SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 14
1.

F = mg

F
A
L
Strain =
L
FL
L
F
Y=

AL
L
YA
= stress = mg/A
e = strain = /Y
Compression L = eL
F L
FL
y=
L
A L
AY
Lsteel = Lcu and Asteel = Acu
F
Stress of cu Fcu A g
a)
= cu 1

Stress of st A cu Fg
Fst
Stress =

2.

3.
4.

b) Strain =
5.

Lst FstL st A cu Ycu

( Lcu = Ist ; Acu = Ast)

lcu A st Yst FcuIcu

F
L

L st AYst
F
L

L cu AYcu
AYcu
Y
strain steel wire
F
( A cu A st ) cu

Strain om copper wire AYst

F
Yst

6.

Stress in lower rod =

T1
m g g
1
w = 14 kg
A1
A1

Stress in upper rod =

T2
m g m1g wg
w = .18 kg
2
Au
Au

For same stress, the max load that can be put is 14 kg. If the load is increased the lower wire will break
first.
T1 m1g g
8

= 8 10 w = 14 kg
A1
A1

T2
m g m1g g
8
2
= 8 10 0 = 2 kg
Au
Au

7.
8.
9.

The maximum load that can be put is 2 kg. Upper wire will break first if load is increased.
F L
Y
A L
F L
YA L
Y
F
L
A L
m2g T = m2a
(1)
and T F = m1a
(2)
m gF
a= 2
m1 m2
14.1

Chapter-14
From equation (1) and (2), we get

m2 g
2(m1 m2 )

Again, T = F + m1a
T

m2 g
m2 g
m2 g 2m1m2g
m1
2
2
2(m1 m2 )
2(m1 m2 )

Now Y =

FL
L
F

A L
L
AY

m1

T a

L (m22 2m1m2 )g m2 g(m2 2m1 )

L
2(m1 m2 )AY
2AY(m1 m2 )

m2
m2g

10. At equilibrium T = mg
When it moves to an angle , and released, the tension the T at lowest point is
T = mg +

mv 2
r

The change in tension is due to centrifugal force T =

mv 2
(1)
r

Again, by work energy principle,

1
mv 2 0 = mgr(1 cos)
2
2
v = 2gr (1 cos)

(2)
m[2gr(1 cos )]
2mg(1 cos )
So, T
r
F = T
YA L
YA L
F=
= 2mg 2mg cos 2mg cos = 2mg
L
L
YA L
= cos = 1

L(2mg)
11. From figure cos =

x x2
= 1 2
l
l

1/ 2

x 2 l2
=x/l
(1)
Increase in length L = (AC + CB) AB
2
2 1/2
Here, AC = (l + x )
2
2 1/2
So, L = 2(l + x ) 100
(2)
F l
(3)
Y=
A l
From equation (1), (2) and (3) and the freebody diagram,
2l cos = mg.
FL
L
F

12. Y =

AL
L
Ay

D / D
D L

D
L
L / L
A 2r
Again,

A
r
2r
A

r
=

14.2

A
T

Tx

L
C
mg

B
T

Chapter-14

Pv
v
P = B

v
v

13. B =

14. 0

m
m

V0 Vd

d V0

0 Vd

so,

vol.strain =

V0 Vd
V0

0 gh
V
gh
1 d = 0
(V0 Vd ) / V0
V0
B

B=

(1)

vD 0 gh
1

v0
B

(2)

Putting value of (2) in equation (1), we get

d
1
1
d
0

(1 0 gh / B)
0 1 0 gh / B

F
A
Lateral displacement = l.
F=Tl
2THg
4Tg
2Tg
a) P
b) P
c) P
r
r
r
a) F = P0A
b) Pressure = P0 + (2T/r)
F = PA = (P0 + (2T/r)A
c) P = 2T/r
2T
F = PA =
A
r
2T cos
2T cos
a) hA
b) hB
rA g
rB g

15.

16.
17.
18.

19.

20. hHg

c) hC

2THg cos Hg
rHgg

2T cos
where, the symbols have their usual meanings.
r g

Hg cos
h
T

hHg THg cos Hg

21. h

2T cos
rC g

2T cos
rg

2T
r
P = F/r
2
23. A = r
4 3 4 3
24.
R r 8
3
3
r = R/2 = 2
Increase in surface energy = TA TA
22. P =

14.3

Chapter-14
25. h =

2T cos
2T cos
, h =
rg
rg

hrg
2T
1
So, = cos (1/2) = 60.
2T cos
26. a) h =
rg
cos =

b) T 2r cos = r h g

hrg

2T
3
27. T(2l) = [1 (10 ) h]g
2
28. Surface area = 4r
29. The length of small element = r d
dF = T r d
considering symmetric elements,
dFy = 2T rd . sin [dFx = 0]

cos =

/2

so, F = 2Tr

sin d = 2Tr[cos ]

/2
0

=T2r

Tension 2T1 = T 2r T1 = Tr
30. a) Viscous force = 6rv

4
b) Hydrostatic force = B = r 3 g
3
4
c) 6 rv + r 3 g = mg
3

2 r 2 ( )g
2 2 (4 / 3)r 3

r
v=
9

9
n
31. To find the terminal velocity of rain drops, the forces acting on the drop are,
3
i) The weight (4/3) r g downward.
3
ii) Force of buoyancy (4/3) r g upward.
iii) Force of viscosity 6 r v upward.
Because, of air is very small, the force of buoyancy may be neglected.
Thus,

4
6 r v = r 2 g
3
32. v =

or

v=

2r 2 g

R
vD
R=
D

14.4