:
khong the viet : dihydro
tetraoxidosulfat(VI)
ma phai viet:
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur(VI)
5) Danh phap phc chat cua thuy
ngan trong anion phc khong dung

Danh phap cua cac

chat vo c
Phan 1:
Danh phap truyen thong
A- TEN CUA HP CHAT BAC
2
(Am+nBn-m)

TEN CUA HP CHAT BAC 2 (Am+nBn-m)

Phan Am+n: goi theo ten a phng,

kem theo so oxy hoa viet bang ky
hieu La Ma hay thap phan e trong
ngoac n (neu A co hn 1 so oxy
hoa thong dung).
Co the them cac tiep au ng
ch so m: di-, tri-, tetra- , penta-
Phan B-m: goi theo ten goc Latin cong
ide(ua,yt).
Co the them cac tiep au ng ch
he so ty lng n: di-, tri-, tetra- ,
penta-
Co nhieu cach viet ten hp chat

TEN CUA HP CHAT BAC 2 (Am+nBnm

)
V du:
V2O3

a) vanadi(III) oxide/(-yt)
b) divanadi trioxide/ (-yt)

AlF3
a) nhom fluoride (aluminium
fluoride)
b) nhom trifluoride (aluminium
trifluoride)
Pb3O4 (2PbO.PbO2)
a) ch tetroxide (Lead tetroxide)
b) di ch(II) ch(IV) oxide
(dilead(II)lead(IV) oxide)
c) tri ch tetroxide (trilead tetroxide)

TEN CUA HP CHAT BAC 2

(Am+nBn-m)
Trng hp hp chat oxide co
lien ket O O

Them tien to per (super)

V du: H2O2 hydro peroxide
BaO2 bari peroxide
KO3 kali superoxide

TEN CUA HP CHAT BAC 2

(Am+nBn-m)
Trng hp hp chat bac 2
cha day lu huynh (S S )
Dung cac tien to di, tri poly
+ sulfan
V du:
H2S2 hydro disulfan
H2S9 - polysulfan
Na2S2 natri disulfan

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
1) Trng hp chat tao acid co hai
mc oxy hoa dng thong dung:
a) Mc oxy hoa tren:
Acid goc Latin cong ic
Muoi goc Latin cong at
V du
H2SO4 : acid sulfuric ;
Na2SO4 : natri sulfat

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
1) Trng hp chat tao acid co hai
mc oxy hoa dng thong dung:
b) Mc oxy hoa di:
Acid goc Latin cong /ous,
Muoi goc Latin cong it
V du:
H2SO3 : acid sulfur/sulfurous;
Na2SO3 : natri sulfit

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
2) Trng hp chat tao acid co
nhieu mc oxy hoa dng thong
dung.
a) Mc oxy hoa ln nhat
Acid : Per cong goc Latin
cong ic
Muoi: Per cong goc Latin
cong at
V du:

HClO4: acid percloric;

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
2)
Trng
cha
oxyhp chat tao acid co
nhieu mc oxy hoa dng thong
dung.
b) Mc oxy hoa ln ke can:
Acid : goc Latin cong ic
Muoi : goc Latin cong at
V du:

HClO3: acid cloric

NaClO3: natri clorat

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
2) Trng hp chat tao acid co
nhieu mc oxy hoa dng thong
dung.
c) Mc oxy hoa thap hn:
Acid : goc Latin cong /ous
Muoi: goc Latin cong it
V du:

HClO2: acid clor/clorous

NaClO2: natri clorit

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
2) Trng hp chat tao acid co
nhieu mc oxy hoa dng thong
dung.
d) Mc oxy hoa thap nhat:
Acid: hypo cong goc Latin
cong /ous
Muoi: hypo cong goc Latin
cong it
V du:

HClO:

acid

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
3) Trng hp nguyen to mot
mc oxy hoa tao ra nhieu acid co
so phan t nc khac nhau
Acid co so lng phan t nc t
nhat them tien to meta, acid co
so lng phan t nc nhieu
nhat them tien to ortho.
V du:
HPO3 : acid metaphosphoric

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
4) Trng hp trong mot phan t
co cha 2 anion acid cha oxy
Acid trong phan t co hai nguyen
t cua nguyen to tao acid th
them tien to di
V du:

H2S2O7 : acid disulfuric

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
5) trng hp co tao lien ket
O O trong phan t acid
Them tin t peroxo
V du:
H2S2O8: acid peroxodisulfuric
H2SO5: acid peroxosulfuric

Cau tao cac acid

peroxo
Acid peroxodisulfuric
peroxosulfuric

Acid

TAP
I. Ten anion la goc cua acid
cha oxy
6) Trng hp thay nguyen t oxy
bang nguyen t lu huynh tao
lien ket S - S
Dung tin t thio
V du:
H2S2O3: acid thiosulfuric
H2S2O2: acid thiosulfur
H2S2O4: acid dithion/ditionous
H2S2O6: acid dithionic
H2S3O : acid
dithiosulfur/dithiosulfurous

Cau tao mot so

acid thio
Acid thiosulfuric

Acid thiosulfurous

Cau tao mot so acid

thio
Acid dithionic
dithionous

Acid

Cau tao mot so

acid thio
Acid polythionic
disulfurous

H2SxO6

Acid

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
II. Ten cac muoi acid va cac
muoi base
oi vi muoi acid
Them tien to hydro + anion
muoi
V du:
NaH2PO4- : Natri dihydrophosphat
NaHCO3- : Natri hydrocarbonat

TAP
II. Ten cac muoi acid va cac
muoi base
oi vi muoi base
Them tien to hydroxy + anion
muoi
V du:
LaOHCl2 : Lanthan hydroxycloride
Al(OH)2Cl : Nhom
dihydroxycloride

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
III. Ten cac cation phc tap
thng them hu t yl, ni hay i vao
cac danh phap Latin cua nguyen
to hay danh phap cua hp chat
tao ion phc tap
H3O+ : ion oxoni
NF4+ : ion tetraflorammoni
NH4+: ion ammoni

NO+: ion nitrozyl

VO2+: ion vanadyl
UO22+: ion uranyl
O2+: ion dioxigenyl

B. TEN CAC HP CHAT PHC

TAP
IV. Ten cac hp chat cong hoa tr
giong muoi cha oxy
Co hai cach viet ten
a) Ten goi theo cation phc:
V du: POCl3 Phosphoryl cloride
NO2Cl Nitroyl cloride
b) Ten goi theo cac anion n gian v
trong loai hp chat nay cac nguyen
to co o am ien cao hn lien ket
trc tiep vi nguyen to t am ien
nhat.(oxy gi nguyen khong oi)
V du: POCl3 : Phosphor(V) oxy cloride
SCl F : Lu huynh(IV) dicloride

Danh phap truyen thong at

ten rieng cho nhieu hp chat
n gian
HF : hydro floride
HF (trong nc) : acid hydroflohydric
B2H6: diboran
PH3: phosphin
SiH4: monosilan
H2O: nc
H2Sn: polisulfan
NH3: ammoniac

Danh phap cua cac

chat vo c
Phan 2:
Danh phap phc
chat

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

nh ngha phc chat

Phc chat la hp chat
nut mang tinh the co
cha cac ion phc tap tch
ien tch dng hay am hay
phan t trung hoa (phan
t phc) co kha nang
ton tai oc lap trong dung
dch

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

Cau tao phc chat
Phc chat co : cau noi va cau
ngoai
Cau noi co: chat tao phc va
phoi t
Co phc chat khong co cau
ngoai
V du: Na3[Fe(CN)6] co :
Cau noi : [Fe(CN)6]3Cau ngoai : Na+
[Fe(CN)6]3- gom co:

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

Cau tao phc chat
V du 2: [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 co
Cau noi : [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Cau ngoai : OH[Cu(NH3)4]2+ gom co:
Chat tao phc: Cu2+
Phoi t: NH3
V du 3: Fe(CO)5 khong co cau
ngoai
Fe(CO)5 gom co:
Chat tao phc: Fe
Phoi t: CO

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

TEN CUA CATION
Ten Cation n gian
Goi theo ten a phng vi so oxy
hoa trong ngoac n (neu can)
Giong cach goi ten truyen thong
Ten Cation phc
Goi ten phoi t goi theo quy c
danh phap phoi t.
Goi ten ion tao phc theo ten a
phng kem theo so oxy hoa at
trong ngoac n (neu can)
V du:
[Cu(NH ) ]2+: tetraammin ong(II)

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

TEN ANION
Ten Anion n gian
Cach goi ten nh danh phap truyen
thong cho nguyen to so oxy hoa am
cua hp chat bac hai.
Ten Anion phc
Goi ten phoi t goi theo quy c
danh phap phoi t.
Goi ten ion tao phc theo goc Latin
cua nguyen to + at va kem theo so
oxy hoa at trong ngoac n (neu
can)

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

Mot so v du ve ten phc chat
V du 1:
Fe(CO)5 : Pentacarbonyl sat(0)
V du 2:
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 :
Tetraammin ong(II) hydroxide
V du 3:
Na3[Fe(CN)6] : Natri
hexacyanidoferat(III)

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

CACH THIET LAP TEN PHOI T
Ten Phoi t la anion
Anion co hu to ide : bo e cong o
V du: Cl- : cloride

clorid
clorido
O2- : oxide

oxid

oxido
Anion co hau to at hay it: cong o
V du:
S2O32- : tiosulfat

tiosulfato
NO2-:
nitrit

nitrito

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

CACH THIET LAP TEN PHOI T
Ten Phoi t la phan t trung hoa
a) Quy tac chung la gi nguyen ten
goi:
V du : C5H5N : pyridin

pyridin
[Co(en)3]Cl3: Tris(ethylendiamin)cobalt(III)
cloride
Tris(ethylendiamin)cobalt(III) cloride
[Ni(PF3)4]:
Tetrakis(phosphor(III)fluoride)nickel(0)
Tetrakis(phosphor(III)fluoride)nickel(0)
b) Mt s hp cht vo c co ten goi
rieng (ac biet)

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

Tien to ch so lng phoi t
Dung tien to di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-,
hexa-,... e ch so lng phoi t, 3,
4, 5, 6,...
Khi phi t co ten dai hoac
trong ten phoi t a co t ch so
lng th ten phoi t viet trong
ngoac va trc dau ngoac co cac
tien to bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, ...
V du:
K2[Ni(CN)4] Kali tetracyanidonickelat(II)
[Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2]SO4 Bis(ethylendiamin) ong(II)

DANH PHAP PHC CHAT

Cach viet ten phc
a) Phan cation (phan dng) viet
trc, phan anion (phan am) viet
sau.
b) Th t viet ten phc t phai qua
trai, viet ten phoi t trc, viet
ten nguyen to tao phc sau.
c) Ten cau noi phc phai viet lien
(khong viet lien neu nguyen to ten
Viet)
V du:
Fe(CO)5 Pentacarbonyl sat(0)
[Pt(NH ) Cl]Cl Cloridotriamminplatin(IV)

Danh phap cua cac

chat vo c
Phan 3:
Danh phap he thong
cua IUPAC
(International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry)

DANH PHAP HE THONG cua IUPAC

Ba nguyen tac at ten
1)Ten hp chat bac 2:
Cation(so oxy hoa neu can)
anion-ide
2) Ten hp chat phc tap theo danh
phap he thong lay danh phap phc
chat lam c s co tnh en ten goi
bieu hien ca cau tao phan t cua
hp chat.
3) Trong trng hp chat a co ten
rieng thong dung theo danh phap

DANH PHAP HE THONG cua IUPAC

V du hp chat bac 2
V2O3
Vanadi(III) oxide vanadium(III) oxide (3.820)
Vanadi(3+) oxide vanadium(3+) oxide (5)
Divanadi trioxide divanadium trioxide (283)
SCl4
lu huynh (IV) cloride sulfur(IV) chloride
(7)
lu huynh tetrachloride sulfur tetrachloride
(675)
AlF3
nhom fluoride aluminium fluoride (33.200)
nhom trifluoride aluminium trifluoride

DANH PHAP HE THONG cua IUPAC

V du hp chat bac 2
Fe2O3
sat(III) oxide ferro oxide (705)
iron(III) oxide (53.500)
iron(3+) oxide (475)
ferrum(III) oxide (563)
di sat trioxide diiron trioxide (2.160)
SO3
lu huynh(VI) oxide sulfur(VI) oxide (239)
lu huynh trioxide sulfur trioxide (86.900)
Pb3O4 (2PbO.PbO2)
ch tetroxide - lead tetroxide (187.000)
di ch(II) ch(IV) oxide - dilead(II)lead(IV)
oxide (304)

DANH PHAP HE THONG cua IUPAC

V du hp chat phc tp acid co oxy
va muoi

H2SO4 [SO2(OH)2]
Acid sulfuric sulfuric acid (1.730.000)
Dihydroxidodioxidosulfur (9)
H3PO4 [SO(OH)3]
Acid phosphoric phosphoric acid
(1.540.000)
Trihydroxidooxidosulfur (4)
Na2SO4 Na2[SO4]
Natri sulfat sodium sulfate (584.000)
Natri tetraoxidosulfat(VI)

DANH PHAP HE THONG cua IUPAC

V du hp chat phc tp acid co oxy
va muoi
H2S2O3
Acid thiosulfuric thiosulfuric acid (7.400)
(danh phap truyen thong)
H2S2O3 = [SO(OH)2S]
Acid sulfurothionic-O sulfurothioic O-acid
(370) (danh phap na he thong)
Dihydroxidooxidosulfido lu huynh
dihydroxidooxidosulfidosulfur (136) (IUPAC)
H2S2O3 = [SO2(OH)(SH)]:
Acid sulfurothioic-S sulfurothioic S-acid
(243) (danh phap na he thong)
Hydroxidooxidosulfanido lu huynh
hydroxidooxidosulfanidosulfur (8) (IUPAC)

Danh phap cua muoi hydrat va cac

hp chat tng t
*S dung tien to ch so lng (di- , tri- ,
tetra- ) cho nc va cac hp chat tng
t
**Tnh theo ty le muoi/nc (cac hp
chat tng t)

Na2SO4.10H2O

* Natri sulfat decahydrat

**Natri sulfat nc

(1/10)
CaCl2.8NH3

*Calci cloride octaammoniac

**Calci cloride
ammoniac (1/8)
Na2CO3.3H2O2 *Natri carbonat trihydro
peroxide

TEN MUOI KEP

Muoi kep c coi la la
hon hp cac muoi co chung
anion. Ten cua loai muoi
nay c viet ten cac cation
noi nhau bang gach ngang va
tiep theo la ten anion.
V du:
KNaCO3 : Kali-natri carbonat

TEN HP CHAT GIA CAC KIM

LOAI
Ten hp hp chat gia cac kim
loai gom ten cac kim loai tao thanh
hp chat noi vi nhau bang gach
ngang va ty le so nguyen t cua
cac kim loai ay at trong ngoac n
V du:
NiBi2 :
Niken-bismut (1:2)
Mg2Cu2Al5 : Magnesi-ong-nhom (2:2:5)
(th t kim loai theo th t tang dan o
am ien)