SPICE/PSpice

. , . , . , .

..
2013


,

.


.
,

.
,
.
, , ,
(dc) ( ),
ac, (, )
. ,

,
.

.
,

. , , Computer Aided Circuit
Analysis.
1960
. ,
IBM ECAP (Electric Circuit Analysis Program).
, ,
( , nodal notation), .
,
.
ECAP ,

.
, .
ECAP
. SPECTRE, TRAC, NET
CIRCUS. SPICE (Simulation Program
with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). PSpice (Personal
computer Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis).
.

SPICE
SPICE, , Simulation Program
with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (
). 1970


Berkeley California ...
SPICE Dr Lawrence Nagel.
Nagel
SPICE. SPICE ,
(bugs),
. o
SPICE,
.
(file)
( ) SPICE.
(, , ,
, ..)

.
, ,
.
SPICE
.
, ,
(
0).
.
Kirchhoff

() . SPICE
.

Newton Raphson.
SPICE.

. ,
, PSpice
SPICE MicroSim. PSpice, ,
Schematics Probe. Schematics
GUI (Graphical User Interface)

(menu) . .SCH .
, PSpice text files
.
.
Probe
,
.PROBE. text files ( .CIR)
4

 . PSpice
, , .

SPICE
SPICE :
) (source file)
.
)
.
)
.
( .CIR) ,
. PSpice
. ,
,

.
,
(schematic) , SPICE,
:
1) .
1. PSpice
. SPICE,
SPICE2G.6 Berkeley . PSpice
RLOAD rbaseq1 .
2) , 0.
0.
.
.
3) ( )
.
.
.

. SPICE ac,
dc, (transient), dc,
dc, , Fourier.
() .
,
ac,
( )
.
, .. .

 1
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Q
T
V

()

- (JFET)

(MOSFET)
(BJT)

SPICE .
.
.
,
SPICE .
(default)
.
.TF
(),

.

. .PRINT
. .PLOT
.

PSpice .
,

,
.
, PSpice graphics postprocessor
( ) PROBE. PROBE
,
SPICE. PROBE
.
PSpice
.PROBE .
PROBE
(command shell) .
, :
SPICE (text editor). To

PSpice . .CIR.
.
.END .
. (
) .
PSpice ,
.OUT .
.

.
SPICE .
(scientific notation) 5.23E04,
8.45E-6 , 10.
2.
,

()
.
(SI).
2 . ,
.
..
270V 270 ( V)
0.27KW 270 ( K 1*103 W )
0.27KOHM 270 ( K 1*103
).

F
P
U
M
MIL
K
MEG
G
T

1 10-15
1 10-12
1 10-6
1 10-3
25,4 10-6
1 103
1 106
1 109
1 1012

fempto
pico
micro
milli
kilo
mega
giga
tera

() .

()
, 1 . SPICE 8
PSpice 131 .
, () .
+ .
* (comment). ,
< > .

Rxxxxxx N1 N2 VALUE <TC=TC1<,TC2>>

Rxxxxxx N1
N2. value,
(tnom). temp
:
VALUE(temp) = VALUE(tnom)* (1 + TC1*(temp-tnom) + TC2 (temp-tnom)2 )
TC1 TC2
. TC1 TC2
, .
:
:
R1 5 11 3.6E3
R1 5 11
3,6 103 = 3600 .

Cxxxxxx N+ N- VALUE <C= INCOND >

1, 2 . +
- . C
.
,
.TRAN UIC (use initial
conditions, ). .TRAN
(transient), .

:
C15 31 7 15U IC=-1V
C15, 31 (
) 7 ( ).
15*10-6 F = 15 F 1 V
31 7.

, :
Cxxxxxx N+ N- POLY C0 C1 C2 <C=INCOND>
C0, C1, C2 : C= C0 +C1*V +C2*V2+... C
farad V volt.

Lxxxxxx N+ N- VALUE <C= INC0ND>

N+ , N- , IC . IC
+ -.
UIC
.TRAN.
:
L11 13 85 2.37 IC=-5
L11
13 85 2.37 henry, (H)
5 A 85 13.
,
Lxxxxxx N+ N- POLY L0 L1 L2... <IC=INCOND>
L0 L1 L2... , L = L0 + L1*I
+L2*I2+L3*I3+
ampere (A) L henry (H).


Kxxxxxx Lyyyyyy Lzzzzzz VALUE

Lyyyyyy Lzzzzzz
VALUE ( 0<VALUE 1).

Lyyyyyy Lzzzzzz.
M=K
:

L1 L2

LP 10 16 3.5E-6
LS 13 18 1.6E-6
KPRISEC LP LS 0.97
0,97 .

Vxxxxxx N+ N- < <DC>DC/TRAN-VALUE> <AC<ACMAG<ACPHASE>>>

<TRANKIND (TPAR1 TPAR2)>>

xxxxxx N+ N- < <DC>DC/TRAN-VALUE> <AC<ACMAG<ACPHASE>>>

<TRANKIND (TPAR1 TPAR2)>>
N+ N- N+
N- . . T DC
+ - .
DC/TRAN-VALUE (VALUE)
DC .
.
AC .
ACMAG ACPHASE ( ).
ACMAG ACPHASE ACMAG
1 V ACPHASE .
, ,
5 , 5 ,
(TRANKIND): pulse, sinusoidal, exponential, piece wise linear
FM.
10

 TPAR1, TPAR2, TRANKIND.

.
5 .
(VBORING). SPICE
+ - .
:
VBAT1 11 17 DC 5.
, VBAT1 DC
11 17. 11 6 V 17.
IL1 32 40 SIN(15M 30M 25K)
+ = 32 - =40,
DC (offset, ) 15 mA
( ), 30 mA
25 kHz.

VBORING 3 6
3 6.
.
. 3 6
.
VFM1 13 10 AC 2 30 LSFFM(0 3 1K 3.5 300)
VFM1 ,
. , AC (
.AC), VFM1 2
V () 30. .AC .
( .TRAN), VFM1
FM (Frequency Modulation, )
1 kHz, 3,5 ()
300 Hz.

VSYNC 3 8 PULSE(-7 10 10M 1U 2U 12M 30M)

() 7 V 10 V,
10 ms t=0, 1 s
2 s, 12 ms 30 ms.
ITRIANGL 18 37 PWL(0 0 0.25 3 0.75 3 1.25 3 1.75 3 2 0)

0 A, +3 A 3 A, 1 s.
ITRIANGL 18 37 .

11

 .
5
:
1. PULSE.

.
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} N+ N- PULSE (V1

V2 TD TR TF PW PER)

PULSE
.
V1 volt ampere ( ), V2
volt ampere ( ), TD (
, default, 0) second, TR (
tstep) second, TF (
tstep) second, PW ( tstop)
second , PER ( tstop) second.
TSTEP TSTOP
.TRAN TSTEP TSTOP .
1 .

V
( A)

V2

V1
TD

TR

PW

TF

PER

1
2. SIN.
.
() .
:
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} N+ N- SIN(V0 VA

FREQ TD THETA)

12

V0 (offset) volt ampere ( ), VA

volt ampere ( ), FRQ (
1/TSTOP) Hz, TD ( 0)
second, THETA ( 0) 1/s.
2.

V
( A)

VA
exp(-(T-TD)*THETA)

V0

TD

2
TSTEP TSTOP .TRAN TSTEP TSTOP
.
t TD V = V0
t TD
V = V0 + VA * exp( -(t-TD) * theta) * sin (2 * *freq * ( t TD ) )

3. EXP
.
,
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} N+ N- EXP(V1

V2 TD1 TAU1 TD2 TAU2)

second. :
TD1=0, TAU1=TSTEP, TD2=TD1+TSTEP,TAU2=TSTEP.
V1 V2 .
TSTEP ,
.TRAN TSTEP TSTOP
0 t TD1 Vxxxxxx = V1 .
D1 t TD2

13

Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} = V1+ (V2-V1) * (1-exp (-(t-TD1) /TAV1 ))

TD2 < t < TSTOP ,

Vxxxxxx

} = V1+ (V2-V1) * (1-exp (-(t-TD1) /TAV1 ))+(V1-V2)*

(1-exp(-(t-TD2)/TAV2))

V
( A)

V2

TAV2=

TAV1=

V1

TD2
TD1

4. PWL
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} = N+ N- PWL(T1 V1 <T2 V2 T3 V3>)

: Tn (n- )
second. Vn (n- )
volt ampere.
:
VPWL 1 0 PWL(0 0 2 3 3 2 4 2 4.2 5 4.4 5 4.3 -2 7 1 9 -1 9.5 4 10 3)
4 .

14

5,V5

6,V6

V
( A)

2,V2

3,V3 4,V4
8,V8

1,V1

9,V9
7,V7

4
5. SFFM
, FM, (frequency modulation)
().
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} = N+ N- DFFM(V0

VA FC MDI FS)

:
Vxxxxxx
Ixxxxxx

} = V0+VA * ((2**FC*t)+MDI * SIN(2**FS*t))

V0 (offset) volt ampere . VA

volt ampere . FC
1/TSTOP Hz. MDI
. FS
() Hz 1/TSTOP.

(VCCS voltage controlled current source)
,
Gxxxxxx N+ N- NC+ NC- VALUE
N+ N- ,
N+ N-. NC+ NC-
NC+.VALUE
siemens.
,
15

I=G*V
V volt, I ampere G siemens. 5.

V(NC+)

N+

NC+
Gxxxxxx
NCNV(NC-)
Gxxxxxx = VALUE * (V(NC+)-V(NC-))

(VCVS voltage controlled voltage source).
E.
Exxxxxx N+ N- NC+ NC- VALUE
VALUE ( ).
.

Exxxxxx .

V=E*Vcontrol
Exxxxxx = VALUE *(V(NC+) - V(NC-)) . 6.

16

V(NC+)

N+

NC+

+
Exxxxxx
-

NC-

NV(NC-)
Exxxxxx = VALUE * (V(NC+)-V(NC-))

6
:

VCVS. . 7.

7
NC-=19, NC+=11, N1=4, N2=22
:
R1 4 11 50
R3 19 0 1K
R2 22 19 20K
RIN 11 19 1MEG
VS 4 0 AC 1 0
E1 22 0 11 19 5E4
.AC ()
VS.

17

.
( CCCS current controlled current source)

:
Fxxxxxx N+ N- VNAME VALUE
VNAME
CCCS, VALUE CCCS.

VNAME .
.
,
Fxxxxxx = VALUE* ( VNAME)
:
(BJT) npn, ,
8 .

8
=80 (=IC/IB)

VIB 0 2 0
FBJT 4 5 VIB 80
VCC 3 0 15
VEE 6 0 -12
RBASE 2 5 1.8K
RE 5 6 10K
RC 3 4 10K

18

( CCVS current controlled voltage source )

Hxxxxxx N+ N- VNAME VALUE

VNAME
CCVS.
VALUE CCVS ohm.

VNAME CCVS.
.
Hxxxxxx = VALUE * ( VNAME)
9 , :
H1 24 37 V1 6

()

.

, -.
,
fv = p0 + p1*fa + p2*fa2 + p3*fa3 + p4*fa4 +
fv fa .
p1
p0 = 0 .
( ) ,

19

fv = p0 + p1*fa + p2*fb + p3*fa2 + p4*fa*fb + p5*fb2 + p6*fa3 + p7*fa2*fb +

p8*fa*fb2 + p9*fb3 +
fa, fb .
fa, fb, fc ,
Fv = p0 + p1*fa + p2*fb + p3*fc + p4*fa2 + p5*fa*fb + p6*fa*fc + p7*fb2 + p8*fb*fc
+ p9*fc2 + p10*fa3 + p11*fa2 *fb + p12 *fa2 *fc + p13 * fa*fb2 + p14 * fa*fb*fc +
p15 *fa *fc2 + p16 * fb3 + p17 * fb2 * fc + p18 * fb * fc2 + p19 * fc3 + p20 * fa4 +
!

.

(VCCS) ,
Gxxxxxx N+ N- <POLY(ND)> NC1+ NC1- <NC2+ NC2->
+ P0 P1 <IC=>
N+ , N- . POLY(ND)
VCCS , ND
( POLY(1), ). NC+ ,
NC- . , IC = ,
.
.
:
) GSIMPLE 1 4 7 2 0 0.5 0.3 0.06
1 4
GSIMPLE 7 2
,
I = 0 + 0.5*V(7,2) + 0.3*V(7,2)2 + (6E-2)*V(7,2)3
).

( V

POLY(ND), GSIMPLE
.
) GGOLLY 5 9 POLY(2) 1 0 3 4 0.001 7M 80U
GGOLLY ,
5 9 ( 5 9

20

GGOLLY) .
1 0, 3
4. P0 = 1E-3, P1 = 7E-3 P2 = 8E-5 (
V A ) .
,
I = 1E-3 + (7E-3)*V(1,0) + (8E-5)*V(3,4)
) VCCS
. VCCS
.
.
. 10 .
,
NONLINR.CIR TO MODEL A NONLINEAR RESISTOR
* A NONLINEAR VCCS IS USED TO MAKE A RESISTOR WITH I-V GRAPH
* TO BE A CURVE (NO STRAIGHT LINE).
VSWEEP 5 0 DC
VSENSE 5 8 0
* IN THE VCCS BELOW (GNLR), THE CURRENT THAT FLOWS BETWEEN
* NODES 8 AND 0 IS CONTROLLED BY THE VOLTAGE BETWEEN NODES 8
* AND 0.
GNLR 8 0 8 0 0 1 4
.DC VSWEEP 0 1 0.05
.END
GNLR VCCS 8 0,
, 8 0 .
GNLR ,
I = 1*V + 4*V2
V V(8,0) I 8
0 GNLR .

21

 10
SPICE GNLR
.

.
,
xxxxxx N+ N- <POLY(ND)> NC1+ NC1- <NC2+ NC2->
+ P0 P1 <IC=>
, .
:
) ESIMPLE 1 4 7 2 0 0.5 0.3 0.06
ESIMPLE VCVS ( 1
4 ) 7 2
,
V(1,4) = 0.5*V(7,2) + ).3*V(7,2)2 + (6E-2)*V(7,2)3
POLY(ND) .
) EPRODUCT 5 7 POLY(2) 20 22 31 33 0 0 0 0 1
H VCVS EPRODUCT 5 7 (+
). 20
22 31 33.
,
V(5,7) = 1.0*V(20,22)*V(31,33)
,
(amplitude modulation) .
(DSB-FC, double sideband full carrier) DSB-SC (double sideband
suppressed carrier) .


DSC-FC , DSBSC .

22

 .
,
Fxxxxxx N+ N- <POLY(ND)> VN1 <VN2>
+ P0 P1 <IC=>

CCCS
.

FUNKY 9 3 VINPUT 1 0.4 2

FUNKY CCCS
VINPUT

.
,
Hxxxxxx N+ N- <POLY(ND)> VN1 <VN2>
+ P0 P1 <IC=>
Hxxxxxx CCVS + -
+ - . VN1, VN2

. 1 . IC=
.
.
:
HITHERE 7 1 VX 0 2 0 4E2
H HITHERE 7 1
VX .
HITHERE ,
V(7,1)=0 + 2*I(VX) + 4E2*(I(VX))3 ( V A)
POLY(ND) HITHERE
.

23



.
.DC dc
.
.

DC .
,
.DC SRC START STOP INCR <SRC2 START2 STOP2 INCR2>
SRC .
START , STOP , INCR
. volt ampere
SRC2
.

.
.PRINT .PLOT
, xxx.out.

.AC .
SPICE dc
(,
).
.
.

.AC LIN NP FSTART FSTOP

.AC DEC ND FSTART FSTOP
.AC OCT NO FSTART FSTOP
FSTART ( 0 )
FSTOP .
,
LIN NP NP
() FSTART FSTOP.
NP=1 FSTART = FSTOP = .
DC ND ND
. . FSTOP
() FSTART,
FSTOP.

24

OCT NO NO
. . FSTOP
FSTART,
FSTOP.
.DC
. ac .
.PRINT .PLOT
xxx.out.

.TRAN transient (,
) .
.

.TRAN TSTEP TSTOP <TSTART <TMAX>> <UIC>

TSTEP . TSTOP
() . TSTART
. .

xxx.out. TMAX SPICE.
SPICE TSTEP (TSTEPTSTART)/50. TMAX
TSTEP .
UIC . UIC SPICE
. SPICE
:
1. .IC
( , )
.
2. .IC
.IC
.

.OP (operating point) SPICE dc

.
AC ,
.
.TF

(Transfer Function) .

.TF OUTPUTVAR INPUTSCR

OUTPUTVAR ( ).
INPUTSRC ( ).
.TF
dc (
25

INPUTSCR) ( OUTPUTVAR)
, ,
, .
:
.TF V(5) VIN
5
VIN. .
.TF I(VIDRAIN) VGAIN
VIDRAIN
VGATE. .

.SENS
dc
.
.SENS OV1 <OV2>

OV1 ,
.

.DISTO
.AC
.

.DISTO

RLOAD

INTER

<SKW2

<REFPWR

<SPW2>>>

SPICE
ac .
RLOAD
. INTER

.
INTER ,
. , INTER=2
ac.
. f1 c,
f2=SKW2*f1.
SKW2 f2 = 0,9 * f1 (
SKW2 0,9).
REFPWR
. REFPWR 1mW

26

(0 dBmW). SPW2 f2,

SPW2=1 .

.DISTO ,
HD2, f1, f2.
HD3, f1 f2.
SIM2, (f1 + f2).
DIM2, (f1- f2).
DIM3, (2f1 f2).

.NOISE
.AC
.

.NOISE OUTPUTV INPUTSRC NUMSUM

ac
. OUTPUTV
. INPUTSRC
.
NUMSUM ,
.
NUMSUM .
NSUM = 5 ( ) 5
ac. !!

.NOISE V(2,3) VIN1 10

ac.
10 ac.
2 3
VIN1.

.FOUR Fourier .
.
9
dc.

.FOUR FREQ OV1 <OV2 OV3>

.TRAN! dc
9 .
FREQ . OV1 ()
Fourier.

27

 ( TSTART (
)) TSTOP.
1/FREQ.

(TMAX .TRAN) ( ) /100 .

.FOUR 50 V(6) I(VSOURCE)

, Fourier 6
VSOURCE.
50Hz.

.TEMP SPICE
.

.TEMP T1 <T2<T3>>

T1,T2,T3 . 223,0 C.
.
TNOM=27 oC, .OPTIONS .

TNOM.
:
.TEMP 0 25 60 100
0 oC, 25 oC, 60 oC 100 oC.

.IC
.

.IC V(NODENUM1) = VAL1 V(NODENUM2) = VAL2

NODENUM1 (0) VAL1 .
NODENUM2 .

UIC .TRAN.
1) UIC .TRAN,
, BJT, JFET MOSFET
.IC.
IC = ... .
28

 IC = ...
.IC . dc
. dc
2) .IC
.

3) UIC .R, dc
( ) .
.IC
, . ,
.

.WIDTH: ,
WIDTH IN = COLNUMIN OUT = COLNUMOUT
COLNUMIN
SPICE. .
.
COLNUMOUT, 80
133.
133 ,
, .WIDTH OUT = 80
80 .

.OPTIONS: 32 (options) .

. TNOM=x
. 27 oC.

.OPTIONS OPT1 OPT2 OPT=OPTVAL

.OPTIONS TNOM=0
0 oC.

.NODESET : ,

.NODESET V(NODENUM1) = VAL1 V(NODENUM2) = VAL2

NODENUM ( 0 )
VAL . SPICE
DC ,
.
. SPICE
.
, .
29


.OP : .
SPICE (
) ,
,
,
. SPICE
.OP AC
.
.PRINT :

.PRINT ANALTYPE OV1 <OV2 OV8>

ANALTYPE ,
DC, AC, TRAN, DISTO, NOISE .
OV . 8
.PRINT .
.PLOT : .
,
.PLOT ANALTYPE OV1 <(PLO1,PHI1)> <OV2 <(plo2,PHI2)>
+ OV8 <(plo8,PHI8)>>
8 V .
( ) : DC
DC, AC
. (PLO, PHI) .
.PROBE : PSpice .
,
.PROBE <VNAME1,VNAME2, >
VNAME
.
.
Probe
Help PSpice .
Probe.
Run Probe,
Add Trace
.

30

 SPICE
To SPICE .

,
Dxxxxxx N+ N- MODNAME <AREA> <OFF> <IC=VD>
Dxxxxxx . +
-
. MODNAME
.MODEL . ,
AREA -
MODNAME
Dxxxxxx .
OFF
- Dxxxxxx dc .
IC=VD
- SPICE VD
,
.
,
.MODEL MODNAME D <(PAR1=PVAL1 PAR2=PVAL2)>
MODNAME
. D . PARxx =
PVALxxx 3 .

3
.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

IS
RS
N
TT
CJO
VJ
M
EG
XTI

10 KF
11 AF
12 FC
13 BV
14 IBV

saturation current
A
1,0 10-14
ohmic resistance

0
emission coefficient
1
transit time
s
0
zero bias junction capacitance
F
0
junction potential
V
1
grading coefficient
0,5
activation energy
eV
1,11
saturation
current
temperature 3,0
exponent
flicker noise coefficient
0
flicker noise exponent
1
coefficient for forward bias depletion 0,5
capacitance formula
reverse breakdown voltage
V
Infinite
current at breakdown voltage
A
1,0 10-3

31

:
D1 7 9 H11 ( ).
.MODEL H11 D(RS=0.5 BV=400 IV=50M)
, D1
N+ = 7 N- = 9 H11. 7
9. H11 0,5 ,
400 V
50 mA

(BJT).
,
Qxxxxxx NC NB NE <NS> MODNAME <AREA><OFF><IC=VBE,VCE>
Q . Qxxxxxx . NC,
NB NE ,
. MODNAME
.MODEL .
,
NS - (substrate),
0.
AREA -
(BJT) D
Qxxxxxx .
OFF - Qxxxxxx dc .
IC = VBE, VCE - ,
UIC .TRAN . SPICE
VBE , VCE -
-,
.
,
.MODEL MODNAME NPN <(PAR1=PVAL1 PAR2=PVAL2 )>
NPN PNP. 40 (PAR
PVAL) . 4 .

32

 4
( Modified Gummel-Poon BJT )

#

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

IS
BF
NF
VAF
IKF
ISE
NE
BR
NR
VAR
IKR
ISC
NC
RB
IRB

A
V
A
A
V
A
A
Ohms
A

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

RBM
RE
RC
CJE
VJE
MJE
TF
XTF
VTF
IRF
PRF
CJC
VJC
MJC
XCJC

Ohms
Ohms
Ohms
F
V
sec
V
A
deg
F
V
-

RB
0
0
0
0,75
0,33
0
0
Infinite
0
0
0
0,75
0,33
1

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

TR
CJS
VJS
MJS
XTB
EG
XTI
KF
AF
FC

transport saturation current

ideal maximum forward beta
forward current emission coefficient
forward early voltage
corner for forward beta high current roll-off
B-E leakage saturation current
B-E leakage emission coefficient
Ideal maximum reverse beta
reverse current emission coefficient
reverse Early voltage
corner for reverse beta high current roll-off
B-C leakage saturation current
B-C leakage emission coefficient
zero bias base resistance
current where base resistance galls halfway to its min
value
minimum base resistance at high currents
emitter resistance
collector resistance
B-E zero-bias depletion capacitance
B-E built-in potential
B-E junction exponential factor
ideal forward transit time
coefficient for bias dependence of TF
voltage describing VBC dependence of TF
high-current parameter for effect of TF
excess phase at freq=1,0/(TF*2PI)Hz
B-C zero-bias depletion capacitance
B-C built-in potential
B-C junction exponential factor
fraction of B-C depletion capacitance connected to
interval base node
ideal reverse transit time
zero-bias collector-substrate capacitance
substrate junction built-in potential
substrate junction exponential factor
forward and reverse beta temperature exponent
energy gap for temperature effect on IS
temperature exponent for effect on IS
flicker-noise coefficient
flicker-noise exponent
coefficient for forward-bias depletion capacitance
formula

1,0 10-16
100
1,0
Infinite
Infinite
1,0 10-13
1,5
1
1
Infinite
Infinite
0
21,5
0
Infinite

Sec
F
V
EV
-

0
0
0,75
0
0
1,11
3
0
1
0,5

:
Q11 4 10 5 SMALLSIH
.MODEL SMALLSIH NPN (BF=140)

33

 , Q11 (BJT),
4, 10 5 .
NPN =140.

(JFET).
JFET ,
Jxxxxxx ND NG NS MODNAME <AREA> <OFF> <IC=VDS,VGS>
. ND
(drain), NG (gate) NS
(SOURCE). VDS VGS (
).
JFET ,
.MODEL MODNAME NJF<(PAR1 = PVAL1 PAR2 = PVAL2)>
NJF .
PJF P . , PAR ,
5 .

5
JFET
#

1
2
3

VTO
threshold voltage
BETA
transcontuctance parameter
LAMBDA channel
length
modulation
parameter
RD
drain ohmic resistance
RS
source ohmic resistance
CGS
zero
bias
G-S
junction
capacitance
CGD
zero
bias
G-D
junction
capacitance
PB
gate junction potential
IS
gate junction saturation current
KF
flicker noise coefficient
AF
flicker noise exponent
FC
coefficient for forward bias
depletion capacitance formula

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

34

V
A/V2
V-1

- 2.0
1,0 10-4
0

0
0
0

V
A
-

1
1,0 10-14
0
1
0,5

 Shichman Hodges.

MOS (MOSFET).
,
(MOSFET) ,
Mxxxxxx ND NG NS NB MODNAME <L=VAL> <W=VAL>
+<AD=VAL> <AS=VAL> <PD=VAL> <PS=VAL> <NRD=VAL>
+<NRS=VAL> <OFF> <IC=VDS,VGS,VBS>
( , JFET).
NB , (bulk
substrate). ,
L
W
AD (drain) m2
AS m2 .

.
.OPTIONS . DEFL L,
DEFW W, DEFAD AD, DEFAS AS . ,
PD
PS
NRD
NRS .
NRD NRS
RSH .MODEL

.
, PD+PS+0 ,
NRD=NRS=1 .
OFF dc .
IC -, -
-. UIC
.TRAN . SPICE
VDS, VGS VBS
.
MOSFET ,
.MODEL MODNAME NMOS<(PAR1=PVAL1 PAR@=PVAL2)>
NMOS - .
PMOS P . PAR
6 PVAL .

35

:
MBUFFER 8 5 7 0 SIMPLE
.MODEL SIMPLE NMOS

.OPTIONS
, DEFL=DEFW=100 m DEFAS = 0 m2 .

6
MOSFET
#
1
2
3
4
5
6

LEVEL
VTO
KP
GAMMA
PHI
LAMBDA

7
8
9
10
11
12
13

RD
RS
CBD
CBS
IS
PB
CGSO

14

CGDO

15

CGBO

16

RSH

17

CJ

18
19

MJ
CJSW

20
21

MJSW
JS

22
23
24
25
26

TOX
NSUB
NSS
NFS
TPG

27
28
29
30

XJ
LD
UO
UCRIT

31

UEXP

Model index
Zero bias threshold voltage
Transconductance parameter
Bulk threshold parameter
Surface potential
Channel length modulation
(MOS1 and MOS2 only)
Drain ohmic resistance
Source ohmic resistance
Zero bias B-D junction capacitance
Zero bias B-S junction capacitance
Bulk junction saturation current
Bulk junction potential
Gate source overlap capacitance
per meter channel width
Gate drain overlap capacitance
per meter channel width
Gate bulk overlap capacitance
per meter channel length
Drain and source diffusion
Sheet resistance
Zero bias bulk junction bottom capacitance
per square meter of junction area
Bulk junction bottom gradient coefficient
Zero bias bulk junction sidewall capacitance
per meter of junction perimeter
Bulk junction sidewall grading coefficient
Bulk junction saturation current
per square meter of junction area
Oxide thickness
Substrate doping
Surface state density
Fast surface state density
Type of gate material:
+1 opposite to substrate
-1 same as substrate
0 Al gate
Metallurgical junction depth
Lateral diffusion
Surface mobility
Critical field for mobility
degradation (MOS2 only)
Critical field exponent in

36

V
A V-2
V
V
V-1

1
0
2,0 10-5
0,6
0,6
0

F
F
A
V
F/m

0
0
0
0
1,0 10-14
0,8
0

F/m

F/m

/square

F m-2

F/m

0,5
0

A m-2

0
1,0 10-8

m
cm-3
cm-2
cm-2

1,0 10-7
0
0
0

m
m
cm2/Vs
V/cm

0
0
600
1,0 104

32

UTRA

33
34

VMAX
NEFF

35

XQC

36
37
38

KF
AF
FC

39

DELTA

40
41
42

THETA
ETA
KAPPA

Mobility degradation (MOS2 only)

Transverse field coefficient (mobility)
(deleted for MOS2)
Maximum drift velocity of carriers
Total channel charge (fixed and
Mobile) coefficient (MOS2 only)
Thin oxide capacitance model flag
And coefficient of channel charge
Share attributed to drain (0-0,5)
Flicker noise coefficient
Flicker noise exponent
Coefficient for forward bias
Depletion capacitance formula
Width effect on threshold voltage
(MOS2 and MOS3)
Mobility modulation (MOS3 only)
Static feedback (MOS3 only)
Saturation field factor (MOS3 only)

M/s
-

0
1

0
1
0,5

V-1
-

0
0
0,2

I-V MOSFET
LEVEL .
LEVEL = 1 Shichman-Hodges
LEVEL = 2
MOS2
LEVEL = 3
MOS3

(..
) (
).
:
.SUBCKT SUBNAME N1 <N2 N3>
:
.ENDS <SUBNAME>
SUBNAME . N1, N2, N3
.
.

0 .
0 N1, N2,
.
Xyyyyyy N1 <N2 N3> SUBNAME
Xyyyyyy
SUBNAME.

37

1, 2,... .
:
11.

11. RC.CIR
RC.CIR
VGEN 10 0 AC 1
.SUBCKT TEE 1 2
RLEFT 1 8 60
RMID 8 0 50
RRIGHT 8 2 80
CRIGHT 2 0 1V
.ENDS TEE
XA 10 20 TEE
XB 20 30 TEE
XC 30 40 TEE
.AC DEC 5 100 1MEG
.END
12 .

12.

.SUBCKT TEE 1 2
RLEFT 1 8 60
RMID 8 0 50
RRIGHT 8 2 80
CRIGHT 2 0 1V
.ENDS TEE

38

dc

:
ID=IS[exp(VD/N*VT)-1]
IS , N
1,0 VT=k/e ( = Boltzmann = 1,38 10-23 J/K, T
e=1,6 10-19 C, ). 25 oC k/e=
VT=26 mV. IS =1 10-14 A.

13
13 .
3 .
.MODEL NEWD1 D( IS=5E-9)
IS default IS=5 10-9 A.

BJT.
, , ,
Q1 9 8 7 NEWT1
.MODEL NEWT1 NPN(BF=200).
100 .
3

39

JFET.

, , BETA ()
JFET ,
J1 9 8 7 B1
.MODEL B1 NJF(BETA = 5E-4)
1,0 10-4 /V2 .
5 .

MOSFET.
.
6 .
M1 9 8 7 6 B1
.MODEL B1 PMOS(KP=3E-5)

=2 10-5 /V2 .

SPICE .
,
Txxxxxx NA+ NA- NB+ NB- Z0=ZVAL F=FREQ
+<NL=NLENGTH> <IC=VA,IA,VB,IB>

Tyyyyyy NA+ NA- NB+ NB- Z0=ZVAL TD=TVALUE

+ <IC=VA,IA,VB,IB>
+ , - ( )
. + - .
0 ( ) .
FREQ NLENGTH
.
(

, u/c . NL=NLENGTH
L=0,25 , 1/4 ( ) .
40

D .
VA IA
V V+
V- . V+ .
.
.TRAN UIC (use initial
conditions, ).

14
TLINE1.CIR SINGLE PULSE INTO TRANSMISSION LINE
TO ILLUSTRATE THE TIME DELAY OF A LINE
VIN 1 0 PULSE(0 10 1N 0 0 3N)
RIN 1 2 50
TSHORT 2 0 3 0 Z0=50 TD=2N
RLOAD 3 0 50
.TRAN 0.2N 7N
.END

balun.
balun , balancedunbalanced (-) . 15.
,
BALUN.CIR TRANSMITION LINE BALUN, 1 A CURRENT INPUT.
IIN 0 20 AC 1
T1 20 0 30 0 Z0=75 F=100MEG NL=1.0
T2 30 0 40 0 z0=75 F=100MEG NL=0.5
41

RL 30 40 300
.AC LIN 41 60MEG 140MEG
.PRINT AC VR(20) VI(20)
.END

15

16. :
MATCH.CIR 0.25 WAVELENGTH TRANSMITION LINE MATCH
VS 1 0 AC 141.42
RS 1 2 50
VSENSE 2 10 0
T1 10 0 3 0 Z0=50 F=50MEG NL=2
T2 3 0 4 0 z0=158.11 F=50MEG NL=0.25
*
SQRT(500*50)=158.11, 0.25 WAVE MATCH
T3 4 0 5 0 Z0=50 F=50MEG NL=0.25
*
T3 SECTION TRANSFORMS 5 OHM RLOAD TO 500 OHM
RLOAD 5 0 5
.AC LIN 41 10MEG 90MEG
.PRINT AC VM(5) (5,25)
.END

16

42

17 .

17
.
(VCVS), EPRI-SEC.
=1/( ).
( # ) / (#
). FSEC-PRI,
, (CCCS).
.
FSEC-PRI () .
V-ISEC,
EPRI-SEC.
=2 .
()
10 11.
EPRI-SEC 20 13 10 11 2
FSEC-PRI 10 11 V-ISEC 2
V-ISEC 20 12 0

. dc ! dc .

1 . ,
LSEC = LPRI * N2
LSEC, LPRI
.
43

 =5 500 mH
18.
LSEC = (50 10-3 ) 52 H = 1,25 H .

18
,
LPRI 30 40 50E-3
LSEC 50 60 1.25
KPRI-SEC LPRI LSEC 1.0

.

.
dc .

SPICE2 SPICE3 .

() .
(VCCS).
VCCS
,
0 V 1 V,
( , ON), 1 V 0 V ,
( , OFF).
PULSE PWL .
VCCS .
, 1 106 siemens (S),
1 10-6 .
.

44

 19
:
19 20
VCCS GSWITCH
PULSE (VPULSE) .
VPULSE ,
RPULSE = 1 .

20
.CIR ,
SWITCH.CIR (USE OF VCCS TO MAKE A SWITCH)
VPULSE 100 0 PULSE(0 1 1 1M 1M 1)
RPULSE 100 0 1
VL 1 0 10
RL 2 3 20
RMID 3 0 5
RR 3 4 5
VR 4 0 2
GSWITCH 1 2 POLY(2) 100 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1E6
.TRAN 0.1 2.5
.END
(pulse) , 1 s, 0 V 1 V .
1 ms ( )
45

 1 s . VCCS GSWITCH 1
2 V(100,0) ( ) V(1,2) (
). p4
GSWITCH 1 106 S

10-6 .

, () 360 0.
, , C . ()
120 0 .
21 .

21
,
3-PHASE.CIR GENERATING SWITCHED 3-PHASE POWER
* VCCS ARE USED TO SWITCH ALL THREE PHASES ON AT THE
* SAMETIME
* THE THREE FREE-RUNNING PHASES ARE CREATED BELOW
VA 1 0 SIN(0 311.1 50 0)
VB 2 0 SIN(0 311.1 50 6.66667M)
VC 3 0 SIN(0 311.1 50 13.3333 M)
RA 1 0 1
RB 2 0 1
RC 3 0 1
* THE SWITCH CONTROL VOLTAGE FOR ALL 3 PHASES FOLLOWS
VSW 100 0 PULSE(0 1 16M 1N)
RSW 100 0 1
* THREE VCCS SWITHCHES FOLLOW
GA 1 11 POLY(2) 100 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 1E6
GB 2 12 POLY(2) 100 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 1E6

46

GC 3 13 POLY(2) 100 0 3 13 0 0 0 0 1E6

RGA 11 0 1
RGB 12 0 1
RGC 13 0 1
.TRAN 1M 60M 20M
.END
50 z 20 ms .
311,1 V ( 220 V) .
.

SPICE PSpice.
SPICE (SPICE2G.6 Berkeley)
PSpice ( MicroSim) .
PSpice

SPICE.
,
SPICE PSpice.
.
MicroSim.
SPICE
PSpice.
1. PSpice .OPTION:
LIMTIM, LVLCOD, METHOD, MAXORD, LVLTIM ITL3.
2. PSpice = .WIDTH .
3.
.MODEL
.
SPICE
PSpice. PSpice
SPICE.
SPICE.
1. SPICE .
2. SPICE , , ,
.STEP.
3. SPICE dc .
4. SPICE .MODEL .
5. To SPICE .LIB .
6. SPICE .

47

CHARACTERISTIC OF A DIODE
VD
10 0
D
10 20 PLAIN
V-ID 20 0 0
.DC VD 0.6 0.81 0.01
.MODEL PLAIN D
.PLOT DC I(V-ID) (0, 0.4)
.PROBE
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.END

48

 :

, par1.cir.
(drag and drop)
PSpice AD .

( )
.

par1.cir
, par1.dat par1.out
.

49

 par1.out editor notepad word

.

50

, 1 :
**** 09/02/102 15:36:38 ******** NT Evaluation PSpice (July 1997) ************
CHARACTERISTIC OF A DIODE

****

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

******************************************************************************
VD
10 0
D
10 20 PLAIN
V-ID 20 0 0
.DC VD 0.6 0.81 .01
.MODEL PLAIN D
.PLOT DC I(V-ID) (0, 0.4)
.PROBE
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.END
****

Diode MODEL PARAMETERS

PLAIN
IS 10.000000E-15
****

DC TRANSFER CURVES

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

VD
I(V-ID)
(*)---------- 0.0000E+00 1.0000E-01 2.0000E-01 3.0000E-01 4.0000E-01
___________________________
6.000E-01 1.188E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.100E-01 1.749E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.200E-01 2.574E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.300E-01 3.789E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.400E-01 5.578E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.500E-01 8.211E-04 *
.
.
.
.
6.600E-01 1.209E-03 *
.
.
.
.
6.700E-01 1.779E-03 *
.
.
.
.
6.800E-01 2.619E-03 *
.
.
.
.
6.900E-01 3.855E-03 .*
.
.
.
.
7.000E-01 5.675E-03 .*
.
.
.
.
7.100E-01 8.353E-03 .*
.
.
.
.
7.200E-01 1.230E-02 . *
.
.
.
.
7.300E-01 1.810E-02 . *
.
.
.
.
7.400E-01 2.664E-02 . *
.
.
.
.
7.500E-01 3.922E-02 . *
.
.
.
.
7.600E-01 5.773E-02 .
* .
.
.
.
7.700E-01 8.498E-02 .
*.
.
.
.
7.800E-01 1.251E-01 .
. *
.
.
.
7.900E-01 1.841E-01 .
.
*.
.
.
8.000E-01 2.711E-01 .
.
.
* .
.
8.100E-01 3.990E-01 .
.
.
.
*
---------------------------

JOB CONCLUDED
TOTAL JOB TIME

.01

51


Probe PSpice.
PSpice AD File Run Probe.

.
add trace.

52

53

7404 TTL INVERTER, SWEPT DC INPUT

VCC 4 0 DC 5
VIN 1 0
RBQ1 4 2 4K
RCQ2 4 5 1.6K
REQ2 6 0 1K
RCQ3 4 7 130
RPULLUP
4 9 2K
DOUTPUT 8 9 DI-MOD
Q1
3 2 1 Q-MOD
Q2
5 3 6 Q-MOD
Q3
7 5 8 Q-MOD
Q4
9 6 0 Q-MOD
.MODEL DI-MOD D
.MODEL Q-MOD NPN(BF=50)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.DC VIN 1.3 1.7 0.01
.PROBE V(9) V(1)
.PLOT DC V(9,0) (0,5) V(1,0) (1,2)
.END

54

DOUBLE TUNED OVER COUPLED RF TRANSFORMER

ISOURCE
0 5 AC 0.5M
RSOURCE 5 0 100K
CPRIM
5 0 316.63P
RPRIM
5 6 2
LPRIM
6 0 20U
KP-S LPRIM LSEC 0.10
LSEC 1 3 20U
RSEC 1 2 2
CSEC 2 3 316.63P
RL
2 3 30K
RDCPATH 3 0 1T
55

.AC LIN 41 1.8MEG 2.2MEG

*.PLOT AC VM(2,3) (0.3,5)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PROBE
.END
**** 09/02/102 16:04:52 ******** NT Evaluation PSpice (July 1997) ************
DOUBLE TUNED OVER COUPLED RF TRANSFORMER
****

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

******************************************************************************
ISOURCE 0 5 AC 0.5M
RSOURCE 5 0 100K
CPRIM 5 0 316.63P
RPRIM 5 6 2
LPRIM 6 0 20U
KP-S LPRIM LSEC 0.10
LSEC 1 3 20U
RSEC 1 2 2
CSEC 2 3 316.63P
RL 2 3 30K
RDCPATH 3 0 1T
.AC LIN 41 1.8MEG 2.2MEG
*.PLOT AC VM(2,3) (0.3,5)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PROBE
.END
****

SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 0.0000 ( 3) 0.0000 ( 5) 0.0000

( 6) 0.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURRENT

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 0.00E+00 WATTS

JOB CONCLUDED
TOTAL JOB TIME

.05

56

NODE VOLTAGE

4
BJT DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER, AC ANALYSIS
VSIG 3 0 AC 1
VCC 1 0 DC 12
VEE 5 0 -12
Q1
2 3 4 APPLE
Q2
6 0 4 APPLE
.MODEL APPLE NPN(BF=60 CJC=16P CJE=30P)
RC1 1 2 5K
RC2 1 6 5K
RE
4 5 4.8K
.AC DEC 5 100 1G
.PLOT AC VDB(6) (-10,50) VP(6) (-90,0)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.OP
.PROBE
.END

57

58

PIECEWISE LINEAR VOLTAGE INTO R-C LOWPASS FILTER

VIN 5 0 PWL(0 0 1M 1 2M 0 3M 1 4M 0)
R
5 8 1K
C
8 0 2U
.TRAN .1M 4M
.PLOT TRAN V(5) (0,1) V(8) (0,.5)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PROBE
.END

59

 WAVE POWER SUPPLY

VAC 10 0 SIN(0 100 50)
* VAC 100V 50Hz
VSENSE
10 12 0
D
12 15 MODA
.MODEL MODA D(N=0.001 RS=2)
CFILTER
15 0 40U
RLOAD
15 0 1K
.TRAN1M 40M
.PLOT TRAN V(15) (0,100) I(VSENSE) (0,1.5)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PROBE
.END

60

TTL 7404 INVERTER GATE, PULSE INPUT

VCC 4 0 5
VIN 1 0 PULSE(0 4 10N 2N 2N 20N 48N)
RBQ1 4 2 4K
RCQ2 4 5 1.6K
REQ2 6 0 1K
RCQ3 4 7 130
RPULLUP
4 9 2K
DOUTPUT 8 9 DMOD1
Q1
3 2 1 MOD1
Q2
5 3 6 MOD1
Q3
7 5 8 MOD1
Q4
9 6 0 MOD1
.WIDTH OUT = 80
.MODEL MOD1 NPN(BF=50 BR=0.1 RB=70 RC=40 TF=.1N TR=10N
+ CJE=0.9P CJC=1.5P CCS=1P VA=50)
.MODEL DMOD1 D
.TRAN 3N 105N
*.PLOT TRAN V(9) (0,12) V(1) (-5,5)
.PROBE
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.END

61

62

ASTABLE BJT CIRCUIT

*
Q1
1 2 0 MOD1
Q2
4 5 0 MOD1
RC1 7 1 1K
RB1 7 2 50K
RC2 7 4 1K
RB2 7 5 50K
CC1B2
1 5 20U
CC2B1
4 2 20U
VCC 7 0 6
.MODEL MOD1 NPN(TF=10N CJC=1P CJE=1P)
.TRAN 0.05 2.5 UIC
.IC V(1)=0.1 V(4)=6 V(5)=-6 V(2)=0.8 V(7)=6
.PLOT TRAN V(1) (0,12) V(2) (-13,1)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE RELTOL=0.01
.PROBE
.END

63

9
AMPLITUDE MODULATION USING A POLYNOMIAL VCVS
V-CAR
10 0 SIN(0 10 10K)
*
V-CAR 10VP 10KHZ
R-CAR
10 0 1
V-MOD
20 0 SIN(1 1 2K 200U)
*
V-MOD 1VDC + 1VP 2KHZ,
200U,
R-MOD
20 0 1
E-AM 30 0 POLY(2) 10 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 1
R-AM 30 0 1
.TRAN 10U 1M
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PLOT TRAN V(20) V(30)
.PROBE
.END

64

65

 10

10

WAVE RECTIFIER WITH FOURIER ANALYSIS

VAC 2 0 SIN(0 1.0 100)
D
2 4 IDEAL
RL
4 0 1K
.MODEL IDEAL D(N=0.001)
.TRAN 0.25M 10M
.FOUR 100 V(4,0)
.PLOT TRAN V(4,0) V(2,0)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.PROBE
.END

66

 11

11
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
VCC 1 0 14
VEE 2 0 -9
VIN1 3 0 AC 1M
Q1
4 3 5 MOD1
RC1 1 4 10K
RE
5 2 4.3K
VIN2 7 0 0
Q2
6 7 5 MOD1
RC2 1 6 10K
.OP
.SENS V(4)
.MODEL MOD1 NPN(BF=75)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.END
**** 09/02/102 16:25:18 ******** NT Evaluation PSpice (July 1997) ************
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

****

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

******************************************************************************

VCC
VEE
VIN1
Q1
RC1
RE
VIN2

1 0 14
2 0 -9
3 0 AC 1M
4 3 5 MOD1
1 4 10K
5 2 4.3K
700

67

Q2
6 7 5 MOD1
RC2 1 6 10K
.OP
.SENS V(4)
.MODEL MOD1 NPN(BF=75)
.OPTIONS NOPAGE
.END

****

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

MOD1
NPN
IS 100.000000E-18
BF 75
NF 1
BR 1
NR 1
****

SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

( 1) 14.0000 ( 2) -9.0000 ( 3) 0.0000 ( 4) 4.5593

( 5) -.7727 ( 6) 4.5593 ( 7) 0.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURRENT
VCC
VEE
VIN1
VIN2

-1.888E-03
1.913E-03
-1.259E-05
-1.259E-05

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 4.37E-02 WATTS

****

OPERATING POINT INFORMATION

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

**** BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

NAME
Q1
Q2
MODEL
MOD1
MOD1
IB
1.26E-05 1.26E-05
IC
9.44E-04 9.44E-04
VBE
7.73E-01 7.73E-01
VBC
-4.56E+00 -4.56E+00
VCE
5.33E+00 5.33E+00
BETADC
7.50E+01 7.50E+01
GM
3.65E-02 3.65E-02
RPI
2.05E+03 2.05E+03
RX
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
RO
1.00E+12 1.00E+12
CBE
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
CBC
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
CJS
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
BETAAC
7.50E+01 7.50E+01
CBX
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
FT
5.81E+17 5.81E+17

68

****

DC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

DC SENSITIVITIES OF OUTPUT V(4)

ELEMENT
NAME

RC1
RE
RC2
VCC
VEE
VIN1
VIN2

ELEMENT
ELEMENT
NORMALIZED
VALUE
SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY
(VOLTS/UNIT) (VOLTS/PERCENT)

1.000E+04
4.300E+03
1.000E+04
1.400E+01
-9.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00

-9.441E-04
-9.441E-02
2.189E-03
9.411E-02
-4.644E-12
-4.644E-10
1.000E+00
1.400E-01
1.144E+00
-1.030E-01
-1.831E+02
-0.000E+00
1.819E+02
0.000E+00

Q1
RB
RC
RE
BF
ISE
BR
ISC
IS
NE
NC
IKF
IKR
VAF
VAR

0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
7.500E+01
-8.255E-04
-6.192E-04
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.000E+00
1.000E-12
1.000E-14
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.000E-16
-4.735E+16
-4.735E-02
1.500E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
2.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00

RB
RC
RE
BF
ISE
BR
ISC
IS
NE
NC
IKF
IKR
VAF
VAR

0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
7.500E+01 -8.255E-04
-6.192E-04
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.000E+00
4.919E-21
4.919E-23
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.000E-16
4.706E+16
4.706E-02
1.500E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
2.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000E+00

Q2

JOB CONCLUDED
TOTAL JOB TIME

.02

69

SPICE GUI
(Graphical User Interfaces)

PSpice (SPICE)
, ,
MicroSim. GUI (Graphical User Interfaces)
.
Schematics

.
, mouse
. ,
.SCH .
file/open .
analysis/setup
analysis/simulate .
, PROBE
, .

, .

- ,
.

GUI
Schematics.

.
:
1.
)
( )

. , mouse
draw/Get New Part ( CTRL+G) draw/Place Part (
CTRL+P) , (part
browser basic) .
90
CTRL+R.
)
()
Draw Wire ( ) mouse.

70

 .
AGND (analogue ground).
,
, .
, 1.1

.

.
,
.
2.
)

. ,
, mouse ,
.
)


.
)
( )
, , , ,
.. .
,
.
.
3.
)

(time domain) (frequency
domain). Analysis/Setup, ,
, (checking)
(.. AC Sweep
, Transient ) .
DC Sweep
. Bias Point Detail
.
)
double click
(.. Voltage Source, Temperature),
(Total Pts), (Start value,
End value) (Linear, Octal, Decade).
Transient Final time Step Ceiling

71

, Print Step
.
)

Voltage/Level Markers Current Marker ,
,
,
.
4.
)

Analysis/Simulate ( F11).
)
:

Enable Bias Voltage Display Enable Bias
Current Display single click .
( )
.Probe.
, , ,
, FFT .. ,
output file.

() (..
)
, PSpice
.
:
1.
,
,
(blocks) ,
.
draw/block (
) . ,
, (.. 1)
( ).
, Set Up
Block filename.
OK
: blockname.filename.sch. ,
1 filename ( ) amplifier,
: 1.amplifier.sch.
()

72

 , ( 4).

, ,

(.. 1, 2,).
3. ,
, ()
.
2.
.
, file
(copy)
. ,
, ,
(paste).
.
3.

( ) .
,
. ,
( )

IF_IN IF_OUT
.
.
4.

, :
mouse

. ,
.
window ( )
Schematics.

-


.
:
) Print Screen
( Prt sc). ,

73

 buffer .
(.. Word), Paste
. , mouse
(crop)
. ,

90 (4

2 180 )
(
).
, ..
) Snagit
. CTLR+<SHIFT>+P,
Crop
(.. bmp).
)

Schematics
,
.
mouse ( ).
, File/Export
.DXF .
( Microsoft Visio)
.DWG Autocad .JIF, .JPG,
.TIF, .EPS
(Word, Latex) Power Point .

( Probe) .
, File/Print Preview
.

) ,
File/Print, virtual printer Distiller
.PDF
. ()
.
)

( x,y ), Probe,
(.. Excel). click (),
CTLR+C (copy) CTLR+V (paste)
. Probe
Word, , : window
copy to clipboard. Word paste
.
, ,
,
.

.
74

1.
1.1
( )

Schematics

: Get New Part ( CTRL+G)

75

 (
): R

90 CTRL+R

76


(
)

Draw Wire

77


( )

V1, VAC,

Voltage Marker

78

 : Analysis Setup

AC
Sweep ( Bias Point Detail
)

:
=100
=5 kHz
=15 kHz

(AC Sweep type: linear)

79


file .sch

80

(: decade linear)

Probe

81

82

 1.2
( )

Transient

83

:
=4 s
=4 ms
=4 s

---

84

 1.3
( )

85

86

 1.4
(

DC Sweep

VCE

87

 VCE:
=0
=10 V
=0.01 V
(Linear)

( , nested):
=0
=50
=10
(Linear)

(Enable Nested
Sweep)

88

 , C,

,
DC Nested Sweep

89

 1.5
( VCE-IC )

90

91

92

2.
2.1
( )
( )
.


10 V, 100 ms 20 ms Vin-1 Vin2 VPULSE. analysis setup transient 1 ms
150 ms.

93

 2.2
( )

. ()
,
. , ()
, .
100 mV, 100 ms V1
V2 VSIN. analysis setup AC Sweep 20
(Pts/decade), (decade),
0,1 Hz 10 kHz.
.

94

 2.3
( )

(L) (C).
V1. analysis setup
transient 2 ns 600 ns.

Probe
100 ns .

.

.

95

 2.4
(Debouncer RS flip-flop)

,
() . R-S flip flop
.

, .
,
Set 1, Reset 0 .
.
(Reset).

96

 2.5
( )

,
IC LF411.
in-, out in+, out ,
.

. Vin
VSIN, .
.

97

 2.6
( 4-bit)
IC 74107
J-K flip flops. flip flop
,
. analysis setup
transient .

98

 2.7
( offset)
.
(offset)
.
Vin VSIN.

99

 -
, COMPUTER-AIDED CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS USING SPICE by Walter Banzhaf, Prentice Hall, 1989 Introduction
to PSpice by James W. Nilsson and Susan A. Riedel, Addison-Wesley, 1993. ,
MicroSim Corporation
SPICE
.

SPICE ,
.

.
. -,
..
, , ,
.

100