Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Essential Drug List Who 2011
Essential Drug List Who 2011
of
EssentialMedicines
17thlist
(March2011)
Statusofthisdocument
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.The
responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth
Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.
17thedition
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList(March2011)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.
Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
1.1.1 Inhalational medicines
halothane
Inhalation.
isoflurane
Inhalation.
nitrousoxide
Inhalation.
oxygen
Inhalation(medicinalgas).
Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
Injection:10mg/ml;20mg/ml.
propofol*
*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocal
availabilityandcost.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
lidocaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine
1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
Injection:1mg/ml.
midazolam
Oralliquid:2mg/ml[c].
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.
morphine
Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
page - 1
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
a
>3 months.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
ComplementaryList[c]
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
medicineatitsnextmeeting.
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)
in1mlampoule.
morphine
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
Tablet:100mg.
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
medicineatitsnextmeeting.
page - 2
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
hydroxychloroquine[c]
Solidoraldosageform:200mg(assulfate).
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml(hydrogenmaleate) [c].
Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).
a
>1 year.
dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphate
salt).
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone
Oralliquid:5mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
Powder.
4.2 Specific
Injection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate
Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)
Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.
naloxone
Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
penicillamine*
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
medicineatitsnextmeeting.
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)
Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumnitrite
Injection:30mg/mlin10mlampoule.
page - 3
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
sodiumthiosulfate
17thedition
Injection:250mg/mlin50mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
deferoxamine
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol
Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
sodiumcalciumedetate
Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.
succimer
Solidoraldosageform:100mg.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
Oralliquid:100mg/5ml.
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
Gelorrectalsolution:5mg/mlin0.5ml;2ml;4mltubes.
lorazepam
Parenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin
1mlampoule.
Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10mlampoule.
magnesiumsulfate*
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother
convulsantdisorders.
Injection:200mg/ml(sodium).
phenobarbital
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml.
Tablet:15mgto100mg.
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
phenytoin
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
ethosuximide
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
page - 4
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
Tablet(chewable):400mg.
Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
levamisole*
*TheExpertCommitteerecommendedthatthismedicinebe
reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.Shouldbeusedin
combinationwithotheranthelminthics.
mebendazole
Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
Tablet(chewable):500mg.
niclosamide*
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
TheExpertCommitteerecommendedthatthismedicinebe
reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.
praziquantel
Tablet:150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid:50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ml.
pyrantel
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateorpamoate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
albendazole
Tablet(chewable):400mg.
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
ivermectin
Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.
Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet:250mg.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
oxamniquine*
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
amoxicillin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(astrihydrate)/5ml;250mg(as
trihydrate)/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(astrihydrate).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml
AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].
Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(aspotassiumsalt).
ampicillin
EML 17 (March 2011)
Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
page - 5
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)
in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml
vial.
benzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefalexin[c]
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;250mg/5ml
(anhydrous).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a
>1 month.
Capsule:400mg(astrihydrate).
cefixime*
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
ceftriaxone*a
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith
hyperbilirubinemia.
a
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
Powderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
procainebenzylpenicillin*
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline
treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh
neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin
caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).
cefotaxime*[c]
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime
Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.
page - 6
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed
foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia
trachomatisandoftrachoma.
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule.
chloramphenicol
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].
ciprofloxacin*
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml(ashyclate)[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.
Solidoraldosageform:500mg.
clarithromycin*
*ForuseincombinationregimensforeradicationofH.Pyloriin
adults.
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].
doxycyclinea
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(ashyclate).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no
alternative exists.
Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
erythromycin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorestolateor
ethylsuccinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorestolateorethyl
succinate).
gentamicin
Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
page - 7
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+160mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c].
trimethoprima
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a
>6 months.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).
clindamycin
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(aspalmitate)[c].
vancomycin
Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
Oralliquid:25mg/ml[c].
Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
Tablet:400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
+rifampicin
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin
EML 17 (March 2011)
Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
page - 8
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c].
isoniazid
Tablet:100mgto300mg.
Tablet(scored):50mg.
Tablet:
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin 75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
Tablet:
isoniazid+rifampicin
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
Oralliquid:30mg/ml[c].
Tablet:400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Tablet(scored):150mg.
Capsule:150mg.*
rifabutin
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.
rifampicin
Oralliquid:20mg/ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
streptomycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe
usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin
Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)invial.
capreomycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
cycloserine
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
ethionamide
Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
ofloxacin*
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
Granules:4ginsachet.
paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
6.3 Antifungal medicines
Vaginalcream:1%;10%.
clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
EML 17 (March 2011)
page - 9
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Capsule:50mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].
griseofulvin
Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.
Lozenge:100000IU.
nystatin
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB
Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.
Capsule:250mg.
flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide
Saturatedsolution.
Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals
are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild
transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these
products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorses
the use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,
providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
page - 10
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
didanosine(ddI)
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150mg;200mg.
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
emtricitabine(FTC)*a
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
a
>3 months.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Tablet:300mg.
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.
Oralliquid:150mg/5ml.
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Tablet:600mg.
a
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended
foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother
proteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).
Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(assulfate).
atazanavira
indinavir(IDV)
>25 kg.
Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).
page - 11
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.
Oralliquid:400mg/5ml.
ritonavir
Solidoraldosageform:100mg.
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg(asmesilate).
saquinavir(SQV)a
>25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalent
to245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
Tablet:200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
emtricitabine*+tenofovir
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
Tablet:150mg+200mg+30mg.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine
Tablet(dispersible):
30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].
lamivudine+nevirapine+
zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.
lamivudine+zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
oseltamivir*
*OseltamivirshouldbeusedonlyincompliancewiththeWHO
treatmentguidelines,i.e.(1)fortreatmentofpatientswithsevere
orprogressiveclinicalillnesswithconfirmedorsuspected
influenzapandemic(H1N1)2009,(2)forthetreatmentofpatients
withconfirmedorsuspectedbutuncomplicatedillnessdueto
pandemicinfluenzavirusinfectionwhowereinhigherrisk
groups,mostnotablyforpregnantwomenandchildrenunder
2yearsofage.
page - 12
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml
phosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.
Tablet:500mg(furoate).
a
>25 kg.
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.
miltefosine
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;50mg.
paromomycin
Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
base(asthesulfate).
Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimony(pentavalent)in5mlampoule.
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine
antimoniate
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination.Thelistcurrently
recommends combinations according to treatment guidelines. The Committee recognizes that not all of
theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting.TheCommitteealsoencourages
developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Oilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
page - 13
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artesunate*
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral
treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoan
appropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
Tablet:25mg+67.5mg;50mg+135mg;100mg+270mg.
artesunate+amodiaquine*
*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdosesrequiredsuchas
153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbe
alternatives.
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycycline*
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
quinine*
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe
usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
Tablet:500mg+25mg.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
Solidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycyclinea
>8 years.
page - 14
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
mefloquinea
Tablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine
Tablet:25mg.
sulfadiazine
Tablet:500mg.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine
Tablet:200mg;300mg(asisethionate).
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
suraminsodium*
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
eflornithine*
melarsoprol
nifurtimox*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Injection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
Tablet:120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,forthe
treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.
ComplementaryList[c]
melarsoprol
Injection:3.6%solutionin5mlampoule(180mgofactivecompound).
Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox
Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.
page - 15
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:300mgto500mg.
ibuprofen[c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:300mgto500mg.
Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
Tablet:100mg;300mg.
asparaginase
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
Injection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.
calciumfolinate
Tablet:15mg.
carboplatin
Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.
chlorambucil
Tablet:2mg.
Powderforinjection:500mginvial.
cyclophosphamide
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine
Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dacarbazine
Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dactinomycin
Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin
Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
docetaxel
Injection:20mg/ml;40mg/ml.
doxorubicin
Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
page - 16
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Capsule:100mg.
etoposide
Injection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.
fluorouracil
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;
1g.
ifosfamide
Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.
mercaptopurine
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.
mesna
Tablet:400mg;600mg.
Powderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
paclitaxel
Powderforinjection:6mg/ml.
procarbazine
Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
thioguanine[c]
Solidoraldosageform:40mg.
vinblastine
Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine
Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
methylprednisolone[c]
Injection:40mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledosevialand
5mlmultidosevials;80mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledose
vial.
prednisolone
Oralliquid:5mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
tamoxifen
Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
Tablet:10mg;25mg.
Injection:50mg/ml.
Tablet:50mg.
page - 17
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
dexamethasone[c]
17thedition
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).
Tablet:2mg.
Injection:5mg/ml.
diazepam[c]
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.
Tablet:5mg;10mg.
docusatesodium[c]
fluoxetinea[c]
hyoscinehydrobromide[c]
Capsule:100mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
Injection:400micrograms/ml;600micrograms/ml.
Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
ibuprofena [c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.
a
lactulose[c]
Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5ml.
midazolam[c]
Injection:1mg/ml;5mg/ml.
Granules(modifiedrelease)(tomixwithwater):20mg;30mg;
60mg;100mg;200mg.
Injection:10mg/ml.
morphine[c]
Oralliquid:10mg/5ml.
Tablet(controlledrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg.
Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
ondansetron[c]a
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.
a
senna[c]
>1 month.
Oralliquid:7.5mg/5ml.
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
Injection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
biperiden
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa
Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.
page - 18
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid
Tablet:1mg;5mg.
hydroxocobalamin
Injection:1mg(asacetate,hydrochlorideorassulfate)in1ml
ampoule.
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
Injection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
phytomenadione
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate
Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
tranexamicacid
Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
warfarin
Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
ComplementaryList[c]
heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
protaminesulfate
Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
warfarin
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,dependingoncostand
availability.
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.
Injectablesolution:6%.
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.
Dried.
page - 19
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrate
17thedition
Dried.
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**
humannormalimmunoglobulin
Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*
*Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
glyceryltrinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):5mg.
verapamil
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in
10mlampoule.
lidocaine
Injection:20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.
Injection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
verapamil
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
Injection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).
amiodarone
Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine
bisoprolol*
enalapril
Tablet:5mg(asmaleate,mesylateorbesylate).
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
page - 20
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).
hydralazine*
hydrochlorothiazide
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof
essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
Tablet:250mg.
methyldopa*
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy
inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof
moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside
Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
furosemide
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:25mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamine
Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
Tablet:100mg.
ComplementaryList
streptokinase
Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
page - 21
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).
seleniumsulfide
Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
sodiumthiosulfate
Solution:15%.
terbinafine
Cream:1%orOintment:1%terbinafinehydrochloride.
Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea
>2 months.
Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a
calamine
Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
Creamorlotion:5%.
coaltar
Solution:5%.
Ointment:0.1%to2%.
dithranol*
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
medicineatitsnextmeeting.
fluorouracil
Ointment:5%.
podophyllumresin
Solution:10%to25%.
salicylicacid
Solution:5%.
urea
Creamorointment:5%;10%.
page - 22
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Lotion:25%.
a
>2 years.
Cream:5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein
Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide
Eyedrops:0.5%.
Injection:140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine
salt)/mlin20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate
Aqueoussuspension.
iohexol
Injection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml
ampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]
Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate
Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.
Solution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted
priortouseforcordcare)[c].
ethanol
Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine
Solution:10%(equivalentto1%availableiodine).
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound
Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol
Solution:4.8%.
glutaral
Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride
Tablet:5mg(hydrochloride).
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
furosemide
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
Solidoraldosageform:25mg.
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
page - 23
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
spironolactone
17thedition
Tablet:25mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
hydrochlorothiazide
Tablet(scored):25mg.
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.
Tablet:25mg.
Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand
amylase.
Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.
Injection:25mg/ml(ashydrochloride)in2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(ashydrochloride).
ranitidine*
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe
comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis
classofmedicineatitsnextmeeting.
Oralliquid:0.5mg/5ml;2mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.
Injection:5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
metoclopramidea
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:10mg(hydrochloride).
a
Not in neonates.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
ondansetrona
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mg
base.
a
>1 month.
Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.
page - 24
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).
17.4 Laxatives
senna
Tablet:7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).
oralrehydrationsalts
glucose:
sodium:
chloride:
potassium:
citrate:
osmolarity:
glucose:
sodiumchloride:
potassiumchloride:
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+:
75mEq
75mEqormmol/L
65mEqormmol/L
20mEqormmol/L
10mmol/L
245mOsm/L
13.5g/L
2.6g/L
1.5g/L
2.9g/L
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium
hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,asthe
stabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropical
conditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
Powderfordilutionin200ml;500ml;1L.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children
Solidoraldosageform:20mg.
zincsulfate*
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunctto
oralrehydrationsalts.
Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).
hydrocortisone
Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone
Injection:200mg(enanthate)in1mlampoule.
page - 25
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel
Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone
Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel
Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
Injection:5mg+25mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.
norethisteroneenantate
Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining
75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
glibenclamide
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
glucagon
Injection:1mg/ml.
insulininjection(soluble)
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulin
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin
Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList[c]
metformin
Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Tablet:5mg.
page - 26
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms
(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
Lugolssolution
Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,
1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
Injection.
(PPD)
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,
Annex2).
antiDimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection:250microgramsinsingledosevial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.
Injection.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin
Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
rabiesimmunoglobulin
Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationof
international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The list below details the vaccines
forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization
(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position
paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be
updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and
recommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
page - 27
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
Injection:10mg/ml(besylate).
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
Injection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
page - 28
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin
Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
tetracycline
Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
a
Tablet:250mg.
pilocarpine
Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol
Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogenmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a
*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)orcyclopentolate
(hydrochloride).
a
>3 months.
ComplementaryList
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
misoprostol
Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:200micrograms.*
*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage,andfor
preventionofpostpartumhaemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnot
availableorcannotbesafelyused.
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*
*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhereappropriatefacilities
areavailable.
oxytocin
Injection:10IUin1ml.
page - 29
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
ComplementaryList
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedundernational
lawandwhereculturally
acceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
Parenteralsolution.
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
fluphenazine
haloperidol
Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.
Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
chlorpromazine
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.
haloperidol
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
fluoxetine
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
ComplementaryList[c]
fluoxetinea
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
page - 30
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
lithiumcarbonate
Solidoraldosageform:300mg.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
Tablet(scored):2mg;5mg.
Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
Chewinggum:2mg;4mg(aspolacrilex).
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.
ComplementaryList
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).
methadone*
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml(hydrochloride).
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
Inhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;
100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]
Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms
perdose.
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide
Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
salbutamol
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride
Powderforsolution.
page - 31
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
26.2 Parenteral
glucose
Injectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalent
to150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%
sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L
Cl)[c].
Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
potassiumchloride
sodiumchloride
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland
Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland
Cl2mmol/ml)[c].
Injectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,
Cl154mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,
HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,
HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution
Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection
2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
Tablet:50mg.
Oralliquid:400IU/ml.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferol
Oralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).
Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule:200mg.
iodine
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
nicotinamide
Tablet:50mg.
pyridoxine
Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
page - 32
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
retinol
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
riboflavin
Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride
Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine
Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate
Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide
Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin
Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).
Nasalspray:0.05%.
xylometazolinea
Injection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen
Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.
Solutionforinjection:
prostaglandinE
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.
surfactant
Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.
page - 33
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
>25kg
>3months
>2years
Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>1year
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10kg
>3months
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months
page - 34
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Term
Solidoraldosageform
Tablets
Tablets(qualified)
Definition
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.
page - 35
EML 17 (March 2011)
*
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Term
Capsules
Capsules(qualified)
Granules
Oralpowder
Oralliquid
17thedition
Definition
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion
Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
page - 36
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
page - 37
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
Index
abacavir(ABC) ........................................................ 10
acetazolamide.......................................................... 29
aceticacid................................................................. 33
acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3
acetylsalicylicacid ........................................ 2,16,21
aciclovir .............................................................. 10,29
albendazole................................................................ 5
allopurinol ........................................................... 2,16
amidotrizoate .......................................................... 23
amikacin....................................................................... 9
amiloride .................................................................. 23
amiodarone ................................................................ 20
amitriptyline ...................................................... 17,30
amlodipine............................................................... 20
amodiaquine............................................................ 13
amoxicillin ................................................................. 5
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5
amphotericinB .................................................. 10,13
ampicillin ................................................................... 5
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 27
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 27
antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 27
artemether................................................................ 13
artemether+lumefantrine ..................................... 13
artesunate................................................................. 14
artesunate+amodiaquine...................................... 14
ascorbicacid ............................................................ 32
asparaginase............................................................... 16
atazanavir................................................................. 11
atracurium ............................................................... 28
atropine ............................................................ 1,3,29
azathioprine ........................................................... 3,16
azithromycin.............................................................. 7
bariumsulfate ......................................................... 23
BCGvaccine............................................................. 27
beclometasone ......................................................... 31
benzathinebenzylpenicillin .................................... 6
benznidazole............................................................ 15
benzoylperoxide..................................................... 22
benzylbenzoate....................................................... 23
benzylpenicillin......................................................... 6
betamethasone......................................................... 22
biperiden .................................................................. 18
bisoprolol ........................................................... 20,21
bleomycin................................................................... 16
budesonide ........................................................ 31,33
bupivacaine................................................................ 1
caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 33
calamine ................................................................... 22
calciumfolinate.......................................................... 16
EML 17 (March 2011)
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
diloxanide ................................................................ 13
dimercaprol .................................................................. 4
diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 27
diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 27
dithranol................................................................... 22
docetaxel .................................................................... 16
docusatesodium ..................................................... 18
dopamine.................................................................... 21
doxorubicin................................................................ 16
doxycycline.......................................................... 7,14
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 12
eflornithine .............................................................. 15
emtricitabine(FTC)................................................. 11
emtricitabine+tenofovir........................................ 12
enalapril ............................................................. 20,21
ephedrine...................................................................... 1
epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 3,20,29,31
ergocalciferol ........................................................... 32
ergometrine.............................................................. 29
erythromycin ............................................................. 7
estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone
acetate................................................................... 26
ethambutol................................................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid............................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin............................................................... 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8
ethanol...................................................................... 23
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 26
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone.......................... 26
ethionamide.................................................................. 9
ethosuximide................................................................ 4
etoposide .................................................................... 17
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,II,
VII,IX,X)concentrate .......................................... 20
factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 19
ferroussalt ............................................................... 19
ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 19
fluconazole............................................................... 10
flucytosine.................................................................. 10
fludrocortisone ........................................................ 25
fluorescein................................................................ 23
fluorouracil ........................................................ 17,22
fluoxetine ........................................................... 18,30
fluphenazine............................................................ 30
folicacid ................................................................... 19
furosemide ......................................................... 21,23
gentamicin ........................................................... 7,29
glibenclamide .......................................................... 26
glucagon................................................................... 26
glucose...................................................................... 32
EML 17 (March 2011)
17thedition
glucosewithsodiumchloride ............................... 32
glutaral...................................................................... 23
glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 20
griseofulvin .............................................................. 10
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine .................. 28
haloperidol............................................................... 30
halothane.................................................................... 1
heparinsodium ....................................................... 19
hepatitisAvaccine.................................................. 28
hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 28
humannormalimmunoglobulin................................ 20
hydralazine .............................................................. 21
hydrochlorothiazide ................................... 21,23,24
hydrocortisone......................................... 3,17,22,25
hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 19
hydroxycarbamide................................................ 17,19
hydroxychloroquine ..................................................... 3
hyoscinehydrobromide ......................................... 18
ibuprofen.................................................. 2,16,18,33
ifosfamide ................................................................... 17
imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 7
indinavir(IDV) ........................................................ 11
influenzavaccine..................................................... 28
insulininjection(soluble)....................................... 26
intermediateactinginsulin.................................... 26
intraperitonealdialysissolution(ofappropriate
composition)........................................................... 30
iodine ........................................................................ 32
iohexol ...................................................................... 23
ipratropiumbromide.............................................. 31
isoflurane.................................................................... 1
isoniazid ..................................................................... 9
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin .................. 9
isoniazid+rifampicin ............................................... 9
isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 20
ivermectin .................................................................. 5
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................ 28
kanamycin.................................................................... 9
ketamine ..................................................................... 1
lactulose.................................................................... 18
lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 11
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine................... 12
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine ................ 12
lamivudine+zidovudine....................................... 12
levamisole .................................................................. 5
levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 18
levonorgestrel .......................................................... 26
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant .......................... 26
levothyroxine........................................................... 27
lidocaine ............................................................... 1,20
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)...................... 1
lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 31
page - 39
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r) ................................. 12
lorazepam .................................................................. 4
Lugolssolution......................................................... 27
magnesiumsulfate.................................................... 4
mannitol ............................................................. 23,24
measlesvaccine ....................................................... 28
mebendazole.............................................................. 5
medroxyprogesteroneacetate ............................... 26
mefloquine ......................................................... 14,15
meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 23
melarsoprol.............................................................. 15
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine ....................... 28
mercaptopurine.......................................................... 17
mesna......................................................................... 17
metformin ................................................................ 26
methadone.................................................................. 31
methotrexate .......................................................... 3,17
methyldopa.............................................................. 21
methylprednisolone.................................................... 17
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3
metoclopramide ...................................................... 24
metronidazole ..................................................... 8,13
miconazole............................................................... 22
midazolam ........................................................... 1,18
mifepristone ............................................................... 30
miltefosine ............................................................... 13
misoprostol ........................................................ 29,30
morphine.......................................................... 1,2,18
mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 28
mupirocin................................................................. 22
naloxone ..................................................................... 3
neostigmine ............................................................. 28
nevirapine(NVP).................................................... 11
niclosamide................................................................ 5
nicotinamide............................................................ 32
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 31
nifedipine ................................................................. 30
nifurtimox ................................................................ 15
nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 8
nitrousoxide.............................................................. 1
norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 26
nystatin..................................................................... 10
ofloxacin....................................................................... 9
omeprazole .............................................................. 24
ondansetron....................................................... 18,24
oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 25,31
oseltamivir ............................................................... 12
oxamniquine ................................................................ 5
oxygen ........................................................................ 1
oxytocin.................................................................... 29
paclitaxel.................................................................... 17
paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9
EML 17 (March 2011)
17thedition
pancreaticenzymes .................................................... 24
paracetamol.......................................................... 2,16
paromomycin........................................................... 13
penicillamine................................................................ 3
pentamidine ............................................................... 15
permethrin ............................................................... 23
pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 28
phenobarbital............................................................. 4
phenoxymethylpenicillin ......................................... 6
phenytoin ................................................................... 4
phytomenadione ..................................................... 19
pilocarpine ............................................................... 29
pneumococcalvaccine............................................ 28
podophyllumresin ................................................. 22
poliomyelitisvaccine .............................................. 28
polyvidoneiodine ................................................... 23
potassiumchloride............................................ 31,32
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)2H20
(Prussianblue)....................................................... 3
potassiumiodide............................................... 10,27
potassiumpermanganate....................................... 22
praziquantel............................................................... 5
prednisolone .................................................. 3,17,29
primaquine............................................................... 14
procainebenzylpenicillin......................................... 6
procarbazine............................................................... 17
proguanil.................................................................. 15
propofol ...................................................................... 1
propranolol .............................................................. 16
propylthiouracil ...................................................... 27
prostaglandinE.......................................................... 33
protaminesulfate .................................................... 19
pyrantel ...................................................................... 5
pyrazinamide............................................................. 9
pyridostigmine ........................................................... 28
pyridoxine ................................................................ 32
pyrimethamine ........................................................ 15
quinine...................................................................... 14
rabiesimmunoglobulin .......................................... 27
rabiesvaccine........................................................... 28
ranitidine .................................................................. 24
retinol........................................................................ 33
ribavirin.................................................................... 13
riboflavin .................................................................. 33
rifabutin...................................................................... 9
rifampicin ............................................................... 8,9
ritonavir.................................................................... 12
rotavirusvaccine ..................................................... 28
rubellavaccine......................................................... 28
salbutamol................................................................ 31
salicylicacid............................................................. 22
saquinavir(SQV)..................................................... 12
page - 40
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17thedition
terbinafine ................................................................ 22
testosterone ................................................................ 25
tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 28
tetracaine .................................................................. 29
tetracycline ............................................................... 29
thiamine.................................................................... 33
thioguanine ................................................................ 17
timolol....................................................................... 29
tranexamicacid ....................................................... 19
triclabendazole .......................................................... 5
trimethoprim ............................................................. 8
tropicamide .............................................................. 23
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)..... 27
typhoidvaccine ....................................................... 28
urea ........................................................................... 22
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)...................... 4,31
vancomycin .................................................................. 8
varicellavaccine ...................................................... 28
vecuronium.............................................................. 28
verapamil ................................................................. 20
vinblastine.................................................................. 17
vincristine .................................................................. 17
warfarin .................................................................... 19
waterforinjection ................................................... 32
xylometazoline ........................................................ 33
yellowfevervaccine ............................................... 28
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT) ..................................... 11
zincsulfate ............................................................... 25
seleniumsulfide ...................................................... 22
senna................................................................... 18,25
silversulfadiazine................................................... 22
simvastatin............................................................... 22
sodiumcalciumedetate................................................ 4
sodiumchloride ...................................................... 32
sodiumfluoride....................................................... 33
sodiumhydrogencarbonate ................................. 32
sodiumlactate ......................................................... 32
sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 3
sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 21
sodiumstibogluconateor
meglumineantimoniate ..................................... 13
sodiumthiosulfate .............................................. 4,22
spectinomycin ........................................................... 8
spironolactone ......................................................... 24
stavudine(d4T) ....................................................... 11
streptokinase .............................................................. 21
streptomycin.............................................................. 9
succimer....................................................................... 4
sulfadiazine.............................................................. 15
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 14
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 8,15
sulfasalazine........................................................... 3,24
suraminsodium ...................................................... 15
surfactant................................................................... 33
suxamethonium ...................................................... 28
tamoxifen ................................................................... 17
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate ............................... 11
page - 41